考研考博-英语-包头轻工职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-包头轻工职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Weneedtomakesurethatwe（）ourresourcesasfullyaspossible.

问题1选项

A.use

B.exploit

C.employ

D.explore

【答案】B

【解析】考查近义词词义辨析。use“使用”；exploit“开发，开拓”；employ“雇用”；explore“探索，探测”。句意：我们需要确保尽可能全面开发我们的资源。选项B符合题意。

2.翻译题

Chinesecultureisdevelopedaroundcollectivismwhichstressescommunionandharmony.Westerncultureemphasizesindividualism.Intermsofeatingcustoms,chopsticksandknivesandforksaretwodisparateexpressionsofthisculturaldifference.TheChineseliketohavecommunalmealswhereeverybodyeatsoutofthesamebowloffood.Chopstickswereusedinordertodiscouragepeoplefromeatingmorethanothers.Thiswasnotonlyagoodwaytopreservecollectiveness,butalsotolimitindividualism.ItismorestraightforwardintheWest.Peopleeattheirmealsontheirownandthereisnorestrictiononhowtoeat.

【答案】中国文化推崇集体主义，崇尚共有，融合；西方文化崇尚个体。体现在吃饭的方式上就是筷子和刀叉的不同。中国人实行合餐制，用餐的人在一个盘中取食，用筷子可以限制个别人大量取食。如此一来，既保留了集体主义的形态，个人利益又不会受太大影响。西方人就简单一些，每个人吃自己盘里的食物，吃法也没有什么严格限制。

3.单选题

Didyouknowthatwomen’sbrainsaresmallerthanmen’s?Theaveragewomen’sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.Sinceresearchhasshownthatthebiggerthebrain,theclevertheanimal,menmustbemoreintelligentthanwomen.Right?Wrong.Menandwomenalwaysscoresimilarlyonintelligencetests,despitethedifferenceinbrainsize.Why?Afteryearsofstudy,researchershaveconcludedthatit’swhat’sinsidethatmatters,notjustthesizeofbrain.Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.

Ithasbeensuggestedthatsmallerbrainappearstoworkfaster,perhapsbecausethetwosidesofthebrainarebetterconnectedinwomen.Thismeansthatlittlegirlstendtolearntospeakearlier,andthatwomencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.Whenitcomestotalkingtothebossonthephone,cookingdinnerandkeepinganeyeonthebabyailatthesametime,it’swomenwhocomeoutontopeverytime.

Thereareotherimportantdifferencesbetweentwosexes.Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks,menknowbetterwherethingsareinrelationtootherthings.“Agreatfootballeralwaysknowswhereheisinrelationtotheotherplayers,andheknowswheretogo,”saysoneresearcher.Thatmayexplainoneoflife’sgreatmysteries:whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!

Thedifferencesbeginwhenfetusesareaboutnineweeksold,whichcanbeseenintheactionofchildrenasyoungasone.Aboywouldtrytoclimbabarrierbeforehimorpushitdownwhileagirlwouldattracthelpfromothers.Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills.Itmayallgobacktoourancestors,amongwhomwomenneededspeechskillstotakecareoftheirbabiesandmenneededspatialskillstohunt,accordingtotheresearch.

Ifallthisdisappointsyou,itshouldn’t.“Thebrainchangesthroughoutourlivesaccordingtowhatwedowithit.”saysabiologist.

1.Thepassagemainlytellsus（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondandthirdparagraphs?

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouagreewithaccordingtothefourthparagraph?

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinwritingthispassage?

问题1选项

A.thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’sbrains

B.thechangesinbrainthroughoutourlives

C.thatmenarebetteratspatialtasks

D.thatbraindifferencesarerelatedtoourancestors

问题2选项

A.Women’sbrainis10%lessthanmen’s.

B.Greymatterplaysthesameroleaswhitematter.

C.Greymattercontrolsthinkinginthebrain.

D.Bothsexeshavethesameamountofwhitematter.

问题3选项

A.Womenpreferdoingmanythingsatatime.

B.Mendobetterdealingwithonejobatatime.

C.Womendonotneedtotelldirections.

D.Menhaveweakerspatialabilities.

问题4选项

A.Youngboysmaybestrongerthanyounggirls.

B.Morewomentakeupjobsrequiringspeechskills.

C.Womenmayhavestrongerfeelingsthanmen.

D.Ourancestorsneededmorespatialskills.

问题5选项

A.Defensive

B.Persuasive

C.Supportive

D.Objective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章首先通过否定脑袋越大的动物越聪明，所以男性一定比女性聪明的论断来引出文章的中心论点，即男女性在智利方而是没有什么差异的，是他们的大脑构造的不同导致了知识的掌握以及行为等方面的不同。因此选项A“男女性大脑的不同”比较能概括全文。

2.判断推理题。选项A“女性的大脑比男性轻10%”，根据文章第一段Theaveragewomen'sbrainweights10%lessthanmen’s.中的关键词average“平均”可知选项A表述不够准确，不是所有的女性的大脑都比男性轻10%；根据文章第一段中的Thebrainconsistsof“greymatter”and“whitematter”.Whilemenhavemoreofthelatter,theamountof“thinking”brainisalmostexactlythesameinbothsexes.“大脑包括‘大脑灰质”和‘白质’，尽管男性有更多的白质，但男女‘思维’几乎是相同的”可以推断出大脑灰质是“思维型”，而根据文章第三段中的Aswhitematteristhekeytospatialtasks...“由于对于完成需要空间思维的任务至关道要……”可知白质是“空间想象型”，故选项B“灰质和白质所起到的作用相同”和选项D“男女性拥有等量的白质”错误，而选项C“大脑灰质控制思维”正确。

3.判断推理题。根据文章第二段中的womencanunderstandsortsofinformationfromdifferentsourcesatthesametime.“女性大脑可以同吋处理来自不同地方的多种信息”可以推断出选项A“女性愿意同时做多件事”正确；选项B“男性能更好地在一个吋间内处理—件事情”在文章中没有体现；根据文章第三段中的whymenrefusetoaskfordirections...andwomenoftenneedto!“为什么男性不会去询问有关方向的问题，而女性却常常问这样的问题”可知选项C“女性不需要辨别方向”和选项D“男性的空间思维能力更弱”错误，故选A。

4.判断推理题。根据第四段的Thesebraindifferencesalsoexplainthefactthatmorementakeupjobsthatrequiregoodspatialskillswhilemorewomenspeechskills(这些大脑的区别解释了一种实际现象一一大部分男性都会从事需要很好的空间思维能力的工作而女性却从事需要语言技巧的工作),可推断出选项B“更多的女性从事需要语言技巧的工作”正确。

5.观点态度题。这是一篇具有科普类性质的文章，科普类的一般是客观的，故答案选项为D“客观的”。

4.单选题

Thesystemwasoriginallydeployedtopreciselylocatethepositionsofsoldiers,weapons,andtargetsby（

）geodeticlatitudeandlongitudecoordinates.

问题1选项

A.pinpointing

B.pointing

C.putting

D.recognizing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。pinpoint意为“确定，准确地指出”；point意为“指出”；put意为“放”；recognize意为“认出”。

句意：该系统最初是通过找出大地纬度和经度坐标来精确定位士兵、武器和目标的位置。

5.单选题

Russia’seconomy—untilrecentlyoneofthefastestgrowinginEurope—isindirestraits.Traditionalindustriessuchassteelarehurtingbadly.Thedecade-longconsumerboomhasturnedintoaslumpasunemploymentsoars.Thegovernmenthascashtospendafteryearsofsensiblebudgetpolicies,butthecentralbankwillbeforcedtokeepinterestrateshighaslongasinflationisstuckindoubledigitsandtrustintherubleremainsshaky.

ThereversalinRussia’seconomicfortunesisparticularlypainful.Since1998—theyearofRussia’slastfinancialcrisis—theeconomyhasexpandedeight-fold.Asoilpricesrocketed,sodidthecountry’sself-confidence.Notcontentwithpresidingovertheeconomicboom,thePresidentVladimirPutinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.Inthesummerof2008,RussiantankstrundledintoGeorgia.Inearly2009,adisputewithneighboringUkraineledRussiatocutoffgasflows,leavingpeopleinsomeEuropeanUnioncountriesfreezingandfactoriesidle.MostEuropeanswanttoseeRussiastableandwell-off.Buttheyalsobelievethattheeconomiccrisismightbringopportunitiesforapoliticalrapprochement.SomehopethattherecessionmightjustmaketheRussianleadershipalittlemorehumbleoratleasttriggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfortheE.U.tostrengthentradeandinvestmentlinks.

ButwhileRussia’srelationswiththeU.S.havebeenthawingsinceBarackObamatookovertheWhiteHouse,E.U.-Russiarelationsremainfrosty.Talksaboutanewbilateraltreatyonpoliticalandeconomiccooperationhavemadelittleheadway.HopesforafreetradeagreementbetweenBrusselsandMoscowhavewitheredafterRussiaputitsapplicationformembershipintheWorldTradeOrganizationonice.E.U.-Russiaenergycooperationremainsstuck,whichincreasestheriskofyetanothergascrisis.EuropeanshaverespondedtoMoscow’sideasaboutconstructinga“newEuropeansecurityarchitecture”withadistinctlackofenthusiasm.

Mostimportantly,perhaps,RussiaisincensedaboutE.U.effortstodrawthecountriesthatliebetweentheE.U.andRussiacloserintoitsorbit.RussiahastraditionallyregardedUkraine,Belarus,MoldovaandotherformerSovietstatesalongitsborderasits“privilegedsphereofinfluence”,inthewordsofPresidentDmitryMedvedev.TheE.U.’snew“EasternPartnership”initiative,launchedinMay,offersthesecountrieseconomicintegrationandstrongerpoliticalties.AlthoughtheE.U.hasshiedawayfromtalkingabouttheprospectofmembership,howeverdistant,ithopestohelpitseasternneighborstobecomericher,morestableandmoredemocratic.ThiswouldleavethembetterequippedtowithstandRussianmeddlingandbullying.

MoscowisparticularlyunhappyabouttheE.U.’soffertoincludeBelarus—traditionallyastaunchMoscowally—intheEasternPartnership,albeitontheconditionthatMinskimproveitsshoddyhuman-rightsrecord.WhentheE.U.recentlyofferedamultibillion-dollarloantohelpmodernizetheUkrainianpipelinesystem—conduitfor70%ofRussiangassalestoEurope一Russianleaderswerefurious.MoscowhasalsotriedtofoilEuropeanattemptstobuildstrongerenergylinkswithAzerbaijan.PotentialforconflictexistsinGeorgia,whereE.U.observersaretheonlyonesleftafterRussiaforceOrganizationforSecurityandCooperationinEuropeandUnitedNations’monitorstoleaveAbkhaziaandSouthOssetia.

WaryofcedinginfluencetoEurope,theRussianshavesteppedupeffortstomaintaintheirtraditionalfightingweightintheregion.TheyhavegivenlargeloanstoneighborshitbytheeconomiccrisisandsoughttostrengthenregionalsecurityandeconomicorganizationsthattietheirneighborsclosertoMoscow.Theyhavealsotakenamorehands-onapproachto“frozenconflicts”inMoldovaandtheCaucasustokeepneighboringgovernmentsontheirtoes.

E.U.officialsliketoinsistthatitseasternpolicydoesnotclashwithRussianinterestsintheircommonneighborhood.TheyhaveaskedRussiatotakepartinsomeregionalinitiativessuchasanefforttostrengthenenergysecurity.Sofar,though,Russiahasrefusedtoplayball.ButtheE.U.cannotsimplypullbackandallowRussiatodominateEasternEurope.Itmuststickfirmlytoitsobjectiveofhelpingitsneighborstodecidetheirowndestiny.IfEuropeistoremaincredible,thereisnoothercourseworthpursuing.

1.Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestdescribethisarticle?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetoneofthepassage?

3.Fortheauthor,whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribesPresidentPutin’sattitude?

4.Whatdoesthephrase“ontheirtoes”mean?

5.Fortheauthor,whichofthefollowingshouldbeconsideredatopprioritytoensurepeaceandstabilityinEasternEurope?

问题1选项

A.EuropeandRussia’sContinentalRift.

B.Russia’sGeopoliticalRole.

C.FinancialandEconomicMayheminRussia.

D.CrisisAvertedbetweenRussiaandE.U.

问题2选项

A.Argumentative.

B.Satirical.

C.Objective.

D.Critical.

问题3选项

A.Diplomatic.

B.Pugnacious.

C.Pusillanimous.

D.Infantile.

问题4选项

A.Torenderneighboringgovernmentsimpotent.

B.Toweakentheresolveoftheneighboringgovernments.

C.Tokeeptheneighboringgovernmentsonastateofconstantalert.

D.Togainthesupportoftheneighboringgovernments.

问题5选项

A.TheE.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.

B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.

C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.

D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.

E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.E.U.shouldacknowledgeRussia’spanEuropeaninitiatives.B.Russia’snewsecurityandenergyinitiativeswillfosterpanEuropeancooperation.C.Russiamustagreetopromotebilateral,multilateralandregionaleconomiccooperation.D.BilateralcontactsbetweenRussiaandindividualE.U.memberstatesreinforceratherthanunderminecommonE.U.objectives.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.主旨大意题。文章开头首先提到俄罗斯的经济遭遇困境，接着说到俄罗斯对于欧盟想要将邻国拉入势力范围的做法感到愤怒，并提到俄罗斯加紧在欧盟保持自己的战斗力。因此文章主要讲述的就是欧盟和俄罗斯在欧洲的分歧和争端。A选项符合题意。

第2题:2.主旨大意题。文章使用了一些词汇：dispute“争端；争执”、incense“激怒”、“particularlyunhappy“极度不高兴的”等词语，可知整体语气倾向于A选项argumentative“好争论的”。

第3题:3.观点态度题。本题问的是PresidentPutin的态度。文章第二段提到了“Putinvowedtorestorehiscountry’sgreatpowerstatus.TalksaboutapartnershipwiththeWestgavewaytobelligerentstatementsaboutanewColdWar.”他发誓要恢复俄罗斯的大国地位，好战的言论代替了与西方合作的谈话。因此B选项pugnacious“好战的；好斗的”符合题意。

第4题:4.词义题。词条出现在倒数第二段最后“Theyhavealsotakenamorehands-onapproachto‘frozenconflicts’inMoldovaandtheCaucasustokeepneighboringgovernmentsontheirtoes.”他们对邻国地区和政府采取了一些措施，只会使邻国政府提高警惕，ontheirtoes就表示“警觉的”，C选项符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。文章第二段提到“Somehopethattherecessionmight…triggerreformsthatwouldmakeiteasierfortheE.U.tostrengthentradeandinvestmentlinks”，一些人希望经济衰退能促使俄罗斯进行改革，这将使欧盟更容易增加贸易和投资。因此在作者看来，关键就在于俄罗斯，C选项“俄罗斯必须同意促进双边、多边和区域经济合作”符合题意。

6.单选题

Afakecanbedefinedasanartworkintendedtodeceive.Themotivesofitscreatoraredecisive,andthemeritoftheobjectitselfisaseparateissue.ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake?TheArtofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal?Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.

ThegreaterpartofFake?isdevotedtoachronologicalsurveysuggestingthatfakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.InmedievalEurope,becauseartwascelebratedmoreforitsdevotionalusesthanforitsprovenanceortheingenuityofitscreators,thefakingofartwasvirtuallynonexistent.ThemodernageoffakingbeganintheItalianRenaissance,withtwolinkeddevelopments:apassionateidentificationwiththeworldofantiquityandagrowingsenseofindividualartisticidentity.ApatronoftheyoungMichelangeloprevailedupontheartisttomakehisSculptureSleepingCupidlookasthoughithadbeenburiedintheearthsothat“itwillbetakenforantique,andyouwillsellitmuchbetter.”Withinafewyears,however,beginningwithhisfirstmasterpiece,theBacchus,Michelangelohadshownhiscontemporariesthatgreatartcanassimilateandtranscendwhatcamebefore,resultinginawhollyoriginalwork.Soonhisgeniusmadehimtheobjectofimitators.

Fake?Alsoremindsusthatincertainculturesauthenticityisaforeignconcept.ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.Asanillustration,thestudycomparestwoversionsofachiwaramaskmadebytheBambarapeopleofMali.Onehaspegsallowingittobeattachedtoacapforitsintendedceremonialpurpose.Thesecond,otherwiseidentical,lacksthepegsandisareplicamadeforsale.Africancarvingisnotoriouslydifficulttodate,buteveniftheritualmaskisrecent,madeperhapstoreplaceadamagedpredecessor,andthereplicamucholder,onlytheritualmaskshouldbeseenasauthentic,foritistiedtotheform’soriginalfunction.That,atleast,istheconsensusoftheso-calledexperts.OnewonderswhethertheBambaranartistswouldagree.

56.Thepassagecanbestbedescribedasdoingwhichoneofthefollowing?

57.Whichoneofthefollowingbestexpressestheauthor’smainpoint?

58.TheauthorprovidesatleastoneexampleofeachofthefollowingEXCEPT______.

59.Theauthorimplieswhichoneofthefollowingabouttheartisticmeritsoffakes?

60.Bythestandarddescribedinthelastparagraphofthepassage,whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeconsideredauthentic?

问题1选项

A.Reconcilingvariedpointsofview.

B.Chroniclingtheevolutionofaphenomenon.

C.Exploringacomplexquestion.

D.Advocatinganewapproach.

问题2选项

A.Whetheraworkofartisfakeornotislessimportantthanwhetherithasartisticmerit.

B.Itispossibletoshowthataworkofartisfake,buttheauthenticityofaworknotbeprovedconclusively.

C.Avarietyofcircumstancesmakeitdifficulttodeterminewhetheraworkofartcanappropriatelybecalledafake.

D.Thefakingofarthasoccurredthroughouthistoryandinvirtuallyeveryculture.

问题3选项

A.categoriesofartthatareneitherwhollyfakenorwhollyoriginal

B.contemporaryartistswhoseworkshaveinspiredfakes

C.qualitiesthatartcollectorshaveprizedintheiracquisitions

D.culturesinwhichthefakingofartflourished

问题4选项

A.Afakemayormaynothaveartisticmeritinitsownright,regardlessofthecircumstancesofitsproduction.

B.Whetherafakehasartisticmeritdependsonwhetheritscreatorisaccomplishedasanartist.

C.Theartisticmeritoffakedependsonthemeritoftheoriginalworkthatinspiredthefake.

D.Afakecanbesaidtohaveartisticmeritonlyiftheattempteddeceptionissuccessful.

问题5选项

A.AnancientRomancopyofanancientGreeksculpture.

B.Amodernreconstructionofamedievalaltarpiecedesignedtoserveitstraditionalroleinaserviceofworship.

C.Aprintofapaintingsignedbytheartistwhopaintedtheoriginal.

D.ApaintingbegunbyRenaissancemasterandfinishedbyhisassistantsafterhisdeath.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】56.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“这篇文章可以最好的描述为在做下列哪一种事情？”。通读全文可知，都在从各个角度讲述赝品其实是另外一件艺术品这样一个复杂的问题，作者认为虽然创造者的动机是欺骗性的，但是这件艺术品本身的特质是另外一回事；而且在文中作者举了相关的例子加以说明，例如第二段第二句InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在罗马帝国时期，人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣，因此也热衷于伪造艺术品。毫无疑问，现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑）提到，罗马的艺术品很多是希腊当时的仿造品，但是现在仍然被视为珍宝。通过分析，C项“探索一个复杂的问题”符合题意。A项“调和不同的观点”，文中没有提到不同的观点；B项“记录某一现象的演变”，文中也没有记录赝品现象的演变；D项“提倡新方法”不符合文章大意。因此该题选C。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下列哪个选项最好地表达了作者的主要观点？”。根据文章的第一段Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？Andthetextbeginsbynothingavarietyofpossibilitiessomewherebetweenthetwoextremes.Theseincludeworksbyanartist’sfollowersinthestyleofthemaster,deliberatearchaism,copyingforpedagogicalpurposes,andtheproductionofcommercialfacsimiles.（事实上，它可能同样被命名为“原创？”；而且这篇文章一开始就没有任何可能性介于这两个极端之间；其中包括大师风格的追随者的作品、有意的古语、为教学目的的复制以及商业复制品的生产）可知，一件艺术品在各种情况下都没有可能性确定是赝品，所以C项“在各种各样的情况下，很难确定一件艺术品是否可以被恰当地称为赝品”符合题意。A项“一件艺术品是否赝品并不重要，重要的是它是否有艺术价值”，根据最后一段第二句ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时，很多非洲艺术品都是如此）可知，一件艺术品的重要之处还在于它的功能，A项片面，所以不选；B项“有可能证明一件艺术品是赝品，但无法最终证明一件艺术品的真伪”，文中提到没有任何可能证明一件艺术品是赝品，B项错误；D项“艺术造假在历史上和几乎每一种文化中都屡见不鲜”，选项本身没有错误，但是这不是文章主要的内容，文章主要是讨论赝品和艺术品的之间的区别和关系。因此该题选C。

58.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“除了哪一项之外，作者至少为下列每一项提供了一个例子？”。A项“既非完全赝品也非完全原创的艺术类别”，根据文章第一段ThequestionmarkinthetitleofMarkJones’sFake？TheActofDeceptionrevealsthestudy’sbroaderconcerns.Indeed,itmightequallybeentitledOriginal？（马克•琼斯的《赝品：欺骗的艺术》一书，标题中的问号揭示了该研究更广泛的担忧。事实上，它可能同样被命名为“原创?”）可知，A项有所提及；B项“当代艺术家的作品激发了赝品的创作灵感”，文中没有相关提及的例子；根据第二段第一句fakingfeedsonthemanydifferentmotivespeoplehaveforcollectingart,andthat,onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes.（造假会助长人们收藏艺术品的多种不同动机，而且，总体而言，艺术收藏繁荣的时候，造假也就繁荣起来）可知，C项“这些品质是艺术收藏家在他们的藏品中所珍视的”和D项“伪造艺术盛行的文化”都有提及，只有B选项没有提到。因此该题选B。

59.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者暗示了下列哪一项是关于赝品的艺术价值？”。根据第二段第一句onthewhole,thefakingofartflourisheswheneverartcollectingflourishes（总体而言，艺术收藏繁荣的时候，造假也就繁荣起来）可知，赝品有没有艺术价值，取决于艺术收藏是否盛行，所以A项“一件赝品本身可能有也可能没有艺术价值，与它的生产环境无关”符合题意。B项“一个赝品是否有艺术价值，取决于它的创作者是否作为一个艺术家完成”，根据第二段InimperialRometherewasawidespreadinterestincollectingearlierGreekart,andthereforeinfakingit.Nodoubtmanyofthesculpturesnowexhibitedas“Romancopies”wereoriginallypassedoffasGreek.（在罗马帝国时期，人们对收藏早期希腊艺术品有着广泛的兴趣，因此也热衷于伪造艺术品；毫无疑问，现在作为“罗马复制品”展出的许多雕塑最初被冒充为希腊雕塑）可知，一个赝品是否有价值和它的创作者是不是艺术家无关，B项错误；C项“赝品的艺术价值取决于激发赝品灵感的原作的价值”，最后一段第二句提到ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时，很多非洲艺术品都是如此），由此可知赝品的艺术价值也可以取决于它的功能；D项“一件赝品只有在欺骗成功的情况下才可以说是有艺术价值的”，内容与文章不符。因此该题选A。

60.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“根据文章最后一段所描述的标准，下列哪项会被认为是可信的？”。文章中最后一段第二句指出ThisistrueofmuchAfricanart,whentheauthenticityofanobjectisconsideredbycollectorstodependonitsfunction.（当收藏家认为一件物品的真伪取决于它的功能时，很多非洲艺术品都是如此），由此可知只有当收藏家是基于它的功能而把它视为艺术的时候，它才是真的；所以B项“现代重建的中世纪祭坛作品，为在礼拜仪式中发挥其传统作用而设计的”符合题意。A项“古希腊雕塑的古罗马复制品”不是最后一段的内容；C项“由原画作者签名的一幅画的复制品”和D项“一幅由文艺复兴时期的大师开始，在他死后由他的助手完成的画”在文中没有相关的出处。因此该题选B。

7.单选题

______formanyyears,thenovelistsuddenlybecamefamous.

问题1选项

A.Havingignoredhim

B.Tobeignored

C.Havingbeenignored

D.Tohavebeenignored

【答案】C

【解析】考查分词作状语。题中的ignored和thenovelist是动宾关系，而不是主谓关系，即“被忽视”，故可排除表主动意义的A选项Havingignoredhim；B选项Tobeignored是不定式的被动式，表示将来意义，与句意不符；C选项Havingbeenignored现在分词的完成被动式表示动作的完成，与主语的关系是逻辑上的被动；D选项tohavebeendone不能放句首。句意：被忽视了许多年后，这位小说家突然出名了。因此C选项正确。

8.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

当科学家希望用一种声音说话时，他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式：共识报告。其理念是：将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法，但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标，并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而，形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

9.单选题

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly______theirtrainers.

问题1选项

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。imitate“模仿，效仿”；condone“宽恕”；instruct“指导，命令”；acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意：一些人类学家声称，一些类人猿已经学会了基本的手语，但是疑论者认为这些类人猿只是模仿他们的训练员。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard.“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn’tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan’smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anade