考研考博-英语-宁波大学科学技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁波大学科学技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.翻译题

二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

2.单选题

UndertheBushadministrationAmericahasgonefromapolicyof“dualcontainment”ofIranandIraqtooneapproachingdualfailure.ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence.ExhaustedbytheinsurgencyinIraq,AmericanowstruggletodealwiththemoreacutethreatofweaponsofmassdestructionposedbyIran’snuclearprogramme.America’sAraballiesmaybeterrifiedbythestrengtheningofIran，buttheyareevenmoreterrifiedbytheprospectofAmericanmilitaryactiontodestroyIran’snuclearfacilities.

InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptancethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran.SomeintheBushadministrationthough,regardthatprospectasevenmorehorrendousthantheconsequencesofattackingIran,whichmayincludemoreinstabilityinIraqandelsewhere,moreterrorismandthedisruptionofoilfromthePersianGulf.Thereisnocertainly,moreover,abouthowfarmilitarystrikescansetbackthenuclearprogramme,ifatall.

GeorgeBushhasrepeatedlysaidthat“allopinions”remainonhistable,bywhichhemeanstheuseofmilitaryforce.Buttheoneoptionhehasseemedlesskeenonistheidea,advocatedbymanyofseekinga“grandbargain”withIranonawholerangeofdisputes,fromthenuclearquestiontopeacewithIsrael.WhenAmericawasstrong,itfeltitdidnotneedtodealwithIran.Nowitisworriedbytheprospectoflookingweak.

Nevertheless,therehasbeenarealchangeofpolicysincethedayswhenMr.BushsaidIranwaspartofthe“axisofevil”.HisadministrationhasofferedtojoinnucleartalksifIransuspendsuraniumenrichment.RayTakeyh,anexpertonIran,arguesinthelatestissueofForeignAffairssays:bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals.Hemayormaynotberight.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Americafailedto(

).

2.Thephrase“thatprospect”(Line2,Para3)refersto

(

)

.

3.

RayTakeyhurgedtheAmericagovernmentto(

)

.

问题1选项

A.containeitherIranofIraq

B.extenditsinfluenceinIran

C.createdananarchicvoidinIraq

D.removetheruleofSaddamHussein

问题2选项

A.AmericanmilitaryactiononIran

B.setbackinIran’snuclearprogram

C.anIranarmedwithnuclearweapons

D.America’sthreatinIran’sweapons

问题3选项

A.stopseeingIranaspartof“theaxisofevil”

B.holdnucleartalkswithIranwithnoconditions

C.suspendtheuraniumenrichmentprograminIran

D.adoptapragmaticratherradicalapproachtoIran

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，美国没有做到______。第一段第二句说到“ItremovedtheironruleofSaddamHussein,butcreatedananarchicvoidinIraqintowhichIranhasextendeditsinfluence”，说明美国推倒了萨达姆的统治，在伊拉克造成了统治空白，伊朗趁机扩大了影响力，选项A、C、D都是美国做成的，但是B选项没有。因此B选项符合题意。

2.指代题。第二段第一句“InEuropethereisadegreeofacceptablethat,soonerorlater,theworldmayhavetodealwithanuclear-armedIran”说到伊朗核武器的问题让整个欧洲担心。因此“thatprospect”说的就是“拥有核武器的伊朗”，C选项符合题意。

3.观点题。题干：RayTakeyh敦促美国政府______。文章最后一段提到“bettertodealwiththepragmatists,andstrengthenthem,ratherthangivefreereintotheradicals”，更好的办法是，与伊朗方面的实用派谈判，而不是放任激进派。因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

TeadinkingwascommoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardabouttea.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistakebutmanypeopleusedtospreadtheusedtealeavesonbreadandgivethemtotheirchildrenassandwiches.

TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.

AtthesametimepeopleontheContinentwerebecomingmoreandmorefondoftea.Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneveragaindrinkitwithoutmilk.Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid,sotheyalsodranktheirteawithmilkinit.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.

Atfirst,teawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchessfoundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro’clockstoppedhergettingasinkingfeelingasshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithher,andtea-timewasborn.

1.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheintroductionofteaintoBritain?

2.Thispassagemainlydiscusses____________.

3.TeabecameapopulardrinkinBritain____________.

4.PeopleinEuropebegantodrinkteawithmilkbecause____________.

5.WemayinferfromthepassagethatthehabitofdrinkingteainBritainwasmostlyduetotheinfluenceof____________.

问题1选项

A.TheBritonsgotexpensiveteafromIndia.

B.TeareachedBritainfromHolland.

C.TheBritonswerethefirstpeopleinEuropewhodranktea.

D.Itwasnotuntilthe17thcenturythattheBritonshadtea.

问题2选项

A.thehistoryofteadrinkinginBritain

B.howteabecameapopulardrinkwithmilk

C.howaduchessgotthehabitofdrinkingteaintheafternoon

D.howtea-timewasborn

问题3选项

A.ineighteenthcentury

B.insixteenthcentury

C.inseventeenthcentury

D.inthelateseventeenthcentury

问题4选项

A.ittastedlikemilk

B.ittastedmorepleasant

C.itbecameapopulardrink

D.MadamedeSevignewasinfluential

问题5选项

A.afamousFrenchlady

B.theancientChinese

C.theuppersocialclass

D.peopleinHolland

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.语义推测题。根据第一段第三句ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHolland（在商店里买不到茶，有的人让人从荷兰寄来茶），可知B选项“茶叶是从荷兰传入英国的”正确。根据第二段第一句TearemainedscarceandveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiaCompanybegantobringitdirectfromChinaearlyintheseventeenthcentury.（在17世纪早期东印度公司的船只开始直接从中国运茶之前，茶叶在英国一直稀缺且非常昂贵。），可知A选项“英国人从印度买到昂贵的茶叶”错误；在这之前英国人从荷兰卖茶，故D选项“直到17世纪，英国人才开始喝茶”错误。C选项“英国人是最先在欧洲喝茶的人”：文章没有提到在欧洲没有提到哪个国家最先喝茶，故错误。因此B选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。根据整篇文章从英国从古至今在各个时期不同茶的来源方式、饮茶方式和习惯等，可知这篇文章在讲英国饮茶的历史，故A选项“英国饮茶的历史”正确。B选项“茶如何和牛奶一起成为一种受欢迎的饮料”，C选项“公爵夫人是如何养成下午喝茶的习惯的”和D选项“下午茶是如何诞生的”是其中一部分内容，故错误。因此A选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段intheseventeenthcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.（17世纪早期，在接下来的几年里，大量茶叶流入这个国家，导致价格下降，许多人买得起。），可知在17世纪早期，茶在英国受欢迎，故C选项“17世纪”正确。A选项“18世纪”，B选项“16世纪”和D选项“17世纪后期”错误。因此C选项正确。

4.语义推测题。根据第三段第二、四、五句Untilthenteahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinit,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded…Becauseshewassuchagreatladyherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid…SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEngland.（在那之前，人们喝茶不加牛奶，直到一位名叫塞维尼夫人的法国著名女士决定看看牛奶加茶是什么味道。因为她是如此伟大的一位女士，她的朋友们认为她们必须模仿她所做的一切……慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国），可知是因为塞维尼夫人的影响人们开始喝茶加奶，故D选项“塞维尼夫人很有影响力”正确。A选项“它尝起来像牛奶”和B选项“它尝起来更美味”：奶加上茶的口感是欧洲人持续这样喝的原因，故错误。C选项“它成为了一种受欢迎的饮料”：这是欧洲人喝茶加奶的结果，故错误。因此D选项正确。

5.判断推理题。根据第三段第五句SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.（慢慢地，这个习惯传到了英国，直到今天，只有很少的英国人喝茶不加牛奶。），可知英国喝茶主要受法国影响，法国主要受塞维尼夫人影响，故A选项“著名的法国女士”正确。B选项“古代中国”：文中只说欧洲对茶的了解慢于中国，没有提到古代中国和英国人喝茶的因果关系。C选项“上层阶级”：没有提到塞维尼夫人是什么阶层，其他地方也没有强调上层阶级。D选项“荷兰人”：最初英国从荷兰买茶，跟喝茶习惯没有直接因果关系。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

NorthKoreahas（）tieswithSouthKorea,excepttheKaesongZone,ajointventurebetweenthetwoKoreas,readyingitselfforastateofthewar.

问题1选项

A.savored

B.severed

C.segmented

D.segregated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项savored“尽情享受；欣赏”；B选项severed“断绝；分离”；C选项segmented“分割；分裂”；D选项segregated“使隔离；使分离”。句意：除了开城工业区这个两国的合资企业，北朝鲜已经……与南韩的联系，准备进入战争状态。B，C，D选项都有分离的意思，由后面的名词ties“纽带；联系”，可知句中是指断开两国之间的联系。severed就有断绝关系或者断开联系的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

5.翻译题

为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。例如，当中东战争中断了原油运输时，全世界石油价格飞涨。对石油和石油产品的消费者来说，这个事件降低了他们的生活水平。对经济决策者来说，它提出了选择最优反应的难题。但对经济科学家来说，它提供了研究关键自然资源对世界经济影响的机会，而且，在战争引起的石油价格上涨结束后，这种机会还会持续很长时间。因此，在本书中我们要考虑许多历史事件。这些事件之所以具有研究价值，既是因为它们能使我们了解过去的经济，更重要的则是因为它们使我们可以说明并评价现在的经济理论。

Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.

【答案】Inordertofindasubstituteforlaboratoryexperiments,economistspaycloseattentiontothenaturalexperimentsprovidedbyhistory.WhenawarintheMiddleEastinterruptedtheflowofcrudeoil,forinstance,oilpricessoaredupthroughouttheworld.Forconsumersinoilandoilproducts,suchaneventhasreducedtheirlivingstandards.Foreconomicpolicymakers,itputsforwardtheproblemofchoosingthebestresponse.Butforeconomicscientists,itprovidesanopportunitytostudytheimpactofkeynaturalresourcesontheworldeconomy,andthisopportunitywillpersistforlongafterthewartimeincreaseinoilpriceisover.Therefore,throughoutthisbookwewillconsideralotofhistoricalevents.Theseeventsarevaluabletostudybecausetheyenableustounderstandtheeconomyofthepast,andmoreimportantly,becausetheyallowustoillustrateandevaluatethecurrenteconomictheories.

6.单选题

______whenshestartedtocomplaining.

问题1选项

A.Notuntilhearrived

B.Nosoonerhadhearrived

C.Scarcelydidhearrive

D.Hardlyhadhearrived

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Notuntilhearrived直到他到达B.Nosoonerhadhearrived他一到达

C.Scarcelydidhearrive他一到达D.Hardlyhadhearrived他一到达

【考查点】倒装句。

【解题思路】根据句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardly…when…为倒装结构，表示“一……就……”，句子要部分倒装；根据started可知，事情发生在过去，她开始抱怨是在他到达之后，所以空格处要用过去完成时，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A项不与when搭配；

B项一般与than搭配。

【句意】他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。

7.单选题

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虚构的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,theeffectoflegislationprohibitingagediscriminationisnoteasytoseeandmayactuallybepartofthereasonitissodifficultforolderworkerstofindemployment.Ifitismoredifficulttofireanolderworkerthanayoungerworker,afirmwillbelesslikelytowanttohireolderworkers.Indeed,myresearchfindsthatinstateswhereworkershavelongertimetobringalawsuitclaim,oldermenworkfewerweeksperyear,arelesslikelytobehired,andlesslikelytobefiredthanmeninstateswheretheydonothaveasmuch.

NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.However,legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas(万灵药).Therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationcouldhavebothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonpotentialolderworkers.

41.Alotofcasesofagediscriminationarenotknownbecause（）.

42.ThelabormarketexperimentinBostonshowsthat（）.

43.Whatmayleadtotheincreaseofdiscriminationlawsuitsduringtimesofhighunemployment?

44.Fromthelastparagraph,welearnthat（）.

45.Theauthoris（）whenheanalyzestheagediscriminationissue.

问题1选项

A.agediscriminationlawwasjustintroducedrecently

B.otherdiscriminatedgroupsdon’tsueexceptthewhites

C.agediscriminationcasesareinlargequantityanditisdifficulttodetectallofthem

D.benefitsfromwinningalawsuitmaynotbeenoughtocovertheexpenses

问题2选项

A.youngermaleapplicantsaremorelikelytobehiredthantheirfemalecounterparts

B.agediscriminationisquitecommoninthehiringprocess

C.theauthorcollectedinformationbyinterviewingfemaleapplicants

D.femaleapplicantswhoare50yearsoldwillneverhaveachancetogetajob

问题3选项

A.Theincreaseofagediscrimination.

B.Thedecreaseofagediscrimination.

C.Thedecreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

D.Theincreaseofopportunitycosttolawsuits.

问题4选项

A.employerscouldspecifytheagesofpeopletheywanttohireinthepast

B.allemployersrecruitedworkersthroughadvertisementsinthepast

C.legislationprohibitingdiscriminationcan’tfreeoldworkersfromagediscrimination

D.therecentlyproposedcongressionallegislationissue

问题5选项

A.pessimistic

B.partial

C.objective

D.doubtful

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】41.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后一句casesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.（许多年龄歧视没有被发现）说出了事实，接下来第三段开始说明原因。根据第三段的最后一句Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.（其他群体不提出诉讼主要是因为诉讼费远远超过潜在的利益。）由此可知，许多年龄歧视的案例未被发现主要是因为提出诉讼的价格高，而给本人带来的利益也有限。因此D选项“打赢官司的好处可能不足以支付费用”正确，符合题意。A选项“年龄歧视法是最近才出台的”，B选项“除白人外，其他受歧视的群体不起诉”根据原文Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.（大多数起诉的人都是白人男性中层管理人员，他们很可能失去可观的工资和养老金。）只说了大多数是白人，说法过于绝对，可排除。C选项“年龄歧视案件数量众多，很难全部发现”均不符合题意。故选D。

42.推理判断题。定位在第四段Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBoston…（有强有力的实验证据表明，至少在初级职位的招聘中存在年龄歧视。最近，我在波士顿做了一个劳动力市场实验……）实验调查内容就是为了证明年龄歧视在招聘过程中很普遍。因此B选项“年龄歧视在招聘过程中是很常见的”，正确，符合题意。A选项“年轻的男性求职者比女性求职者更有可能被聘用”，实验未涉及性别歧视，可排除。C选项“作者通过对女性申请者的面试来收集信息”，与题意不符，可排除。D选项“50岁的女性申请者永远不会有机会找到工作”说法过于绝对，可排除。根据原文Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.（在这一组中，较年轻的申请人——高中毕业日期表明他们不到50岁比较年长的申请人更有可能被召回面试。）只是相较于50岁的申请人而言，青年会更有优势。A，C，D选项均不符合题意，故选B。

43.客观细节题。定位在第五段的最后两句Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.（在高失业率时期，歧视诉讼的数量会增加，但这一发现本身并不意味着年龄歧视的水平会增加。在失业率较高的时期，打官司的机会成本比经济好的时候要低。）由此可知高失业率时期诉讼机会成本较低会导致诉讼案件增加。因此C选项“诉讼机会成本的降低”正确，符合题意。A选项“年龄歧视加剧”，B选项“年龄歧视的减少”，D选项“诉讼机会成本的增加”，均不符合题意，故选C。

44.客观细节题。定位在最后一段的第一句NotmanypeoplewouldsuggestthatwegobacktoaworldpriortotheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,inwhichadvertisementsspecifythespecificagesofpeopletheyarewillingtohire.（没有多少人会建议我们回到《就业年龄歧视法》颁布之前的世界，在《就业年龄歧视法》颁布之前，广告会明确规定他们愿意雇佣的人的具体年龄。）由此可知，以前的雇主会明确规定求职者的年龄。因此A选项“在过去，雇主可以指定他们想要雇佣的人的年龄”正确，符合题意。B选项“过去所有的雇主都通过广告招聘工人”，说法过于绝对，错误。C选项“立法禁止歧视并不能使老工人免于年龄歧视”，根据原文legislationprohibitingdiscriminationisnopanaceas.（立法禁止歧视并不是万灵药）年龄歧视应该是老人在应聘过程中会遇到的，《歧视法》不是万能药，至少也能够对一部分人适用，故可排除。D选项“最近提出的国会立法问题”，表面信息，不需要推理，可排除。故选A。

45.观点态度题。本文讲述了工作中的年龄歧视问题。第一段引出话题，第二三段用数据说明，最后得出结论用立法来解决年龄歧视的问题并不是万能的，最近的提案也可能有其利弊。作者在整篇文章中都没有带自己的主观色彩，由此可知作者对年龄歧视问题的分析是客观的。因此C选项“客观的”正确，符合题意。A选项“悲观的”，B选项“部分的；不公平的”，D选项“可疑的”，均不符合题意，故选C。

8.单选题

HewroteanarticlecriticizingtheGreekpoetandwon（）andascholarship.

问题1选项

A.faith

B.status

C.fame

D.courage

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项faith“信念”；B选项status“地位”；C选项fame“名声”；D选项courage“勇气”。句意：他写了一篇批评希腊诗人的文章，从而赢得了名声和奖学金。本句表示获得了名气，因此C选项正确。

9.单选题

Thecat’shappyexpressionboretestimonythatithadeatenthecream.

问题1选项

A.doubt

B.proof

C.experience

D.revelation

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义名词辨析。A选项doubt“怀疑，质疑”；B选项proof“证明，验证”；C选项experience“经验，经历，体验”；D选项revelation“启示，揭示”。句意：那只猫快乐的表情证明它吃了奶油。Testimony“证据，证词”，由此可知B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.“Althoughweseebeesbuzzingaroundtirelesslyinspringandsummer,thecommonbeliefinabee’sbusynatureisbasedonamisconception,”hesaid.Peopleonlyreallyseebeeswhenthey’reoutflying,ortheylookatacolonyofbeesandseethousandsofthembuzzingaround.Theydon’tgettopickthemoutasindividuals.Theprofessor,whothismonthwonaGermanZoologicalSocietyawardforhisworkonbees,addedthatbeescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.

ThesuggestionthatbeeswerenotpullingtheirweightmetwithskepticismfromBritishbeekeepers.GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient,“Atanyparticularstageinitsenergybydoingnothing.Eachbeehasaunitoflifeenergyandthefasteritworks,thefasteritdies.Theyarebeingverywiseandperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.”

Theideaofthebusybeeisseveralthousandyearsold.OnecurrentauthorwhohasnothingbutadmirationforthebeeisPaulTheroux,thenovelistandpart-timebeekeeper.”Ihaveneverseenabeesleeping.Mybeesneverstopworking,”hesaid.Mr.TherouxaddedthatProf.Menzel’sresearchcouldhavebeenaffectedbyhisnationalorigins.“PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy,”hesaid.

Fewpeoplethinkthatthebusybeeideawillgoaway,despitetheeffortsofProf.Menzel.Itseemsabsurdtoapplytheword“lazy”toacolonyofcreaturescapableofproducingsomethingsoextraordinaryashoneycomb.Thetruthisthatbeesgiveusaninferioritycomplexthatisnotentirelyunjustified.Infact,theworshipofbeesseemstobeundergoingarenaissance.IBMrecentlyranaseriesofadsdrawingonthe“waggledance”ofbees,tellingbusinessmento“makeyourbusinesswaggle.”

1.Prof.RandolfMenzel’slatestresearch______.

2.Prof.RandolfMenzelwoulddisagreethat______.

3.AccordingtoGlynDavies,whatshouldwelearnfrombees?

4.ItcouldbeinferredfromParagraph3thattheGermans______.

5.TheIBMadsinthepassageareusedto______.

问题1选项

A.challengesourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

B.confirmsourknowledgeoftherelationsamongbees

C.challengesourperceptionofthenatureofbees

D.confirmsourperceptionofthenatureofbees

问题2选项

A.beesarehardworking

B.beesarequicklearners

C.beeshaveintelligence

D.beeshavegoodmemory

问题3选项

A.Howtoworkfaster.

B.Howtolivelonger.

C.Howtocooperatewitheachother.

D.Howtoimproveworkefficiency.

问题4选项

A.areeasilyaffectedbytheirnationalcharacters

B.areextremelybusyandhardworking

C.havemanythingsincommonwithbees

D.tendtolookdownuponlazypeople

问题5选项

A.showthepopularityoftheideaofbusybees

B.emphasizethenegativeimageofbusybees

C.initiatepublicdiscussionsonthebusybeeimage

D.questionthecomparisonofbusybeestohumans

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句AccordingtonewresearchofProf.RandolfMenzelfromtheFreeUniversityinBerlin,thepopularimageofbeesastheultimatehardworkerswasinaccurate.（根据柏林自由大学兰道夫•门泽尔教授的最新研究，蜜蜂广为流传的终极辛勤工作者形象是不准确的。），说明最新研究表明人们之前对蜜蜂的印象是不准确的。因此C选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”正确。A选项“挑战我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，B选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂之间关系的认识”，本文讨论的不是蜜蜂之间的关系，所以A,B错误。D选项“证实了我们对蜜蜂本性的认识”和原文表述的意思相反，所以D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句beescompensatedfortheirapparentlazinesswithhighintelligence,advancedmemoryskillsandanabilitytolearnquickly.（蜜蜂以高智商、记忆力和快速学习能力来弥补它们明显的懒惰。），说明兰道夫•门泽尔教授不同意蜜蜂很勤劳的观点。因此A选项“蜜蜂是勤劳的”正确。B选项“蜜蜂的学习能力很强”，C选项“蜜蜂有高智商”，D选项“蜜蜂有良好的记忆力”都是教授认同的蜜蜂的优势，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段GlynDavies,thePresidentoftheBritishBeekeepersAssociation,saidthatbeeswerenotlazybutefficient…andperhapshumansshouldtrytofollowtheirexampleinsteadofrunningaboutlikeheadlesschickens.（英国养蜂人协会的主席格林•戴维斯说，蜜蜂不是懒惰而是有效率……也许人类应该向它们学习，而不是像无头鸡一样跑来跑去。），说明格林•戴维斯认为人类应该向蜜蜂学习如何提高工作效率。因此D选项“如何提高工作的效率”正确。A选项“如何更快地工作”，B选项“如何活得更久”，C选项“如何相互合作”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,C错误。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句PerhapsincomparisontotheGermanrateofwork,thebeedoeslooklazy（也许与德国的工作效率相比，蜜蜂确实看起来很懒），说明德国人很忙碌，工作很勤奋，蜜蜂和其对比起来就显得比较懒惰。因此B选项“非常忙碌和努力工作”正确。A选项“容易受到民族性格的影响”，原文说的是门泽尔教授的研究可能受到了民族性格的影响，而不是说德国人，所以A错误。C选项“与蜜蜂有许多共同之处”，D选项“倾向于看不起懒惰的人”在文中没有提及，所以C,D错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段，作者指出，虽然有最新研究的结果，但蜜蜂忙碌勤奋的形象还是很难改变，最后用IBM的广告举例表明人们仍然很崇拜蜜蜂勤奋的特性。因此A选项“显示了忙碌的蜜蜂这一观念的流行”正确。B选项“强调了忙碌的蜜蜂的负面形象”，由原文可知，忙碌的蜜蜂不是一种负面形象，而是受人崇拜的正面形象，所以B错误。C选项“引发公众对忙碌的蜜蜂形象的讨论”，原文没有描述其引发的讨论，所以C错误。D选项“质疑忙碌的蜜蜂与人类的比较”，原文没有质疑，所以D错误。

11.单选题

Thereisastrong（）thatthematterwillsoonbesettled.

问题1选项

A.livelihood

B.likelihood

C.singlehood

D.manhood

【答案】B

【解析】句意:那个事情很有可能将会很快被解决。

考查名词辨析。livelihood生计,生活;likelihood可能性,可能;singlehood单身,未婚;manhood成年,男子,男子气概。故B符合句意。

12.单选题

Women’smindsworkdifferentlyfrommen’s.Atleast,thatiswhatmostmenareconvincedof.Psychologistsviewthesubjecteitherasamatteroffrustrationorajoke.Nowthebiologistshavemovedintothisminefield,andsomeofthemhavefoundthattherearerealdifferencesbetweenthebrainsofmenandwomen.Butbeingdifferent,theypointouthurriedly,isnotthesameasbeingbetterorworse.

Thereis,however,adefinitestructuralvariationbetweenthemaleandfemalebrain.Thedifferenceisinapartofthebrainthatisusedinthemostcomplexintellectualprocesses—thelinkbetweenthetwohalvesofthebrain.

Thetwohalvesarelinkedbyatrunklineofbetween200and300millionnerves,thecorpuscallosum.Scientistshavefoundquiterecentlythatthecorpuscallosuminwomenisalwayslargerandprobablyricherinnervefibresthanitisinmen.Thisisthefirsttimethatastructuraldifferencehasbeenfoundbetweenthebrainsofwomenandmenanditmusthavesomesignificance.Thequestionis“What?”,andifthisdifferenceexists,arethereothers?Researchshowsthatpresent-daywomenthinkdifferentlyandbehavedifferentlyfrommen.Aresomeofthesedifferencesbiologicalandinborn,aresultofevolution?Wetendtothinkthatistheinfluenceofsocietythatproducesthesedifferences.Butcouldwebewrong?

Researchshowedthatthesetwohalvesofthebrainhaddifferentfunctions,andthatthecorpuscallosumenabledthemtoworktogether.Formostpeople,thelefthalfisusedforword-handling,analyticalandlogicalactivities;therighthalfworksonpictures,patternsandforms.Weneedbothhalvesworkingtogether.Andthebettertheconnections,themoreharmoniouslythetwohalveswork.And,accordingtoresearchfindings,womenhavethebetterconnections.

Butitisn’tallthateasytoexplaintheactualdifferencesbetweenskillsofmenandwomenonthisbasis.Inschoolsthroughouttheworldgirlstendtobebetterthanboysat“languagesubject”andboysbetteratmathsandphysics.Ifthesedifferencescorrespondwiththedifferencesinthehemispherictrunkline,thereisanunalterabledistinctionbetweenthesexes.

Weshallnotknowforawhile,partlybecausewedon’tknowofanypreciserelationshipbetweenabilitiesinschoolsubjectsandthefunctioningofthetwohalvesofthebrain,andwecannotunderstandhowthetwohalvesinteractviathecorpuscallosum.Butthisstrikingdifferencemusthavesomeeffectand,becausethedifferenceisinthepartsofthebraininvolvedinintellect,weshouldbelookingfordifferencesinintellectualprocessing.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

2.Accordingtothepassageitiscommonlybelievedthatbraindifferencesarecausedby______factors.

3.“thesedifferences”inparagraph5refertothosein______.

4.Attheendofthepassagetheauthorproposesmoreworkon______.

5.Whatisthemain