高中英语考点精析精练：介词(短文改错)

高中英语考点精析精练：介词(短文改错)高中英语考点精析精练：介词(短文改错)高中英语考点精析精练：介词(短文改错)V:1.0精细整理，仅供参考高中英语考点精析精练：介词(短文改错)日期：20xx年X月命题点7介词本类考题解答锦囊1．英语中的介词多为固定搭配，需熟记。特别是要熟记形容词短语和介词短语中的介词。2．区别常用的介词。①表示时间的介词。in表示一段时间，on表示具体时间。②表示方位的名词。in表示在范围之内，to表示在范围之外，on表示毗邻，接壤。③besides与except的区别。besides表示“除……以外还有”，except表示“只有……除外”。④above，over与on的区别。above：“在……之上”，“高于……”(表示相对高度，不一定在正上方)，它的反义词是below；over：“在……之上”(表示垂直之上)，它的反义词是under；on：“在……之上”(表示与某物接触)3．有介词的改错题经常以多用介词或少用介词的形式出现。4．介词后跟动词，动词加-ing．Ⅰ高考最新热门题1.(典型例题)I'msurethey'lllaughtomeandseemeasafool．命题目的与解题技巧：此题考查介词的基本知识。在做此类题时，应将句子结构分析清楚，熟练牢固掌握某些固定搭配，不要因为记忆不牢模糊而失分，做到稳扎稳打。【答案】to→at．laughatsb，固定词组，取笑某人。particularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.答案：saw→seeing．seeing作enjoyed的宾语。mainproblemIwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChineseandtriedtotranslateeverythingintoEnglish.答案：去掉that前的in.was后接表语从句，不用介词。Ⅱ题点经典类型题1.(典型例题附中模拟)Expentsarecallingatschoolsandparentstocutdownthemountofhomework.【答案】at→oncallon呼吁固定搭配。2.(典型例题考)Nooneknowsitbesidestwoofmyfriends.答案：besides→except／bulbesides表示“除了……还有……”，expect／but表示“除了……没有……”此处表示只有我的好朋友知道此事。Ⅲ新高考命题探究1.Youarewantedbythephone.答案：by改为on．bewantedOnthephone有某人的电话。2.Whatisthetimeinyourwatch答案：in改为by．byone'swatch固定的介词短语，“照你的表”。3.Yourwatchissimilarwithmine.答案：with改为to．besimilarto与……相似。4.Anhourconsistsbysixty,minutes.答案：by改为of由……组成。5.Theoldmanissittingnexthisson.答案：next后加to．nextto在……旁边，靠近。6.Shehadtodosuchthingsatherwill.答案：at改为against．againstone'swill违背某人的意愿。7.WhenaretheyleavingtoLondon答案：to改为for．1eavefor．．．，“动身去……”。8.Iwasverysurprisedbyseeingherhere.答案：by改为surprisedat对……感到吃惊。9.Myfatherwillbebackafterthreehours.答案：after改为in.“in+一段时间”与将来时态连用。10.whatdoesheusuallyhaveatbreakfast答案：at改为for．have．．．forbreakfast"以……作早餐”。11.Asarule,theworkersarepaidforthehour.答案：for改为by．bythehour按小时。12.Thechildrenweretoldtokeepofthegrass.答案：of改为off．off意为“离开”。13.Youranswerofthequestionisnotsatisfying.答案：Of改为answerto．．．“……的答案”。14.I'veneverheardhim.HowcanIknowhim答案：heard后加“。hearO{听说。15ThehurricanehappenedinSundaymorning.答案：in改为OIL具体某一天上午、下午、晚上前用介词On．16.Hedecidedtolookthroughthematterhimself.答案：through改为into．lookinto调查。looksatsuchthingsdifferentlylikeallofus.答案：like改为from．differentlyfrom．．．“与……不同”。18.Dr.Smithisamantowhomwehavethegrgatestrespeck答案：to改为for．haverespectforsb．对某人表示尊敬。foryourhelp,wehadnotroublefindingherlostchild答案：for改为to．thanksto归功于。20.Everythingthereisquiteallright,exceptthatthefooddoesn'tagreetome.答案：to改为with．agreewithsb.适合于某人。探究性命题综合测试考场热身Passage1Mrs.Smithwasunabletofallsleepingatnightand答案：sleeping→asleep指导：fallasleep睡着，睡熟。固定习语。wasverytiredduringthedaytodoanything,eventhe答案：very→too指导：构成too．．．to．．．结构。simplethingsthatsheusedtoenjoydoing.Shehad答案：√headachesmoreoften,itproventedherfromreading答案：it→which指导：which引导非限制性定语从句，代指那个事实。orwatchedTV.Themoreshethoughtaboutherconditions,答案：watched→watching指导：watching与reading并列作from的宾语。themoreworseshefelt.Atlastshewenttoseeherdoctor,答案：去掉more指导：．．theworseshefelt.……她感觉越坏。“more+形容词或副词原级”构成比较级形式，在比较级(worse是bad的比较级)前不能用more来修饰。whomshehadknownforyears.Thedoctorlistenedtohis答案：his→her指导：herheart＝Mrs．Smith'sheart．heartandsaid,"Thereisnothingseriouswrongwith答案：serious→seriously指导：seriously修饰wrong。you,andIacceptthefactyoudon'tfellwell.NowI'll答案：and→but指导：句意：你虽然没有什么严重的问题，但是我承认你感觉不好的事实。9.'giveyousomepills(药丸)thathelp.Cometomorrow答案：＾help→will指导：句意：我给你开一了些能治你头疼的药。help这里的意思是“对治头疼有帮助”。morningandtellmehowyoufell."Passage2Awarm-heartnurseonherfirstday'sworkcameto答案：warm-heart→warm-hearted指导：注意构词法，又如：cold-hearted心肠冷的，不热心的；warm-blooded(动物)温血的。apatient.Sheaskedhimshecoulddoanythingfor答案：him＾→if／whether指导：ask后接的宾语从句一般由疑问连接词来引导。him,andheonlywavedhishandsandsaidsomething答案：and→but指导：由上下文逻辑可判断。shecouldhardlyunderstand.Sheaskedhimagain答案：√andhejustkeptsayingthedifferentwords,but答案：different→same指导；句意：他一直重复着同一句话。inalowervoicebeforeclosinghiseye.She答案：eye→eyes指导：eye显然应当用复数。felthispulseandfoundhimdeath.Sherushedto答案：death→dead指导：dead作宾语补足语，应当是形容词形式repeattothedoctorsoundsshehadheard."My答案：＾sounds，the指导：thesounds指她听到的那位患者死前重复说的那句活。注意本句的话序，the．sounds作repeat的宾语，应置其后，但因其后接一定语从句，所以放在了tothedoctor之后。句意：她(护士)匆匆忙忙地跑去向医生重复了一下她听到的那些声音。deargirl,"saidthedoctorafterlistencarefullyto1isten→listening指导：after此处是介词。注意after既可作连词，又可作介词。作连词时是这样的：…saidthedoctorafterhelistenedcarefully．．．whatsherepeated,"hewassayingyou'vestandingon答案：you've→you’re指导：You'restandingOnmyoxygenpipe．你正站在我的氧气管子上。myoxygenpipe.”Passage3Iworkedlikeapostmanforashorttime,butI答案：ke→as指导；workasapostman当邮递员。amafraidofthedogsandIhadalotoftrouble.答案：the指导：dogs这里表示“类指”而非“专指”。“我怕狗”而不是“我怕那(这些狗)”。Oneday,Imanagedtosendapostcardtoabighouse.答案：naged→tried指导：由下文可知“送明信片”这件事还没有做到，所以不可用managed。managetodosth．表示“想方设法做成了某事”。NosoonerhadIgotmybicyclethanalargedogran答案：t＾→off指导：gotoffmybicycle从自行车上下来。又如：gotoffthebus从公交车上下来。towardsthegate,barkingloudlyatme.Itseemed答案：tobiteme.IfIhadmovedaninchtowards,thedog答案：wards→forward指导．．moveaninchforward往前挪一(英寸)。wouldhavejumpedatme.AttheendIhadno答案：In指导：intheend最终；attheend(ok．．)在……结束的时候。oicebutdropthepostcardonthegroundinthegarden.答案：t＾→to指导：这里but前没有出现实义动词，所以其后应当接todo形式。Theterrible-lookingdogpickeditimmediatelyand答案：it＾→up指导：picdeditup把明信片衔起来。carrieditinthehouse.Thedogwasagoodpostman.答案：in--into指导：carrieditintothehouse把明信片叼进房子里。Passage4MissJoneswasateacher,herhomewasnot答案：her→whose指导：whose引导非限制性定语从句。注意：在her前加and的改法是不正确的，因为后面是由and引导的并列分句。farfromherschool,butshealwayswalkedthere答案：but→and指导：由上下文的逻辑关系可推断出。inthemorning.Allthepupilsintheschoolwasveryyoung.答案：was→were指导：句子的主语是pupils(复数)。Inaverycoldandwindymorning,MissJoneswalked答案：In→On指导：通常说inthemorning／aftemoon／evening；但是当它们与其他形容词或某些词组连用时需用on。nacoolroominginspring春天的一个凉爽的早晨；Ontheprevious／fellowingevening在头天(第二天)晚上；OnthemoningOfthe4thOfSeptember在9月4日的上午。toschool,andthecoldwindwentintohereyes,答案：＾school→the指导：theschool指的是MissJones工作的那所学校。andbigtearsbeganrollingoutofthem.Shearrived答案：arrived→reached或arrived→at指导：注意arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。theschool,openedthedoorandgointotheclassroom.答案：go→went指导：显然应该是一般过去时。ItwasniceandwarmhereandMissJoneswas答案：√happy.Butthenthesmallboylookedatherforafew答案：the→a指导：这个小男孩是上文中未提及的。seconds,puthisarmonherandsaidkindly,答案：on→around指导：puthisarnlaroundher双臂抱住她。"Don'tcry,Miss.Passage5Oneday,Iwascookinginthekitchenasthe答案：as→when指导：when此处是并列连词，“正当这时……”，此时与as是不可互换的。telephonerings.Iwenttoansweritimmediately.答案：rings→rang指导：由上下文的动词动态很容易作出判断。句意：一天，我正在厨房里做饭，突然电话铃响了。answer讧去接电话。Shewasmyclosefriend,Lisa.Whenweweretalking答案：She→It指导：it用来确定身份。onaphone,thefirealarmsounded.Iranbacktothe答案：a→the指导：onthephone通电话，固定习语。kitchen.Theroomfullofsmokeandbeefwasbadly答案：＾full→was指导：befullOf充满。burnt.Iquicklyturnedoffthegas,openingallthe答案：opening→opened指导：turnedoffthegas，opened．．．，andthenwent．．．是三个并列的谓语动词。windows,andthenwentoutofthehouse.Inmy答案：In→To指导：tosb'ssurprise让某人吃惊的是……。习语。surprise,twofireengineswereoutsidemyhouse.I答案：√wasratherworried.Itoldaboutthefirementhatit答案：去掉about指导：tellsb．that从句，告诉某人……。wasmycarelesscookingwhichcausedtheheavysmoke.X答案：which→that指导：强调句型中不用which．句意：我告诉消防员，是我做饭时的粗心导致浓烟滚滚。Passage6Weweredrivingalonganarrowroadwhilethecarstopped1.答案：while→when指导：与passage5中的第1题情况相同。working.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwe答案：2．and→but指导：句意：我们努力想把它修好，可是我们什么也干不成。coulddo.PaddyandIwantedgooffforhelp,3.__________答案：wanted＾go→to指导：wanttodosth．想要做某事。butMikeinsistedinstayingneartheear.Hesaidit答案：irt→on指导：insistondoingsth．坚持要示做某事。习语。wasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthangointo答案：√theforestandgettinglost.However,PaddyandIdidnot答案：getting→get指导：getlost与gOintotheforest是并列关系。agreeandPaddypointedtoapathwhichhethoughtitwould答案：去掉it指导：which引导定语从句，代指thepath，在从句中作wouldprobablyleadtoavillage的主语，所以it是多余的。probablyleadtoavillage.Wefollowedapathbut8.__________答案：第二a→the指导：thepath指的就是上文提到的可能通向某村庄的那条道。soonwelost.Wewalkedon.Afteranhourorso,答案：we＾lost→were／got指导：迷路说法有；get／belost；loseone'sway。webegantofeelfrightening.10.__________答案：frightening→frightened指导：feelfrightened感到害怕。frightening令人／使人害怕。Passage7Japanisabeautifulcountry,coveringwithmanyCovering→covered指导：coveredwitk．．．短语相当于一个非限制性定语从句：…，whichiscoveredwith…tinyriversandhighmountains.Japanisalsoapleased答案：pleased→pleasant指导：apleasantcountry一个(气候)宜人的国家。country.Itisknownforthelandofthecherryblossom答案：for→as指导：beknownas．．．作为……而著名；beknownfor．．．因……而著名，beknowntosb．被某(些)人所熟知。句意：日本是著名的樱花之国。beeauseofinthespringofyearthecherrytrees4.________答案：去掉of指导：becaux。f是介词短语，其后不能接句子。aresobeautiful.Thejapaneselikegardensverymuch.答案：√Wherearenonaturalgardens,theJapanese6.________答案：Where后加there指导：where引导地点状语从句，从句是一个therebe结构的句子。句意：在没有天然花园的地方，日本人民建设了自己的花园。havemadetheirown.Becausetheislandsishilly,答案：is→are指导：主语和谓语应该保持数的一致。thereisagreatlackofthesoil,soeveylittlebit8.________答案：去掉the指导：soil这里表示泛指，故不可有定冠词。isused.Nomatterhowtinymaybe,everyhomehas 答案：may前加it指导:nomattterhow引导的从句中显然缺少主语，it指Japan．itsownlittlegarden.Japaniscountryworthvisiting.答案：is＾→a指导：日本是一个值得一去的国家。Passage8LastSundayIwentouttothelunchwithmyfriend答案：去掉the指导：一日三餐前一般不加冠词。当其前有形容词修饰时，可用a，如：alightbreakfast量少的早餐；Inevereatabigdinner.我向来饭量不大。George,whowasveryfatindeed.Helikessweet2.________答案：was→is指导：由下文可知，这里是在介绍George的一个客观情况。food,aswellasthoserichfoods.NotonlyGeorge答案：＾George→does指导；notonly引导的分句必须用部分倒装的语序。enjoyeatingbutheisagoodeaterwell.Whenever4.________答案：＾well→as指导：aswell也。固定习语。heeatsout,healwayseatsalotoffoodandspends答案：√toolongtimeatarestaurant.Whenwesatatatable答案：＾tiille→a指导：toolongatime太长的一段时间，这里time指具体的一段时间。inarestaurant,thewaiterbroughtatrayfilledof答案：of→with指导：tidiedwithvariousfoods装满各种各样的食物。相当于一个定语从句：whichwasfilledwith．．．variousfoods.Aftereatingabigmeal,Itoldhimthat答案：a→the指导；thebigmeal指“那一盘子各种各样的食物”。wemustleavebecausewehavebeenthere答案：have→had指导：根据上下文的时态可作出判断，此处应当使用过去完成时。for3hours.Butheinsistedstaythere."we答案：＾stay→we指导：insist后不可接动词原形作宾语。这里完整的表达是：Butheinsistedthatweshouldstaythere．同义表达为：ButheinsistedOnourstayingthere．can'tleavenow,forit'salreadytimefortea!"Passage9Myhusband96-year-oldgrandmothercametolive答案：husband→husband's指导：“我丈夫的96岁高龄的祖母”，显然应当使用所有格形式。withusformanyyearsofindependence.Wedid答案：for→after指导：aftermanyyearsOfindependence多年的独居之后。allthethingwecouldtomakeherfeelcomfortable3.________答案：thing→things指导：allthethings所有的事情。inourhome,includinggivinghertheprivatelinefor答案：the→a指导：aprivateline一块清静的场所。herbedroom.Oneeveningwearehavingaparty答案：are→were指导：由上下文的时态可以作出判断。whenthephonerang.Itwasatelephoneoperator,6.________答案：√thatasked,"Doyouhaveagrandmotherupstairs"7.________答案：that→who指导：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。"Yes,"myhusbandreply."Well,"the8.________答案：reply→replied指导：明显的时态错误。operatoragaincontinued,"Shecan'tremember'9.________答案：去掉again指导：continue继续。再加上again显然不当。yourphonenumber,andshelikeacupoftea."Passage10Asisknownbyall,theIntemetis答案：by→to指导：beknowntosb．被某人知道，固定搭配。playingamoreandmoreimportantparton-our答案：on→in指导：playapartinsth．在……当中起作用，固定搭配。dailylife.Onit,wecanonlyreadnews3.__________答案：only前加not指导：notonly．．．butalso固定搭配。athomeandabroadbutalsogetasmuch答案：√informationaspossible.Weareoftensende-mailsor答案：去掉are指导：are显然是多余的。maketelephonecalltoourfamiliesaswellasourfriends.答案：call→calls指导：call是可数名词，这里应当是复数形式。However,wecangotoschoolonthenet,readdifferentkinds答案：However→Besides指导：根据上下文的逻辑关系可推断出，这里传达的信息是：另外，我们还可以在电脑上上网校，阅读各种各样的书籍，自学英语等。ofbooksandeventeachmyselfEnglish.Wecanalsoenjoy答案：myself→ourselves指导：与句子的主语we呼应。music,watchingsportsandplaycomputergamesonthe答案：watching→watch指导：watch与enjoy，play是并列谓语。net.Wecandoshopevenwithoutleavingourhomes.答案：shop→shopping指导：doshopping购物，习语。Passage11MycousinXiaoHongandIwentontriptomyuncle's答案：onA→a；指导：go。natript。．．．到某地旅行。固定搭配。lastSunday.Wewereridingalongahillsidethensuddenly答案：then→when指导：when此处是并列连词，相当于说“正当这时”。somebigstoneswererolleddownandknockedusoffourbikes.答案：去掉were指导：此处描述“一些大石头从山上滚落下来”，并未强调“被某人滚动下来”，所以不能用作被动语态。XiaoHong'slegsgotserioushurtandsodidmine.We答案：serious→seriously指导：seriously修饰hurt，作状语，应当用副词形式。couldn'tmoveabit.Fortunately,Isawsomefarmersahead.答案：√Wavingourhand,wecriedforhelplikecrazy.Onhearing答案：hand→hands指导：显然应当用复数。us,theyruntothespotasfastastheycould.Thanksto答案：run→ran指导：根据上下文的时间可以判断，这里使用一般现在时是毫无根据的。theirhelp,wewereallsenttoanearbyhospitalandreceived答案：all→both指导：both指“和“XiaoHong"两个人。medicaltreatmentintime.AlthoughWedonotknowabouttheir答案：去掉about指导：knowabout．．．了解关于……的情况，此处使用它显然不当。names,wefeeltheylikeourdearbigbrothersandsisrers.答案：they＾→are指导：like作“好像……”解时，是介词，而介词短语不可单独作谓语。句意：我们感觉他们就像我们亲爱的大哥哥、大姐姐一样。Passage12LadiesandGentlemen,mayIpayyourattention,pleaseNowwearelooking答案：pay→have指导：MayIhaveyourattention，please是唤起别人注意时常用的表达，意思是让别人注意自己。而payattentionto表示“对……注意”，在这个语境中符合逻辑的说法是：Willyoupayyourattentiontome，please但是，这个既符合逻辑又语法正确的说法在实际使用中却很少听到。forapassenger,MrBrown,heisfromAmerica.And答案：he→who指导：who引导非限制性定语从句，代指MrBrown．heisnowleavingBeijingtoAmericabyFlight2748.答案：to→for指导：leaveaplaceforsomewhereelse离开某地去往某地。固定搭配。3,ButwetoldthatMrBrownlefthispassport答案：weA→were指导：句意：可是我们被告知……应当使用被动语态。另外，tell作“告诉”解时，一般要接双宾语，即tell.aswellashiswalletintheFriendshipHotelwherehehadstayedat.答案：去掉at指导：关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中的功能相当于：attheFriendshipHotel．显然原句中的at是多余的。Themanagerofthehotelhasjustcalledtellus答案：＾tell→to指导totellusaboutit动词不定式作目的状语。句意：那家宾馆的经理打电话告诉了我们这件事。aboutit.Themanagerhadsenthissecretarytobring答案：had→has指导：根据上下文的时间关系可作出判断这里应当使用现在完成时。thepassportandthewalletthereandshewillarrive答案：there→here指导：句意：经理现已派他的秘书去把护照和钱夹取过来，她马上就会到。soon.WillMrBrowngotothegateofourairport答案：√andwaitforyourpassportandwalletItwillarriveinabouttenminutes.答案：It→They指导：they代指thepassport和thewallet．Passage13IoftenreadEnglishaloudandtryingtolearnsomething答案：trying→try或去掉and指导：若将trying改成try，try与read并列作谓语；若去掉and，trying作解释性状语。importantinheart.IthelpsmerememberwhatIhavelearned答案：irr→by指导：learnsth．byheart记住某事。固定搭配。andformgoodhabitofthinkinginEnglish.Ilisten答案：form后加the／a指导：formthe／ahabitofdoingsth.养成做某事的习惯。alotandcommunicatewiththeothersinEnglish.答案：去掉the指导：句意：我经常听并且用英语与别人交流。可见，这里“别人”并不是特指“某个群体”。Inthisway,Iimprovedbothmylisteningabilityandmy答案：加have指导：根据上下文的时间关系可以判断：这里使用一般过去时显然不当，加上have后构成了完成时。speakingEnglish.IkeepadiaryinEnglishevery答案：eaking→spoken指导：spokenEnglish英语口语，又如：writtenEnglish书面英语。对照：anEnglish-speakingcountry一个讲英语的国家。dayandmywrittenEnglishisbecomingbetterand答案：√better.Ialsotrymybestmasterthenecessarygranunar答案：best后加to指导：tryone'sbesttodosth.竭尽全力做某事。习惯表达。knowledge.Bythismeans,Icanexpressme答案：me→myself指导：I与me同指一个人，所以必须使用反身代词形式。correetly.That'swhyIhavebeenlearningEnglish.答案：why→how指导：句意：这就是我怎么学英语的。Passage14Marywasanuniversitystudent.Shedidn'thaveverymuch答案：an→a指导：university是以元音字母u开首的，但它的读音却是半元音[ju:]，而不是元音。比较：ausefulbook；anuglyface．moneyandherparentswerenotrich,butshehadanuncle答案：√whohadbeenfortunateenoughtocollectgreatwealthy.答案：wealthy→wealth指导：wealthy是形容词形式，wealth名词，作collect的宾语。HealwaysgavehervaluableChristmasandbirthdaypresent.答案：present→presents指导：present礼物，可数名词。Whenheruncle'sbirthdaycameround,Marywanttobuyhim答案：want→wanted指导：显然应当使用一般过去时。somethingrealspecial,butbecausehewassorich,shedidnot