2023版新教材高考英语一轮总复习Unit1ScienceAndScientists课件新人教版选择性必修第二册

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义1．thecontradictorystatements

相互矛盾的陈述2．multipleinjuries 多处受伤3．substantialdonations 大量的捐赠4．officialstatistics

官方统计数字5．quickthinking

敏捷的思维UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS6．mainfindings

主要发现7．solidevidence 可靠的证据8．castashadow

投下影子9．abstractconcept

抽象的概念10．abrilliantmind 聪颖的头脑二、表达词汇——在语境中活用(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思1．Shortagesofprofessionalstaffareverysevereinsomeplaces.(adj.____________)2．MymainreasonforsubscribingtoNew

Scientististokeepabreastofadvancesinscience. (vt._________)3．Irathersuspectwe'remakingamistake. (vt._____)4．Youcan'tblameanyoneelse;youalonemadethedecision. (vt._____)5．Iturnedthehandleandfoundthedoorwasopen. (n.____)十分严重的定期订购怀疑责怪把手6．Populationgrowthisdecreasingby1.4%eachyear. (vi._____)7．Industrializationtransformedtheworld. (vt.______)8．Themooncastabrightlightoverthegarden. (vt._____)9．Bloodwaspouringfromhisbrokennose. (vi._____)10．Heisanoutstandingathleteanddeservestowin. (adj._______)11．Shewasanaccomplishedpianist,asuperbswimmer,andagifted

artist.

(adj._________)降低使改观投射喷涌杰出的有天赋的(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式1．Thisisnotnecessarilyproofthatheiswrong. (n._____)拓展：______

v．证明→_______

adj.被证明的；已证实的2．Theincidentwasusedasanexcuseforinterventioninthearea.(n._____)拓展：_________

v．介入；出面；干预3．Myinitialreactionwastodeclinetheoffer. (adj.______)拓展：________

adv.开始；最初4．Thenewspapercontinuestodefenditspublicationofthephotographs.(vt._____)拓展：_______

n.防御；防务证明proveproven干预intervene最初的initially辩解defence5．Hepraisedherleadershipduringthecrisis. (n._________)拓展：____

v．领导；导致；通向→______

n．领导→________

adj.最重要的；一流的6．Wearemakingslowbutsteadyprogress. (adj._______)拓展：________

adv.稳定地；坚固地7．Thereportpaintsavividpictureoflifeinthecity. (adj.______)拓展：_______

adv.生动地领导才能leadleaderleading稳定的steadily生动的vividly三、词块短语——在语境中辨义用活(写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思)1．Thankstoyourhelp,weaccomplishedthetaskaheadofschedule. ____2．Itdoesn'tmakesensetoarguewithhim. _______3．Wecandependonitthathewillarrivehereontime. _____4．Wehavetohandlethismatteronceandforall. _______

幸亏有意义相信彻底地5．Idon'tsubscribetothatviewatall. _____6．Youmustgetthereintimeeveniftheweathershouldchange. _____7．Ihaverarelyhadanychancetoreturntomyhometowninchargeoftheproject. __________8．Imyselfwillfirmlycarryoutthisplan. ___A．继续 B．夺去

C．执行

D．延续9．Aftertheepidemicbrokeout,thewholecountryunitedtogetherandovercameit. __A．脱离

B．插话

C．断绝

D．爆发同意及时主管；掌管CD10．Inwinter,peopleoftencomedownwiththeflu. ___A．发生

B．遇到

C．过来

D．感染11．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Aboveall,thepickingactivityalsoinspiredourloveforlabour. __A．最为重要的是 B．尤其是C．毕竟

D．首先12．I'vegotsomeunfinishedbusinesstoattendtosoIcan'tbepresentatyourparty. __A．处理

B．注意

C．照顾

D．参加13．AsfarasIamconcerned,theladyishardtodealwith. __A．处理 B．涉及

C．对付

DAAC四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法教材原句Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.(so...that...引导结果状语从句)他发现霍乱在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。写作亮句(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Itstopicsaresowidethatitleadsusintotheouterworldasasilentfriend.它的话题广泛，作为一个沉默的朋友把我们带进外面的世界。1.教材原句Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.(have＋宾语＋宾语补足语)该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。写作亮句YoushouldtryyourbesttohaveyourEnglishimprovedinashortperiod.你应该尽力使你的英语在短时间内得到提高。文化典句YoucanhaveyourvocabularyenlargedbyreadingnewspapersandmagazinesinChinese.你可以通过读中文报纸和杂志扩大你的词汇量。2.教材原句Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.(sothat引导目的状语从句)于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。

写作亮句Hestudieshardsothathecanpasstheimportantexam.他努力学习，以便能通过这次重要的考试。3.教材原句However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstandingandcreativescientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物有着浓厚的兴趣。写作亮句(2020·天津高考书面表达)Throughtheactivity,whatIfeltisthatIamabletoshouldertheresponsibilityanditalsomakesmestrongerandmoredetermined.通过这次活动，我感到我能够承担起责任，它也让我更加坚强、更加坚定。4.五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美环境描写之活动场景(二)I'msittinginthewarmnightairwithacolddrinkinmyhandandreflectingontheday—adayofpuremagic!IwentsnorkelingonthereefoffshorethismorninganditwasthemostfantasticthingIhaveeverdone.Seeingsuchextraordinarybeauty,Ithinkeverycellinmybodywokeup.Itwaslikediscoveringawholenewdimensionoflife.我正坐在温暖的夜晚中，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回想着这一天——纯粹魔幻的一天！今天早上我去近海的暗礁潜泳，这是我做过的最奇妙的事。看到如此非凡的美丽，我想我体内的每一个细胞都醒来了。这就像发现了一个全新的生命维度。[点评]

本段的活动场景是安静温馨的环境，作者在这样的环境里思想开始奔腾，感觉到自己充满了力量，静中有动的描绘令人回味。1．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)

[题点全练]写出下列各句中subscribeto的含义①Hesubscribesregularlytocharitiestohelpmorepeopleinpoorregions. _____②Whenjoiningaclub,youshouldsubscribetoitregularly. _____③Ihavealwayssubscribedtotheviewthatchildrenshouldbegivenresponsibilityfromanearlyage. _____捐助缴费赞成[系统归纳]

subscribeto短语中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。表示“赞成”时同义短语有：approveof,agreewith等；表示“捐助”时同义短语有：contributeto等。2．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象

[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Thedrugissuspectedof________(cause)over200deaths.②___________(suspect)nothing,hewalkedrightintothetrap.③(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)．..onhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhen_________(suspect)ofdrugdealing.④Shesuspected____oneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix—hadpickeditup.⑤Don'tsuspecthim___hishonestybecauseheisveryreliable.causingSuspectingsuspectedthatof [系统归纳]

suspectsb./sth.of...

怀疑某人/某事……suspectsb.ofdoing...

怀疑某人做……suspect＋that...

怀疑……3．breakout

(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发 [题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Afirebroke___inahospitallastnight，butnoonewaskilled.②See，yourcomputerhasbroken_____again!Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.③Tobehonest,itwasonlyacoupleofmonthsbeforethebandbroke___.④Thesunsoon_____________themist.太阳很快就冲破了薄雾。⑤Istronglyhopethatyoucanconsidermysuggestionand____________________________assoonaspossible.我非常希望你能考虑我的建议，尽快脱离电脑游戏。outdownupbrokethroughbreakawayfromcomputergames

[系统归纳]

(1)breakup

解散；破碎；结束

breakthrough 突破；冲破breakaway(from) 脱离；逃脱

breakin 强行进入；插话breakdown 出故障；失败；(身体)垮掉breakinto 强行进入(某处)；突然开始(笑、唱等)(2)breakout,takeplace,happen,occur都有“发生”之意，都不能用于进行时态，也不能用于被动语态。1．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责

n．责备；指责

[题点全练](单句语法填空/句式升级)①Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelse___abadsituation,youarealoser.②Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame___thealarmclock.③Somesocialappcompanieswere________(blame)becausetheydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration.forontoblame④因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，简的情绪很低落。→(普通表达)Janewasinlowspiritsbecauseshe_____________thebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.→(高级表达)

___________thebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Janewasinlowspirits.(分词短语作状语)wasblamedforBlamedfor[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)blamesb./sth.forsth.

因某事而责备某人/某物blamesth.onsb.

把某事怪到某人头上(2)get/taketheblamefor...为……承担责任lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某物(3)betoblame(for)应受指责难点释解betoblameforsth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。 [加练重难](单句语法填空/完成句子)⑤Shelaidtheblame___thefailureoftheirmarriage___herhusband.⑥I___________________theresult.我不该为这个结果受指责。foronam

not

to

blame

for2．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解

[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Theyhelpedthebodydefenditself___________somekindsofinfections.②Whenthedogattackedme,Idefended______(I)withastick.③Thetownwallswerebuiltasa_______(defend)againstenemyattacksinthepast.④Thewallwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrom____________(wash)away.against/frommyselfdefencebeing

washed[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)defend...from/against

保护……免受；防御defendoneself为自己辩护；自卫(2)defencen．防御；保卫；防御能力；防御物indefenceof为了保卫；为……辩护联想拓展与defend...from/against用法类似的还有：prevent/stop...(from),keep...from,protect...from/against等，上述短语若用于被动语态，from都不可省略。

[加练重难](一句多译)有些人认为应该训练学生保护自己免遭某些攻击。⑤Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained__________________________someattacks.(defend)⑥Somethinkthatstudentsshouldbetrained____________someattacks.(defence)to

defend

themselves

againstin

defence

of3．inchargeof主管；掌管

[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Thehousehasbeenin___chargeofMrBellformorethanayear.②Withher___charge,IwasconfidentallwouldbeOK.③Ticketsareavailablefree__chargefromtheschool.theinof[进阶学习]系统归纳incharge负责inthechargeof由……负责takechargeof负责freeofcharge免费辨析比较inchargeof与inthechargeof的用法区别，前者是“掌管，负责”，一般用人作主语。后者是“由……负责，在……的掌管之下”，一般用物作主语。

[加练重难](完成句子)④Whodoyoubelieveshouldbe___________suchasituation?你认为谁应该对这种情况负责？⑤Thepatientis______________thatdoctor.这个病人由那位医生负责。in

charge

ofin

the

charge

of4．dependon/upon

依靠；信赖；取决于；相信

[题点全练](单句语法填空)①Youcandependon__thatIwillhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.②Youcanneverdependonhis_________(arrive)ontime.③Hedependsonhisparents______(take)careofhischildren.④Childrendependontheirparents____foodandclothing.itarrivtngto

takefor[进阶学习]系统归纳(1)dependon/uponsb.todosth.＝dependonsb./sb.'sdoingsth.依靠/指望某人做某事dependonitthat从句相信；指望dependonsb.forsth.依靠某人提供某物(2)It/That(all)depends.那得看情况。难点释解relyon,dependon/upon,seeto等词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，通常要用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放在后面。[加练重难](完成句子)⑤Youmay_____________hewillcometomeetyou.你放心好了，他会来见你的。⑥He____________thesamemistakedidn'thappenagain.他确保同样的错误今后不再发生。rely

on

it

thatsaw

to

it

that[用法规则]

sothat引导目的状语从句(1)sothat可引导目的状语从句，作“以便；为的是”讲，从句中通常用may(might)或can(could)。(2)inorderthat也可引导目的状语从句，但sothat一般不用于句首，而inorderthat可用于句首。(3)当sothat/inorderthat引导的从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致时，可将从句转化为不定式或inorderto/soasto句型。(4)sothat也可引导结果状语从句，意为“因此；所以”。 [应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)①(2021·浙江6月高考)Sheaskedforthewoman'snameandaddress_______shecouldrepayher.她要这个女士的姓名和地址，以便她能还钱给她。②Heinjuredhisfoot___________________________inthematch.他的脚受伤了，因此无法参加比赛。③_____________

shecouldcatchthefirstbus,shegotupveryearly.为了能够赶上第一班公共汽车，她起得很早。④Theymadealotoflivelyprogramssothattheycouldattractmorechildren.→Theymadealotoflivelyprograms____________________________________.so

thatso

that

he

was

unable

to

playIn

order

thatso

as

to/in

order

to

attract

more

children“科学精神”主题旨在激发青少年对科学研究的兴趣和好奇心，引导他们思考科学研究的方法，积极开展科学研究，探究科学家的必备品质和科学精神的基本要素。科学的未来在青少年手中，学生应注重培养科学素养，并向伟大科学家学习，塑造科学精神和科学品质，这样未来才能承担起推动科学进步的光荣使命。高考对这一主题的考查也常有涉及。如：2018年的天津高考书面表达与在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛有关。FRANKLIN'SEXPERIMENT：HOWMUCHISTRUE? (节选自外研版新教材必修第三册UNIT3)BenjaminFranklin'sfamousexperimentwithlightninghasintroducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.However,newresearchsuggeststhatthestorymaybefictioninsteadoffact.(用however引出文章主题)Thewell­knownstoryisthattheAmericanFoundingFatherandscientistflewakiteduringastormin1752...(讲述了富兰克林的闪电实验过程)Formanyyears,schoolshavetaughtthestoryofFranklin'slightningexperiment.Morethanonegenerationofschoolchildrenhasbeenamazedbyhisbraveryandhisscientificapproachtolookingforthetruth.Franklin,alongwithmanyotherscientists,hasinspiredusandtaughtusthatscientificexperimentsareimportantinordertoestablishthetruthandtocontributetowardslaterscientificdiscoveriesandinventions.(闪电实验对科学的影响)❶However,neitherthestorynorthedetailsoftheexperimentareentirelytrue.❷AlthoughithasbeenprovedthatFranklin'sexperimenttookplace,morethanonescientisthasquestionedwhatreallyhappened.Thedetailaboutthestringandthekeyistrue.ButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavediedfromtheelectricshock.(提出对闪电实验的质疑)...Admittedly,fictionisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.❸PeoplehavebeenmoreinspiredbyFranklin'sspiritofscientificexplorationthanbythefactsthemselves.Butinscience,factsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch,andweshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear—evenifitisagreatstory.(总结科学探索精神)由教材学写法1．学亮点词汇

第三段中的amazed一词形象地写出了富兰克林闪电实验对学生的影响；inspire一词则展现了富兰克林及其他科学家的激励作用。第四段中用question一词写出了科学家严谨的科研态度。第五段中admittedly用于句首，恰当地表达了对虚构故事作用的认可。

2．学高级句式

句❶是一个简单句，句中“neither...nor...”结构连接并列主语。该结构连接并列主语时，谓语动词主谓一致要遵循“就近原则”，即与nor后名词在人称和数上保持一致。本句中用这一结构来对富兰克林做闪电实验这一故事，及实验的细节都提出了质疑。句❷是一个主从复合句，句中although引导让步状语从句，该从句中that引导名词性从句作真正的主语，it在句中作形式主语。主句中what引导名词性从句作动词question的宾语。该句式融状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句于一体，体现了深厚的语言功底。句❸是一个简单句，句子运用了“more...than...”结构，表示“比……更……”，对两个方面进行了比较，强调了前者。3．学行文逻辑

本文写作结构为“剥笋式”。文章开门见山，引入话题：本杰明·富兰克林关于闪电的著名实验可能是虚构的，而并非事实。然后按照由现象到本质、由原因到结果等层层深入的方式，详述实验过程及科学家质疑其真实性的理由。最后揭示本质：能被实验与研究所证明的东西才算作事实，我们不应全盘相信我们读到或听到的事——即使它是一个精彩的故事。1．haveaccessto/beaccessibleto

拥有……的机会；

可以接近/进入2．bebusywith

忙于……3．concentrateon

全神贯注于4．lightup

点燃；点亮5．takein

理解；吸收6．do/make/perform/carryoutanexperiment 做实验7．cometo/reach/drawaconclusion 得出结论8．gothrough 浏览；翻阅；经历9．referto 参考，查阅；涉及10．haveagoodcommand/knowledgeof

精通……11．achievesuccess 获得成功12．beadmittedas 作为……被接受13．oneofthefourgreatinventions 四大发明之一14．link...with...

把……与……连接起来15．approachto 接近；约等于；……的方法Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底1．Ifweareinthehabitofraisingdoubtsastowhetherwhatwearetoldistrue,wecanfindthecorrectanswerandlearnmore.

如果我们习惯于对我们被告知的事情是否是真的提出疑问，我们就能发现正确答案并学会更多。2．It'sapparentthatscientificandtechnologicalprogressbringshugebenefits.

很明显，科技进步带来了巨大的好处。3．AsfarasI'mconcerned,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhelpsincreasethequalityofourlifeandmakesoursocietyabetterone.

在我看来，科学技术的发展有助于提高我们的生活质量，使我们的社会更美好。4．Theeffortsofscientistsandengineersmakesocietydevelopfaster,enhancenationalstrengthandprovtdeconvenienceforpeople.

科学家和工程师的努力使社会发展更快，增强国家实力，为人民提供便利。一、作文升格增增档

下面是一篇学生习作，主题是介绍中国四大发明之一的印刷术。请根据上面所学，对习作进行润色、升级。Hello,everyone，Now,I'dliketotellyousomethingaboutprinting,oneofthefourgreatinventionsintheancientChina.TheprintingwasinventedinChinamanyyearsago,makingitpossiblefortheChineseculturetobespreadallovertheworld,whichwasgivengreatsignificancetointhedevelopmentoftheworld.❶ThisinventionaswellastheotherthreeonesisdisplayedintheChineseMuseumanditiswellworthavtsit.❷Asmiddleschoolstudentsaffectedbytheamazingancientinventions,wehavethedutytostudyhard.

________，

wecandoscientificresearchan