考研考博-英语-北京科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京科技职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

TheAfricanelephant—mythicsymbolofacontinent,keystoneofitsecologyandthelargestlandanimalremainingonearth—hasbecometheobjectofoneofthebiggest,broadestinternationaleffortsyetmountedtoturnathreatenedspeciesofftheroadtoextinction.Butitisnotonlytheelephant'ssurvivalthatisatstake,conservationistssay.Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment.Asavoraciouseaterofvegetation,itlargelyshapestheforest-and-savannasurroundingsinwhichitlives,therebysettingthetermsofexistenceformillionsofotherstoriedanimals-fromzebrastogazellestogiraffesandwildebeests—thatshareitshabitatAndastheelephantdisappears,scientistsandconservationistssay,manyotherspecieswillalsodisappearfromvaststretchesofforestandsavanna,drasticallyalteringandimpoverishingwholeecosystems.

Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironmentandthereforeanimportantcreatorofhabitat.Inaconstantsearchforthe300poundsofvegetationitmusthaveeveryday,itkillssmalltreesandunderbrushandpullsbranchesoffbigtreesashighasitstrunkwillreach.ThiscreatesinnumerableopenspacesinbothdeeptropicalforestsandinthewoodlandsthatcoverpartoftheAfricansavannas.Theresultingpatchwork,amosaicofvegetationinvariousstagesofregeneration,inturncreatesagreatervarietyofforagethatattractsagreatervarietyofothervegetation-eatersthanwouldotherwisebethecase.

Instudiesoverthelast20yearsinsouthernKenyanearMountKilimanjaro,Dr.Westernhasfoundthatwhenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities."Theirforagingcreatesamixtureofsavannawoodlands(whattheAfricanscallbush)andgrassland.Theresultisahighlydiversearrayofotherplant-eatingspecies:thoselikethezebra,wildebeestandgazelle,thatgraze:thoselikethegiraffe,bushbuckandlesserkudu,thatbrowseontendershoots,buds,twigsandleaves;andplant-eatingprimateslikethebaboonandvervetmonkey.Theseherbivoresattractcarnivoreslikethelionandcheetah.

Whentheelephantpopulationthinsout.Dr.Westernsaid,thewoodlandsbecomedenserandthegrazersaresqueezedout.Whenpressurefrompoachersforceselephantstocrowdmoredenselyontoreservations,thewoodlandsthereareknockedoutandthebrowsersandprimatesdisappear.

Somethingsimilarappearstohappenindensetropicalrainforests.Intheirnaturalstate,becausetheoverheadforestcanopyshutsoutsunlightandpreventsgrowthontheforestfloor,rainforestsprovideslimpickingsforlarge,hoofedplant-eaters.Bypullingdowntreesandeatingnewgrowth,elephantsenlargenaturalopeningsinthecanopy,allowingplantstoregenerateontheforestfloorandbringingdownvegetationfromthecanopysothatsmallerspeciescangetatit.

Insuchsituations,therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammalssuchasbongos,bushpigs,duikers,foresthogs,swampantelopes,forestbuffaloes,okapis,sometimesgorillasandalwaysahostofsmalleranimalsthatthriveonsecondarygrowth.Whenelephantsdisappearandtheforestreverts,thelargermammalsgivewaytosmaller,nimbleranimalslikemonkeys,squirrelsandrodents.

1.Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（）.

2.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthormentionstigersandwhalesinordertoemphasizewhichpointabouttheelephant?

3.Anecessarycomponentoftheelephant'sabilitytotransformthelandscapeisits（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthorsattitudetowardthedamagetovegetationcausedbyforagingelephants?

问题1选项

A.explainingwhyelephantsarefacingthethreatofextinction

B.explainingdifficultiesinprovidingsufficientforageforplant-eaters

C.explaininghowtheelephantsimpactonitssurroundingsaffectsotherspecies

D.distinguishingbetweensavannasandrainforestsashabitatsforelephants

问题2选项

A.Likethem,Ufacesthethreatofextinction.

B.Itisherbivorousratherthancarnivorous.

C.Itisthelargestextantlandmammal.

D.Unlikethem,itphysicallyaltersitsenvironment.

问题3选项

A.massiveintelligence

B.threatenedextinction

C.ravenoushunger

D.lackofgrace

问题4选项

A.thenaturaltendencyofelephantsistocrowdtogetherinpacks

B.theelephantisdependentupontheexistenceofsmallerplant-eatingmammalsforitssurvival

C.elephantshaveanindirecteffectonthehuntingpatternsofcertaincarnivores

D.thefloorofthetropicalrainforestistooovergrowntoaccommodatelargerplant-eatingspecies

问题5选项

A.Itisanunfortunateby-productofthefeedingprocess.

B.Itisanecessarybutundesirableaspectofelephantpopulationgrowth.

C.Itfortuitouslyresultsincreatingenvironmentssuitedtodiversespecies.

D.Ithastheunexpectedadvantagethatitallowsscientistsaccesstotherainforest

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.本文主要是讲述大象能够改变居住环境,从而影响其他物种的生存,选项C正确。

2.根据关键词"tigers""whales"定位到第一段第三句"Unliketheendangeredtiger,unlikeeventhegreatwhales,theAfricanelephantisingreatmeasurethearchitectofitsenvironment."不像濒临灭绝的老虎,甚至不像大型鲸鱼,非洲象在很大程度上是环境的建筑师。也就是说大象能够改变环境,选项D符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第一句"Itistheelephant'smetabolismandappetitethatmakeitadisturberoftheenvironment"大象能够改变环境是因为它们的新陈代谢和食欲。选项C正确。

4.根据第三段第一句"whenelephantsareallowedtoroamdiesavannasnaturallyandnormally,theyspreadoutat"intermediatedensities.""可知,大象不是群居动物,所以选项A错误;根据倒数第二段的内容可知,选项B表达的刚好是相反的情况,所以错误;根据最后一段的第一句"...therainforestbecomeshospitabletolargeplant-eatingmammals..."可知选项D错误。根据第三段的内容可知,大象改变环境会产生种类繁多的食草动物,食草动物又吸引了食肉动物。也就是说大象对某些食肉动物的捕猎方式有间接影响。选项C符合原文内容。

5.结合全文内容可知,大象改变环境给其他物种创造了适宜其生存的环境,这是偶然性的而不是大象刻意为之的,所以选项C正确。

2.单选题

Becausemanyofthemineralsfoundontheoceanfloorarestill（

）onland,whereminingisrelativelyinexpensive,miningtheoceanfloorhasyettobecomea（

）enterprise.

问题1选项

A.scarce;common

B.accessible;marginal

C.unidentified;subsidized

D.plentiful;profitable

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。先看第一个空白处的选项，scarce“缺乏的，罕见的”；accessible“可到达的，可接近的，易懂的”，这个词的用法比较灵活；unidentified“不能辨认的，无法识别的”；plentiful“大量的，充足的”，根据题目前面部分中的关键词still和整个句意‘由于海底发现的许多矿物在陆地上仍然大量存在，且陆地上开采又相对廉价，因此，对海底开采还有待于变成一种有利可图的事业’推断出第一个空可以填plentiful或者accessible。再看填入第二个空白处的选项，common“普通的，常见的”；marginal“边缘的，末端的”；subsidized“补贴的，补助的”；profitable“有利的，赢利的”，根据题目后部分形容陆地上开采的relativelyinexpensive和关键词yet可以推断出第二个空应该填profitable,故答案选项为D。

3.单选题

Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidly（）itisclosertothesun.

问题1选项

A.when

B.or

C.than

D.wherever

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项when“当……时候”；B选项or“或者”；C选项than“比”；D选项wherever“无论在哪里”。句意：当地球离太阳较近时，它的公转速度稍快一些。故A项符合句意。

4.单选题

Paintingsarestatic.Theuniquenessoftheexperienceoflookingatapaintingrepeatedly—overaperiodofdaysoryears—isthat,inthemidstofflux,theimageremainschangeless.Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchangingthesamemilkflowingfromthesamejug,thewavesontheseawithexactlythesameformationunbroken,thesmileandthefacewhichhavenotaltered.

Onemightbetemptedtosaythatpaintingspreserveamoment.Yetonreflectionthisisobviouslyuntrue.Forthemomentofapainting,unlikeamomentphotographed,neverexistedassuch.Andsoapaintingcannotbesaidtopreserveit.

Ifapainting"stops",time,itisnot,likeaphotograph,preservingamomentofthepastfromthesupersessionofsucceedingmoments.Iamthinkingoftheimagewithintheframe,thescenewhichisdepicted.Clearlyifoneconsidersanartist'slife-workorthehistoryofart,oneistreatingpaintingsasbeing,partly,recordsofthepast,evidenceofwhathasbeen.Yetthishistoricalview,whetherusedwithinaMarxistoridealisttradition,haspreventedmostartexpertsfromconsidering—orevennoticing―theproblemofhowtimeexists(ordoesnot)withinpainting.

InearlyRenaissanceart,inpaintingsfromnon-Europeancultures,incertainmodemworks,theimageimpliesapassageoftime.Lookingatit,thespectatorseesbefore,duringandafter.TheChinesesagetakesawalkfromonetreetoanother,thecarriagerunsoverthechild,thenudedescendsthestaircase.Andthisofcoursehasbeenanalyzedandcommentedupon.Yettheensuingimageisstillstaticwhilstreferringtothedynamicworldbeyonditsedges,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.Strangebecauseitisbothsoflagrantandsotakenforgranted.

Paintersthemselvespractiseapartialanswer,evenifitremainsunformulatedinwords.Whenisapaintingfinished?Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—likethesecondshoeofapair—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.ThelongorshortprocessofpaintingapictureistheprocessofconstructingthefuturemomentswhenitwillbelookedatInreality,despitethepainter'sideal,thesemomentscannotbeentirelydetermined.Theycanneverbeentirelyfilledbythepainting.Neverthelessthepaintingisentirelyaddressedtothesemoments.

Whetherthepainterisahackoramastermakesnodifferencetothe"address"ofthepainting.Thedifferenceisinwhatapaintingdelivers;inhowcloselythemomentofitsbeinglookedat,asforeseenbythepainter,correspondstotheinterestsoftheactualmomentsofitsbeinglookedatlaterbyotherpeople,whenthecircumstancessurroundingitsproduction(patronage,fashion,ideology)havechanged.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

2.Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inthelastlineofthe4thparagraphreferto?

3.Whenisapaintingfinishedaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat().

5.Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe().

问题1选项

A.Aspecificmomentispreservedthetimeapaintingiscreated.

B.Thecontentofapaintingremainsstaticthoughitsimplicationmaykeepchanging.

C.Apaintingstopstimeinthatitdepictsamomentofthepastandfixesitwithintheframe.

D.AMarxistviewtendstoseeapaintingaschangingallthetime.

问题2选项

A.Theensuingimage.

B.Theproblem.

C.Themeaningofthecontrast

D.Thecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.

问题3选项

A.Whenitrealisticallydepictssomethingintherealworld.

B.Whentheartistforeseeshowhispaintingwillbereceivedbythepublic.

C.Whenthemomentofitsbeinglookedatcorrespondstotheartist’sexpectationofhowit'sgoingtobelookedat.

D.Whentheartistcandeterminethemomentwhenitwillbelookedat.

问题4选项

A.imagesinsomeRenaissancepaintingsmayhotnecessarilybestatic

B.paintingsbyahackorbyamasterarethesameinthattheyaddressthesamepeople

C.whetherapaintingisstaticordynamicisdeterminednotbythepainterbutbythosewholookatit

D.unlikeapainting,aphotographcanpreserveamoment

问题5选项

A.PaintingandTime

B.PaintersandTheirWorks

C.TheStaticandtheDynamic

D.TheHistoryofPaintingasaFormofArt

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第一段的第三句“Ofcoursethesignificanceoftheimagemaychange,asaresultofeitherhistoricalorpersonaldevelopments,butdepictedisunchanging.”选项B一幅画的内容保持不变,尽管它的含义可能不断变化,正确。

2.根据上一句“...,andthisposestheproblemofwhatisthemeaningofthatstrangecontrastbetweenstaticanddynamic.”这就产生了一个问题：静态和动态之间的这种奇怪对比究竟是什么意思。所以正确答案为D。

3.根据第五段的第三句“Notwhenitfinallycorrespondstosomethingalreadyexisting—...—butwhentheforeseenidealmomentofitbeinglookedatisfilledasthepainterfeelsorcalculatesitshouldbefilled.”选项C符合原文。

4.根据原文可推断出选项C正确,一幅画是静态的还是动态的不是由画家决定的,而是由观看者决定的。

5.根据原文内容可知选项D更符合原文。选项A,B,C都只是其中的一部分。

5.单选题

Hardy’sweakness（）hisapparentinabilitytocontrolthecomingsandgoingsoftheseimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnesstocultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.

问题1选项

A.layin

B.gaveriseto

C.shedlighton

D.derivedfrom

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。liein“躺在”；giveriseto“引起”；shedlighton“使清楚地显出；derivefrom“源自”。句意：哈代的缺点一方面源于没有能力控制好各种不同的创作冲动，另一方面源于他不愿意去培养和保持那些充满活力和冒险的想法。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.Indevelopingthisprovocativesubject,hehasproduced,practically,amanualthatwillbeextremelyhelpfultoanyonedoingbusinesswiththeJapanese.Itisparticularlyrecommendedforthefirst-timevisitortotheLandoftheRisingSun.

TheanalysisoftheadvanceofmodernJapanoverthepast100yearssincetheMeijieragivesamostpenetratinginsightintothebackgroundandforcesthathavebroughtthisfascinatingcountrytowhereshenowisthethirdeconomicpowerintheworlD.WillJapanbecomenumberonebytheyear2000?ThisisthecontroversialquestionGuilianattemptstoanswer,andwhiledoingsounfoldsacompositechronicleofthefactorsthathavecontributedtoJapan'samazinggrowthoverthepasttwentyyears,andthatwillsupportthedrivetowardtheobjectivesofthenextthirtyyears.

Mr.GuilianistheFarEasternrepresentativeofLeMonde,andexhibitsanintimateknowledgeoftheJapanesepeopleandthereasonsfortheirfanaticaldevotiontothedoctrineofthepasttwodecades;economicgrowthaboveallelse.However,itfailstogivefullrecognitiontorecenteventsthattendstoquestiontheeasewithwhichtheracewillberunintheeightiesandnineties.Japanisgoingthroughanevolution.WereadincurrentnewspapersabouttheJapanesehousewifeforsakinghertraditionalimageofdocility,andobjectingtoprices,quality,andservice.TheJapaneseworker,whoisbecomingmoreoffbeathasreachedthepointwherehenolongerwantstoacceptalowstandardofliving;evenJapaneseengineershavenowbeenorganizedintocollectivebargaininggroups.Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity,andJapanoftheManagersfacesseveretestastowhetheraneconomicslowdownwillprevailortheracewillcontinueatthesameunabatedpace.

Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannotwasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces.

Hecreditstheleadersoftheeconomywithearlyrecognitionofthefactthatwewillbebilgedtoliveinaworldthathasbeenradicallychangedbytherevolutionofthehighlyscientificindustriessuchasthepetrochemicalfieldandtheyquicklydevotedtheresourcescededforexpansioninthesecapital-hungryindustries.

HedelvesintothedaringandunorthodoxfinancialmethodsusedbytheManagersandtheadventurousspiritofthebankerswhoarebackedbytheBankofJapan.Thesepoliciessupportedtherapidacquisitionofthelatestpatents,processes,andequipment,andthebuildingofthemostmodernfactoriesandplant.Thishasresultedinleadershipinmanysegmentsofindustrysuchasjournalism,masstourism,transportation,steel,ship-building,electronics,television,radio,cameras,watches,plastics,motorcycles,andperhapsonthehorizon”automobiles.ItisinterestingtouschemicalengineersandchemiststhatMr.Guilianreferstohugeethyleneproductioncenterswiththeirenormoustowersandmetalspheresas"thenewshrinesoftheJapanoftheyear2000,theprodigioustemplesofthegodindustry.”

TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingofJapan,itshistory,politics,foreignpolicy,defensestrategy,relationswithRedChinaandRussia,Zaikai(bigbusinessgroups),financialinstitutions,tradingcompaniesmanagersunions,educationalstandards,wagestructure,technologicaldevelopments,andthepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe"bicycleeconomy"pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.

1.Thisarticle（）.

2.Thereviewer'sattitudetowardsthebookis（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle（）.

4.Accordingtothewriterofthebookthegreatnesswithoutbombwillbeachieved（）.

5.Whatisprobablymeantby“bicycleeconomy”?

问题1选项

A.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian.

B.iswrittenbyMartinM.Ramer.

C.istranslatedfromFrenchbyPatrickO'Brian.

D.iswrittenbyRobertGuilian,translatedbyPatrickO5BrianandreviewedbyMartinM.Ramer.

问题2选项

A.skeptical

B.doubtful

C.thatofapproval

D.indifferent

问题3选项

A.productivityinJapanisdevelopingmorequicklythanthewageraise

B.thewageraiseandproductivityaredevelopingatthesamespeed.

C.thewageraisesurpassestheproductiongrowth.

D.economicdevelopmentwillseeaslowdowninthefutureinJapan.

问题4选项

A.througheconomicdevelopmentattheexpenseofarmament

B.througheconomicdevelopmentinaccordancewitharmament

C.throughthereplacementofthemilitarygovernmentbythegovernmentofmanagers

D.throughtheimplementationofcorrectpolicyineconomicdevelopment

问题5选项

A.thedevelopmentofbicycleindustry

B.keepingthebalanceintheeconomicrace

C.forgingaheadintheeconomicrace

D.independenceandself-relianceineconomicdevelopment

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。通过题干关键词定位到原文第一句“TherebirthofJapanfromtheruinsofWorldWarIIanditsracetotheyear2000isthethemeofRobertGuilian’snewbookTheJapaneseChallenge.”中文翻译：日本从第二次世界大战废墟中的重生及其到2000年的竞赛，这是罗伯特•吉利安新书《日本的挑战》的主题。因此答案为选项A。

2.观点态度题。通过题干定位到原文最后一段“TheJapaneseChallengeisrecommendedreadingforthoseseekinganunderstandingof...”，中文翻译：对于那些寻求理解……的人，《日本的挑战》推荐阅读。可知最佳答案为C选项。

3.细节事实题。根据选项内容定位到文章“Japaniscaughtupinthespiralofwagesrisingmorerapidlythanproductivity.”，中文翻译：日本正处于工资增长速度超过生产率的螺旋上升中。可知答案选择C“工资增长超过了生产增长”。

4.细节事实题。根据题干关键词greatnesswithoutthebomb定位到文章Mr.GuilianexplainshowtheGovernmentoftheManagershasreplacedtheGovernmentoftheGenerals,andhasbeenabletomaintainthenationalpolicyofindustrialexpansionandachieved"greatnesswithoutthebomb.”TheManagersareconvincedthatinthefuturetheonlyrealpowerwillbeeconomicpower,andthatJapancannot,wasteitsstrengthinmilitarybattlesorarmamentraces。中文翻译为：吉利安先生解释了管理人的政府是如何取代将军政府的，以及如何能一直维持国家的工业扩张政策，实现“没有战争的伟大”。管理者们相信，未来唯一的真正实力将是经济实力，日本不能在军事战争或军备竞赛中浪费自己的力量。可知，D项符合题目描述。

5.词义猜测题。根据题干可定位到原文“thepeoplethemselvesthatkeepthe‘bicycleeconomy’pressingonwardintheeconomicrace.”中文翻译为：那些在经济竞赛中继续推动“自行车经济”奋力向前的人。综合可知。C选项为正确答案。

7.单选题

Akilnisatypeofoveninwhichclayis（

）sothatithardensintoaformofceramicmaterial.

问题1选项

A.repaired

B.baked

C.melted

D.lightened

【答案】B

【解析】repair修理，修补；bake烤，烘焙；melt使融化，使软化；lighten使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。

8.单选题

Almostalllibrariesarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheir（）now.

问题1选项

A.digest

B.budget

C.supplement

D.stocking

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。digest“文摘，摘要”；budget“预算”；supplement“增补品，补品”；stocking“长筒袜”。句意：几乎所有的图书馆现在都发现他们的开支越来越难以保持在预算之内。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Ontopofthebarrenhill（）apagoda,whichwasn’treallythattallwhenseenonlevelground.Viewedatthefootofthehill,however,itsureseemedlikealittleTowerofBabel.

问题1选项

A.prompted

B.erected

C.stood

D.squatted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prompted“促进；激起”；B选项erected“使直立；竖立”；C选项stood“竖立着”；D选项squatted“蹲坐”。句意：荒山顶上……一座宝塔，从平地上看并不算高。然而，但是从山脚下看过去犹如一个小小通天塔。关键词pagoda“宝塔”，意思是在山顶上有一座宝塔，其中的动词还可以替换为矗立着，竖立着进行替换。因此C选项符合题意。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromChineseintoEnglish.

谁能否认海的伟大呢？我爱海，并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽，和藏在海底那许多有趣的玩意儿，而是爱她的胸襟广阔，化污秽为清洁。她容纳无数的细流，尽管她们的颜色有黑的也有黄的，一旦流到了海的怀抱，便立刻变成碧绿的了。碧绿是代表和平，代表一种静美。一个人，哪怕他的脾气有如虎狼那么凶暴，我相信如果常住在海滨，一定会变得和羔羊一般驯良；同时，那些心怀狭隘的人，如果常与海做朋友，我相信他也会改变成豪爽，痛快的性格。

我对于海，好像着了魔似的一天比一天迷恋起来，我爱它，甚至一天也不能离开它。有时清早起来便奔向海滨，迎着血红的太阳由海边升起；有时特地在阳光将要落山的吋候，去领略海滩的黄昏滋味。我更爱看菇立在海中央的灯塔，我佩服那守灯塔的人，他每天机械地守住自己的岗位，给与往来的航行者一种光明的指示；假若没有他，这海而将被黑暗所包围，来往的船只，随吋都有触着暗礁的危险。

【答案】Thereisnodenyingthemightinessofthesea.Ilovehernotonlybecauseshehasthebeautifulhuesandmanyintriguingobjectshiddendeepunderneathher,butalsobecausesheisbroadandliberalenoughtoturnthefoulintothepure.Thenumeroussmallriversthatsheaccommodatesmaybeofablackoryellowcolor,butoncetheyflowintoherbosom,theyinstantlytakeonthegreencolorsignifyingpeaceandtranquility.Apersonwithaterrifyinghottemperwillbecome,Ibelieve,asmeekasalambafteralongstaybytheseashore.Likewise,Ibelieveanarrow-mindedpersonwillbecometolerantandopen-heartedifheoftenkeepscompanywiththesea.

11.单选题

Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlingsdowntothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you’dthinkthesecreatureswouldatleasthavethegratitudenottogoextinct.

ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“threatened”to“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.

Theobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean.“Thethreatisfromcommercialfishing,”saysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.

Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.

1.Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness"(Line1，Para.2)?

3.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?

4.Howdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?

5.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto（）.

问题1选项

A.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurvive

B.effortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingout

C.governmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles,extinction

D.marinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproduction

问题2选项

A.Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.

B.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.

C.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.

D.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.

问题3选项

A.Theirinadequatefoodsupply.

B.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.

C.Theirlowerreproductionability.

D.Contaminationofseawater.

问题4选项

A.Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.

B.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.

C.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.

D.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.

问题5选项

A.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtles

B.stressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotected

C.callforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles’survival

D.warnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspecies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中“AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.”，中文翻译为：一堵令人生畏的官僚主义墙已经竖起来保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要筑巢地。B选项“已经做出保护海龟免于灭绝的努力”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第二段“…areportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles...”，中文翻译为：一份由鱼类与野生生物服务局提供的报道显示，几种北大西洋海龟的数量出现了令人担忧的下降。以及参考第一段“AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.”，中文翻译为：一堵令人生畏的官僚主义墙已经竖起来保护它们在大西洋海岸线上的主要筑巢地。因此，D项正确，译为“尽管人类的保护，但是海龟的数量已减少”。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文第三段“Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.”，中文翻译为：拖网渔船（其拖着巨大的网穿过海域和海底的）和多钩长线渔船（其能在延伸数英里的钓线上布置数以千计的钩子）让海龟遭受重创。可以推测出B选项正确，译为“未受管理的商业捕鱼”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词globalwarming可以定位到原文最后一段中“Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.”，中文翻译为：海龟产卵的狭窄带状海滩地带，一方面正被发展所挤压，在另一方面受到海洋变暖所带来的海平面不断上升的威胁。可以得知A选项正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段最后一句话“Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurswillmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.”，中文翻译为：最后，我们必须也着手处理这些事情，否则一种比恐龙活得长的动物将会在人类的手中走向灭亡，从而让我们的后代去想知道如此丑陋的生物如何得到如此多的关爱。可以推测出C选项“呼吁采取有效的措施来确保海龟的生存”正确。

12.单选题

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