2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit1PeopleOfAchievement单元主题训练新人教版选择性必修第一册

欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！欢迎阅读本文档，希望本文档能对您有所帮助！UNIT1单元主题训练Ⅰ.阅读理解ASomeofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Severaloftheircontributionsthroughouthistoryareevenmorethanmen'scontributions.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowareorganisedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.MarieCurie(1867－1934)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityMarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.JaneGoodall(1934)FamousFor:Primate(灵长类)studiesJaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)FamousFor:NervegrowthstudiesRitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist(神经病学家)whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor(NGF).ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.LiseMeitner(1878－1968)FamousFor:WorkonradioactivityandnuclearphysicsLiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission(裂变).Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNoblePrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn'tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。1．Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?A．MarieCurie. B．JaneGoodall.C．RitaLevi-Montalcini. D．LiseMeitner.解析：选B细节理解题。根据每个人物后面跟的时间可知，JaneGoodall出生于1934年，而后面没有给出去世时间，说明仍在为世界做贡献。故选B。2．WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalciniresearchon?A．Nervegrowth. B．Thewildlife.C．Nuclearexplosion. D．Radioactivity.解析：选A细节理解题。根据RitaLevi-Montalcini(1909－2012)部分中“FamousFor:Nervegrowthstudies”可知，RitaLevi-Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。3．WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?A．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.B．Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.C．Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.D．Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.解析：选D推理判断题。根据LiseMeitner(1878－1968)部分中“FamousFor:Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics”可知，因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，LiseMeitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。BWiththeworld'sattentiononvaccines(疫苗),nowitfeelslikeagoodmomenttosingthepraisesofanoftenforgottencontributortotheirdevelopment.Threehundredyearsagothismonth,LadyMaryWortleyMontagugotherdaughterinoculated(接种)againstsmallpox,makingherchildthefirstpersonintheWesttobeprotectedinthisway.WithoutMontagu'swillingnesstoadoptapracticeshehadlearnedfromothercultures,theintroductionofvaccinesaround80yearslaterwouldneverhavetakenplace.MontagufirstwitnessedinoculationwhensheaccompaniedherhusbandtoTurkey.InoculationhadstartedinAsia,probablyinChina,asearlyasthe10thcenturyAD.MontaguobservedhowolderwomeninTurkeytookatinyamountofpus(脓)fromapersonwithsmallpox.Theythenusedneedlestomakecutsonpeople'swristsandanklesandaddedthepustotheirbloodstream.Thishelpedpeoplegainimmunityfromfutureinfection.Likeothervisitorstothecountry,Montagutookstepstoensurethatherdaughterwasinoculated.Thisworkedwell,butsheknewthattryingitinEnglandwouldbefarmorechallenging.Inoculationperformedbyunlicensedamateurswouldthreatendoctors'professionalstandingandpotentiallyrobthemofvaluableincome.Somepeoplealsodisagreewiththepractice,astheysawitasgoingagainstnature.BackinEngland,Montaguobservedtheincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.Eventually,inApril1721,shedecidedtousetheTurkishpracticetohaveherdaughterinoculated,becauseshebelievedthattherewardswouldoutweightherisks.Afterasafetimehadpassedfollowingtheinoculation,Montagualloweddoctorstoexamineherdaughter.DoctorsinBritaingraduallyacceptedthepractice.About80yearslater,apioneeringphysicianfoundsmallpoxvaccinestodestroysmallpoxcompletely.Asearlyaslastcentury,academicsarguedthatMontaguwasnomorethananenthusiasticamateur.Intruth,shemadeavitalscientificcontributiontowardsfindingthecureforsmallpox.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的MaryWortleyMontagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theoriginofsmallpoxinoculation.B．Montagu'sfirstaccesstoinoculation.C．Thebenefitsfromsmallpoxinoculation.D．Turkishwomen'sinventionofinoculation.解析：选B段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。5．MontagufounditdifficulttotryinoculationinEnglandbecause________.A．itwasagainsthumannatureB．itmightharmdoctors'interestsC．itwasbeyonddoctors'abilitiesD．itmightshakesomepeople'sbelief解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。6．WhatleddoctorsinBritaintoacceptinoculation?A．Theincreasedseverityofsmallpoxinfections.B．Aphysician'sdiscoveryofsmallpoxvaccines.C．TheresultofMontagu'sdaughter'sinoculation.D．Montagu'sfocusonitsrewardsratherthanitsrisks.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。再根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受这一尝试。故C项正确。7．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext?A．AnUnsungHeroB．NoLimittoCreationC．DevelopmentofVaccinesD．AHistoricMedicalInnovation解析：选A标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地给她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五eq\a\vs4\al(2022·山西省八校高三第一次联考)Excellenceisaformofcurrency(通货).Whileacommitmenttoexcellencecanhelpyougaintruewealthandrealizetheinbuiltvalueofyourpotential,alackofcommitmentdevaluespotentialandreputation.Ifyouaretobecomethepersonyoumeanttobeonthedayyouwereborn,dowhateveryoudowithallyourmight.__8__Ifyouacceptbeingaverageandordinary,lifewillmakeyouaverageandordinary.__9__Butithaseverythingtodowithdecision,commitmentandaction.Andexcellenceisadestinationforanyonewhoappreciates,respects,anddemonstrateshardworkandgoodjudgement!Weallhavearangeofcareerchoicesandopportunities.Butweexpandtherangeandqualityofourchoiceswhenwepractiseexcellence.__10__Soattempttomakeeveryopportunityoneofimportancebecauseeveryopportunitycounts.Whatisconsideredexcellenttodaywillbecometheminimumcostofadmissiontomorrow.__11__Obviously,thebarisconstantlybeingraised.Ifyoudon'tproduceexcellentresultsconsistently,someoneelsewill.Thereisnomercyperiodforaverageness,andyoumusthaveazerotolerancepolicyforit.Peopleexpectthebest.__12__Soneverrelaxtherulesofexcellence.Whenyoufacequality,yousufferphysicalandemotionalwithdrawalfromyourgoals.Youshouldhavethebeliefthattheefficiencyofyourbusinessandlifeareinfinite(无限的),thateverythingcanbeimprovedupon,andthateveryprojectcanbecompletedinanexcellentfashion.Why?Becausewhenitcomestoexcellence,everythingcounts!A．Beingaverageisachoice.B．You'reonlyasgoodasyourlastperformance.C．Itcreatesconfidenceandenhancespeaceofmind.D．Andwereducethemwhenweacceptbeingaverage.E．Iftheycan'tgetitfromyou,they'llfinditelsewhere.F．Youwillneverlivelongerthanitsimportanceandusefulness.G．Beingworld-classhasnothingtodowithsize,education,orbloodline.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了卓越的重要性，并介绍了追求卓越的方法。8．选A根据空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活将会使你变得普通和平凡。这是对设空处的解释说明，故设空处的内容与“平凡”有关，A项中的average和设空后的“averageandordinary”相呼应。9．选G空后的But表明设空处和空后一句之间是转折关系。G项中的“hasnothingtodowith...”和下文“haseverythingtodowith...”形成对比。故选G项。10．选D空后的So表明设空处和下文是因果关系，D项即是设空处后一句的原因，同时D项中的them指代前面提到的“therangeandqualityofourchoices”，reduce也与前面的expand形成对比。故选D项。11．选B根据空后两句可知，显然，标准在不断提高。如果你不能持续创造出色的结果，其他人会。这说明只有不断提高，才能变得卓越。故选B项。12．选E空后的So表明前后是因果关系，设空处强调原因，再结合空前一句(人们期盼最好的)可知，E项(如果人们无法从你身上获取最好的，他们就会另觅他处)符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空Thepast10monthshasbeenthemostinfluentialmonthsofmylife.Asajunior,IleftmycomfortablehomeinIllinoisand__13__goingtotheNavajoIndianReservationinArizona.ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschooland__14__foranadventure.Iexperiencedsomany__15__whenIarrived,fightingeachdayto__16__inanewsocialenvironment—overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial__17__...DuringthesummervacationI__18__tobeacounselor(顾问)atanEasterSealscampforpeoplewith__19__needswhorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilitiesandimprovetheirabilitytodothingsalone.ItwasthemosttiringworkI'deverexperiencedbutthemost__20__.IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'__21__.Asthenewschoolyearbegan,ourdepartmenthadarenovation(翻新).Iofferedtohelpcleanupallthe__22__books.Insteadofrecyclinghundredsofthosebooks,I__23__thedepartmentthatthebookscouldserveahigher__24__.Thissimpleactresultedinanall-outbookdrivebenefitingtheschoolsinArizona.The10-monthexperienceinArizona__25__megreatly.Itmademebecomeapersonwithpatience,appreciation,determination,and__26__enthusiasm.Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm,ideasandactionthatallchangescan__27__.语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者离开家乡前往异地学习的经历让他收获了耐心、感恩、决心以及对生活的热情。13．A.required B．riskedC．escaped D．considered解析：选B根据上文中的“leftmycomfortablehome”及下文中的“anadventure”可知，作者离开舒适的家，踏上了前往纳瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒险旅途。risk“冒险”，符合语境。14．A.settledon B．settledbackC．settledup D．settledin解析：选D根据上文中的“ThereIattendedalocalpoorly-equippedschool”及下文内容可知，作者在当地上了学，安顿了下来。settlein“安顿下来”，符合语境。15．A.pleasures B．wondersC．blows D．burdens解析：选C根据下文中的“fightingeachday”等信息可知，作者刚到纳瓦霍印第安人保留地时，经历了许多打击。blow在这里表示“打击，挫折”，属于“熟词生义”。16．A.survive B．succeedC．recover D．return解析：选A根据上下文可知，此处指作者不得不每天为自己能在新的社会环境中生存下去而奋斗。survive“生存”，符合语境。17．A.cases B．communicationsC．conflicts D．responsibilities解析：选C根据上文中的“overcomingracialdifferences,handlingsocial”可知，此处指除了要克服种族差异外，作者还需应对社会冲突。conflict“冲突”，符合语境。18．A.promised B．decidedC．afforded D．learned解析：选B根据下文可知，作者决定去做夏令营顾问。decide“决定”，符合语境。19．A.basic B．normalC．special D．natural解析：选C根据下文中的“whorequireassistancebecauseofdisabilities”可知，来参加夏令营的人是有特殊需求的人。special“特殊的”，符合语境。20．A.interesting B．rewardingC．demanding D．appealing解析：选B根据下文中的“IknewthatI'dhelpedimproveover850campers'”及空前的“tiring”可知，此处指这是作者做过的最累人却最有意义的工作。rewarding“有意义的，值得做的”，符合语境。21．A.patience B．independenceC．intelligence D．confidence解析：选B根据上文中的“theirabilitytodothingsalone”可知，作者帮助那些参加夏令营的人变得更加独立。independence“独立”，符合语境。22．A.unturned B．valuableC．useful D．unwanted解析：选D根据下文中的“recyclinghundredsofthosebooks”可知，新学年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主动提出帮忙把多余的书处理掉。unwanted“不需要的；多余的”，符合语境。23．A.reminded B．comfortedC．informed D．convinced解析：选D根据下文可知，作者使系里相信这些书可以有更重要的用途。convince“使相信”，符合语境。24．A.plan B．targetC．purpose D．standard解析：选C参见上题解析。purpose“用途”，符合语境。25．A.transformed B．defeatedC．tricked D．impressed解析：选A根据下文中的“Itmademe...enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历改变了作者。transform“使改变”，符合语境。26．A.afterall B．aboveallC．atlarge D．atleast解析：选B根据语境及下文中的“Itrustthatitisthroughenthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历让作者变得有耐心、懂得感恩、有决心，最重要的是，变得热情。aboveall“最重要的是，尤其是”，符合语境。27．A.help B．spreadC．matter D．occur解析：选D作者相信拥有了对生活的热情、想法以及付诸行动，所有改变都会出现。occur“发生；出现”，符合语境。Ⅳ.语法填空eq\a\vs4\al(2022·贵阳市四校高三联考)Geneticmodification(基因改造)isasetoftechnologiesusedtochangethegeneticmakeupofcells.GeneticallymodifiedcropsareplantswithDNA__1__hasbeenmodifiedusinggeneticengineeringmethods.Valuablequalitiesareaddedtothecrops,including__2__(improve)production,betternutritionalvalueandresistancetodrought,frost,orpests.Geneticallymodifiedanimalscamelater.In1996,Britishscientists__3__(clone)asheepnamedDolly.In2012，__4__(produce)milkthatismorenutritiousandwillnotmakepeopleallergic,acompanyinNewZealandengineeredacow.Ifyouthinkthenextthingonthewayis__5__(probable)geneticallymodifyinghumanbabies,you'dberight.Thereis__6__(increase)debateabout“designerbabies”，whicharehumanbabiesthathavebeengeneticallymodified.Modificationscan__7__(do)tofixgeneticdefects(缺陷)，preventlife-threateningdiseases,orproducedesirablequalities.Thistechnologyleadstoheateddebate,because__8__isthepotentialpossibilityofproducinggeneticallymodified“supermen”toreplacemodernhumans.TheUSNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicinehavereleasedareportonthetopicofgeneticengineeringinhumanbabies.The__9__(conclude)wasthatscientistsshouldbeallowedtomodifythehumanDNAtopreventseriousgeneticdiseases.Butitrecommendsrestrictinggeneticmodificationstoseveremedicalconditionsforwhichnoothertreatmentexists.Italsoappealsforinternationalcooperation,whichmeanssomeonemustberesponsible__10__makingsureallarefollowingtherules.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。基因改造是一套用于改变细胞的基因组成的技术。本文介绍了基因改造的发展及其引起的争论等相关内容。1．which/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词DNA，所以填which/that。2．improved考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词production，表示已完成的动作，故用过去分词作定语，所