考研考博-英语-广东信息工程职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东信息工程职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Despitetheirgoodservice,mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotelsof______standards.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.alike

C.uniform

D.likely

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.equivalent（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的B.alike相像；十分相似

C.uniform一致的；统一的D.likely可能的；预料的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句子可知，mostinnsarelesscostlythanhotels（大多数小旅馆比酒店便宜）用到了比较级，而比较通常是在同等的条件下进行，所以空格处应该表示“相同的”，该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】尽管他们的服务很好，大多数小旅馆比同等标准的酒店便宜。

2.单选题

Outof（

）revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Perfect“完美的”；total“全部的”；sheer“绝对的；纯粹的”；integral“完整的”。句意：纯粹是出于报复，他拼命诋毁她的人品，毁坏她的名誉。选项C符合题意。

3.单选题

TheSpaceAge（

）inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.

问题1选项

A.initiated

B.originated

C.embarked

D.commenced

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。initiate“开始，发起，创始”;；originate“发源，来自”；embark“开始”；commence“开始”。句意：太空时代开始于1957年10月，第一颗人造卫星是由苏联发射升空的。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.

AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.

Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.

InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNorth-easternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.

Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.

TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.

Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.

Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.

1.Thestudypublishedinthejournal.Natureindicatesthat（）.

2.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS（）.

3.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?

4.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat（）.

5.Itcanbeinferred,fromthelastparagraphthatscientists（）.

问题1选项

A.theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresults

B.leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincrease

C.leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpected

D.theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow

问题2选项

A.wasdiscouraged

B.wasenforcedbylaw

C.wasprohibitedbylaw

D.wasintroduced

问题3选项

A.ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.

B.Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.

C.BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.

D.Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.

问题4选项

A.forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpected

B.leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwith

C.leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUS

D.theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions

问题5选项

A.arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollution

B.feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasoline

C.stillconsiderleadpollution,aproblem

D.lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollution

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】细节事实题。由题干定位到第二段"AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland."最近发表在《自然》（Nature）杂志上的一项研究表明，美国通过空气传播的含铅气体排放是导致格陵兰雪中铅含量高的主要原因。可知该研究表明美国是到导致北极雪中铅污染的主要来源。D项正确。B项与“AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarcticsnowweredeclining.”不符。AC两项内容与该研究无关。答案D。

细节事实题。根据题干定位到第一段“InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworld-widehasdecreasedsignificantly.”在《清洁空气法》强制要求美国使用无铅气体的二十年里，全世界的铅积累量已显著下降。可知对美国使用无铅气体是法律的强制要求。B项正确。

判断推理题。根据题干定位到文中第三段“Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolineandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiatetheleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.”“在他的新研究中，布隆博士发现美国使用的含铅汽油中不同形式的铅的比例与欧洲、亚洲和加拿大的汽油不同，因此科学家能够区分铅的来源。在格陵兰雪中发现的主要铅含量与在美国汽油中发现的铅含量相当。”由此可知科学家通过将美国含铅汽油中的化学成分与其他国家的对比，找到了格林兰雪中铅的来源。D项正确。

细节事实题。由题干定位到倒数第二段“Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.森林环境处理和重新分配铅的速度比科学家预期的要快。”可知A项正确。

判断推理题。由最后一段“Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystemrespondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.科学家们说，这两项研究都表明，生态系统的某些部分对大气污染的减少做出了迅速反应，但这些发现不应被用作污染的许可证。”可知虽然大气污染减少后，生态系统也作出了相应快速积极的反应，但是科学家仍然认为不能抱有侥幸心理，应该仍然控制污染。故C项正确。

5.翻译题

Informulatinghypotheses,acommonerroristheuncriticalacceptanceofapparentcommonsensebutuntestedassumptions.Thusinthefieldofpsychology,itwasformanyyearsautomaticallyassumedthatthemaincauseofforgetfulnessistheintervaloftimeelapsingbetweensuccessiveexposurestoalearningstimulus.Experimentation,however,wassubsequentlyundertaken,andseveralotherfactors,suchasmotivationandthestrengthoreffectivenessofthestimulus,turnedouttohaveanevermoreimportantbearingontheproblem.Asomewhatsimilarerrorarisesfromneglectofmultiplecauses.Thustwoeventsmaybefoundtobeassociated,e.g.whentheincidenceofadiseaseinasmokyindustrialsectorofacityissignificantlyhigherthanthatinthesmoke-freezones,aresearchworkermightinferthattheexistenceofthediseaseisduetothesmokinessoftheareawheninfactitmightequallywellbefoundinotherreasons,suchastheunder-nourishmentoftheinhabitantsorover-crowding.

【答案】【参考译文】在提出假设的过程中，一个常见的错误是不加批判地接受表面上是常识但未经检验的假设。因此，在心理学领域，多年来不经思索地认为健忘的主要原因是消逝在连续受到学习刺激之间的时间间隔。但是后来的实验表明了还有其他几个因素在这个问题中起重要的作用，比如动机和刺激的强度和效力。一个有些类似的错误源自忽视原因的多样性。因此，两个事件可能会被发现有关联，例如，当一种疾病的发病率在烟雾弥漫的城市工业区明显高于无烟区域时，研究人员可能会推论疾病的存在是由于该地区的烟雾的关系，而事实上可能是由于其他的同样可以造成这种疾病的原因，比如居民的营养不良或过分拥挤。

6.单选题

Weneed

allinformation（）tothe

economicaspectsofthatcompany'sactivities.

问题1选项

A.perceptible

B.pertaining

C.periodic

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】perceptible指可感知的；pertainto指与……相关;periodic指周期性的；persistent指坚持不懈的。句意：我们需要那个公司经济方面的所有信息。选项B正确。

7.单选题

Architecture,then,isanart,andanyartmustgiveuspleasure,orelseitisbadart,orweareabnormallyblind;weareingeneraltoohardenedand（1）toarchitectureasanart,andtothejoyitmaybringus.It'stheconstantnearness

（2）

architectureduringourentireconsciousexistencethathas

（3）

usinthisway.Weforgetthatitisanartofhereand

（4）

,becauseitiswithuseveryday,and

（5）

wemusthavehousestolivein,weareapttothinkofthem

（6）

asabidingplaces.Thereforewethinkofarchitecture

（7）

somevague,learnedthinghavingtodowithFrenchcathedralsorItalianpalacesorGreektemples,（8）

withNewYorkorChicagostreetsorLosAngelessuburbs.Thisfalsedoctrinehasstrengthenedinusuntiloureyesare

（9）

andourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday,andthenweloseallthefinedeeppleasurethatwemight

（10）experiencefromourordinarysurroundings.

问题1选项

A.uninterested

B.unrelated

C.indifferent

D.insensitive

问题2选项

A.to

B.of

C.in

D.from

问题3选项

A.folded

B.blinded

C.sharpened

D.weakened

问题4选项

A.now

B.then

C.there

D.after

问题5选项

A.thus

B.therefore

C.that

D.because

问题6选项

A.solely

B.really

C.practically

D.invariably

问题7选项

A.of

B.like

C.as

D.for

问题8选项

A.and

B.but

C.together

D.not

问题9选项

A.closed

B.dusted

C.blinded

D.dulled

问题10选项

A.otherwise

B.orelse

C.probably

D.alternately

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:A

第7题:C

第8题:D

第9题:D

第10题:A

【解析】第1题:1.D考查形容词辨析。uninterested不感兴趣的；unrelated无关的；indifferent冷漠的；insensitive麻木的，无感觉的；由hardened冷酷的可知空格处所填单词意思应与其差不多。故D项正确。答案D

第2题:考查介词辨析。architecture后面的部分做constantnearness的后置定语，故用介词of修饰，此处意为人们认为建筑物总是在那里。答案B

第3题:考查动词辨析。由orweareabnormallyblind可知此处B项正确。正是因为人们的这种观点“建筑物总是在那里”使人们对建筑物有了误解。fold折叠；sharpen削尖，磨快；weaken减少，使变弱。答案B

第4题:考查固定搭配。hereandnow此时此刻；hereandthere各处；到处。由“becauseitiswithuseveryday建筑物每天都与我们在一起”可推知“所以我们习惯认为建筑物到处都是，而忘记了建筑物是此时此刻的艺术”故hereandnow符合题意。

第5题:考查连词辨析。由and可知空格处所填单词与前面的because并列，也是表示原因，故D项正确。再由空格后面的“weareaptto…”也可推断此空表示一种原因，引出后面的结果。答案D

第6题:A考查副词辨析。really实际上；practically实际地；invariably总是，不变地。由上文提到的“我们忘记了将建筑物看作是此时此刻的艺术”可知此处意为我们仅仅将房子认为是不变的地方，A项符合题意。

第7题:考查固定搭配。thinkofsth.assth.“将…看作…”知C项正确，答案C

第8题:考查连词辨析。由Thisfalsedoctrine及上文“我们将建筑认为是与法国大教堂或意大利宫殿或希腊神庙有关而与纽约或芝加哥街道或洛杉矶郊外无关”。havesomethingtodowith与…有关。答案D

第9题:考查动词辨析。由空格后“ourmindsaredeafenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday我们的头脑对我们周围正在创造的一切美好事物充耳不闻”以及and表示并列关系可推知我们的眼睛也对周围的美好事物比较迟钝，感觉不到这些事物的美。dulled“迟钝的，无趣的”；closed“关着的”；dusted“拂去灰尘的”；blinded“瞎的，不知情的”。故D项正确。

第10题:考查连词辨析。前面提到我们的眼睛和心灵都屏蔽了建筑物的美。由此可知如果我们改变态度多体会的话，我们可能从普通环境中体会到这些深度的美景。A项最符合语义。orelse要不然，否则，其后一般跟完整的句子；probably“大概”；alternately“交替地”。答案Afenedtoallthebeautythatisbeingcreatedaroundustoday中的deafened听不见的可推知空格处意为看不见的，故答案为A。eyesareclosed看不见的，闭着眼的。

8.单选题

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

问题1选项

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析题。要注意区分四个选项名词的不同意思。根据句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育儿袋是用来保护幼崽，使它们不需要离开这里也能够获得母亲的乳汁的。’和常识可知空格处表示“育儿袋”。A选项parch意为“眼罩，斑点”；B选项porch意为“门廊，走廊”；C选项paunch意为“腹，大肚子”；D选项pouch意为“小袋，育儿袋”。D选项正确。

9.单选题

Morecarewill（

）youagainstmakingsomanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.ensure

B.guarantee

C.convince

D.assure

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”，ensure、guarantee和assure都含有“保证”的意思。ensure指确保某种行为一定会发生；guarantee指对某事物的品质或人的行为“提出担保”，对事物、商品等质量、性能等方面的欺诈行为做出保证；assure指向某人保证某事一定会发生（内含有让某人放心之意，以消除疑虑）assuresb.ofsth/assuresb.that...

句意：多加小心会确保你不会犯这么多的错误。

10.单选题

Thisnewtypeofplanthasaan（

）,bulb-shapedstem,thoughnotverydelicious.

问题1选项

A.oval

B.edible

C.reliable

D.available

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项oval“椭圆的”；B选项edible“可食用的”；C选项reliable“可靠的”；D选项available“可获得的”。句意：这种新型的植物有一个可食用的，球状的茎，虽然不是很美味。根据句子的后半部分可知，选项B符合语境。

11.翻译题

1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。

2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

3.科学是讲求实际的。科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。

4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

【答案】1.Scientistsareagroupofpeoplewhopossessspecialabilitiestothinkandanalyzethingsandhaveendlesspatienceinobservinganddatacollecting.Theyalltrytodiscernthenatureandfindoutregulationsthroughthedisorderlyappearance.

2.Themostvitalproblemswefacedwithatthattimeweretheshortageoflaborers,thelackofuniversityteachersinthetrainingofthoselaborers,andthedeclineintheresearchingcapabilitycausedbythelackofuniversityteachersandmodernequipmentusedforeducationandtechnologyresearch.

3.Sciencealwaysfocusesonrealities.Itneedstheconscientiousrequirementforknowledgeandpermitsofnofalse.Meanwhile,itinvolvespeople’screationandimagination.Andimaginationcanbreakthelimitationoftraditionsanddevelopthescienceconstantly.

4.Don’tbedisappointedifyoufailinthecareeryouhavedone.Theword“Ihaveexperiencedfailureforthreetimes”isabsolutelydifferentfromtheword“Iamaloser”.Aslongasyoudon’tdenyyourself,donotidentifyyourselfwiththefailure,andtrytolearnsomethingfromyourfailure,youwillbelikelytosucceedinthefuture.

12.单选题

Enteringthefurniturestore,Mr.Thompsontookafewminutesto_______throughthecatalogandgotasenseofwhatkindsofsofawereinpopulardemand.

问题1选项

A.gaze

B.stare

C.shuffle

D.riffle

【答案】D

【解析】gaze注视,凝视;stare凝视,盯着看;shuffle搅乱,推诿;riffle迅速翻阅，rifflethrough很快地（漫不经心地）翻阅。句意：走进家具店之后,Thompson先生用了几分钟时间快速浏览了一下目录，了解了一下什么样的沙发最受欢迎。选项D符合句意。

13.单选题

I’msorry（

）solong.IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen.

问题1选项

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】句意我抱歉让你等了这么久。我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了。

语法题。考查完成时态。由句中关键词“IforgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadbeen我忘记提前告诉你我在哪里了”可知“你等了这么久”这个事情发生在过去的过去，故这里应该用完成时态，由此知D项“tohavekeptyouwaiting”正确。

14.单选题

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

问题1选项

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

问题2选项

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

问题3选项

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

问题4选项

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科学是很难预测的，如果真是科学，也就不可能去预测。文中的predict对应于选项B中的foreseen，所以选项B正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世纪的科学家们被告知我们人类对世界几乎是一无所知的，那么他们将会非常震惊”可推断出18世纪的科学家并不认为自己对世界一无所知，所以A选项‘认为他们知道很多，可以解决大多数科学问题’正确，C选项与A选项表述相反，错误。B选项“不敢面对科学研究的事实”和D选项“在人类对自然界的理解方面产生了更多的不好的影响”没有在文章中体现。

3.细节事实题。根据文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我们要么假装知道事物的规律，要么对此置之不理或者用编造故事的方式来搪塞。”确定A选项“捏造错误的理论来解释他们不知道的事物”、B选项“他们假装知道有关自然界的一切”和D选项“他们对不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科学家的特点，只有C选项“他们不相信科学观察得出的结果”没有提及，或者用排除法，C选项符合题意。

4.观点态度题。根据文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“尽管有困难，但人类迟早会解决这些问题”所以C选项“虽然意识到困难重重但还是很有信心”符合作者对科学的态度。

15.单选题

Ethologistsareconvincedthatmanyanimalssurvivethroughlearning—butlearningthatisindicatedbytheirgeneticprogramming,learningasthoroughlyasthemost______instinctiveofbehavioralresponses.

问题1选项

A.stereotyped

B.superseded

C.transient

D.incompatible

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项stereotyped“刻板的，老一套的”，B项superseded“作废的，被取代的”，C项transient“短暂的，路过的”，D项incompatible“不相容的，矛盾的”。句子前部分说的是“动物行为学家相信，许多动物是通过学习生存下来的，但这种学习是由它们的遗传程序决定的”，结合后面的instinctiveofbehavioralresponses（本能的行为反应）可推，空格处填入的修饰词应该是“刻板的”，A项符合。句意：动物行为学家相信，许多动物是通过学习生存下来的，但这种学习是由它们的遗传程序决定的，学习就像最刻板的本能行为反应一样彻底。因此，该题选择A项。

16.单选题

Lindawas_______theexperimentamonthago,butshechangedhermindatthelastminute.

问题1选项

A.tostart

B.tohavestarted

C.tobestarting

D.tohavebeenstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查过去将来完成时。betodo表示按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事，其完成时的形式为be+to+have+done。根据was与changed可知动作发生在过去，“start”这个动作发生在“changed”的之前，故用过去将来完成时，因此选B。句意：琳达本打算一个月前开始做这个实验，但她在最后一刻改变了主意。

17.单选题

Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（

）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.

问题1选项

A.nevertheless

B.unless

C.if

D.oncondition

【答案】C

【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless然而；不过；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。

18.单选题

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeco