考研考博-英语-常州工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-常州工业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration—atasksomecomputersecurityconsultantssayisnearlyimpossible.Plansfortheprivatenetwork,calledGovnet,hingeonwhetherareliablenetworkinfrastructurecanbebuiltatanaffordableprice,officialssaid.Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds.RichardClarke,whowasappointedspecialadvisertothepresidentforcyberspacesecuritythisweek,saidhebelievesamorereliablesystemcanbebuilt.Ninetypercentofavailablefiber-opticspaceisunusedandfairlyinexpensivetoobtain,hesaid.

GovnetispartofaplanClarkeannouncedearlierthisweektosecureourcyberspacefromarangeofpossiblethreats,fromhackerstocriminalstoterroristgroups,toforeignnations,whichmightusecyber-waragainstusinthefuture.GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment’splan.TherequestfromtheGeneralServicesAdministrationasksthattelecommunicationscompaniessubmitproposalsabouthowthenetworkcouldbebuilt,howmuchitwouldcost,andhowlongitwouldtaketoconstruct.

Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses.ThesystemwasalsoroughedupbytheCodeRedcomputerwormandanattackprogramcalled“ILoveYou'.Thevirusesaffectedthousandsofgovernmentcomputers.LastyearareportbytheGeneralAccountingOffice,aninternalgovernmentwatchdog,foundweaknessesinthecomputernetworkthatcouldallowterroristsorhackerstoseverelydamageordisruptnationaldefenseorvitalpublicoperationsorstealsensitivedata.Clarkesaidthegovernment’scurrentvirtualprivatenetworkisvulnerabletovirusesanddenial-of-serviceattacksthatwouldmakeitmoredifficulttoexecuteGovnet.

Aninternalnetwork,suchastheGovnetproposal,isworthinvestigatingbutwillprobablyfalltosophisticatedhackers,saidAmitYoran.chiefexecutiveofthesecurity-servicescompanyRiptechInc.andaformerinformation-securityprogramdirectorattheDefenseDepartment."Itisprobablymorefeasibletoimplementandstronglyenforceglobalsecurityposturesandpracticesratherthangooutandpurchasenewassets.”Yoransaid.“Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks.Someonewillgetin.”

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisGovnet?

2.ItisimpliedthatsomecomputerconsultantsconsiderGovnettobealmostimpossiblebecause（）.

3.BywhatmeanswillGovnetrealizetheenhancementofthegovernment’scyber-security?

4.WhatAmitYoransaidamountstodenying（）.

5.Theinitiativeforconstructinganinternalnetworkstemsfrom（）.

问题1选项

A.Areliablenetworkinfrastructurethatcanbebuiltatanaffordableprice.

B.Agovernmentcomputernetworkthatmayproveimmunetopenetration.

C.Anationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedbythegovernment.

D.Aprivatenationalsecuritysystemtobedevelopedagainstoutsideinvasion.

问题2选项

A.aconsiderablecostwillberequired

B.thereisn’tareliablenetworkinfrastructureyet

C.itistotallydifferentfromtheInternet

D.notelecommunicationscompanycanaffordit

问题3选项

A.Bysteppingupitsvirus-killingsoftware.

B.Byscanningforvirusesandattacksconstantly.

C.BysecludingitselffromtheInternet.

D.Byestablishinganinternalwatchdogcommittee.

问题4选项

A.thefeasibilityofbuildingasecurityprogram

B.theefficiencyofthepresentnetworkincounteringoutsideattacks

C.theconceivedsecurityofGovnet

D.thepossibilityofenhancingthesecurityofthegovernmentnetwork

问题5选项

A.thevulnerabilityofthepresentnetworktooutsideattacks

B.theimprovementinnetworksecuritytechnology

C.thedesiretobuildastrongernationaldefensesystem

D.theproposalssubmittedbytelecommunicationscompanies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。Govnet的意思可参考首句:Thegovernment’snewcyber-securityofficialsyesterdayaskedtelecommunicationscompaniesforhelpinbuildingagovernmentcomputernetworkthatwouldhavenoriskofoutsidepenetration(政府新的网络安全官员昨天要求电信公司帮助建立一个不会受到外来入侵威胁的政府计算机网络)。由此可知，B项“一个可能证明免于侵入的政府计算机网络”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Computersystemconsultantssaidtheycouldnotestimatehowmuchthenetworkwouldcostbecauseofthegovernment’senormoussizeandsecurityneeds(计算机系统顾问们称，由于政府的巨大规模和安全需要，所以他们无法估算该网络的花费)。由此可知A项“需要相当大的花费”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出:GovnetwouldbecompletelyindependentfromtheInternettohelpkeepouthackersandviruses,accordingtothegovernment'splan(根据政府的计划，Govnet将完全独立于互联网，以帮助抵御黑客和病毒)。由此可知C项“通过让自身与互联网隔离开”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位至最后一段Yoran所说:Oncesomeoneisabletogetin,theywillfindaweaklink.Whenyouhaveanetworkthesizeofthegovernment’stherewillbeweaklinks(一旦有人能够进入，那么他们将会找到一个薄弱的连接。当你有一个政府网络大小的网络时，这里将会有薄弱的连接)。因此，选C项“(Yoran所说的等于否定了)设想的政府网络的安全性”。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意为:构建内部网络的倡议来自于…。倒数第二段指出:Thisyear,thecurrentnetworkhasbeenbreachedbyhackers,computerwormsandviruses(今年，现在的网络被黑客、计算机蠕虫和病毒攻破过)。因此，A项“现在的网络对外来攻击的脆弱性”正确。

2.单选题

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassicalmusiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestra—thathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbert,isagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowithmerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.

46.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas______.

47.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois_______.

48.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers______.

49.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

50.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels______.

问题1选项

A.incurredcriticism

B.raisedsuspicion

C.receivedacclaim

D.arousedcuriosity

问题2选项

A.influential

B.modest

C.respectable

D.talented

问题3选项

A.ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances

B.rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances

C.exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances

D.overestimatethevalueofliveperformances

问题4选项

A.Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

B.Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

C.Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

D.Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

问题5选项

A.doubtful

B.enthusiastic

C.confident

D.puzzled

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“我们从第1段得知吉尔伯特的任命……”。根据第一段第三行Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.（至少可以说，在大多数情况下，人们的反应是积极的）可知，人们对Gilbert的任命得到了古典乐界的一致欢呼，因此C项“获得好评”符合；A项“招致批评”，B项“引起怀疑”，D项“激起好奇心”均错误，故该题选C。

47.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“Tommasini认为吉尔伯特作为艺术家是……”。第二段第三行提到anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim（一个朴实的音乐家，没有那种令人敬畏的指挥家的气质），由此可知Tommasini认为Gilbert是一个朴实无华、低调的音乐家，故B项“谦虚的”符合题意；A项“有影响力的”，第二段第一句提到however,isthatGilbert,iscomparativelylittleknown（相对而言，吉尔伯特鲜为人知），Gilbert鲜为人知又怎么会有影响力，所以该项错误；C项“受人尊敬的”和D项“有天赋的”文章未提及，故该题选B正确。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“作者相信忠实的音乐观众是……”。第四段提到Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.（忠实的音乐会观众回答说，录音不能代替现场表演，他们错过了这一点），由此可知，作者认为忠实的音乐会参会者们对现场音乐表演有着过高的评价。故D项“高估现场表演的价值”符合题意；A项“忽略现场表演的费用”不是作者想表达的意思；B项“拒绝大多数录制的表演”，文中只是提到了相比录音，忠实的音乐会观众会更倾向于现场表演，没有提到他们拒绝大多数录制的表演，有点过度解读了；C项“夸大了现场表演的多样性”没有提到；故该题选D。

49.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节判断题。题干的意思是“根据文章，关于录音下列哪项是正确的?”。第四段倒数第二句提到Theirrecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances（他们的唱片很便宜，到处都能买到，而且往往比今天的现场表演的艺术质量要高得多），由此可推知，因为唱片便宜且质量比现场表演要高，大众更容易接受，因此A项“它们的质量往往不如现场音乐会”排除，B项“它们很容易为公众所接受”符合题意；C项“它们有助于提高音乐的质量”，文中没有提到有助于提高音乐质量，只是说比现场表演质量高得多，这是偷换概念，因此该项错误；D项“它们只包括大师作品”未提及；故该题选B。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干的意思是“对于吉尔伯特在振兴Philharmonic乐团中所扮演的角色，作者觉得……”。根据文章最后两句Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference.Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenowaudienceithopestoattract.（但这种差异的本质是什么呢？仅仅扩大乐团的演奏曲目是不够的。如果吉尔伯特和Philharmonic乐团要想成功，他们必须首先改变美国最古老的管弦乐团和它现在希望吸引的观众之间的关系）可知，虽然Gilbert很有才华和能力，但是要想复兴交响乐团这是不够的，还需要改变古典交响乐和当下听众的关系，表明作者对Gilbert是持怀疑的态度，因此A项“怀疑的”符合题意；B项“热情的”，C项“自信的”和D项“迷惑的”均不符合，故该题选A。

3.单选题

Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（

）andneedsproving.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.intuitive

C.hypothetical

D.empirical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Spontaneous“自发的，自然的”；intuitive“直觉的，直观的”；hypothetical“假设的”；empirical“经验主义的”。根据题意“无论是谁提出了宇宙起源的理论”，这都是需要证明的，说明这只是一个假设。所以C选项符合题意。

4.单选题

Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates.Morethan135,000demonstratorsconfrontedpoliceontheconstructionsiteofa1,000-megawattnuclearpowerplantscheduledtoprovidepowertomostofsouthernNewHampshire.Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.

GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.“Thisprojectwillbeginontimeandthepeopleofthisstatewillbegintoreceiveitsbenefitsonschedule.Thosewhobreakthelawinmisguidedattemptstosabotagetheprojectwillbedealtwithaccordingtothelaw,”hesaid.Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.

TheprotestsbeganbeforedawnFridaywhenseveralthousanddemonstratorsbrokethroughpolicelinesaroundthecordoned-offconstructionsite.Theyearnedplacardsthatread“NoNukesisGoodNukes,”“Sunpower,NotNuclearPower”and“StopPrivateProfitsfromPublicPeril”.Theydefiedpoliceordertomovefromthearea.Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.Theprotestorsdidnotresistpolice,butrefusedtowalkawayundertheirownpower.Thosearrestedwouldbechargedwithunlawfulassembly,trespassing,anddisturbingthepeace.

41.___werethedemonstratorsprotestingabout?

42.Whohadgas-masks?

43.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedasareasonforthedemonstration?

44.Withwhomwerethejailsandcourtsoverloaded?

45.WhatistheattitudeofGovernorStanforthThumpertowardthepowerprojectandthedemonstration?

Notes:1.cordon警戒线，警戒；2.nuke（美俚）核武器，核电站；3.defy公然，蔑视；4.canister罐，筒，榴霰弹筒；5.dislodge赶走

问题1选项

A.Privateprofits

B.NuclearPowerStation

C.Theprojectofnuclearpowerconstruction

D.Publicperil

问题2选项

A.Everybody

B.Apartoftheprotestors

C.Policemen

D.BothBandC

问题3选项

A.Publictransportation

B.Publicperil

C.Pollution

D.Disposalofwastes

问题4选项

A.Withprisoners

B.Witharresteddemonstrators

C.Withcriminals

D.Withprotestors

问题5选项

A.stubborn

B.insistent

C.insolvable

D.remissible

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Policefiredteargasandarrestedmorethan5,000passivelyresistingprotestorsFridayinanattempttobreakupthelargestantinucleardemonstrationeverstagedintheUnitedStates…Organizersofthehugedemonstrationsaid,theprotestwascontinuingdespitethepoliceactions.Moredemonstratorswerearrivingtokeepupthepressureonstateauthoritiestocanceltheproject.（周五，在试图驱散美国有史以来规模最大的反核示威活动中，警方发射了催泪瓦斯，并逮捕了5000多名消极反抗的抗议者。越来越多的示威者涌来，继续向国家当局施压，要求取消这个项目）以及第二段开头GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯•桑珀州长坚持说，不会重新考虑这个电力项目，也不会推迟计划在三年内完成的建设）可知示威者抗议的是核电建设项目，核电站还未建成，选C选项“核电建设项目”，同时可知B选项“核电站”错误；A选项“私人利润”以及B选项“公共危机”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“gas-masks”定位到原文最后一段Teargascanistersfiredbypolicefailedtodislodgetheprotestorswhohadcomepreparedwiththeirowngasmasksorfacecloths.Finallygas-maskedandhelmetedpolicechargedintothecrowdtodragoffthedemonstratorsonebyone.（警察发射的催泪弹并没有把带着防毒面具或面罩的抗议者赶走。最后，戴着防毒面具和头盔的警察冲进人群，一个一个地拖走了示威者）可知警察和示威者都有防毒面具，选D选项“B和C”；A选项“每个人”范围太大；B选项“一部分抗议者”以及C选项“警察”都不完整。因此D选项正确。

43.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Thedemonstratorhadchargedthattheprojectwasunsafeinthedenselypopulatedarea,wouldcreatethermalpollutioninthebay,andhadnoacceptablemeansfordisposingofitsradioactivewasters.（示威者指责该项目在人口密集的地区是不安全的，会对海湾造成热污染，而且没有可接受的处理放射性废料的方法）可知B选项“公共危险”，C选项“污染”，D选项“废物的处置”都有提及；A选项“公共交通”未提及。因此A选项符合题意。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“jailsandcourts”定位到原文第一段最后一句Thedemonstrationswouldgoonuntilthejailsandthecourtsweresooverloadedthatthestatejudicialsystemwouldcollapse.（示威活动将持续下去，直到监狱和法院超负荷运转，以致国家司法系统崩溃）可知示威者准备通过坐牢这一途径表示绝不服输，选B选项“被捕的示威者”，被捕的示威者最可能导致监狱和法庭超载，同时可知D选项“示威者”错误，示威者还没有到被捕的程度，不是最佳选择；A选项“囚犯”和C选项“罪犯”与原文无关。因此B选项正确。

45.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】观点态度题。根据题干关键字“StanforthThumper”定位到原文第二段GovernorStanforthThumperinsistedthattherewouldbenoreconsiderationofthepowerprojectandnodelayinitsconstructionsetforcompletioninthreeyears.（斯坦福斯•桑珀州长坚持说，不会重新考虑这个电力项目，也不会推迟计划在三年内完成的建设）以及第二段Thisprojectwillbeginontime…Andpolicecalledinreinforcementsfromalloverthestatetohandlethedisturbances.（这项工程将按时开始……警方从整个州调来了增援部队来处理骚乱）可推测斯坦福斯•桑珀不会因为外界的影响改变决定，即使动用警力也在所不惜，选A选项“固执”；B选项“坚持”的程度没有A选项深，不能更确切地表达斯坦福斯•桑珀的观点；C选项“不能解决的”以及D选项“可宽恕的”和原文无关。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

4.

问题1选项

A.Pizzaisherfavoritefood.

B.Pizzaishersecondchoice.

C.Shedislikestheman’sidea.

D.Shecouldn’tagreewiththemanmore.

【答案】D

【解析】M:I’vegotanidea.Let’sorderapizza.

W:Great.Isecondthatnotion.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

【解析】态度方向。男士提议定披萨，女士说：Great.Isecondthatnotion(好呀，我同意)。

6.不定项选择题

Before1945,hardlyanyoneoutsideofNewMexicohadeverheardofAlamogordo.In1960itspopulationnumbered21,723.Eversince1898,whenthetownhadbeenbuiltbytheSouthernPacificRailroad,Alamogordohadbeenalonelytown.Thelandarounditwaslargelydesert,andlargelyempty.

Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.

AtdawnonJuly16,1945,theatomicbombwassetoff.Observersagreedthattheyhadwitnessedsomethingunlikeanythingeverseenbymenbefore,ahuge,colorfulfireball,morebrilliantthanthesunflashingasitroseformilesintotheair.Neverbeforehadmenreleasedsomuchpoweratonetime,norhadanynationeverpossessedweaponasterribleanddestructiveastheatomicbomb.

Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.

Whennewsoftheatomicbombanditsdestructivenesswasannounced,peopleallovertheworldwonderedwhatothernewweaponswerebeingpreparedintheNewMexicodesert.Somepeopledoubtedthatthesecretofmakingatomicbombscouldbekeptfromothercountries.Someevendoubtedthewisdomofusingsopowerfulaweapon.Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.

1.Alamogordowaschosenasthetestsitemainlybecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthetoneofthispassage?

3.Thispassageismainlyabout（）.

4.Afterthefirstatomicbombexplosion,everybodyagreedthat（）.

5.WhenwastheatomicbombdroppedonHiroshima?

问题1选项

A.itslocationwouldhidethesecretwell

B.italwayshadanenjoyableclimate

C.itwassituatedinsouthwesternNewMexico

D.itwasconnectedtoothercitiesbyarailway

问题2选项

A.Encouragement.

B.Fear.

C.Anxiety.

D.Noneoftheabove.

问题3选项

A.theselectionofthetestsiteforthefirstatomicbomb

B.thedestructiveforceofthefirstatomicbomb

C.thesecretofAlamogordo

D.nuclearwar

问题4选项

A.itwasnotwisetousesuchapowerfulweapon

B.itwaswisetochooseAlamogordoasthetestsite

C.manhadenteredtheageofnuclear

D.itwasnotpossibletokeepthetechnologyofmakingatomicbombssecret

问题5选项

A.AtdawnonJuly16,1945.

B.Severalweeksafterthetest.

C.Assoonasthesecretwasrevealed.

D.Immediatelyafterthetest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“chosenasthetestsite”可以定位到文章第二段Becauseitwasisolatedandbecausetheweatherwasalmostalwaysclearandpeaceful,aspotofdesertnearAlamogordowaschosenasthelastsiteforthefirstatomicbombeverexploded.（由于地处偏僻，而且天气几乎总是晴朗平和，阿拉莫戈多附近的一处沙漠被选为有史以来第一颗原子弹爆炸的最后地点。），说明选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点的原因是它地处偏僻，同时第四段最后一句也说到Almosteverybodywasamazedtolearnwherethebombhadbeenmadeandtested;thedesertsoftheSouthwesthadhiddenthesecretwell.（几乎每个人都惊讶地得知炸弹是在哪里制造和测试的；西南部的沙漠很好地隐藏了这个秘密。），说明偏僻的沙漠能很好地隐藏秘密，是选择其作为试验地点的原因。因此A选项“它的位置能很好地隐藏秘密”正确。B选项“它总是气候宜人”，根据原文可知，天气好是原因之一，但不是最主要的原因，所以B错误。C选项“它位于新墨西哥州西南部”只是介绍了阿拉莫戈多的位置，没有说明选择它作为试验地点的原因，所以C错误。D选项“它通过铁路与其他城市相连”，原文只说它是由南太平洋铁路公司建成的，没有说它和其他城市相连，所以D错误。

第2题:观点态度题。文章首先介绍了阿拉莫戈多的背景，然后描述了原子弹爆炸事件和人们对其的反应，整体是站在一个比较客观的态度来讲述事件经过的，没有加入个人的情感。A选项“鼓励”，B选项“恐惧”，C选项“焦虑”均不符合文章基调，因此D选项“以上都不是”正确。

第3题:主旨大意题。文章主要围绕阿拉莫戈多这个地点展开叙述，首先介绍了它的位置和地理环境，引出下文它作为原子弹爆炸秘密试验地点，这个秘密公开时所有人都感到很惊讶，因此C选项“阿拉莫戈多的秘密”符合文章主旨。A选项“第一颗原子弹试验地点的选定”，B选项“第一颗原子弹的破坏力”，D选项“核战争”都只说明了文章的一部分，不能代表全文的主旨，所以A，B，D错误。

第4题:推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Butnoonedoubtedthatanewkindofwar—andanewkindofworld—hadbegunatAlamogordo,onesummermorningin1945.（但没有人怀疑，一场新的战争——一个新的世界——在1945年夏天的一个早晨，从阿拉莫戈多开始了。），1945年夏天的早晨说明是第一颗原子弹爆炸的时间，新的战争和世界开始了说明人类开始使用原子弹等核武器，进入了核武器时代。因此C选项“人类已经进入了核时代”正确。A选项“使用如此强大的武器是不明智的”只是部分人的想法，所以A错误。B选项“选择阿拉莫戈多作为试验地点是明智之举”，D选项“制造原子弹的技术不可能保密”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。

第5题:客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一、二句Forseveralweeks,thetestwaskeptsecret.WhenanatomicbombwasdroppedfromanAmericanplaneonHiroshima,Japan,newspapersandradiostationsalloverAmericatoldofthetestofthebombinNewMexico.（几个星期以来，试验一直保密。当一颗原子弹从美国飞机投到日本广岛时，美国各地的报纸和广播电台都在报道新墨西哥州的原子弹试验。），说明在试验之后过了几周才正式投放原子弹。因此B选项“试验过后几周”正确。A选项“1945年7月16日黎明时分”，由原文可知这是试验的时间，不是在广岛投下原子弹的时间，所以A错误。C选项“秘密一经披露后”，当在广岛投下原子弹之后，试验的秘密才被揭露，所以C错误。D选项“试验后立即投放”，由原文可知是过了几周后才投放的，所以D错误。

7.单选题

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsub-millimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.

1.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin（）.

2.Theword“gizmos”(Line1,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AccordingtoPara.3,whatisbeyondman’sabilitynowistodesignarobotthat（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanrobotsdonow?

5.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare（）.

问题1选项

A.theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

B.thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

C.theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

D.theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

问题2选项

A.devices

B.experts

C.programs

D.creatures

问题3选项

A.canfulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

B.canrespondindependentlytoachangingworld

C.canhavealittlecommonsense

D.caninteractwithhumanbeingsverbally

问题4选项

A.Makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.

B.Dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.

C.Improvefactoryenvironments.

D.Cultivatehumancreativity.

问题5选项

A.expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

B.abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

C.bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

D.farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Humaningenuity可以定位到原文首段“Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.”中文翻译为：从人类智慧出现以来，人们一直都在设计更加巧妙的工具来处理危险的、枯燥的、繁重的或只是显然肮脏的工作。因此C选项“针对困难和危险的工作发明工具”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】词汇题。A:device“装置”；B:expert“专家”；C:program“程序”；D:creature“生物”。

根据题干可定位到文章第二段“…whoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.”中文翻译为：他们的普遍存在已节省了很多人类劳动，以及gizmo意为“小装置”可推断出A项“装置”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“wecannotgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”中文翻译为：我们不能给予机器人足够的常识来让其可靠地与一个不断变化的世界进行互动。可知答案为B项“能独自对一个变化的世界做出反应”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第三段“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror.”中文翻译为：虽然我们知晓如何告诉一个机器人去处理一个特定的错误，可以判断B项“在人类的介入下处理一些错误”正确。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文最后一段“Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.Themostadvancedcomputersystemonearthcannotapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldonotknowquitehowwedoit.”中文翻译为：但是，人的大脑能够扫视一个快速变化的场景，然后立刻忽视98%的不相干的物体，随后立即聚焦于在蜿蜒的森林道路旁的一只猴子，或一大群人中一张可疑的脸。地球上最先进的计算机系统也不能达到那种能力，并且神经系统科学家仍然不知道我们如何做到这点。可知答案为D“在聚焦于相关信息方面远不及人类大脑”。

8.单选题

Hedoesn’tnee