人教版八年级上册Unit3-4单元知识点总结

Unit3-4知识点总结及检测【教学目标】1•熟练单词和短语用法掌握形容词比较级最高级用法掌握相关重点词汇【知识梳理】一■知识点讲解与练习形容词、副词的比较级和最高级意义英语中大多数形容词（性质形容词）、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：Johnisatallboy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the）女口：longlongerlongest原级比较级最高级Theblackpenisverylong.黑色的钢笔很长。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree.红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。列表如下：构成法原级比较级最高级—般单曰节词末尾加-er,-esttall（咼的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾nice（好的）nicernicest

的双曰节词只加-r,-stlarge（大的）largerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双与结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i,再加-er,-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在刖面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不规则变化：6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。列表如下:原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身体）好的，bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；ill（身体）不舒服的（身体）更不舒服的（身体）最不舒服的many许多的（可数）more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的（不可数）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）old老的older年龄较大的；较旧的oldest年龄最大的；最旧的elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼形容词最高级的用法形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.对我们来说，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四个女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。使用形容词最高级时，句中往往会出现由in或of构成的介词短语，用以说明范围。in表示在某一范围内，of表示属性，意为“某一类中的”。of表示比较的对象属于同一范畴;in则表示不属于同一范畴。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.约翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.玛丽是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容词最高级的句型结构形容词最高级的句型结构是“主语+动词+形容词最高级+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。形容词最高级的常见考点形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但若形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格限制时，则不能再加定冠词the。如：Thetallestboyjumps（the）highestinhisclass.最高的那个男孩在他班上跳得最高。（tall为形容词，最高级前要加the；high在此为副词，最高级前可不加the）Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的儿子。（句中的oldest前有形容词性物主代词限制，不能再加the）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,among。（1）in表示环境范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英语不如她的好。。f用来表示对象范围，一般用于同类事物之间的比较，且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念的范畴。如：He'sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有学生中，他是最聪明的。among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较，表示其中之最，后面一般接名词或代词。同of—样，也表示对象范围，因此among与of有时可互换使用。“oneof+the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常见考点。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。比较级与最高级之间的转换：改写为：比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclasTWeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏华是他班上最健美的男孩。改写为：比较级+than+theother+可数名词复数或比较级+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.TRobertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.罗伯特在学校是最好的学生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.TThiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo.这台电脑是三台中最贵的。最高级前有时可以加序数词，表示“第……个最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。二、重要词汇No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,muchalotabit,far,anv,no等可以+比较级worksashardasTina.塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。"...(not)as+形容词或副词原级+as...”是一种原级比较，意思为“和(不)一样”。...notas+形容词或副词原级+as...表示双方在某个方面不同。如：他没有他哥哥工作努力。Hedoesn'tworkashardashisbrother.他没有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容词或副词原级+as表示双方在某个方面一样。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一样高。Irunasfastashedoes.我跑得跟他一样快。辨析beat/win相同点：都是动词，表示“赢”不同：beat+人/win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。女口：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。Theywonthematchthistime.这次他们赢了这场比赛。about意为“关心；在意”，期中care是动词如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我们应该关心老年人。carefor表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，takecareof也有这个意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我们班上，我们相互关心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】carefor还可以表示"照顾”，"照料"，相当于takecareof或Iookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmustlookafteryourselves.你们要照顾好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。—L牢记：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词使某人/某事怎样如：Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的话使我们感到很高兴。atsb.笑话；取笑（某人）女如:Don'tlaughatme!不要取笑我！They'rebothtall.他们两个都是高个子。bothadj./pron./adv.两个都用在be动词后，行为动词前。Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.Bothof■■■..+名词复数（复数谓语）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。both・・・and…两者都（复数谓语）反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不（谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】both与allboth指代两者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我们都在这儿。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon...（P29）所有的这些节目都有一个共同特征这对夫妇好像没有什么共同点。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.（P29）各种各样的人都参加这些节目。【用法】allkindsof意为“各种各样的；各种类型的”，kind在此用作可数名词，意为“类别；种类”。常用短语有：akindof—种；differentkindsof不同种类的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳图书馆里有各种各样的书。【拓展】(1)kind还可用作形容词，意为“和蔼的；亲切的；善良的”。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我真是太好了。⑵kindof意为“有几分；有点儿”，常修饰形容词。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在这个房间里我们感觉有点冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That'suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己来决定。【用法】beupto意为“是的职责；由决定”，是一个习惯用语obeuptosb.todosth.意为“应由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主语的句子中，有时也用this或that作主语。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It'suptoyoutofillit.生命只给你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshowtheyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人们看这样的节目时，通常承担着评判优胜者的角色。【用法】playarole是一种固定表达，意为“发挥作用；有影响”。若要进一步引出具体的内容，后面应用介词in表示，意为“在某事或某个方面起到作用或承担某种角色”，同义短语为playapartin。Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那儿，你会发挥作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。i弥补；补充；补足n/makeup\\的含文/3编造(披ILUlh)［化妆？打扮卩:组成；形成；构成］Eg.1)It'snottrue.Shemadeitup.

这不是真的。是她编造出来的。2）Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委员会由六位妇女组成。3）Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧弥补了他的容貌缺陷。ofanoldwoman.Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妆扮演成一个老妇人。【拓展】与up相关的短语rdressup弄装打扮'wakeup冠来'宀get叩起床卡站起来]giveup放弃r『tidyup收措；整理(setup建立stayup熬夜；不陲觉up相的短语hurryup怏点-匚beupto是……的职责[pulup搭建；举起-彳turnup调裔；出现[pkkup捡起：接卩jgro理up长大：成熟；成谊]seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon'ttakethesebowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.【教材例句】However,【用法】take...seriously意为“认真对待”。Eg.Weshouldn'ttakemoneytooseriously.我们不应该把金钱看得太重。【拓展】与take相关的短语[takecarecif照顾；歐料qtakesth.away=takcaway『wth琨h.减去：[tak[jdown耳卜一；直卜1/^take\lakeout取出；带出去卜彳相关的卜\短语丿takeafterfib.（外貌或行为）相像（址Wcileasy比紧弛]丿takeoff起E；匆匆takepictures/photos丿瑕科离缶;急忙离开【特色讲解】一、单项选择()istalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua'sshoesareasasZhangHui's.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..一Areyourelaxingyourselfhere一Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible()'sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.make()5.youdon'tgiveup(放弃)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilarhermother.()don'treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim44—5667.()ismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh,laugh,laughing()andhersisterquietandtheysports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.

,but,,but,/C./,though,though()canplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()'sbooksarenewthan.【当堂练习】基础演练一、根据句意及首字母或中文提示完成单词Mydaughtershowsa(天赋)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每个人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(创造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don'tbecareless.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity到目前为止)？一Verygood.Icanseealmost(各种各样的)thingshere.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLindaTomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe(hard-working).一Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013一Sorry,Idon'tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn'tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn'thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).

巩固提高巩固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetiekettogobackhomeAsheknewthatitwould2_himonlytwodaysto_3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtatieketand_5theship.Itwastime6lunch.Hedidn'tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn'tfeel7andwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathecouldn'tstand(忍受)it9“I'mgoingtoeat,”hesaid.“Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.”Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(账单，”hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.“Thereisn'tanybill.”Wastheanswer.“Ontheshipmealsareincluded（包括）inthemoneyfortheticket.”(（包括）inthemoneyfortheticket.”()1.enoughB.ailotofmoney()2.A.spendB.carry()3.A.gettoB.arrive()4.A.withfood1B.without()5.A.gotinB.goton()6.A.toB.have()7.A.troubleB.well()8.A.tooB.so()9.anylongerB.nolonger()10.A.intoB.onC.bringD.takeC.reachD.getfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoodsC.gotoffD.gotatC.forD.foraC.goodD.betterC.suchD./C.anylongerD.nolongC.inD.ontomoneyD.enoughmoneys【当堂检测】一、单项选择。()1.—Excuseme.WhereisthepostofficeSorry,Idon'tknow.I'mnewSorry,Idon'tknow.I'mnewtown.A.inB.onC.atD.from()2.It'sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches()3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourserviceA.some;withB.any;aboutC.any;onD.some;about()4.Ourcitvisbecoming.A.moreandmostbeautifulB.morebeautifulandmorebeautifulC.moreandmorebeautifulD.beautifulandbeautiful()5.一thewoodenchair•It'stoohard.A.WhatdoyoulikeB.HowdoyoulikeC.WhataboutD.Howabout()6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso.A.healthierB.healthiestC.thehealthierD.thehealthiest()7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapestB.cheaperC.theworstD.worse()8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanhim.A.taller;tallestB.taller;tallC.tallest;tallerD.thetallest;taller()9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice'sfamilyisofall.A.busy;busyB.thebusiest;busyC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiest()10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriverA.longriverB.longriversfriendsabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidaysC.longestriversD.longestriver二、根据汉语意思补全下列句子，每空一词这家电影院有最好的音响。Thismovietheaterhas.影视城等待的时间最短。ScreenCityhasthe.那是离你家最近的邮局吗Isthatpostofficeyourhome你可以在鑫鑫服装店买到最便宜的衣服。YoucanbuyclothesinXinxinClothesStore.5•哪家电台播放最无聊的歌曲Whichradiostationsongs三、阅读理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安静的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘记)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”()haveofsummerholidays.sevenweeksmonthsweekweeks()takesusaweekto.bookspensandpencilstoschoolreadyforschool()tell.indoingthingsindoingthingsfoolishastheluggagefriendsabouttheteacherteacheraboutourfriends'holidaysfriendsabouttheteacher()can'tlistentotheteacher.hard()teachersaysthat.forgettoomuchlearnmuchinayearlearnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(彳亍李anhourago,butyouhaven'tputitinthetrain.Whyisn'tithere,andwhehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn'tfindyou.Yourluggageisn'tasfoolishasyouare.You'reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”)Whitewasangrybecausehehisluggagestolen'tfindhisluggage'tliketheporterthetrainbeganmovingWhitedidn'tknowhisluggagestolen'tfindhisluggage'tliketheporterthetrainbeganmovingWhitedidn'tknowtogoluggagewaslosttogoluggagewaslostwasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmovi