考研考博-英语-成都信息工程大学考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-成都信息工程大学考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

每逢新年，人们往往要定新年决心（NewYearresolutions）。这是很多人下决心改变旧习惯、适应新的学习和生活方式的时刻。新年决心像其他很多时尚一样，说起来简单做起来难。通过艰苦工作和坚持不懈，把自己的目标、梦想、决心和远大期望变成现实真不是容易的事情。像其他目标和计划一样,新年决心只是口头宣言，如果没有行动和决心来支撑，则毫无意义。

【答案】WhenNewYearisaroundthecorner,peopletendtomakeNewYearresolutions.It’samomentmanypeopleresolvetochangeoldhabitsandadapttonewwaysoflearningandlife.Newyearresolutions,likemanyothertrends,areeasiersaidthandone.Thehardpartisimplementation:Bringingintents,dreams,resolutionsandloftyexpectationstorealitythroughhardworkandpersistenceisfarmoredifficult.Theresolutions,likemanyotheraimsandobjectives,arejustverbaldeclarationsthatwouldn’tmatter,unlesswhenbackedwithactionanddetermination.

2.翻译题

1.Althoughmanypeopleclaimthat,alongwiththerapidlyeconomicdevelopment,thenumberofpeoplewhousebicyclearedecreasingandbicycleisboundtodieout.TheinformationI’vecollectedovertherecentyearsleadsmetobelievethatbicyclewillcontinuetoplayextremelyimportantrolesinmodernsociety.

2.Thereisageneraldiscussionthesedaysovereducationinmanycollegesandinstitutes.Oneofthequestionsunderdebateiswhethereducationisalifetimestudy.

3.Thesedays,peopleingrowingnumbersarebeginningtocomplainthatworkismorestressfulandlessleisurelythaninthepast.Manyexpertspointoutthat,alongwiththedevelopmentofmodernsociety,itisaninevitableresultandthereisnowaytoavoidit.

4.Manypeoplebelievethatinternationaltourismproducepositiveeffectsoneconomicgrowthandlocalgovernmentshouldbeencouragedtopromoteinternationaltourism.

5.Anyparentsshouldplaceconsiderableemphasisontheirchildrentokeepthebalancebetweenplayandstudy.Asanoldsayinggoes:AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

【答案】1.尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡。然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。

2.当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。

3.现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。

4.许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。

5.任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍之间的平衡。正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。

3.单选题

Itisacommonthemeinmanysciencefictionstoriesthattheworldmayonedaybe（）byinsects.

问题1选项

A.brokenin

B.runover

C.takenover

D.filledin

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项breakin“打断，闯入”，B项runover“碾过，匆匆看”，C项takeover“接管，接收”，D项fillin“填写，填充”。根据句子意思“这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫（）”，把四个选项分别代入，只有C项最符合句意。句意：这是许多科幻故事的共同主题，世界可能有一天被昆虫占领。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.单选题

IntheNavajohousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplayindispensablerolesinraisingchildren.

问题1选项

A.dominant

B.exemplary

C.essential

D.demanding

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。indispensable表示“不可缺少的”；A项dominant“占优势的，支配的”，B项exemplary“典范的，惩戒性”，C项essential“必要的”，D项demanding“要求高的，苛求的”。句意：在纳瓦霍家庭中，祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子方面扮演着不可或缺的角色。根据句意可知，该题选择C项正确。

5.单选题

Manyofthemostflexibleexamplesoftooluseinanimalscomefromprimates(theorderthatincludeshumans,apes,andmonkeys).Forexample,manywildprimatesuseobjectstothreatenoutsiders.Buttherearemanyexamplesoftoolusebyothermammals,aswellasbybirdsandothertypesofanimals.

Toolsareusedbymanyspeciesinthecaptureorpreparationoffood.Chimpanzeesusesticksandpolestobringoutantsandtermitesfromtheirhidingplaces.AmongthemostcomplextooluseobservedinthewildistheuseofstonesbyIvoryCoastchimpanzeestocracknutsopen.Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil.Theuseoftoolsinchimpanzeesisespeciallyinterestingbecausetheseanimalssometimesmodifytoolstomakethembettersuitedfortheirintendedpurpose.Tomakeatwigmoreeffectivefordiggingouttermites,forexample,achimpmayfirststripitofitsleaves.

Surprisingly,thereisalsoaspeciesofbirdthatusesstickstoprobeholesinthesearchforinsects.OneofthespeciesofGalapagosfinch,thewoodpeckerfinch,picksuporbreaksoffatwig,cactusspine,orleafstein.Thisprimitivetoolisthenheldinthebeakandusedtoprobeforinsectsinholesintreesthatthebirdcannotprobedirectlywithitsbeak.Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey.

Toolsmayalsobeusedfordefense.Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies.Studieshavedemonstratedthatthesecrabssignificantlyimprovetheirchancesagainstpredatorssuchasoctopusbymeansofthistactic.Also,manyspeciesofforest-dwellingprimatesdefendthemselvesbythrowingobjects,includingstones,atintruders.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,IvoryCoastchimpanzeesareamongthemostremarkableofanimaltoolusersbecausethey（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthebehaviorofthewoodpeckerfinch?

4.Accordingtothepassage,studieshaveshownthathermitcrabsmanagetoturnoctopusawayby

（

）.

5.ForestprimatesandcertainseaanimalsarementionedinthepassageasexamplesofanimalsthatusetoolsEXCEPTfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Primatesaresuperiortootheranimalsinusingtools.

B.Theuseofstonesastoolsissimilaracrossdifferentanimalspecies.

C.Birdsandprimatesusetoolsthataredifferentfromthoseofseaanimals.

D.Manyanimalshavedevelopedeffectivewaysofusingtools.

问题2选项

A.usetoolstogatherfood

B.usemorethanonetooltoaccomplishatask

C.transporttoolsfromoneplacetoanother

D.hidetheirtoolsfromotheranimals

问题3选项

A.Itusesitsbeakasaweaponagainstitsenemies.

B.Itusesthesametwigtolookforfoodindifferenttrees.

C.Itusestwigsandleavestobuilditsnest.

D.Itavoidsareaswherecactusgrows.

问题4选项

A.attackingtheoctopuswiththeirclaws

B.usingstonesasweapons

C.defendingthemselveswithseaanemones

D.hidingunderseaplants

问题5选项

A.self-protection

B.foodpreparation

C.huntingprey

D.buildingnestsorhome

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“文章讨论的主要问题是……”。文章第一段提到动物使用工具，主要是灵长类，但也有其他一些哺乳动物、鸟类等；第二段提到很多种类的动物使用工具来捕捉食物；第三段提到有些动物使用工具来挖洞或者找昆虫；最后一段提到动物使用工具来攻击。由此可知选项D“许多动物开发了工具的有效使用方式”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章，象牙海岸的黑猩猩是最引人注目的动物工具使用者，因为……”。文章第二段提到“它们选择一块大而平的石头做砧板，另一块小一点的石头当锤子，有时候会推着坚果走到超过40米外的地方找合适的砧板”（Theyselectalargeflatstoneasananvil(aheavyblockonwhichtoplacethenuts)andasmallerstoneasahammer,sometimescarryahaulofnutsmorethan40meterstofindasuitableanvil），由此可知选项B“使用不止一种工具来完成任务”符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题目问的是“下面哪个选项可以从文章中推断出啄木鸟的行为”。文章第三段最后一句话提到“啄木鸟会带着它的细枝在树木之间飞来飞去”（Birdshavebeenseentocarrytwigsfromtreetotreesearchingforprey），可以推断出啄木鸟这么做是为了找虫子，选项B符合题意。

4.细节判断题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知，研究发现寄居蟹能够把章鱼赶走是通过……”。文章第四段提到“寄居蟹用钳子抓住海葵作武器赶跑敌人”（Hermitcrabsgrabseaanemoneswiththeirclawsandusethemasweaponstorepeltheirenemies），选项C符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“森林灵长类动物和海洋中的某些动物被用来作为动物使用工具的例子，下列哪项不包含在内”。文章第二段提到动物使用工具捕食，比如黑猩猩，还有动物用工具来准备食物，比如象牙海岸的黑猩猩用石头来砸坚果；最后一段提到寄居蟹使用工具来赶跑敌人。由此可知只有选项D没有提及，符合题意。

6.单选题

I______withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.

问题1选项

A.express

B.confess

C.verify

D.acknowledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项express“表达”；B项confess“承认、坦白”；C项verify“核实、查证”；D项acknowledge“承认、答谢、报偿”；句意：我感谢同事们在准备这个新专栏时给予我的帮助。acknowledgewiththanksthehelpof“答谢……的帮助”；因此该题D项正确。

7.单选题

He’sdonestupidthingsbefore,buttolookfortheescapinggaswithamatchreallywasthe（

）silliness.

问题1选项

A.ultimate

B.unanimous

C.triumphant

D.trivial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。ultimate意为“最好（或坏、伟大、重要等）的，最后的”；unanimous意为“全体一致的”；triumphant意为“成功的”；trivial意为“琐碎的，无价值的”。

句意：他以前做过愚蠢的事，但用火柴去寻找什么地方煤气漏气实在是最傻的事了。

8.单选题

Amongallthechangesresultingfromthe（

）entryofwomenintotheworkforce,thetransformationthathasoccurredinthewomenthemselvesisnottheleastimportant.

问题1选项

A.massive

B.quantitative

C.surplus

D.formidable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。massive“大量的”；quantitative“数量的，定量的”；surplus“剩余的；过剩的”；formidable“可怕的，令人敬畏的”。句意：在由于大量女性进入劳动大军而引起的所有变化中，女性自身发生的转变并不是不重要的。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Insomeculturestheessenceofmagicisitstraditionalintegrity;itcanbeefficientonlyifithasbeen（）withoutlossfromprimevaltimestothepresentpractitioner.

问题1选项

A.conventionalized

B.manipulated

C.transmitted

D.aggrandized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conventionalized“使习俗化；使样式化”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项transmitted“传输；传送”；D选项aggrandize“增加；夸大；强化”。句意：在一些文化中，魔术的精华是它传统的完整性；只有当它从古代到今天都完整地传递下来时它才有效果。因此C选项正确。

10.翻译题

晶体管（transistor）与电子管（electrontube）相比有好多优点（advantage）。

【答案】Transistorhasmanyadvantagesoverelectrontube.

11.单选题

Sincetheeconomicreform,withprices______somuch,itishardforthemanykindnessesyouhaveshownmyson.

问题1选项

A.swinging

B.waving

C.fluctuating

D.vibrating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项swing“摇摆”，B项wave“挥手，挥手示意”，C项fluctuate“波动，涨落”，D项vibrate“振动，颤动”。空格部分是一个with复合结构的独立主格结构，所以空格处要填入一个动词与price（价格）搭配，四个选项中只有C项最符合。句意：自从经济改革以来，物价波动如此之大，您对我儿子的好意实在难以接受。因此，该题选择C项。

12.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingChinesesentencesintoEnglish.

由于消费支出占国家总产出的大约三分之二，所以恢复消费者信心是格林斯潘和国会的当务之急。

许多美国企业，尤其是飞机和其他髙价值工业的机械和设备制造商坚持认为，这些法规对抵制欧盟实施的经WT0批准的出口增值税退税来说是必要的。

当一个WT0成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉而且该投诉政府认为其利益正受到另一成员政府行为的损害吋，争端解决机构(DSB)才了解到该事件。

在过去五年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化；私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出现提高了就业率，同吋也创造了新的价值。

韦尔奇并非出身富贵之门，也决非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奋斗脱颖而出。

【答案】Becausetheconsumptionexpensetakesupabouttwothirdsofthewholenation’sgrossoutput,it’surgentforGreenspanandtheparliamentarytorecovertheconsumptionconfidence.

ManyAmericanindustries,especiallythemanufacturersoftheairindustryandotherhigh-interestmachineryandequipmentindustries,insistthattheserulesbeessentialtoresistthedrawbackofexportvalue-addedtaxissuedbytheEUandsanctifiedbyWTO.

OnlywhenamembergovernmentofWTOappealstocertaindisputeandcomplainsthatitsinterestisbeingunderminedbyanothermembergovernment,willtheDSBgettoknowtheissue.

Inthepastfiveyears,considerablechangeshavetakenplaceintheEuropeanbusinessandindustryenvironment;theprivatestockequitycorporations,whoseappearanceincreasedtheemploymentrateandcreatednewwealth,havebecomethenewsourceofinvestment.

Welchwasnotbornrich,nordidhebecomefamousovernight.Heoutstoodbyhisownstriving.

13.单选题

Thedevelopmentoftoothpastebeganaslongagoas3000/5000BCintheancientcountiesofChinaand304.AccordingtoChinesehistory,Huang-Ticlaimeddifferenttypesofpairfeltinthemouthcouldbecuredbystickinggoldandsilverneedlesintodifferentpartsofthejawandgum.Itwastheoriessuchasthesethatledtothedevelopmentofdentalcream.Duringtheyears3000/5000BC,Egyptiansmadetoothpasteusingarecipeofpowderedashesofhoovesofoxen,myrrh,powderedandburnedeggshellsandpumice.ItisassumedthattheancientEgyptiansusedtheirfingerstorubthemixtureontoteeth.

Thetooshtick,theforerunnerofthetoothbrushhadnot,asfarasisknown,beendiscoveredatthistime.FromtherecordsoftheancientcountriesofIndiaChinaandEgypt,itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.During1000AD,thePersians,gaveadviceonthedangersofusinghardtoothpowderandrecommendationsweremadetomaketoothpowderfromburnthart-shorn,theburntshellsofsnailsandoystersandburnedgypsum.

OtherPersianrecipesincludeddriedanimalparts,herbs,honeyandminerals.Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.

Toothpowderordentifrice,wasfirstavailableinBritaininthelate18thcentury.Itcameinaceramicpotandwasavailableeitherasapowderorpaste.Therichapplieditwithbrushesandthepoorwiththeirfingers.Thepowdersweredevelopedbydoctors,dentistsandchemistsandoftencontainedingredientsthatwerehighlyabrasiveandharmfultotheteeth,suchasbrickdust,china,earthenwareorcuttlefish,andtomakethemmorepalatable,theycontainedglycerin.Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.Inthelate18century,boraxwasintroducedintheU.S.andin,1896,DentalCreamwasfirstpackagedinpowderwasusedtogetthefoamingeffect.In1873,anaromatictoothpasteinajar:collapsibletubes.BeforetheSecondWorldWar,themajorityoftoothpasteonthemarketusedsoapasanemulsifyingagent,eventhoughitwasknownthatsoaphadcertaininherentdefects.

1.Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?

2.Theword"extraction"inline11refersto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheGreeksandRomans（

）.

4.TheauthormentionsthatthePersiansusedtoothpowdersforwhichpurposeotherthancleaningteeth?

5.Accordingtothepassage,strontiumwasmostusefulfor（

）.

问题1选项

A.methodsofcleaningteeth

B.methodsofcaringforteeth

C.developmentoftoothpaste

D.dentalhistory

问题2选项

A.cleaning

B.removal

C.replacement

D.brushing

问题3选项

A.alsodevelopedthetoothbrush

B.hadmoredentalproblemsthanotherculture

C.werethefirsttosupportartificialteeth

D.didnotkeeprecordsoftheirdentalpractices

问题4选项

A.strengthening

B.beautifying

C.coloring

D.extracting

问题5选项

A.concentratingonthegums

B.gettingafoamingeffect

C.reducingsensitivity

D.emulsifyingagent.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要介绍了牙膏出现的理论基础以及古代牙膏的组成成分；第二段主要介绍了古代其他国家对牙膏的改进；第三段简要介绍了古代牙膏的配方；最后一段主要介绍了18世纪到19时间牙膏的改进和发展，因此C选项“牙膏的发展”符合题意。

2.词义题。A选项“清洁”；B选项“移动”；C选项“代替”；D选项“（用刷子）刷”根据题干信息“extraction”定位至文章第二段中，由itwastheGreeksandRomanswhodevelopedandimprovedtoothpasteanddevelopedaleadeninstrumentfortheextractionofteeth.（正是希腊人和罗马人发明并改进了牙膏，并研制出一种用于……牙的铅仪器）可知B选项更符合语境，指拔牙的仪器。

3.推理判断题。根据题干信息“GreeksandRomans”定位至文章第二段中，由Theywerealsothefirsttobindlooseteethtogetherandtosupportartificialteethbymeansofgoldwire.（他们也是第一个把松动的牙齿绑在一起，用金丝支撑人造牙齿的人）可知希腊人和罗马人是第一个制作人造牙齿的人，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Oneformulaforstrengtheningteethincludedgreenlead,verdigris,incense,honeyandpowderedflint-stone.（强化牙齿的配方包括绿铅、紫草、熏香、蜂蜜和粉状火石）可知波斯人的牙粉具有强化牙齿的作用，因此选A。

5.细节事实题。根据题干信息“strontium”定位至文章最后一段中，由Bytheearlynineteenthcentury,theingredientstrontiumwasintroduced,tostrengthenteethandreducesensitivity,butitonlyreallyconcentratedonthegums.（在十九世纪初，，引入了锶成分，以加强牙齿并降低敏感度，但它真正只集中在牙龈上）可知锶有加强牙齿和降低敏感度的作用，因此选C。

14.单选题

Thecourseleaderrequeststhatallthesesarehandedinbefore5:00p.m.nextFriday.

A

B

C

D

问题1选项

A.theses

B.are

C.in

D.nextFriday

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。当表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等主观意向的词（suggest，advise，propose，recommend，demand，request等）引导宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气：（should）+动词原形，should可以省略。

试题答案：B;be

15.翻译题

改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等领域的改革，不断把改革引向深入。要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。

【答案】参考译文：

ReformandopeninguparethefundamentalforcethatdrivesChina’sdevelopmentandprogress.Chinahasenteredacrucialstageofreform,andwemustfurtheremancipateourminds;carryoutall-aroundeconomic,political,culturalandsocialreforms;andconstantlydeepenthem.Weneedtoimprovethesocialistmarketeconomy.Weshouldunwaveringlyconsolidateanddevelopthepublicsectoroftheeconomyandencourage,supportandguidethedevelopmentofthenon-publicsector,soastofosterastructuralenvironmentinwhicheconomicentitiesunderdifferentformsofownershiphaveequalaccesstofactorsofproductioninaccordancewiththelaw,competeonalevelplayingfieldandenjoyequallegalprotection.Weshoulddeepenreformofstate-ownedenterprisesandkeyindustries.

16.单选题

Iwon’thaveawhisky,thankyou.It’snotthatIdon’tdrink,______thatIdon’tdrinkanddrive.

问题1选项

A.butrather

B.butalso

C.except

D.otherwise

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子逻辑。前面和后面构成转折关系。A项butrather“而是，相反地”表示对比；B项butalso“并且”表示强调；C项except“除了”，exceptthat“只可惜，除了……之外”表示转折；D项otherwise“否则”，一般是作为副词来使用，连接并列分句。句意：我不要威士忌，谢谢。不是我不喝，只可惜我不能喝，要开车。根据句意，正确答案为C。

17.单选题

（）bothsidesaccepttheagreement（）alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.

问题1选项

A.Onlyif,will

B.Ifonly,would

C.Should,will

D.Unless,would

【答案】A

【解析】语法题——onlyif的用法。当onlyif位于句首时，其主句的谓语动词要部分倒装，根据四个选项，其谓语动词都提前了，而只有onlyif在句首，才部分倒装。句意：只有双方都接受这项协议，才能在这个地区建立持久的和平。因此A选项正确。

18.单选题

Theyaccepttheimperativeofnewtechnology,butwanttointroduceitinwaysthatprotectasmuchoftheirexistingbusinessaspossible.

问题1选项

A.necessity

B.inevitablecoming

C.stateofart

D.novelty

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.necessity必然；必要B.inevitablecoming不可避免的未来

C.stateofart工艺水平；工艺现状

D.novelty新奇；新颖

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子，imperative在句中是作名词，本意是“重要紧急的事；必要的事”，在这里theimperativeofnewtechnology是指新技术的必要性，imperative在该句中表示“必要性”，A项词义与之相近，故该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】他们接受新技术的必要性，但希望以尽可能保护现有业务的方式引入新技术。

19.单选题

Itisreportedthatthirtypeoplewerekilledina（

）ontherailwayyesterday.

问题1选项

A.collision

B.collaboration

C.corrosion

D.confrontation

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项collision“碰撞”；B选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；C选项corrosion“腐蚀，侵蚀”；D选项confrontation“对抗，面对”，根据空格前后的句子成分判断，这里应该填一个名词，充当介词的宾语，从句意思是“有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生”，可知空格部分单词为“撞击事故”，句意为：据报道有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生。故正确答案A。

20.单选题

PresidentBanda’sbackgroundasadoctorhasgivenhim____intothemedicalproblemthatfacethecountry.

问题1选项

A.aview

B.avision

C.aninsight

D.asight

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析与固定搭配。A选项aview“（~about/onsth）看法，见解”；B选项avision“想象；幻想”；C选项aninsight“对某事的理解”；D选项asight“（看见的或看得见的）事物或景象；一个滑稽可笑的人或物”。句意：班达总统的医生背景使他____这个国家面临的医疗问题。总统的医生背景使他对医疗问题更了解，原文givenhim____intothemedicalproblem，考查固定搭配giveaninsightinto“洞察……；深入了解……”。B选项vision意为“远见卓识”是不可数，C选项最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

21.单选题

Thestudentstakea（）testinMarch,andthemainexamisinJuly.

问题1选项

A.previous

B.preliminary

C.preceded

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】句意:学生们在三月份参加初试，正式考试在七月份

考查形容词辨析。previous先前的；preliminary初步的，预备的；preceded前面的；elementary初步的，基本的。由后面句子关键词“正式考试”可知这里指“初试”，故选B。

22.单选题

Theeconomygrewatitsfastestratesince1980thankstoa(n)（

）inworldtrade.

问题1选项

A.inflation

B.stimulus

C.bulge

D.boom

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。inflation“膨胀；通货膨胀”；stimulus“刺激；激励”；bulge“膨胀；凸出部分”；boom“繁荣”。句意：由于世界贸易的繁荣，经济自1980年以来以最快的速度增长。选项D符合题意。

23.不定项选择题

ConcernfortheenvironmentintheUSextendsbackintothenineteenthcentury,whennatureloversandsportsenthusiastsfirstsoughtprotectionforareasofnaturalbeautyorsignificance.Butitwasnotuntilthelate1960sthatenvironmentalconcernsenteredthemainstreamofAmericanpoliticaldebate.BythenmanyAmericanshadcometotheconclusionthatmoredevelopmentwasnotnecessarilydesirable,especiallyifitmeantmorepollutedair,dyinglakesandrivers,andalandscapestrewnwithunsightlywaste,andcrowdedwithsprawlingconstructionprojects.InMayof1970,severalenvironmentalgroupsstagedthefirstEarthDaycelebration,designedtoheightenpublicawarenessofenvironmentalproblems.Thesuccessofthatinitialeffortledtoitbecomingaregularannualevent.

Duringthe1950sand1960s,industrialandvehiclepollutionlevelshadbecomeaseriousthreattopublichealth,sotheenvironmentalmovementofthisperiodfocusedheavilyonrestoringandensuringthecleanlinessofbasicairandwatersupplies.Rapidlyexpandingdevelopmentpressureswerealsospurringeffortstopreserveuniquelandsandthreatenedwildlifehabitatsandtoprotecttheendangeredspeciessupportedbythembeforetheyvanishedintoextinction.Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhundredsoftownsthattooktheinitiativeincleaninguptheirowncommunities.Duringthe1970s,thislocalactivismreinforcedsupportforthepassageofkeylawsatthenationallevel,suchastheCleanWaterAct,CleanAirAct,EndangeredSpeciesAct,andNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct,whichtogetherhaveconstitutedthefoundationforenvironmentalstandardsintheUSeversince.

Inadditiontothisnationallegislation,theyearafterthefirstEarthDay,byexecutiveorder,PresidentNixonestablishedtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA);anorganizationdedicatedtorestoringandprotectingtheenvironment.[A]TheEPAspearheadedmanycontemporaryeffortstoprotecttheenvironment,butitwasnotworkingalone.[B]ItwasalliedwithawidevarietyofdistinctlydifferentandseparateorganizationstomanythousandsofsmallerspecialInterestgroupsandevenindividualsworkingatthelocallevel.[C]TheEPAhasnowbecomeoneofthegovernment’slargestandmostinfluentialregulatoryagencies.Throughitsowneffortsandincooperationwithotherorganizations,ithasearnedalargemeasureofcreditforprotectingandrestoringthequalityoftheenvironmentintheUnitedStates.[D]

Althoughonemightassumethatthecauseofenvironmentprotectionwouldengenderuniversalsupport,itdoeshaveitsdetractors.Onecriticismthathasbeenleveledagainstthemovementistheclaimthatitspredictionsaboutthedireconsequencesofenvironmentaldamagehaveoftenbeeninerror.Environmentalistscounterthisassertionbypointingoutthattheirwarningshaveoftenbroughtaboutchangesonthepartofthepublic,thegovernmentandprivateindustry,andthatthesechangespreventedthepredictionsfrombeingrealized.However,justasitisoftenverydifficulttogaugetheimpactofhumanactivityonsomethingascomplexastheenvironment.Itisequallydifficulttodeterminewhichsideisrightinthisdebate.Becauseenvironmentalissuescoversuchawiderangeofconcerns,thisisaquestionthatmustbeconsideredonacasebycasebasis.Thesevoicesofdissenthavedemonstratedtoenvironmentaliststheneedtoapplyquantitativemethodsinassessingtheextentofthedestructiontheyhavewitnessed,orthedegreetowhichtheirworkhasbeenmanifestedinactualimprovementoftheenvironment.

Howevervocalthecriticsofenvironmentalprotectioneffortsmaybe,giventheveryconsiderablebodyofenvironmentallegislationthatexists,itissafetoassumethattheirviewsdonotrepresentthemajorityopinion.Privateadvocacygroups,theEPS,statelegislaturesandCongresshaveworkedtogethertoenactnumerouslawsregardingairandwaterquality,landuseandwastemanagement.Thatshouldbeevidenceenoughofthebroadextentofthepopularsupportthatunderliesthemovement.

13.Onwhichofthefollowingdoesthepassagemainlyfocus?

14.Accordingtoparagraph2,whywastheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsowidelysuccessful?

15.Accordingtoparagraph3,whichofthefollowingaccuratelydescribeshowtheEPAhelpedtheenvironmentalmovement?

16.Accordingtoparagraph4,whatwasacommoncriticismoftheenvironmentalmovement?

17.Accordingtothepassage,whateffectdidthecriticismoftheenvironmentalmovementhave?

18.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheitalicizedsentenceinthepassage?Incorrectchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysorleaveoutessentialinformation.

19.Theworddireinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

20.LookatthefoursquaresmarkedA,B,C,andDthatindicatewherethefollowingsentencecouldbeaddedtothepassage.

ThankstotheadditionalhelpofenvironmentallyconsciouspoliticalfiguresinthemoldofTeddyRoosevelt,whonearlyacenturybeforeestablishedthefirstnationalparksintheUSA,themovementgainedmomentum.

Wherewouldthefollowingmostlikelyfitinthepassage(A,B,C,orD)?

21.Theworddissentinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.EarthDay’simpactontheenvironmentalmovement.

B.Howtoprotecttheenvironmentoftheplanet.

C.Theenvironmentalprotectionmovementandhowitbegan.

D.ThesuccessoftheEPAinprotectingnaturalresources.

问题2选项

A.Itprotectedplantsandanimalspeoplecaredabout.

B.Itfunctionedwellatthelocallevel.

C.Itvotedunsympatheticpoliticiansoutofoffice.

D.Itforcedratificationofimportantnationallaws.

问题3选项

A.Itcoordinatedactionatthelocalandnationallevels.

B.Itobtainedpresidentialsupport.

C.Ittookoverfromlocalorganizationstoexpediteaction.

D.Itprovidedfundingtolocalorganizations.

问题4选项

A.Itsuggestedmeasuresthatwouldharmtheeconomy.

B.Itspredictionscouldnotbepreventedthroughpracticalaction.

C.Thatitlackedthesupportneededtomakeanyrealprogress.

D.Theenvironmentaldamageitclaimedwasnotseen.

问题5选项

A.Itcausedtheenvironmentaliststochangetheirmethods.

B.Itdecreasedfederalassistanceforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItdiminishedpopularsupportfortheEPA.

D.Itrevitalizedsupportfortheenvironmentalprotectionmovement.

问题6选项

A.Criticsofthemovementweresuccessfulindissuadingmanyenvironmentalistsfromsupportingsomeofthemoredrasticmeasuresthathadbeensuggestedbyquestioningthequantitativemethodstheyemployed.

B.Opponentsoftheenvironmentalprotectionmovementsucceededingettingtheactiviststotakeanother,moreobjective,approachtosubstantiatingtheirclaims.

C.Peoplewhodisagreedwiththeenvironmentalistseventuallywereabletopersuademanythatthemethodsemployedbytheenvironmentalmovementwereinvalidandtheirconclusionincorrect.

D.Membersofenvironmentalgroupswerereluctanttoemployquantitativemethodsinassessingenvironmentaldamagebecausetheyfelttheresultsmightnotsubstantiatetheirclaims.

问题7选项

A.unrealized

B.possible

C.grave

D.imaginary

问题8选项

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

问题9选项

A.opposition

B.support

C.indifference

D.ambivalence

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:C

第9题:A

【解析】13.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了地球日环保活动的起源，接着介绍了不同人群在环保运动中对环境保护做出的努力和取得的成果，说明本文的主要内容是介绍环保运动的起源和发展。因此C选项“环保运动及其开始的过程”正确。A选项“地球日对环保运动的影响”，D选项“环保局在保护自然资源方面的成功”都只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章的全部内容，所以A，D错误。B选项“如何保护地球的环境”表述太过宽泛，所以B错误。

14.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheenvironmentalprotectionmovementwassosuccessfulbecauseofitsgrassrootssupport,groupsofactivistsinhu