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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京外国语大学押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Jennies,theformerchairmanoftheoilcompany,criticizesseverelyhis(

)whosefalsejudgmentledthecompanytobankruptcy.

问题1选项

A.successor

B.offspring

C.predecessor

D.forefather

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。successor意为“接替者,继任者,接替的人或事物”;offspring意为“后代,子孙”;predecessor意为“前任,前辈”;forefather意为“祖先,祖宗”。由theformerchairman(前董事长)可推测空格处指的他的继任者,因此选A。

句意:前石油公司董事长詹尼尔斯严厉批评他的继任者,他的错误判断导致公司破产。

2.单选题

TheGermancompanyretaineda()positioninhormoneresearch.

问题1选项

A.chair

B.pole

C.soap

D.floor

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项chair“椅子;讲座;主席位;大学教授的职位”;B选项pole“杆;极点;电极”;C选项soap“肥皂;将肥皂涂在……上;对……拍马屁”;D选项floor“地板,地面;楼层;基底;议员席”。poleposition指的是方程式赛车中的“竿位”,即决赛中排在第一位出发的选手。“竿位”由决赛前排位赛中成绩最好的车手获得。此外,poleposition还可表示“跑道内圈;有利位置”。句意:这家德国公司在激素研究方面保持着有利地位。因此B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thegirl’s()conditionwasduetothefactthatshecouldn’tfindaperfectdressforhomecoming.

问题1选项

A.moot

B.prestigious

C.abject

D.meretricious

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moot“无实际意义的;未决议的”;B选项prestigious“有名望的;享有声望的”;C选项abject“卑鄙的;不幸的;可怜的;(境况)凄惨的”;D选项meretricious“俗气的;华丽而庸俗的”。句意:这位女孩可怜的状况是因她不能为校友返校节而找到一件完美的礼服。根据句意可知C选项正确。

4.不定项选择题

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness”(Line1,Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

问题1选项

A.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles’extinction

B.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive.

C.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

D.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

问题2选项

A.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

B.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

C.Theturtlepopulationhaddecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

D.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

问题3选项

A.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.

B.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

C.Contaminationofseawater

D.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

问题4选项

A.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

B.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

C.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

D.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。A选项“政府的官僚作风导致了海龟的灭绝”;B选项“人类活动已经改变了海龟的生存方式。”;C选项“海洋生物学家正在寻找海龟繁殖的秘密”;D选项“人们已经采取措施保护海龟免于灭绝”。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

(人们对它们给予了如此多的关注,你可能会认为这些生物至少会心存感激,不会走向灭绝。)这里可知答案选D。B、C选项文章没有提及;根据第一段倒数第二句话AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines(为了保护它们在大西洋沿岸的主要筑巢地,政府已经竖起了一道强大的官僚主义墙)A选项错误。

第2题:推理判断题。题干:作者说“大自然对人类的公平观念漠不关心”的意图是什么。A选项“大自然的进程不会因为人类的干扰而改变”;B选项“在海归的存活上大自然还是很公平的”;C选项“尽管人类在保护它但是海龟的数量在减少”;D选项“海龟天然地对人类活动不感兴趣”。根据第二段第一句…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,…(……鱼类及野生动物管理局的一份报告显示,北大西洋几种海龟的数量出现了令人担忧的下降……)从这里可知答案选C,其他选项,第二自然段没有提及。

第3题:事实细节题。题干:伊丽莎白•格里芬认为什么是对海龟生存的主要威胁。A选项“他们的生育能力低”;B选项“他们的食物不足”;C选项“污染的海水”;D选项“无节制的商业捕鱼”。根据题干定位到第三段第二、三句话…wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendinocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.(……我们忽视了在海洋中度过的岁月。“威胁来自商业捕鱼,”格里芬说。拖网渔船(在水中和海底拖着大网)和长线渔船(可以在鱼线上部署数千个鱼钩,可以延伸数英里)对海龟造成严重伤害。),因此,答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。题干:气候变暖对海龟有什么影响。A选项“不断上升的海平面使它们的幼崽难以生长。”;B选项“它威胁着它们产卵的沙滩”;C选项“它们需要更长的时间来适应海滩的高温”;D选项“不断变化的气候使它们的卵难以孵化”。根据题干定位到最后一段倒数第二句话Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythreatofrisinglevelsastheoceanswarm.(海龟产卵的狭长海滩一边因开发而受到挤压,另一边则因海洋变暖而面临海平面上升的威胁。)所以答案选B。

5.单选题

Corporationsasagroupofferavarietyofjobs.Mostlargecompaniessendpeopletocollegestocollegestointerviewgraduatingstudentswiththerequiredacademictraining.Alargeuniversitymayhavemorethan500companiesayearknockingonitsdoors.Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.

Corporations,however,illustratetherulethatthebiggestisn’talwaysthebest.Manysmallfirmswithjustafewhundredemployeeshavepositionsthatmaycorrespondwithyourprofessiongoals,too.Suchfirmsmaynothavethetime,money,orneedtosendpeoplearoundtoyourcollege;you’llprobablyhavetocontactthemyourselfeitherdirectlyorthroughanemploymentagency.Don’tignoretheselittlecompanies.Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.

Forexample,asmallcompanymayneedabrightengineering,accountingormanagementgraduatewhowouldreportdirectlytotheseniorvice-presidentofengineering,thecompanycontroller,orthegeneralmanager.Inlargerfirmsitmaytakeyearstoreachlevelandaccumulatesimilarin-depthexperience.Inaddition,responsibilitiesmaycomefasterinasmallfirmwithlessspecializationandfewerlower-levelemployeestoreceivedelegatedauthority.

1.Thepurposeofthepassageis().

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEoflargecorporations?

3.Theword“Their”(paragraph2,line6)refersto().

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofsmallfirm?

5.Withwhomisthepassagemostprobablyconcerned?

问题1选项

A.todefinecorporationsandfirms

B.toshowtherelationbetweenfirmsandcolleges

C.toinformthejob-seekeroftheemploymentrequirements

D.togiveadescriptionofcorporationsforcollegestudents

问题2选项

A.Theyonlyemploycollegegraduates.

B.Theycanoffermanyjobopportunities.

C.Theyhavemanysub-companiesnationwide.

D.Theirrequirementsareverycompetitive.

问题3选项

A.corporations’

B.graduatingstudents’

C.smallfirms’

D.employers’

问题4选项

A.Itmaybeunnecessaryforthemtosendpeopletocolleges.

B.Theiremployeesmaybepromotedmorequickly.

C.Theymayofferpositionswhichyoudemand.

D.Theycannotaffordtosendpeopletocollege.

问题5选项

A.Students

B.Employers

C.Employees

D.Engineers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文开篇为我们介绍corporations的一些特点:corporations提供各种类型的工作;平均每年有超过500家corporations会派面试人员去高校找寻合适的高校毕业人才;大公司有相对完善的职工培训和退休机制,每年的年产值能创造出上千个工作岗位。接下来说明大企业也有一些缺陷,这些缺陷正是小公司的优势所在,为此作者还详细说明了这些优势的具体表现。文章最后举例说明与大企业相比较,小公司对毕业生而言的优势。本文通过比较论证让我们更加清楚什么是corporation。A选项“定义corporations和firms”;B选项“展示公司和大学之间的关系”;C选项“告知求职者有关的就业要求”都不符合题意,D选项“为大学生描述公司”正确,因此D选项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第一段“Bigfirmsareyourbestplaceforajobbecausetheirnormalgrowth,employeeretirements,andturnovercreatethousandsofjobsnationwideeachyear.(大公司是最适合工作的地方,因为它们的正常增长、员工退休和人员流动每年在全国范围内创造了成千上万的工作机会。)”可知大企业工作机会很多。A选项“他们只雇佣大学毕业生”说法错误;B选项“他们可以提供很多工作机会”正确;C选项“他们在全国有很多子公司”和D选项“他们的职位需求很有竞争力”文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段第五句话“Theirsalariesareusuallycompetitiveandthechancesforadvancementandrecognitionevenstrongerthanthoseofabigfirm.(他们的薪水通常很有竞争力,晋升和认可的机会甚至比大公司还要大。)”。由此可知这里是拿大公司的薪水与小公司的薪水相比。A选项“公司的”;B选项“毕业生的”;D选项“老板的”都不符合题意,C选项“小公司的”符合题意,因此C选项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文章第二段最后一句“Youcouldbecomeabigfishinasmallpond,reachingahigh-levelpositionmorequicklythanyouwouldifyouhadclimbedthemostcompetitiveladderofacorporategiant.(你可以成为一个小池塘里的大鱼,比你爬上一个公司巨头竞争最激烈的阶梯更快地到达另一个高层位置。)”可知小公司提供的职位比你想要的还高。A选项“他们可能没有必要送人上大学”;B选项“他们的员工可能会升职更快”;D选项“他们供不起员工上大学”文章都有提到,C选项“他们可能提供你需要的职位”说法错误,因此C选项正确。

5.主旨大意题。从文中第一段说很多大企业去校园进行招聘并述说了你在大或者小企业里各自所获他们各自的工作优势,可知本文是想给那些学生尤其是即将毕业的学生介绍一些有关大企业和小公司的特点,为他们就业提供更多参考。A选项“学生”;B选项“雇主”;C选项“员工”;D选项“工程师”。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory().

问题1选项

A.anevaluationisdifficult

B.isdifficulttoevaluate

C.difficulttoevaluateit

D.itisdifficulttoevaluate

【答案】B

【解析】考查句子成分。Thetotalinfluenceofliteratureuponthecourseofhumanhistory“文学对人类历史进程的全部影响”为主语,没有谓语或系动词,无法构成完整的句子结构,C选项内没有谓语动词或系动词,代入也无法组成完整的句子,错误;A,D选项都有各自的主语,和题干的主语重复,错误;B选项代入能构成完整的句子,因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Agoodwayto(

)alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

问题1选项

A.require

B.acquire

C.inquire

D.sustain

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。require“需要”;acquire“获得,取得;学到”;inquire“询问,查究”;sustain“维持,支撑”。句意:学习一种语言的好方式是跟那里的本地人一样居住在那个国家。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Itonlytookafewsecondsforhertosize()thesituation.

问题1选项

A.over

B.up

C.on

D.to

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查sizeup“打量;估计……的大小;判断”,其他的选项都没有这种搭配。句意:她只花了几秒钟审时度势。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

AfewyearsagoaloneAmericancampaignerwroteabookinwhichhesetoutthemainpointsofhisfascinatingcrusade―toabolishtelevision.HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.

JerryMander,aformeradvertisingexpertisconvincedthatforthesakeofourfreedom,andmentalandphysicalhealth,weshouldlearntolivewithoutTV.ThroughhisadvertisingbackgroundManderisawarehowmuchoftelevisionisconcernedwithadvertising.Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.And,evenwithoutcommercials,heseesTVasdisturbingbecauseitcramspeople’sheadswithimageswhichalterthewaytheyfeelandbehave.Picturesformedby300,000tinydancingdotsaltering30timespersecond,bombardtheireyesaspeoplescantheimages10timesasecond.Thebrainregistersandstoresall30images,buttheconsciousmindregistersfarfewer.But,arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.

HefurtherarguesthatTVisdeadeningexperienceasitisrestrictedtojusttwosenses—sightandsound.“Perceptionisdulledandflattered”,saysMander,“whenyoucan’tfeelandsmellandtotallyexperienceanevent.”Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.Nocultureinhistoryhasspentsuchanenormousamountoftimelookingatartificiallight,saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,whichiswhyitisbeingusedforcertainmedicaltreatment.Researchersdonotknowiflife-longTVexposureisaphysicalriskornot,butasManderwouldargue,whyruntherisk?Itisimportantthatpeoplegetupnowandswitchoffbeforetheharmisdone,theymightalsobecomebrainwashed,orwhoknow,theymightevenbeapproachingdeath.

1.FourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisabookwhich().

2.JerryManderobjectstoTVadvertisingmainlybecause().

3.Manderthinkspeople’sfeelingsandbehaviourarechangingbecause().

4.BywatchingTVforseveralhourseverynight,Manderimpliesthat().

5.MandersuggeststhatviewingTVoverlongperiodsoftime().

问题1选项

A.causeddistresstomanyAmericans

B.achievedgreatsuccessoverseas

C.arousednation-wideinterest

D.expressedtheviewsofafascinatingman

问题2选项

A.theunderlyingprinciplesconcernmoney-making

B.itisineffectualingettingitsmessageacross

C.afewpeoplearedeeplydisturbedbyit

D.thevaluesitconveysareacceptedbyall

问题3选项

A.thebrainisdamagedbytoomuchsittingbeforethetelevision

B.theconsciousmindisincapableoffilteringimagestothebrain

C.theireyesscanaTVscreen10timesasecond

D.theconsciousmindisunabletorejecttheimageitsees

问题4选项

A.peoplewouldlosetheuseoftheirothersenses

B.people’sexperienceoflifewouldbecomedeadened

C.people’sabilitytorespondtoeventswouldlessen

D.peoplewouldcometodependononlytwosenses

问题5选项

A.couldleadtodeath

B.mightcausebraindamage

C.couldendangerpeople’shealth

D.wouldmakecellsmalignant

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“HisbookFourArgumentsfortheEliminationofTelevisionisanAmericancultbestseller,andaftereighteditionsitisstillgeneratingconcernandsavagedebateintheUSA.”,可知《消除电视的四个理由》是美国的狂热畅销书,经过八个版本之后,仍在美国引起关注和激烈的辩论。可判断出这本书引起了全国的兴趣。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段,“Heseestheplantingofvaluesforprofitasadeep,profoundanddisturbingactbythefewagainstthemany,foratrivialpurpose.”,可知他认为,广告是为了利益而植入价值观,是少数人为了一个不重要的目的对多数人采取的一种深刻而烦扰的行为。可判断出JerryMander反对电视广告主要是因为其基本原则与利益相关。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第二段,“…arguesMander,evenifyourejectordoubtwhatyouseeconsciously,itistoolate,thecrucialmessageshavegonehome.”,可知曼德认为,即使你有意识地拒绝或怀疑你所看到的一切,也为时已晚,关键的信息已经传达到家了。可判断出曼德认为人们的情感和行为正在发生变化的原因在于有意识的大脑无法过滤传递到大脑的信息,人们已经潜意识里受到了影响。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第三段,“Peoplearejustsittingpassivelyforuptofourhoursanightwatchingaflickeringscreenandlisteningtoartificialsound.”,可知人们只是被动地坐着,每晚看四个小时闪烁的屏幕,听虚拟的声音。可推断出曼德认为,每晚看几个小时的电视会使人们变得被动,反应能力会减弱。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“saysMander,andanotherworryingfactisthatprolongedexposuretoartificiallightaltershumancells,”,可知曼德认为,另一个令人担忧的事实是,长时间暴露在人造光下会改变人类细胞。可判断出长时间看电视对人体健康有害。选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Thecentury-oldhostilitiesbetweenthetwotribeseventuallyterminatedthroughthepersistenteffortsofthelocalgovernment.

问题1选项

A.diminished

B.shrunk

C.vanished

D.worsened

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:经过当地政府的不懈努力,两个部落之间长达一个世纪的敌对关系终于结束了。A选项diminish“减少,缩小”;B选项shrink“收缩,回避”;C选项vanish“消失”;D选项worsen“恶化”。根据句意可知,这里指敌意消失了,terminate意为“终止,结束”,所以选项C与之意思相近,代入符合语境。

11.单选题

Sinceitsinception,Pakistanhasstriveddesperatelyto_____India,cultivatingtieswithanystatewillingtohelpit.

问题1选项

A.counteract

B.counterfeited

C.counterchange

D.counterbalance

【答案】A

【解析】counteract对抗,阻碍,中和;counterfeit伪造,假冒;counterchange交换,调换;counterbalance抵消,平衡。句意:从一开始,巴基斯坦就拼命对抗印度,与任何愿意帮助它的国家建立联系。选项A符合句意。

12.单选题

Manythingsmakepeoplethinkartistsareweird.Buttheweirdestmaybethis:artists’onlyjobistoexploreemotions,andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad.

Thiswasn’talwaysso.Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.

Youcouldarguethatartbecamemoreskepticalofhappinessbecausemoderntimeshaveseensomuchmisery.Butit’snotasifearliertimesdidn’tknowperpetualwar,disasterandthemassacreofinnocents.Thereason,infact,maybejusttheopposite:thereistoomuchdamnhappinessintheworldtoday.

Afterall,whatistheonemodernformofexpressionalmostcompletelydedicatedtodepictinghappiness?Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.

Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.

TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligiousbutcommercial,andforeverhappy.Fast-foodeaters,newsanchors,textmessengers,allsmiling,smiling,smiling.Ourmagazinesfeaturebeamingcelebritiesandhappyfamiliesinperfecthomes.Andsincethesemessageshaveanagenda—tolureustoopenourwallets—theymaketheveryideaofhappinessseemunreliable,“Celebrate!”commandedtheadsforthearthritisdrugCelebrex,beforewefoundoutitcouldincreasetheriskofheartattacks.

Butwhatweforget—whatoureconomydependsonusforgetting—isthathappinessismorethanpleasurewithoutpain.Thethingsthatbringthegreatestjoycarrythegreatestpotentialforlossanddisappointment.Today,surroundedbypromisesofeasyhappiness,weneedarttotellus,asreligiononcedid,Mementomori:rememberthatyouwilldie,thateverythingends;andthathappinesscomesnotindenyingthisbutinlivingwithit.It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.

51.BycitingtheexamplesofpoetsWordsworthandBaudelaire,theauthorintendstoshowthat______.

52.Theword“bummer”(Line5,paragraph5)mostprobablymeanssomething______.

53.Intheauthor’sopinion,advertising______.

54.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheauthorbelieves______.

55.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

问题1选项

A.poetrynotasexpressiveofjoyaspaintingormusic

B.artgrowsoutofbothpositiveandnegativefeelings

C.poetstodayarelessskepticalofhappiness

D.artistshavechangedtheirfocusofinterest

问题2选项

A.religious

B.unpleasant

C.entertaining

D.commercial

问题3选项

A.emergesinthewakeoftheanti-happyart

B.isacauseofdisappointmentforthegeneralpublic

C.replacesthechurchasamajorsourceofinformation

D.createsanillusionofhappinessratherthanhappinessitself

问题4选项

A.happinessmoreoftenthannotendsinsadness

B.theanti-happyartisdistastefulbutrefreshing

C.miseryshouldbeenjoyedratherthandenied

D.theanti-happyartflourisheswheneconomybooms

问题5选项

A.Religiononcefunctionedasareminderofmisery.

B.Artprovidesabalancebetweenexpectationandreality.

C.Peoplefeeldisappointedattherealitiesofmodernsociety.

D.Massmediaareinclinedtocoverdisastersanddeaths.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】51.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“通过引用诗人华兹华斯和波德莱尔的例子,作者想表明……”。根据第一段andyettheychoosetofocusontheonesthatfeelbad(但他们却选择关注那些感觉糟糕的情感)和第二段Theearliestformsofart,likepaintingandmusic,arethosebestsuitedforexpressingjoy.Butsomewherefromthe19thcenturyonward:moreartistsbeganseeinghappinessasmeaningless,phonyor,worstofall,boring,aswe-wentfromWordsworth’sDaffodilstoBaudelaire’sFlowersofEvil.(最早的艺术形式,如绘画和音乐,是最适合表达快乐的。但从19世纪开始,越来越多的艺术家开始认为快乐是无意义的、虚假的,或者是最糟糕的,无聊的,就像我们从华兹华斯的水仙花到波德莱尔的恶之花。)可知,艺术家开始关注那些令人不快的情感,但最早的艺术形式都适合表达快乐,只是19世纪的某个时候,当我们从华兹华斯的水仙花转向波德莱尔的恶之花时,越来越多的艺术家开始把快乐看成是乏味的,虚假的,甚至是令人厌倦的;因此,可推断出“艺术家已经改变了兴趣的焦点”。故D项“艺术家们已经改变了他们的兴趣焦点”符合题意。A项“诗歌不像绘画或音乐那样能表达快乐”,文中没有将诗歌、绘画和音乐对于快乐的表现力进行比较,因此不选;B项“艺术产生于积极和消极的情感”,这个选项没有错误,但不是文章引用诗人Wordsworth和Baudelaire的例子所要表达的内容,所以不选;C项“今天的诗人较少怀疑幸福”,文中没有提到诗人,该项错误;故该题选D。

52.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义猜测题。题干的意思是“第五段第五行的‘bummer’是指某件事情……”。根据题干定位到第五段Peopleinearliererasweresurroundedbyremindersofmisery:Theyworkeduntilexhausted,livedwithfewprotectionsanddiedyoung.IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.Givenallthis,theydidnotexactlyneedtheirarttobeabummertoo.(早期时候的人,生活被苦难包围着。他们工作到筋疲力尽,生活几乎没有保障,寿命很短。在西方,在大众传媒和识字之前,最强大的大众媒体是教堂时刻提醒信徒,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们总有一天会成为虫子的食物。考虑到这一切,他们并不需要他们那些艺术也能令人扫兴。),前面提到了早期人们生活的苦难,从最后too这个词语可知他们不再需要增加一个令他们不快乐的事物;因此这里的“bummer”是表示不快乐的事情,即somethingunpleasant。A项“宗教的”,文章提到教堂只是举例说明早期人们生活的苦难;C项“令人愉快的”与文章不符;D项“商业的”这一段没有提到;故该题选B项“不愉快的”正确。

53.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“在作者的观点中,广告……”。第四段第二句提到Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia,andwithit,acommercialcultureinwhichhappinessisnotjustanidealbutanideology.(广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现,并伴随着它的出现,在这种商业文化中,幸福不仅仅是一种理想,而是一种意识形态),由此可知,作者认为广告并没有创造幸福,而是创造了幸福的意识形态;因此D项“创造幸福的幻觉,而不是幸福本身”符合题意;A项“是在反快乐艺术之后出现的”,文章说到了Advertising,theriseofanti-happyartalmostexactlytrackstheemergenceofmassmedia(广告和反快乐艺术的兴起几乎完全跟随着大众媒体的出现),所以它们是同时出现的,因此该项错误;B项“是导致公众失望的原因”和C项“取代教会作为主要的信息来源”文中没有提到;故该题选D。

54.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“从文章最后一段我们可以知道作者相信……”。最后一段作者讲述的是在今天这样一个快乐唾手可得的年代,我们必须记住一点,那就是,只有在面临巨大的失败和失望的风险后取得的才是真正的快乐;而今天我们需要艺术告诉我们死亡的象征,就像宗教曾经告诉我们的那样,那就是反快乐文化。作者在最后提到It’samessageevenmorebitterthanaclovecigarette,yet,somehow,abreathoffreshair.(这是一个比丁香香烟更苦涩的信息,但不知怎的,却是一股新鲜空气),由此可以推断作者是想表达反快乐的艺术是令人不悦但却令人耳目一新;故B项“反快乐的艺术是令人不快的,但令人耳目一新”为正确选项。A项“幸福往往以悲伤告终”故意混淆了作者引用宗教的意图,作者只是说宗教提醒人们各种痛苦的存在,而不是说幸福都会以悲伤告终;C项“痛苦应该被享受,而不是被拒绝”,文章中作者只是说人们需要接受痛苦,而不是说享受痛苦;D项“当经济繁荣时,反快乐的艺术繁荣起来”过度解读,故该题选B。

55.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“下列哪一项是正确的?”。根据文章第五段第二句IntheWest,beforemasscommunicationandliteracy,themostpowerfulmassmediumwasthechurch,whichremindedworshipersthattheirsoulswereindangerandthattheywouldsomedaybemeatforworms.(在西方,在大众传媒和识字之前,最强大的大众媒体是教堂时刻提醒信徒,他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们总有一天会成为虫子的食物)可知A项“宗教曾经起到提醒痛苦的作用”正确;B项“艺术提供了期望和现实之间的平衡”,文章提到艺术表达的往往是糟糕的情感或者反快乐,作者表达人们正是需要这种反快乐去时刻提醒自己真正的快乐是什么,并没有提到艺术能够提供现实和期望的平衡,有点过度曲解;C项“人们对现代社会的现实感到失望”没有提到,所以不选;D项“大众媒体倾向于报道灾难和死亡”,文章倒数第二段第一句提到TodaythemessagestheaverageWesternerissurroundedwitharenotreligious

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