考研考博-英语-大连东软信息学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连东软信息学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Although,recentyearshaveseensubstantialreductionsinnoxiouspollutantsfromindividualmotorvehicles,thenumberofsuchvehicleshasbeensteadilyincreasing.Consequently,morethan100citiesintheUnitedStatesstillhavelevelsofcarbonmonoxide,particulatematter,andozone(generatedbyphotochemical,reactionswithhydrocarbonsfromvehicleexhaust)thatexceedlegallyestablishedlimits.Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol.

Allofthesealternativesarecarbon-basedfuelswhosemoleculesaresmallerandsimplerthanthoseofgasoline.Thesemoleculesbummorecleanlythangasoline,inpartbecausetheyhavefewer,ifany,carbon-carbonbonds,andthehydrocarbonstheydoemitarelesslikelytogenerateozone.Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions.Thesereactionsincreasetheprobabilityofincompletecombustionandaremorelikelytoreleaseuncombustedandphotochemicallyactivehydrocarboncompoundsintotheatmosphere.Ontheotherhand,alternativefuelsdohavedrawbacks.Compressednaturalgaswouldrequirethatvehicleshaveasetofheavyfueltanks—aseriousliabilityintermsofperformanceandfuelefficiencyandliquefiedpetroleumgasfacesfundamentallimitsonsupply.

Ethanolandmethanol,ontheotherhand,haveimportantadvantagesoverothercarbon-basedalternativefuels;theyhavehitherenergycontentpervolumeandwouldrequireminimalchangesintheexistingnetworkfordistributingmotorfuel.Ethanoliscommonlyusedasagasolinesupplement,butitiscurrentlyabouttwiceasexpensiveasmethanol,thelowcostofwhichisoneofitsattractivefeatures.Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.

Likeanyalternativefuel,methanolhasitscritics.Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol.Itistrue,forexample,thatagivenvolumeofmethanolprovidesonlyaboutone-halfoftheenergythatgasolineanddieselfueldo;otherthingsbeingequal,thefueltankwouldhavetobesomewhatlargerandheavier.However,sincemethanol-fueledvehiclescouldbedesignedtobemuchmoreefficientthan"gasolineclone"vehiclesfueledwithmethanol,theywouldneedcomparativelylessfuel.VehiclesincorporatingonlythesimplestoftheEngineimprovementsthatmethanolmakesfeasiblewouldstillcontributetoanimmediatelesseningofurbanairpollution.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,incompletecombustionismorelikelytooccurwithgasolinethanwithanalternativefuelbecause:（

）.

3.ThepassagesuggestswhichoftheFollowingaboutairpollution?

4.Theauthordescribeswhichofthefollowingasthemostappealingfeatureofmethanol?

5.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorofthepassagemostlikelyregardsthecriticismofmethanolinthelastparagraphas（

）.

问题1选项

A.counteringaflawedargumentthatdismissesapossiblesolutiontoaproblem

B.reconcilingcontradictorypointsofviewaboutthenatureofaproblem

C.identifyingthestrengthsofpossiblesolutionstoaproblem

D.discussingaproblemandarguinginfavorofonesolutiontoit

问题2选项

A.thecombustionofgasolinereleasesphotochemicallyactivehydrocarbons.

B.thecombustionofgasolineinvolvesanintricateseriesofreactions.

C.gasolinemoleculeshaveasimplemolecularstructure.

D.gasolineiscomposedofsmallmolecules.

问题3选项

A.Furtherattemptstoreduceemissionsfromgasoline-fueledvehicleswillnothelplowerurbanair-pollutionlevels.

B.Attemptstoreducethepollutionsthatanindividualgasoline-fueledvehicleemitshavebeenlargelyunsuccessful.

C.Fewseriousattemptshavebeenmadetoreducetheamountofpollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehicles.

D.Pollutantsemittedbygasoline-fueledvehiclesarenotthemostcriticalsourceofurbanairpollution.

问题4选项

A.Itissubstantiallylessexpensivethanethanol.

B.Itcouldbeprovidedtoconsumersthroughtheexistingmotorfueldistributionsystem

C.Ithasahigherenergycontentthanotheralternativefuels.

D.Itsusewouldsubstantiallyreduceozonelevels.

问题5选项

A.flawedbecauseoftheassumptionsonwhichitisbased

B.inapplicablebecauseofaninconsistencyinthecritics’arguments

C.misguidedbecauseofitsexclusivelytechnologicalfocus

D.invalidbecauseitreflectsthepersonalbiasofthecritics

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句Thereisagrowingrealizationthattheonlyeffectivewaytoachievefurtherreductionsinvehicleemissions—shortofamassiveshiftawayfromtheprivateautomobile—istoreplaceconventionaldieselfuelandgasolinewithcleanerburningfuelssuchascompressednaturalgasliquefiedpetroleumgas,ethanol,ormethanol是本文的主旨句，提出如何来减少机动车尾气排放。所以选项C符合题意。

2.文章第二段第三句Thecombustionoflargemolecules,whichhavemultiplecarbon-carbonbonds,involvesamorecomplexseriesofreactions提到大分子的燃烧有着更复杂的反映，选项B符合题意。

3.题干中出现了airpollution,因此可以将重点放在第一段。第一段主要提及了尽管污染减少，但还是需要有效的方法来改善环境。第一段最后一句话可以推出选项A符合题意。

4.文章第三段最后一句Methanol'smostattractivefeature,however,isthatitcanreducebyabout90percentthevehicleemissionsthatformozone,themostseriousurbanairpollutant.提到甲醇最吸引人的特点就是会大幅度减少臭氧水平。选项D符合题意。

5.根据文章第四段第二句Yetmuchofthecriticismisbasedontheuseof"gasolineclone”vehiclesthatdonotincorporateeventhesimplestdesignimprovementsthataremadepossiblewiththeuseofmethanol可知选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Currentdatasuggestthat,although（）statesbetweenfearandaggressionexist,fearandaggressionareasdistinctphysiologicallyastheyarepsychologically.

问题1选项

A.simultaneous

B.exceptional

C.partial

D.transitional

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：现有数据表明，尽管恐惧和攻击之间有（）状态存在，但是恐惧和攻击无论是从心理角度还是生理角度来看都是截然不同的。

simultaneous同时的，联立的；exceptional异常的，例外的；partial局部的，偏爱的，不公平的；transitional变迁的，过渡。D选项“过渡”状态符合句意。

3.单选题

Alandfreefromdestruction,pluswealth,naturalresources-andlaborsupply-allthesewereimportant（1）inhelpingEnglandtobecomethecenterfortheIndustrialRevolution.Buttheywerenotenough.Something

（2）

wasneededtostarttheindustrialprocess.That"somethingspecial"wasmen

（3）

individualswhocouldinventmachines,findnewsourcesofpower,andestablishbusinessorganizationstoreshapesociety.

Themenwho

（4）

themachinesoftheIndustrial-Revolutioncamefrommanybackgroundsandmanyoccupations.Manyofthemwere

（5）

inventorsthanscientist.Amanwhoisa

（6）

scientistisprimarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.

Aninventororoneinterestedinappliedscienceis

（7）

tryingtomakesomethingthathasaconcreteuse.Hemaytrytosolveaproblembyusingthetheoriesofscienceorbyexperimentingthroughtrialanderror.Regardlessofhismethod,heisworkingtoobtaina

（8）

result:theconstructionofaharvestingmachine,theburningofalightbulb,oroneofmanyotherobjectives.

Mostofthepeoplewho

（9）

themachinesoftheIndustrialRevolutionwereinventors,nottrainedscientists.Afewwerebothscientistsandinventors.Eventhosewhohadlittleornotraininginsciencemightnothavemadetheirinventions

（10）

agroundworkhadnotbeenlaidbyscientistsyearsbefore.

问题1选项

A.reasons

B.factors

C.situations

D.cases

问题2选项

A.similar

B.else

C.near

D.extra

问题3选项

A.generating

B.effective

C.motivating

D.creative

问题4选项

A.employed

B.created

C.operated

D.controlled

问题5选项

A.less

B.better

C.more

D.worse

问题6选项

A.genuine

B.practical

C.pure

D.clever

问题7选项

A.seldom

B.usually

C.sometimes

D.never

问题8选项

A.single

B.specialized

C.specific

D.sole

问题9选项

A.proposed

B.developed

C.supplied

D.offered

问题10选项

A.because

B.while

C.if

D.as

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:B

第10题:C

【解析】第1题:考查固定搭配。reason和factor放在这里都符合逻辑，由空格后面的介词in，可知应选factor。reason一般接for或者why引导的从句。故答案B

第2题:考查形容词辨析。此句句意为还需要一些其他的东西，somethingelse其他的东西，答案B

第3题:考查形容词辨析。根据空后的“inventmachines…”可知此空应填“具有创造力的”，generating产生的；effective有效的；motivating激发的；creative创造性的。

第4题:考查动词辨析。句意：在工业革命中发明这些机器的人。故答案B

第5题:考查固定搭配。句意：发明机器的人大部分是发明家，而不是科学家。more…than…是…而不是…答案C

第6题:考查形容词辨析。根据“primarilyinterestedindoinghisresearchaccurately.Heisnotnecessarilyworkingsothathisfindingscanbeused.主要对自己的研究感兴趣。他不一定是为了利用他的研究成果而工作。”可推知这种科学家是纯粹的科学家。genuine真正的，真实的；practical实际的；pure纯粹的；clever聪明的。答案C

第7题:考查副词辨析。根据下文意思可知，usually符合句意。答案B

第8题:考查形容词辨析。句意：“不管什么方法，他工作目的是获得特定的某种结果。”由空格后的举例可知他是为了获得某种特定的结果而工作。答案C

第9题:考查动词辨析。句意：工业革命时发明了这些机器的人大都是发明家而非科学家。答案B

第10题:考查连词辨析。句意：即使是那些没有受过科学专业训练的人，如果没有之前科学家们做出的基础工作，他们也不可能发明这些东西。所以应填if。答案C

4.单选题

Theoutlyingislandthatbelongstothis______metropolisisanoasiswheregreenprevailsandtraditionsholdfast.

问题1选项

A.bustling

B.whistling

C.ruffling

D.rustling

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bustling“繁华的”；whistling“发出口哨声的”；ruffling“弄皱”；rustling“沙沙作响的”。句意：属于这座繁华都市的边远岛屿是一片绿洲，到处都是绿色，传统风格盛行。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Awindowinthekitchenwas（

）

;therewasrubbisheverywhereandthecurtainsand

carpetshadbeenstolen.

问题1选项

A.scraped

B.smashed

C.scratched

D.scattered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Scrape“刮，擦”；smash“猛击”；scratch“抓”；scatter“散落”。句意：厨房的一扇窗户被砸碎了，垃圾散落一地，窗帘和地毯被偷走了。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely,（

）animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.

问题1选项

A.endangered

B.domesticated

C.indigenous

D.extinct

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。endangered意为“快要绝种的”；domesticated意为“驯化了的”；indigenous意为“本地的，土生土长的”；extinct意为“灭绝的”。由后面的alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces（这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的）可知前面表示这个地区的动物不是土生土长的，选C。

句意：我了解到这个地区没有真正本土的动物，这里所有的动物都是从外地引进的。

7.单选题

Ingeneral,the（

）amountthatastudentspendsforhousingshouldbeheldtoone-fifthofthetotalforlivingexpenses.

问题1选项

A.acceptable

B.advisable

C.available

D.applicable

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。

句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。

8.单选题

I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer-allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously（）.

问题1选项

A.paidoff

B.takenitstoll

C.madeadifference

D.shownup

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项paidoff“付清，见成效”；B选项takenitstoll“造成损失”；C选项madeadifference“有影响，有关系，起作用”；D选项shownup“露面，露出”。句意：我很高兴听到你有工作机会——很明显，你在学校的努力工作（）。而这里表达的意思是“在学校的努力起了作用”，因此A选项符合题意。

9.单选题

Findingthecauseofadiseasewillprovidea（

）forresearchonacureforit.

问题1选项

A.prospect

B.incentive

C.spur

D.inducement

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。prospect“前途，预期”；incentive“动机，刺激”；spur“刺激，鞭策”；inducement“诱因”。句意：找出疾病的原因是为其治疗方法研究提供前景。选项A符合题意。

10.写作题

InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.Curiouslyenough,itwasanEnglishmanwithfewscientificcredentialswhoattemptedtoputforthanewmethodofacquiringknowledgethatmadeanimpactonEnglishscientistsintheseventeenthcenturyandotherEuropeanscientistsintheeighteenthcentury.FrancisBacon(1561-1626),alawyerandlordchancellor,rejectedCopemicusandKepletandmisunderstoodGalileo.AndyetinhisunfinishedworkTheGreatInstonararion(TheGreatRestoration),hecalledforhiscontemporaries"tocommenceatotalreconstructionofsciences,arts,andallhumanknowledge,raisedupontheproperfoundations."Bacondidnotdoubthumans’abilitytoknowthenaturalworld,buthebelievedthattheyhadproceededincorrectly"Theentirefabricofhumanreasonwhichweemployintheinquisitionofnatureisbadlyputtogetherandbuiltup,andlikesomemagnificentstructurewithoutfoundation."

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.Hisconcernwasmoreforpracticalthanforpurescience.Hestatedthat"thetrueandlawfulgoalofthesciencesisnoneotherthanthis:thathumanlifebeendowedwithnewdiscoveriesandpower."Hewantedsciencetocontributetothe"mechanicalarts"bycreatingdevicesthatwouldbenefitindustry,agriculture,andtrade.Baconwaspropheticwhenhesaidthat"Iamlaboringtolaythefoundation,notofanysectordoctrine,butofhumanutilityandpower."Andhowwouldthis"humanpower"beused?To"conquernatureinaction"Thecontrolanddominationofnaturebecameacentralpropositionofmodernscienceandthetechnologythataccompaniedit.Onlyinthetwentiethcenturydidsomescientistsaskwhetherthisassumptionmightnotheattheheartofthemodern

ecologicalcrisis.

【答案】InthecourseoftheScientificRevolution,attentionwaspaidtotheproblemofestablishingthepropermeanstoexamineandunderstandthephysicalrealm.Thiscreationofascientificmethodwascrucialtotheevolutionofscienceinthemodernworld.

Bacon’snewfoundation—acorrectscientificmethod—wastobebuiltoninductiveprinciples.Ratherthanbeginningwithassumedfirstprinciplesfromwhichlogicalconclusionscouldbededuced,heurgedscientiststoproceedfromtheparticulartothegeneral.Fromcarefullyorganizedexperimentsandsystematic,thoroughobservations,correctgeneralizationscouldbedeveloped.Baconwasclearaboutwhathebelievedhismethodcouldaccomplish.

11.单选题

Informationtechnologythathelpsdoctorsandpatientsmakedecisionshasbeenaroundforalongtime.CrudeonlinetoolslikeWebMDgetmillionsofvisitorsaday.ButWatsonisadifferentbeast.AccordingtoIBM,itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit—processingupto60millionpagesoftextpersecond,evenwhenthattextisintheformofplainoldprose,orwhatscientistscall“naturallanguage”•

That’snosmallthing,becausesomethinglike80percentofallinformationis“unstructured”.Inmedicine,itconsistsofphysiciannotesdictatedintomedicalrecords,long-windedsentencespublishedinacademicjournals,andrawnumbersstoredonlinebypublic-healthdepartments.Atleastintheory,Watsoncanmakesenseofitall.Itcansitinonpatientexaminations,silentlylistening.Andovertime,itcanlearnandgetbetteratfiguringoutmedicalproblemsandwaysoftreatingthemthemoreitinteractswithrealcases.Watsonevenhastheabilitytoconveydoubt.Whenitmakesdiagnosesandrecommendstreatments,itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached.

Medicinehasneverbeforehadatoolquitelikethis.Andatanunofficialcoming-outpartyinLasVegaslastyear,duringtheannualmeetingoftheHealthcareInformationandManagementSystemSociety,morethan1,000professionalspackedalargehotelconferencehall,andanoverflowroomnearby,tohearapresentationbyMartyKohn,anemergency-roomphysicianandaclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare.Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe,KohndescribedinhishuskyvoicehowWatsoncouldbeagamechanger—notjustinhighlyspecializedfieldslikeoncologybutalsoinprimarycare,giventhatalldoctorscanmakemistakesthatleadtocostly,sometimesdangerous,treatmenterrors.

Drawingonhisownclinicalexperienceandonacademicstudies,Kohnexplainedthataboutone-thirdoftheseerrorsappeartobeproductsofmisdiagnosis,onecauseofwhichis“anchoringbias”：humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation.Thishappensallthetimeindoctors，offices,clinics，andemergencyrooms.Aphysicianhearsabouttwoorthreesymptoms，seizesonadiagnosisconsistentwiththose,andsubconsciouslydiscountsevidencethatpointstosomethingelse.Oraphysicianhitsupontherightdiagnosis,butfailstorealizethatit’sincomplete,andendsuptreatingjustoneconditionwhenthepatientis,infact,sufferingfromseveral.ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings.Assuch,Kohnbelieves,theymayeventuallybecomeasubiquitousindoctors，officesasthestethoscope.

“Watsonfillsinforsomehumanlimitations，”Kohntoldmeinaninterview.“Studiesshowthathumansaregoodattakingarelativelylimitedlistofpossibilitiesandusingthatlist,butarefarlessadeptatusinghugevolumesofinformation.That’swhereWatsonshines；takingahugelistofinformationandwinnowingitdown.”

1.WhatisWatson?

2.WhichofthefollowingisbeyondWatsoifsability?

3.MartyKohn().

4.“Anchoringbias”().

5.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Itisapersonwhoaidsdoctorsinprocessingmedicalrecords.

B.Itisanonlinetoolthatconnectsdoctorsoverdifferentplaces.

C.Itisanintelligentcomputerthathelpsdoctorsmakedecisions.

D.Itisabeastthatgreetsmillionsofvisitorstoamedicalinstitution.

问题2选项

A.Talkwiththepatient.

B.Calculateprobability.

C.Recommendtreatment.

D.Processsophisticateddata.

问题3选项

A.gaveapresentationatanacademicconference

B.worksfortheIBMTrainingDivision

C.isashortpersonwithahuskyvoice

D.expressedoptimismforWatson

问题4选项

A.isadeviceubiquitousindoctors，offices

B.islesslikelytobecommittedbyWatson

C.happensinonethirdofmedicaltreatments

D.isawrongdiagnosiswithincompleteinformation

问题5选项

A.WatsonAsAShiningStar.

B.TheRisksOfMisdiagnosis.

C.TheRobotWillSeeYouNow.

D.IBM’sITSolutionToMedicine.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节题。题干：Waston是什么？由第一段第三句中“itcandigestinformationandmakerecommendationsmuchmorequickly,andmoreintelligently,thanperhapsanymachinebeforeit”可知Waston是能帮助医生和病人的智能电脑。因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：以下哪项超出了Watsoif的能力？由第一段最后一句中“digestinformationandmakerecommendations”可得C和D选项。根据第二段最后一句中“itusuallyissuesaseriesofpossibilities,eachwithitsownlevelofconfidenceattached”可得出B选项。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节题。题干：MartyKohn______。人名定位到第三段。由段尾的“agamechanger”可推出MartyKohn看好Waston。A选项的academicconference与原文不符合，演讲是在一次非正式亮相的聚会上进行的。MartyKohn是“aclinicalleaderoftheIBMteamtrainingWatsonforhealthcare”，而不是IBM培训部的人，所以排除B选项。由“Standingbeforeavideoscreenthatdwarfedhislargeframe”可知MartyKohn本身不矮小，是对比出的效果，排除C选项。因此D选项符合题意。

4.细节推理题。题干：“Anchoringbias”________本文第四段提到了“Anchoringbias”，“humanbeings，tendencytorelytooheavilyonasinglepieceofinformation…”，倒数第二句指出“ToolslikeWatsonarelesspronetothosefailings”，可知Waston不太容易出现这类错误。因此选项B符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题干：下面哪个可能是这篇文章最好的标题？本文主要讲述了Waston是什么以及它在医学领域的应用。因此选项A符合题意。

12.不定项选择题

Broccoli(西兰花)ishighinvitaminsandmineralsExtractsofbroccoliandbananamayhelpinfightingstomachproblem,researchsuggests,Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.

TrialsareunderwaytoseeiftheycouldbeusedasamedicalfoodforpatientswithCrohn’sdisease.Crohn’sdiseaseisaninflammatoryboweldiseasethatcausessymptomssuchasabdominal(腹部)pain.Itaffectsaboutonein1,000people,andisthoughttobecausedbyamixtureofenvironmentalandgeneticfactors.

Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood,ScientistsattheUniversityofLiverpoollookedathowroughagefromvegetablesinfluencedthepassageofharmfulbacteriathroughcellsinsidethegut.Theyfoundthatfibresfromtheplantain,atypeoflargebanana,andbroccoliwereparticularlybeneficial.Butacommonstabilizeraddedtoprocessedfoodsduringthemanufacturingprocesshadtheoppositeeffect.

Dr.BarryCampbell,fromtheUniversityofLiverpool,said:“Thisresearchshowsthatdifferentdietarycomponentscanhavepowerfuleffectsonthemovementofbacteriatroughthebowel.Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.Ourworksuggeststhatitmightbeimportantforpatientswiththisconditiontoeathealthilyandlimittheirintakeofprocessedfoods.”

TheresearchpublishedinthejournalGutandcarriedoutincollaborationwithexpertsinSwedenandScotland,investigatedspecialcells,calledM-cells,whichlinethegutandwardoffinvadingbacteria.Workwascarriedoutinlaboratory-growncellsandtissuesamplesfrompatientsundergoingsurgeryforstomachproblems.Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.“ItmaybethatitmakessenseforsufferersofCrohn’stotakesupplementsofthesefibrestohelppervertdeterioration,”saidProfessorJonRhodesoftheUniversityofLiverpool.

Commentingonthestudy,aspokespersonforCrohn’sandColitis,whichrepresentspatientswithinflammatoryboweldisorders,welcomedfurtherinsightintohowthegutcombatsbacterialikeE.Coll.“KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike,”shesaid.

26.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

27.WhydopeopleindevelopedcountriessuffermostfromCrohn’sdisease?

28.AccordingtoDr.BarryCampbellwhatisstillNOTunderstoodabouteatingplantain?

29.WhatistheaimoftrialsonCrohn’ssufferers?

30.WhatdidexpertssayonthediscoveryofM-cells?

问题1选项

A.Fibresinbroccoliandplantainhelpreducestomachinfections.

B.Broccoliextractsdecreasenaturaldefenses.

C.Howprocessedfoodsdoharmtobodyhealth.

D.Howexpertscommentonbroccolinutrition.

问题2选项

A.Becausetheintakeofvegetablesislessthandailyrecommendation.

B.Becausetheprocessedfoodreducesthefibreneededindigestion.

C.Becausetheydonotlikefoodlowinfibre.

D.Becausetheyprefertoeathighcaloriesfood.

问题3选项

A.Howtoimprovebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfection.

B.Howtolimitpeople’sintakeofprocessedfood.

C.Howtogainvitamins,mineralsandfibreforhealth.

D.Howtoreconfirmgeneralhealthbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Theaimistoencouragepeopletoeathighfibrefood.

B.Theaimistoproducehighfibresupplements.

C.Theaimistoprovetheeffectofplantainfibrefood.

D.Theaimistoimproverecipeofhighfibremedicine.

问题5选项

A.Itgivesfurtherinsightforstomachinfection.

B.IthelpsproveM-cellroletohealthydiet.

C.ItleadsinvestigationforCrohn’sdisease.

D.Itsupportstheinventionofhighfibremedialfood.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】26.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干：文章的主题思想是？文章开头第一句话就表明了文章主旨Laboratorystudiesshowfibresfromthevegetablesmayboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainststomachinfections.（实验室研究表明，蔬菜中的纤维可以增强人体对胃部感染的自然防御能力。），因此A选项“西兰花和大蕉中的纤维有助于减少胃部感染”，符合题意；B选项“西兰花提取物会降低自然防御能力”，和文章表达的意思相反，故排除；文章第三段提到发达国家的人患克罗恩氏病的概率高是因为日常饮食含纤维少，而加工食品含量高，但也没有详细说明加工食品如何损害身体健康，故C选项“加工食品如何损害身体健康”，属于无中生有选项，排除；D选项“专家如何评价西兰花的营养”，全文是在讲蔬菜中的纤维，以及专家对其研究，D选项不够全面，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

27.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：为什么发达国家的人最容易患克罗恩病？由题干定位到文章第三段第一句话Theconditioniscommonindevelopedcountrieswheredietsareoftenlowinfibreandhighinprocessedfood.（这种情况在发达国家很常见，那里的饮食通常纤维含量低，加工食品含量高。），因此B选项“因为加工食品减少了消化所需的纤维”，符合题意；A选项“因为蔬菜的摄入量低于每日推荐量”，文章并没有提及每日推荐的蔬菜摄入量是多少，属于无中生有选项，故排除；C选项“因为他们不喜欢低纤维的食物”和D选项“因为他们喜欢吃高热量的食物”，在文中均未提及，属于无中生有选项。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

28.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：据巴里•坎贝尔博士所说，关于吃大蕉我们还有什么不理解的呢？由题干定位到文章第四段第二句话Wehaveknownforsometimethegeneralhealthbenefitsofeatingplantainandbroccoli,whicharebothhighinvitaminsandminerals,butuntilnowwehavenotunderstoodhowtheycanboostthebody’snaturaldefensesagainstinfectioncommoninCrohn’spatients.（我们早就知道吃大蕉和花椰菜对健康有好处，这两种食物都富含维生素和矿物质，但直到现在我们还不知道它们是如何增强人体对克罗恩病患者常见感染的自然防御能力的。），因此A选项“如何提高身体对胃部感染的自然抵抗力”，符合题意；B选项“如何限制人们对加工食品的摄入量”，C选项“如何获得对健康有益的维生素，矿物质和纤维”和D选项“如何再次确认一般健康福利的益处”，和吃大蕉并没有直接联系，故排除。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。

29.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：对克罗恩病患者进行试验的目的是什么？由题干定位到文章第五段第三句话Clinicaltrialsarenowunderwayin76Crohn’spatientstofindoutwhetheramedicalfoodcontainingplantainfibrescouldhelpkeepthediseaseatbay.（目前正在76名克罗恩病患者身上进行临床试验，以确定含有大蕉纤维的医疗食品是否有助于预防克罗恩病。），因此C选项“目的是为了证明大蕉纤维食品的功效”，符合题意；A选项“目的是鼓励人们吃高纤维食物”，B选项“目的是生产高纤维补品”和D选项“目的是改进高纤维药物的配方”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。

30.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干：专家们对M细胞的发现有什么看法?由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句话KnowledgeoftheM-cellroleoffersamoredetailedexplanationastowhyahealthydietcanimprovethehealthandwellbeingforpeoplewithCrohn’sdiseaseandhealthyindividualsalike.（对M细胞角色的知识提供了更详细的解释，为什么健康饮食可以改善克罗恩病患者和健康人类的身体状态和幸福。），因此B选项“它有助于证明M细胞对健康饮食的作用”，符合题意；A选项“它对胃感染有进一步的了解”，C选项“它导致了对克罗恩病的调查”，和D选项“它支持高纤维医疗食品的发明”，均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。

13.单选题

Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydisputes（

）.

问题1选项

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。这里空格所在的句子bothsides是主语，谓语动词regards，宾语theterritorydisputes，分析句子结构，后面的空格部分应该属于后置定语结构，regardsthassth有“认为怎么样”之意。这里settled过去分词作形容词表示动作已经完成，也就是“settleddisputes解决了的争端”，句意为：经过数轮谈判后，双方都认为这个领土纷争问题得到解决了。答案选D。

14.单选题

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecause