2020-2021年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)试题及答案

职称英语考试综合类B级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。Therewasaninclinationtotreatgeographyasalessimportantsubject.A.pointB.tendencyC.resultd.findingNewsecretariescameandwentwithmonotonousregularity.a.amazingb.depressingc.predictabled.dullThecommitteewasaskedtorenderareportonthehousingsituation.a.furnishb.copyc.publishd.summarizeThegroupdoesnotadvocatetheuseofviolence.a.limitb.regulatec.opposed.supportTheoriginalexperimentcannotbeexactlyduplicate.a.reproducedb.inventedc.designedd.reportedTtestedagainstThesymptomsofthediseasemanifestedthemselvestendayslater.a.easedb.appearedc.improvedd.relievedTheuniformmakestheguardslookabsurd.a.seriousb.ridiculousc.beautifuld.impressiveSomeofthelargerbirdscanremainstationaryintheairforseveralminutes.a.silentb.motionlessc.seatedd.trueThecountrywastornapartbystrife.a.povertyb.warc.conflictd.economyShefeltthatshehaddonehergooddeedfortheday.a.actb.homeworkc.justiced.modelAperson'swealthisoftenininverseproportiontotheirhappiness.a.equalb.certainc.larged.oppositeHisprofessionalcareerspanned16days.a.startedb.changedc.movedd.lastedHisstomachfelthollowwithfear.a.sincereb.respectfulc.terribled.emptyTmerciald.national参考答案：bdadaabbbcadddb第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。"Wannabuyabody?"ThatwastheopeninglineofmorethanafewphonecallsIgotfromself-employedphotographerswhenIwasaphotoeditoratU.S.News.Likemanyinthemainstreampress,Iwantedtoseparatetheworldofphotographersinto"them",whotradeinpicturesofbodiesorrunafterfamouspeoplelikePrincessDiana,and"us",theseriousnewspeople.Butafter16yearsinthatrole,Icametowonderwhetherthetwoworldswereeasilydistinguishable.Workinginthereputableworldofjournalism,Itoldphotographerstocoverotherpeople'sdifficultlifesituations.Ijustifiedmarchingintomomentsofsadness,undertheappearanceofthereader'srighttoknow.Iworkedwithprofessionalstalkingtheirwayintosituationsorshootingfrombehindpolicelines.AndIwasn'talone.InanyAmericantown,afteracarcrashorsomeotherhorribleincidentwhenordinarypeoplearehurtorkilled,yourarelyseephotographerspushingpastrescueworkerstotakephotosofthebloodandinjuries.Butyouarelikelytoseelocalnewspaperandtelevisionphotographersonthescene一andfast...Howcanwejustifydoingthis?Journalistsaretaughttoseparate,doingthejobfromworryingabouttheconsequencesofpublishingwhattheyrecord.Repeatedly,theyareremindedofanews-businesssaying:Leaveyourconscienceintheoffice,Avictimmayliebleeding,unconscious,ordead.Yourjobistorecordtheimage（图象）.You'reaphotographer,notanemergencymedicalworker.Youputawayyourfeelingsanddocumentthescene.Butcatastrophiceventsoftenbringouttheworstinphotographersandphotoeditors.Inthefirstminutesandhoursafteradisasteroccurs,photoagenciesbuypictures.Theyrushtoobtaintherightstobetheonlyonetoowntheseshockingimagesanddeathisusuallythesubject.Often,anagencybuysapicturefromalocalnewspaperoranamateurphotographerandputsitupforbidbymajormagazines.Themostsought-afterspecialpicturescommandtensofthousandsofdollarsthroughbiddingcontests.Iworkedonallthosestoriesandmanylikethem.Whentheyhappen,youmovequickly:buying,dealing,tryingtobeattheagenciestothepictures.Now,manypeoplebelievejournalistsarethehypocrites（伪君子）whoneedtobebroughtdown,andit'sourpicturesthatmostangerothers.Readersmaynotbelieve,aswedo,thatthereisadistinctionbetweenclear-minded"us"andmean-spirited"them".Intoomanycases,byourchoicesofimagesaswellashowwegetthem,weproveourreadersright.Thewriternevergotanofferforaphotographofadeadperson.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedThewriterwasaphotographersixteenyearsago.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedThewriterbelievesthatshootingpeople'snightmaresisjustifiable.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedNewsphotographersareusuallyaproblemforsecureworkersatanaccident.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedJournalistsaren'tsupposedtothinkaboutwhethertheyaredoingtherightthing.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedEditorssometimeshavetopayalotofmoneyforexclusivepictures.A.RightB.WrongC.NotmentionedManypeoplesaythattheyareannoyedbytheUSNewspictures.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned参考答案：BBACBAA第3部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。TheStorytellerStevenSpielberghasalwayshadonegoal:totellasmanygreatstoriestoasmanypeopleaswilllisten.Andthat'swhathehasalwaysbeenabout.Thesonofacomputerscientistandapianist,SpielbergspenthisearlychildhoodinNewJerseyand,later,Arizona.Fromtheverybeginning,hisfertileimaginationfilledhisyoungmindwithimagesthatwouldlaterinspirehisfilmmaking.Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent's1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat'sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilmslikePoltergeist.”Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgothishandsonhisdad'smoviecameraandbeganshootingshortflicksaboutflyingsaucersandWorldWarIIbattles.Spielberg'stalentforscarystorytellingenabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScoutcampingtrips,whennightfell,Spielbergbecamethecenterofattention.“Stevenwouldstarttellinghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294,“andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit.”SpielbergmovedtoCaliforniawithhisfatherandwenttohighschoolthere,buthisgradesweresobadthathebarelygraduated.BothUCLAandUSCfilmschoolsrejectedhim,soheenteredCaliforniaStateUniversityatLongBeachbecauseitwasclosetoHollywood.Spielbergwasdeterminedtomakemovies,andhemanagedtogetanunpaid,non-creditinternship（实习）inHollywood.Soonhewasgivenacontract,andhedroppedoutofcollege.Heneverlookedback.Now,manyyearslater,Spielbergisstilltellingstorieswithasmuchpassionasthekidinthetent.Askhimwherehegetshisideas,Spielbergshrugs.“Theprocessformeismostlyintuitive（凭直觉的）,”hesays.“TherearefilmsthatIfeelIneedtomake,foravarietyofreasons,forpersonalreasons,forreasonsthatIwanttohavefun,thatthesubjectmatteriscool,thatIthinkmykidswilllikeit.AndsometimesIjustthinkthatitwillmakealotofmoney,likethesequel（续集）toJurassicPark.”Paragraph1___F___Paragraph2AParagraph3EParagraph4DInspirationsforhismoviesThetroubleofmakingmoviesAfunnymanGettingintothemoviebusinessTellingstoriestomakefriendsAnaimoflifeSomeofSpielberg'smostsuccessfulmoviescamefromEWhenSpielbergwasaboy,heusedtobescaredofASpielbergisverygoodatBSpielbergsayshemakesmoviesforCalmosteverythingtellingscarystoriesanumberofreasonsmakingchildrenlaughhischildhoodmemoriesalotofmoney第4部分：闻读理解（第31~45題，毎题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇TheNationalTrustTheNationalTrustinBritainplaysanincreasinglyimportantpartinthepreservationforpublicenjoymentofthebestthatisleftunspoiledoftheBritishcountryside.AlthoughtheTrusthasreceivedpracticalandmoralsupportfromtheGovernment,itisnotarichGovernmentdepartment.ItisavoluntaryassociationofpeoplewhocarefortheunspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildingsofBritain.Itisacharitywhichdependsforitsexistenceonvoluntarysupportfrommembersofthepublic'.Itsprimarydutyistoprotectplacesofgreatnaturalbeautyandplacesofhistoricalinterest.TheattentionofthepublicwasfirstdrawntothedangersthreateningthegreatoldhousesandcastlesofBritainbythedeathofLordLothian,wholefthisgreatseventeenth-centuryhousetotheTrusttogetherwiththe4500-acreparkandestatesurroundingit.ThisgiftattractedwidepublicityandstartedtheTrust's"CountryHouseScheme”.Underthisscheme,withthehelpoftheGovernmentandthegeneralpublic,theTrusthasbeenabletosaveandmakeaccessibletothepublicaboutonehundredandfiftyoftheseoldhouses2.Lastyearaboutoneandthreequartersofamillionpeoplepaidtovisitthesehistorichouses,usuallyataverysmallcharge.InadditiontocountryhousesandopenspacestheTrustnowownssomeexamplesofancientwindandwatermills,naturereserves,fivehundredandfortyfarmsandnearlytwothousandfivehundredcottagesorsmallvillagehouses,aswellassomecompletevillages.Inthesevillagesnooneisallowedtobuild,develop'ordisturbtheoldvillageenvironmentinanywayandallthehousesaremaintainedintheiroriginalsixteenth-centurystyle.Overfourhundredthousandacresofcoastline,woodland,andhillcountryareprotectedbytheTrustandnodevelopmentordisturbancesofanykindarepermitted.Thepublichasfreeaccesstotheseareasandisonlyaskedtorespectthepeace,beautyandwildlife.SoitisthatoverthepasteightyyearstheTrusthasbecomeabigandimportantorganizationandanessentialandrespectedpartofnationallife,preservingallthatisofgreatnaturalbeautyandofhistoricalsignificancenotonlyforfuturegenerationsofBritonsbutalsoforthemillionsoftouristswhoeachyearinvadeBritaininsearchofagreathistoricandculturalheritage.（出处：职称英语教材综合类阅读判断第十四篇）Thenationaltrustisagovernmentagencydependingonvoluntaryservice.non-profitorganizationdependingonvoluntaryservicegovernmentdepartmentbutisnotrich.privateorganizationsupportedbythegovernmentTheNationalTrustisdedicatedtopreservingthebestpublicenjoymentprovidingthepublicwithfreeaccesstohistoricbuildingsofferingbetterservicestovisitorshomeandabroadprotectingthounspoiledcountrysideandhistoricbuildings."n/Wecaninferfromparagraph2thatLordLothiondonatedallhismoneytotheTruststartedtheCountryHouseSchemesavedmanyoldcountryhousesinBritainwasinfluentialinhistimeAllthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageexceptthetrustmoreinterestedinprotectingthe16centuryhousesmanypeoplecametovisitthehistorichousessavedbytheTrustvisitorscanyetfreeaccesstusomeplacesownedbytheTrusttheTrusthasahistorywhichislongerthan80years.Theword“invade”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningtocomeinwithoutpermissionenterwithinvitationvisitinlargenumberappear3'lofasudden第2篇HowweformfirstimpressionWeallhavefirstimpressionofsomeonewejustmet.Butwhy?Whydoweformanopinionaboutsomeonewithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthimorher一asideperhapsfromafewremarksorreadilyobservabletraits.Theanswerisrelatedtohowyourbrainallowsyoutobeawareoftheworld.Yourbrainissosensitiveinpickingupfacialtraits,evenveryminordifferenceinahowaperson'seyes,ears,nose,ormouthareplacedinrelationtoeachothermakeyouseehimorherasdifferent.Infact,yourbraincontinuouslyprocessesincomingsensoryinformation一thesightsandsoundsofyourworld.Thesesincoming“signals”arecomparedagainstahostof“memories”storedinthebrainareascalledthecortex（大脑皮层）systemtodeterminewhatthesenewsignals“mean”.Ifyouseesomeoneyouknowandlikeatschool,yourbrainsays“familiarandsafe”.“Ifyouseesomeonenew,itsays,“new—potentiallythreatening”.Thenyourbrainstartstomatchfeaturesofthisstrangerwithother“known”memories.Theheight,weight,dress,ethnicity,gesturesandtoneofvoiceareallmatchedup.Themoreunfamiliarthecharacteristics,themoreyourbrainmaysay,“Thisisnew.Idon'tlikethisperson.”Orelse,“Iamintrigued.”Oryourbrainmayperceiveanewfacebutfamiliarclothes,ethnicity,gestures-likeyourotherfriends;soyourbrainsays:“Ilikethisperson.”Butthesespreliminary“impressions”canbedeadwrong.Whenwestereotypepeople,weusealessmatureformofthinking(notunliketheimmaturethinkingofaveryyoungchild)thatmakessimplisticandcategoricalimpressionsofothers.Ratherthanlearnaboutthedepthandbreadthofpeople-theirhistory,interest,values,strengths,andtruecharacter-wecategorizethemasjocks,geeks,orfreaks.However,ifweresistinitialstereotypicalimpressions,wehaveachancetobeawareofwhatapersonistrulylike.Ifwespendtimewithaperson,hearabouthisorherlife,hopes,dreams,andbecomeawareoftheperson'scharacter,weuseadifferent,morematurestyleofthinking—andthemostcomplexareasofourcortex,whichallowustobehumane.OurfirstimpressionofsomeonenewisinfluencedbyhisorherpastexperiencecharacterfacialfeatureshobbiesIfyoumeetastrangerwithfamiliargestures,yourbrainismostlylikelytosay“Heisfamiliarandsafe”“Heisnewandpotentiallythreatening”“Ilikethisperson”“ThisisnewIdon'tlikethisperson”Theword“preliminary”meanssimplisticstereotypicalinitialcategoricalOurthinkingisnotmatureenoughwhenwestereotypepeoplebecauseweneglecttheirdepthandbreadththeyarenotalllocks,peeks,orfreaksourthinkingissimilartothatofaveryyoungchildourjudgmentisalwayswrongWhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?One'sphysicalappearancecaninfluenceourfirstimpressionourfirstimpressionisinfluencedbythesensitivityofourbrainStereotypicalimpressionscanbedeadwrongWeshouldadoptmaturethinkingwhengettingtoknowpeople第3篇ANewStrategytoOvercomeBreastCancerPost-menopausal（绝经后）womenwhowalkforanhouradaycancuttheirchanceofbreastcancersignificantly,astudyhassuggested.Thereport,whichfollowed73,000womenfor17years,foundwalkingforatleastsevenhoursaweekloweredtheriskofthedisease.TheAmericanCancerSocietyteamsaidthiswasthefirsttimereducedriskwasspecificallylinkedtowalking.UKexpertssaiditwasmoreevidencethatlifestyleinfluencedcancerrisk.ArecentpollforthecharityRamblersaquarterofadultswalkfornomorethananhouraweek,butbeingactiveisknowntoreducetheriskofanumberofcancers.Thisstudy,publishedinCancerEpidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed73.615womenoutof97,785aged50-74whohadbeenrecruitedbytheAmericanCancerSocietybetween1992and1993,soitcouldmonitortheincidenceofcancerinthegroup.Theywereaskedtocompletequestionnairesontheirhealthandonhowmuchtimetheywereactiveandparticipatinginactivitiessuchaswalking,swimmingandaerobics（有氧运动）andhowmuchtimetheyspentsittingwatchingtelevisionorreading.Theycompletedthesamequestionnairesattwo-yearintervalsbetween1997and2009.Ofthewomen,47%saidwalkingwastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thosewhowalkedforatleastsevenhoursperweekhada14%lowerriskofbreastcancercomparedtothosewhowalkedthreeorfewerhoursperweek.Dr.AlpaPatel,aseniorepidemiologistattheAmericanCancerSocietyinAtlanta,Georgia,wholedthestudy,said:”Giventhatmorethan60%ofwomenreportsomedailywalking,promotingwalkingasahealthyleisure-timeactivitycouldbeaneffectivestrategyforincreasingphysicalactivityamongstpost-menopausalwomen.Wewerepleasedtofindthatwithoutanyotherrecreationalactivity,justwalkingonehouradaywasassociatedwithalowerriskofbreastcancerinthesewomen.””Morestrenuous（紧张的）andlongeractivitiesloweredtheriskevenmore.”BaronessDelythMorgan,chiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaign,said:“Thisstudyaddsfurtherevidencethatourlifestylechoicescanplayapartininfluencingtheriskofbreastcancerandevensmallchangesincorporateintoournormalday-to-dayactivitycanmakeadifference.”Sheadded:”Weknowthatthebestweapontoovercomingbreastcanceristheabilitytostopitoccurringinthefirstplace.Thechallengenowishowweturnthesefindingsintoactionandidentifyothersustainablelifestylechangesthatwillhelpuspreventbreastcancer.”AllofthefollowingfactorsrelatingtocancerriskwerementionedinthepassageEXCEPTbreathingexerciseregularwalkingrecreationalactivitylifestylechoicesItcanbeinferredfromDr.AlpaPatel'sstudythat.womenhavefewerchancesofphysicalactivitydailywalkingcouldcutthechanceofbreastcancerleisure-timeactivityisnotassociatedwithcancerriskwalkingisnotrecommendedforwomenwithbreastcancerDr.AlpaPatelwas.headofthesurveystudychiefeditorofCancerEpidemiologychairoftheAmericanCancerSocietychiefexecutiveofBreastCancerCampaignWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Mostwomentakewalkingastheironlyrecreationalactivity.Thestudyaimstotrackthehealthconditionsofitssubjects.WalkingwastheonlyrecreationalactivityforabouthalfofthewomenIrregularwalkingincreasedtheriskofbreastcancerinpost-menopausalwomenTheword“sustainable”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto?A.continuableaffordableavailablepersistent第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。WronglyconvincedmanandhisaccusertelltheirstoriesNEWYORK,NY,January5,2010.St.Martin'sPresshasannouncedthereleaseofthepaperbackeditionofPickingCotton,aremarkabletruestoryofwhatnovelistJohnGrishamcallsan“accountofviolence,rage,redemption（救赎）,and,ultimatelyforgiveness.”Thestorybeganin1987,inBurlington,NorthCarolina,withtherapeofayoungwhilecollegestudentnamedJenniferThompson.Duringherordeal（折磨）,Thompsonswore（发誓）toherselfthatshewouldneverforgetthefaceofherrapist（强奸犯）,amanwhoclimbedthroughthewindowofherapartmentandassaulted（攻击）herbrutally.Duringtheattack,shemadeanefforttomemorizeeverydetailofhisface,lookingforscars,tattoos（纹身），orotheridentifyingmarks.（46）Whenthepoliceaskedherifshecouldidentifytheassailant（袭击者）fromabookofmugshots（嫌疑犯照片）,shepickedonethatshewassurewascorrect,andlatersheidentifiedthesamemaninalineup（行列）.Basedonherconvincingeyewitnesstestimony,a22-year-oldblackmannamedRonaldCottonwassentencedtoprisonfortwolifeterms.Cotton'slawyerappealedthedecision（提出上诉）,andbythetimeoftheappealshearing（上诉听证会），evidencehadcometolightsuggestingthattherealrapistmighthavebeenamanwholookedverylikeCotton,animprisonedcriminalnamedBobbyPoole.Anothertrialwasheld.（47）JenniferThompsonlookedatbothmenfacetoface,andonceagainsaidthatRonaldCottonwastheonewhorapedher.Elevenyearslater,DNAevidencecompletelyexonerated（证明??清白）Cottonandjustasunequivocally（明确地）convictedPoole,whoconfessedtothecrime.Thompsonwasshockedanddevastated（使震惊）（48）“ThemanIwassosureIhadneverseeninmylifewasthemanwhowasinchesfrommythroat,whorapedme,whohurtme,whotookmyspiritaway,whorobbedmeofmysoul,”shewrote.“AndthemanIhadidentifiedsosurelyonsomanyoccasionswasabsolutelyinnocent.”JenniferThompsondecidedtomeetCottonandapologizetohimpersonally.（49）Remarkablybothwereabletoputthistragedybehindthem,overcometheracialbarrierthatdividedthem,andwriteabook,whichtheyhavesubtitled“Ourmemoir（回忆录）ofinjusticeandredemption（拯救）.”Nevertheless,Thompsonsays,shestilllives“withconstantpainthatmyprofoundmistakecosthimsodearly.Icannotbegintoimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedhadmymistakenidentificationoccurredinacapital（可判死刑的）case.（50）”JenniferThompsondecidedtomeetCottonandapologizetohimpersonally.Manycriminalsaresenttoprisononthebasisofaccuratetestimonybyeyewitnesses.IcannotbegintoimaginewhatwouldhavehappenedhadmymistakenidentificationoccurredinacapitalcaseAnothertrialwasheld.Thompsonwasshockedanddevastated.Duringtheat