(新高考)高考全国1卷高考英语二轮复习 30分语言运用练 (解析版)

30分语言运用练运用练一Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·湖南长郡中学模拟)ThesoundwokeDamianLanguellat8：15inthemorning.Watchingoutofhisbedroomwindow,hesawatree__1__insmokeabout500yardsaway.Acarwaswrappedaroundthetree’sbase,itsengine__2__．“Igrabbedbucketsofwater，”saidLanguell.Thenherantothecrash__3__．Thecarlookedworseupclose.Itwasnearly__4__intotwo,andthetreewaswherethedriver’sseatoughttohavebeen,asifplantedthere.Nooneshouldhave__5__thiscrash,andyettherewas16－year－oldQuintinThompson,his__6__facepressedagainstthedriver’ssidewindow,invisible__7__．Languell,35,triedpouringthefirewithhisbucketsofwaterwithnosuccess.“Whenthe__8__gotintothefrontseats,IrealizedIhadtogethimoutofthere，”hesaid.Completely__9__hisownsafety,Languellopenedthecar’sbackdoorand__10__in.HecutthroughThompson’sseatbeltusingapocketknifehe’dhadtheforesighttobringwithhim.NowthatThompsonwasfreeofthe__11__，Languellpulledhimoutofthevehicle,andthen__12__theteentosafetyjustbeforetheentirecarwassurroundedinflames.AlthoughThompsonsufferedseveralbreakingstohislegs,spine,andface,asocialmediapost__13__himas“lookinggreat,smiling，andjoking”．Displayingthesortofsympathythat__14__himtohelp,heexplained,“MyheartgoesouttoThompson.Whenyouarethatclosetothatlevelofhurt,youfeelitso__15__．”【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。本文记叙了达米安·兰格尔目睹了一场车祸，并且冒着生命危险从中救出幸存者的故事。1．A.swallowed B．preservedC．melted D．settled答案A[根据下文Acarwaswrappedaroundthetree’sbase和空后的insmoke可推知，树被烟“吞没”了。swallow“吞没”，preserve“保存”，melt“熔化”，settle“解决”。]2．A.beyondreach B．undercontrolC．onfire D．inshape答案C[根据上文的描述可知，车撞上了一棵树，且根据第二段倒数第二句中的pouringthefire可知，引擎应该是起火了。beyondreach“够不着”，undercontrol“在控制中”，onfire“起火”，inshape“呈……形状的事物”。]3．A.levels B．surroundingsC．direction D．site答案D[根据语境可知，兰格尔应该是拿着一桶水跑向撞车地点。level“等级”，surroundings“环境”，direction“方向”，site“地点”。]4．A.developed B．arrangedC．shot D．divided答案D[根据空后的intotwo可知，此处表示车子几乎被撞成两半。develop“发展”，arrange“安排”，shoot“射击”，divide“分割”。]5．A.explained B．plannedC．survived D．prevented答案C[根据常识和上文对车祸情况的描写可知，按理说没有人可以活下来。explain“解释”，plan“计划”，survive“幸存”，prevent“阻止”。]6．A.terrified B．relaxedC．moved D．confused答案A[根据车祸的惨烈状况可知，QuintinThompson应是非常害怕的。terrified“害怕的”，relaxed“放松的”，moved“感动的”，confused“困惑的”。]7．A.eagerness B．doubtC．pain D．devotion答案C[根据常识可知，经历了车祸，QuintinThompson应是很痛的。eagerness“渴望”，doubt“怀疑”，pain“疼痛”，devotion“奉献”。]8．A.flames B．waterC．branches D．fuel答案A[根据语境可知，兰格尔灭火失败，当火焰蔓延到前排座位时，兰格尔意识到必须把车里的人救出来。]9．A.denying B．ignoringC．respecting D．guaranteeing答案B[根据上文可知，火焰已经蔓延到前排座位，情况非常危险，此处表示兰格尔为了救人完全忽视了自己的危险。deny“否认”，ignore“忽视”，respect“尊重”，guarantee“保证”。]10．A.climbed B．slippedC．ran D．called答案A[根据语境可知，兰格尔需要爬进汽车，才能救QuintinThompson。]11．A.dilemma B．trapC．destination D．embarrassment答案B[根据上文可知，兰格尔割断了安全带，所以QuintinThompson摆脱了困境。]12．A.forced B．showedC．dragged D．accompanied答案C[根据语境可知，兰格尔将QuintinThompson拖出汽车，再拖到了安全的地方。force“强迫”，show“展示”，drag“拖”，accompany“陪伴”。]13．A.thanked B．employedC．served D．described答案D[根据空后的“as‘lookinggreat,smiling，andjoking’”可知，尽管汤普森受了一些伤，但一家社交媒体称他“看上去很棒，微笑着，还开玩笑”。]14．A.ordered B．droveC．begged D．trained答案B[根据Displayingthesortofsympathythat和himtohelp可知，此处表示对汤普森的同情驱使兰格尔义无反顾地去救人。order“订购”，drive“驱使”，beg“祈求”，train“训练”。]15．A.directly B．hopelesslyC．calmly D．effectively答案A[根据上文的thesortofsympathy可知，此处表示当你靠近受伤如此严重的人时，你就会感同身受]。Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·郑州市第二次质量检测)Aftertraveling1.____________spaceforsevenmonths，China’sTianwen－1probe(探测器)hasreachedMarsand2.____________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021，accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack－and－whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen－13.____________theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”，4.____________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu，5.____________(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”．Tianwen－1，thecountry’sfirst6.____________(independence)Marsmission(任务)，waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy－liftcarrierrocket，byfarthe7.____________(large)launchvehicleinChina，fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince，onJuly23，2020.Themission8.____________(design)tostudythecompositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.____________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytocompleteorbiting，landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft－landarover(巡视器)inMayonthesouthernpartofMars’UtopiaPlanitia10.____________(conduct)scientificsurveys.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了“天问一号”的成功发射，还介绍了探测器的名称由来和发射目的等。1．through/in[考查介词。根据空后的“space”可知，该处指“在太空中旅行”，故用介词through或者in。]2．smoothly[考查词性转换。副词修饰动词，空处修饰动词“entered”，故用smooth的副词形式。]3．when[考查状语从句。根据语境“中国国家航天局还公布了一张由‘天问一号’在距离火星约220万千米时拍摄的火星黑白照片”可知，空处引导时间状语从句。应用when作连接词，表示“在……时候”。]4．borrowed[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语动词为5空，此空为非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。]5．means[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子谓语，该句陈述的是客观情况，故用一般现在时；该句主语为Thename“Tianwen”，为单数概念，故谓语动词用单数。]6．independent[考查词性转换。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词短语“Marsmission”，故用independence的形容词形式。]7．largest[考查比较等级。此处表示2020年7月23日，我国首个独立火星任务“天问一号”在海南省文昌航天发射中心由中国迄今为止最大的运载火箭长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空。根据空前的“byfarthe”可知，空处用最高级“largest”。]8．isdesigned/hasbeendesigned[考查时态语态。该句主语Themission和动词design之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；该句可以用一般现在时陈述当前客观事实，也可以用现在完成时强调设计此任务带来的影响或结果。]9．It[考查代词。结合语境可知，空处指代上句的主语“Themission”，故用It。]10．toconduct[考查非谓语动词。该句意为：该任务的最终目标是在5月份在火星的乌托邦平原南部软着陆一辆火星车，以进行科学调查。应用动词不定式表示目的。]

运用练二Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·青岛市高三质检)InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman’sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn.The__1__madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget__2__．ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)__3__store,justfewblocksaway.Onewouldhavethoughtthatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor’sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto__4__newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.__5__Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he__6__thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe__7__himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver__8__tohiscustomers,hesaid，“Don’tworry！Whynot__9__meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi__10__hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit’sa(n)__11__ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers__12__theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir__13__butthestoryis__14__：It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans__15__othersandhavingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了这样一个故事：尤西·海曼经营的店铺发生了火灾，在他一筹莫展的时候，同行谢伊·兰萨姆非但没有落井下石，趁机抢占市场和客户，反而热心帮助竞争对手渡过难关。1．A.explosion B．battleC．accident D．campaign答案C[根据上文afire和下文havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness可知，这是一场事故(accident)。explosion“爆炸”；battle“战斗”；campaign“运动，活动”。]2．A.attention B．assistanceC．information D．income答案D[根据上文havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness和常识可知，尤西·海曼没有地方经营自己的生意，也就没有收入(income)。attention“注意”；assistance“帮助”；information“信息”。]3．A.similar B．mysteriousC．online D．outdoor答案A[根据下文justfewblocksaway及hiscompetitor’sbadluck可知，谢伊和尤西·海曼是竞争对手，所以他们应经营的是相似的(similar)店铺。mysterious“神秘的”；online“在线的”；outdoor“户外的”。]4．A.treat B．acquireC．dependon D．giveup答案B[根据下文increasehisbusiness可知，虽然谢伊·兰萨姆可能会同情尤西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住这次机会以获得(acquire)更多的新顾客。treat“对待”；dependon“依靠，取决于”；giveup“放弃”。]5．A.Moreover B．ThereforeC．Instead D．Though答案C[根据下文的Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent和上文的内容可知，谢伊没有趁机获得更多的新顾客，而是(instead)做了很出色的事情。moreover“此外”；therefore“因此”；though“即使”。]6．A.pickedup B．hungupC．repaired D．provided答案A[根据下文的called尤西·海曼可知，此处是指谢伊拿起(pickup)电话。hangup“挂断电话”；repair“修理”；provide“提供”。]7．A.doubt B．comfortC．turnto D．laughat答案B[根据下文的“Don’tworry！...trytohelpeachother.”可知，谢伊给尤西打电话，不仅安慰(comfort)了他，还主动提出要给予尤西帮助。doubt“怀疑”；turnup“求助于”；laughat“嘲笑”。]8．A.service B．spiritC．orders D．notes答案C[根据hiscustomers可知，尤西需要一个场所来经营自己的生意并给客户送货(order)。service“服务”；spirit“精神”；note“笔记”。]9．A.replace B．attendC．enable D．join答案D[根据下文“Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”可知，谢伊让尤西在其店铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意。joinsb意为“和某人一起”。replace“取代，代替”；attend“出席”；enable“使能够”。]10．A.maintained B．recoveredC．reported D．cut答案D[根据Sheadidashepromised可知，谢伊让尤西在其店铺重建之前去他的店里继续经营生意，因此尤西可以减少(cut)他的损失。maintain“维持”；recover“恢复”；report“报道”。]11．A.example B．reminderC．challenge D．guide答案A[根据seeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily可知，这个故事是一个将社区成员视为家庭成员的例子(example)。reminder“起提醒作用的东西”；challenge“挑战”；guide“指南，向导”。]12．A.becauseof B．aheadofC．outof D．inspiteof答案B[根据上文“________Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”和“Don’tworry！Whynot________meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt？”可知，谢伊没有借此机会抢走客户，反而帮助了尤西。这是把别人的需要放在自己的需要前面(aheadof)。becauseof“因为，由于”；outof“离开，在外”；inspiteof“尽管，不顾”。]13．A.duty B．fameC．interest D．business答案D[根据Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoney和常识可知，商人通常都想要赚更多的钱，扩大自己的生意(business)。duty“责任”；fame“名声，名望”；interest“兴趣，利益”。]14．A.exceptional B．boringC．ridiculous D．old答案A[根据but可知，这个故事是不寻常的(exceptional)。boring“无聊的”；ridiculous“可笑的，荒谬的”；old“老的，旧的”。]15．A.losingtrackof B．settlingforC．caringfor D．calmingdown答案C[根据havingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea可知，真正的信任意味着像谢伊一样关心(carefor)他人并且有一颗充满怜悯的心。losetrackof“失去联系”；settlefor“无奈接受，勉强同意”；calmdown“平静下来，镇定下来”。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·福州市3月质量检测)TheoxhasasignificantplaceinChineseculture.Centuriesago，mostpeopleearnedtheirlivingthroughfarmingandtheoxwasused1.____________(help)farmandcarryheavygoods.AncientChinesepoetsandwriters2.____________(frequent)describedtheoxinliterature.IntheClassicofPoetry，theoldestexistingcollectionofChinesepoetry，theanimal3.____________(mention)severaltimes.Theoxisconsideredasymbolofdiligenceand4.____________(sincere)．Tothisday，thephrase“thespiritofox”stillrefers5.____________conqueringanythingthatmaypresentitselfasanobstacle.Thespiritishighlypraisedandmanypeoplefollowitastheirworkethic(行为准则)．When6.____________comestosomeonewhogainsagreatachievementthroughhardwork，peopleoftenuse“niu”，7.____________(mean)“awesome”，todescribehimorher.Oxenseldombullytheweakorfear8.____________strong.Theyworkhardandmakesacrifices.ThisisreflectedinapoembyLuXun：“Headbowed，likeawillingox，Iservethechildren.”Thepoem9.____________(imply)thatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies，10.____________fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.【语篇解读】本文是说明文，牛在中国文化中有很重要的地位，牛被认为是勤劳和真诚的象征。时至今日，“牛的精神”仍被用来形容克服一切困难的精神，受到高度的赞扬，更是许多人的工作守则。牛也很少欺软怕硬，会辛苦工作，作出牺牲。1．tohelp[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法beusedtodosth，表示“被用来做某事”。]2．frequently[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰句子中的动词described。]3．wasmentioned[考查时态语态。分析句子结构可知，theanimal指的是牛，该句表述了在中国现存的最古老的诗歌集《诗经》中，牛被数次提及，再结合空前一句使用了一般过去时可知，此处应该使用一般过去时的被动语态。]4．sincerity[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处应与and之前的diligence为并列结构，应该使用名词形式。]5．to[考查介词。referto为固定短语，表示“描述”，因此应该填to。]6．it[考查代词。whenitcomesto...为固定结构，意为“当涉及……”，因此应填it。]7．meaning[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，动词mean和其逻辑主语“niu”之间为主谓关系，因此应使用meaning。]8．the[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用“the＋形容词”表示一类人，thestrong表示强大的人或事物，与or之前的theweak呼应，因此应使用定冠词。]9．implies[考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境及结合本段叙述所使用的时态可知，此处应使用一般现在时且主语poem是单数，故填implies。]10．which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“thatLuXun...toenemies”，空处在从句中作主语，因此应使用which。]

运用练三Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·河北唐山一模)In2014,theVarkeyFoundationestablishedtheGlobalTeacherPrize.Itistoreawakentheworld’s__1__andimportanceofteachers.Thisyear’sPrize__2__toDisale,aprimaryschoolteacherfromIndia.Shortlyafterthe__3__inLondon,Disaleannouncedthatheintendedto__4__halfoftheprizemoneywiththeothernineco－finalists.Hewantedthemto__5__andlightenthelivesofmorestudents.Backin2007,Disalehadtoenroll(加入)inateacher－trainingprogram__6__afterbeingrefusedbyanengineeringuniversityofhischoice.However,hesoonrealizedtheimpacteducatorscouldmakeon__7__lives.Aftergraduating,heaccepteda__8__inatinyvillage.Theschoolbuildingwasfarfromsatisfactory.What’sworse,thevillagers__9__education,especiallyforgirls.Eventhecourseswerenotwritteninthenativelanguage,Kannada.Disalesteppeduptothe__10__byfirstlearningKannadahimselfandthentranslatingallthetextbooksintothenativelanguage.Heevenorganizedafter－school“Edutainment”activitiestoawakenthestudents’__11__．His__12__havepaidoffandextended(延伸)beyondhistinyvillage.Today,histinyschoolhas__13__100percentattendancefromgirls.Hisproject,Let’sCrosstheBorders,isdesignedtobuild__14__betweenyoungpeopleinconflictzones.Givenhiscommitment,itis__15__thathehasreceivedtheprize.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。2020年全球教师奖被颁给了印度乡村教师迪塞尔，他为乡村教育事业做出了巨大贡献。1．A.imagination B．appreciationC．delight D．discussion答案B[imagination“想象”；appreciation“感激”；delight“高兴”；discussion“讨论”。根据空后的andimportanceofteachers可知，设立全球教师奖的目的是唤起全世界对教师的重视和感激。]2．A.went B．appealedC．turned D．tended答案A[句意：今年的奖颁给了来自印度的小学教师迪塞尔。goto表示“被给予”。]3．A.calculation B．visitC．ceremony D．arrangement答案C[calculation“计算”；visit“参观”；ceremony“典礼”；arrangement“安排”。根据常识可知，奖金是在颁奖典礼上发的。]4．A.exchange B．spendC．share D．save答案C[句意：在伦敦举行的颁奖典礼后不久，Disale宣布他打算与其他九位入围决赛的选手分享一半的奖金。share...with...表示“与……分享……”。]5．A.standout B．showupC．comeup D．reachout答案D[standout“突出”；showup“出现”；comeup“上升”；reachout“伸出”。根据空后的andlightenthelivesofmorestudents可知，此处指他想让其他九位入围决赛的选手能够伸出手帮助更多的学生。]6．A.particularly B．happilyC．unwisely D．unwillingly答案D[particularly“尤其”；happily“快乐地”；unwisely“不明智地”；unwillingly“不情愿地”。根据上文中的hadto与空后的afterbeingrefusedbyanengineeringuniversityofhischoice可知，迪塞尔是在申请被拒绝之后，才不得不参加教师培训项目的。]7．A.young B．fragileC．lonely D．common答案A[根据常识及上文“Hewantedthemto________andlightenthelivesofmorestudents.”可知，学生大多数都是年轻人，所以是教育工作者对年轻人产生影响。]8．A.title B．positionC．reward D．promotion答案B[句意：毕业后，他接受了一个小村庄里的工作。title“标题”；position“职位”；reward“奖励，回报”；promotion“提升”。]9．A.doubted B．choseC．assessed D．balanced答案A[doubt“怀疑”；choose“选择”；assess“评估”；balance“平衡”。根据especiallyforgirls和“Eventhecourseswerenotwritteninthenativelanguage，Kannada.”可知，村民们怀疑教育。]10．A.challenge B．fameC．standard D．danger答案A[challenge“挑战”；fame“名声”；standard“标准”；danger“危险”。根据“byfirstlearningKannadahimselfandthentranslatingallthetextbooksintothenativelanguage.”可知，迪塞尔开始自学卡纳拉语，然后把所有的课本翻译成本地语言，这对他来说是个挑战。]11．A.memory B．curiosityC．tolerance D．sympathy答案B[memory“记忆”；curiosity“好奇心”；tolerance“容忍”；sympathy“同情”。根据“Heevenorganizedafter－school‘Edutainment’activities”可知，迪塞尔组织课外“寓教于乐”活动的目的是激发学生的好奇心。]12．A.skills B．ambitionsC．bets D．efforts答案D[skill“技巧”；ambition“雄心”；bet“打赌”；effort“努力”。根据andextended(延伸)beyondhistinyvillage可知，迪塞尔的努力得到了回报。]13．A.required B．forcedC．achieved D．supported答案C[require“要求”；force“强迫”；achieve“获得，达到”；support“支持”。此处与上文“What’sworse，thevillagers________education,especiallyforgirls.”形成了对比，表示“现在的女生出勤率达到了100%”。]14．A.courage B．peaceC．truth D．mercy答案B[courage“勇气”；peace“和平”；truth“事实”；mercy“宽恕”。根据空后的betweenyoungpeopleinconflictzones可知，空处与conflict相对应，所以此处表示“迪塞尔的‘让我们跨越边界’项目旨在在冲突地区的年轻人之间建立和平。”]15．A.surprising B．legalC．interesting D．natural答案D[根据常识及Givenhiscommitment可知，迪塞尔获奖是很自然的。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·潍坊市高三联考)ThereareplacesonEarththat1.____________(puzzle)scientistsinthepastcenturiesandhavebeenthesubjectofmuchdiscussionaroundtheworld.TwoofthemostfascinatingplacesareEasterIslandandStonehenge.LyingintheSouthPacific，EasterIslandisoneofthemostisolatedplacesonEarthandisfamousforthelargestonemonoliths(独块巨石)thatlineitscoast.Shapedlikehumanheads，thesestructures，2.____________werecarvedbyancientpeople，rangein3.____________(high)fromabout5to22meters.Today，about600stonesremain.OntheoppositesideoftheworldstandsStonehenge.ThisancientEnglishsiteisacollectionoflargestonesarranged4.____________twocircles，oneinsidetheother.Althoughonlyruinsoftheoriginalformationexisttoday，archaeologistsbelievethattheinnercircleofbluestones，each5.____________(weigh)about4tons，wasbuiltfirst.Thegiantstonesthatformtheoutercircle，6.____________(know)assarsen(砂岩漂砾)stones，eachweighasmuchas50tons!Scientists7.____________(current)believethatearlyPolynesianresidentscarved8.____________island’smonoliths—believedtobesomesymbols—fromvolcanicrock，andthenpulledthemtotheirdifferent9.____________(location)．AndtheenormousstonesatStonehenge10.____________(transport)fromplacesaroundthecountry.Scientistsconsiderthisaremarkableachievement，forheavyliftingequipmentusedinmodernconstructionwasnotavailableatthattime.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。地球上仍有许多科学家未解之谜，而对于复活岛和史前巨石柱而言，在没有大型起重搬运设备的时期，如何搬运巨石是科学家的疑问。1．havepuzzled/havebeenpuzzling[考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在定语从句中作谓语，句中有inthepastcenturies，因此应该使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。因先行词places为复数，故助动词用have。]2．which[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为thesestructures，且空处在从句中作主语，因此使用which。]3．height[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词in的宾语，因此应该使用名词形式。]4．in[考查介词。bearrangedintwocircles意为“被安排成两个圈”，in在此处用来显示某物的形式、形状。]5．weighing[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中有完整的句子成分，故空处考查非谓语动词结构，each是weigh动作的发出者，因此应该使用weighing，构成独立主格结构。]6．known[考查非谓语动词。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处考查过去分词作theoutercircle的后置定语，表示“被称作”。]7．currently[考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，应用副词，因此填currently。]8．the[考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示特指，theisland指代上文提及的EasterIsland。]9．locations[考查名词的数。空处被形容词different修饰，因此空处使用名词复数形式。]10．weretransported[考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应该填谓语，且与主语stones为被动关系，整句叙述的是过去发生的事件，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态。又因主语stones为复数，故填weretransported。]运用练四Ⅰ.完形填空Overahundredyearsago，inaScottishseasideinn，agroupoffishermenwererelaxingafteralongdayatsea.Asaservingmaidwaswalking__1__thefishermen’stablewithapotoftea，oneofthemenmadeasweeping__2__todescribethesizeofthefishhehadcaught.Hishandhadacollisionwiththeteapotandsentit__3__againstthewhitewashedwall，whereitscontentslefta(n)__4__brownspot.Standingnearby，theinnkeepersurveyedthedamage.“Thatstain(污点)willnevercomeoff，”hesaidindiscomfort.“Thewholewallwillhavetoberepainted.”“Perhapsnot.”Alleyes__5__thestrangerwhohadjustspoken.“Whatdoyoumean？”askedtheinnkeeper.“Letmeworkwiththe__6__，”saidthestranger，standingupfromhistableinthecorner.“Ifmywork__7__yourapproval，youdon’tneedtorepaintthewall.”Thestrangerpickedupaboxandwenttothewall.Openingthebox，hewithdrewpencils，__8__，andvariouscolours.Hebegantodrawlinesaroundthestainandfilleditinhereandtherewithdifferentcolours.__9__apicturebegantoappear.Thestainofteahadbeenturnedintothepictureofadeerwithamagnificentpairofantlers.Atthebottomofthepicture，theman__10__hisname.Thenhepaidforhis__11__andleft.Theinnkeeperwas__12__whenheexaminedthewall.“Doyouknowwhothatmanwas？”hesaidinamazement.“Thesignaturereads‘E.H.Landseer！’”Indeed，theyhadbeenvisitedbythe__13__painterofwildlife，SirEdwinLandseer.Godwantstotakethestainsanddisappointmentsofourlifesodonot__14__erasethem，butratherturnthemintoathingof__15__．【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章叙述了一个海滨小酒馆内发生的故事。渔民失手打碎了侍者的茶壶，在墙壁上留下了污渍，画家现身作画，化腐朽为神奇。1．A.on B．pastC．over D．through答案B[根据情景推断，服务员应该是从餐桌旁经过。past是介词，意为“经过”。]2．A.movement B．signalC．gesture D．fly答案C[说话者当时挥舞着手，通过手势(gesture)描述他捕捞到的鱼的大小。]3．A.crashing B．slidingC．flowing D．running答案A[此时的茶壶经过碰撞以后已经脱手，因此是猛撞(crash)。]4．A.regular B．irregularC．beautiful D．popular答案B[由情景推断，茶渍在墙上留下的应该是不规则的(irregular)污点。]5．A.fellonto B．glaredatC．turnedto D．lookedupon答案C[在大家都为此感到束手无策的时候，传来这样的声音，当然引起了大家的注意，目光一齐转向(turnto)说话的陌生人。]6．A.stain B．teapotC．picture D．paint答案A[根据后文可知，这个陌生人要处理墙上这个污点(stain)。]7．A.permits B．supportsC．meets D．needs答案C[假如我的工作得到你的赞成，你就不用再刷墙了。meetone’sapproval得到某人的批准/赞成。]8．A.papers B．brushesC．knives D．boards答案B[根据其职业特点和后来所做的事情可推断，刷子(brush)应该是其必不可少的用具。]9．A.However B．ThereforeC．Soon D．Meanwhile答案C[很显然，画家一动手，不久(soon)图画就出现了。]10．A.stressed B．signedC．drew D．covered答案B[画家的职业习惯，作完画以后要署名(sign)。后面出现的signature是空格所填词的同义复现。]11．A.meal B．damageC．fish D．work答案A[他在饭店用完餐，付的肯定是饭费。其余选项不符合逻辑，也不符合当时的事实。]12．A.puzzled B．worriedC．astonished D．embarrassed答案C[从后文可知，酒店老板听说过这位著名画家，因此感到惊讶。其中inamazement是空格所填词的同义复现。]13．A.well－known B．unknownC．common D．special答案A[由文章可知，那个陌生人是著名的(well－known)野生动物画家。]14．A.hardly B．merelyC．deliberately D．rarely答案B[对于人们生活中的污点和失望上帝接受了，因此不要只是把它们擦掉，而是要将它们变成美好的东西。根据句意，故选B项。]15．A.honesty B．kindnessC．beauty D．art答案C[参见上题解析。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·南昌市二模)Therearemanyreasons1.____________collegeanduniversitystudentsoftenfail2.____________(get)fullnightsofsleep.ManyAmericanstudentsareawayfromtheirparentsforthefirsttimewhentheyattendcollege.Theymightnotbeusedtohavingtotal3.____________(free)inhowtheyplantheirdaysandnights.Parties,latenightstudymeetings,orjusttimespentrelaxingwithfriends—theseareallthingsthatcutintocollegestudents’sleephabits.Afewyearsago,MichaelScullinbeganteaching4.____________scienceofsleeptopsychologystudentsatBaylorUniversityinWaco,Texas.ScullinisanassistantprofessoratBaylorandthedirectorofitsSleepNeuroscienceandCognitionLaboratory.Hesayshisstudentsseemedtoenjoytheclassandwereinterestedinthematerialhewasteaching.Theclass5.____________(center)roundwhythebodyneedstosleepandthephysicalandmentalhealthproblems6.____________(cause)byalackofsleep.Thisincludesdifficultyfocusingonstudiesor7.____________(control)one’sattentions，andincreasedriskofmanydiseases.TheUnitedStatesCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionstatesthatadultsneedatleastsevenhoursofsleepanighttostay8.____________(health)．Scullinfoundstudentswhosleptmoreperformed9.____________(well)intwodifferentclasses，10.____________hepublishedhisfindingsintwoacademicpublicationslastNovember.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了大学生睡眠不足的原因，以及美国教师的研究发现：睡眠多的学生课堂表现更好。1．why[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格后是定语从句，先行词是reasons，故填关系副词why。]2．toget[考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处表示“不能睡好觉”，使用的是failtodo(未能做……)这一用法。]3．freedom[考查词性转换。由空格前havingtotal可知空格处应填名词freedom。]4．the[考查冠词。由句意可知，空格处特指“睡眠科学”，故填定冠词the。]5．centered[考查时态。由前一句时态可知，此处应使用一般过去时，介绍做过的实验所关注的内容。]6．caused[考查非谓语动词。由句意和句子结构可知，空格后应填过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词problems。]7．controlling[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填controlling，与空格前focusingonstudies保持一致。另外，空格前连词or也是解题信息。]8．healthy[考查词性转换。由句意可知，空格处表示“保持健康”，故填形容词healthy。]9．better[考查比较等级。由句意可知，本句暗含比较意义，即睡眠多的学生表现更好，故填better。]10．and[考查并列连词。由句意可知“Scullin发现睡眠多的学生表现更好”和“他在两份学术刊物上发表了自己的发现”是并列关系，故填并列连词and。]运用练五Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·潍坊市高三模拟)TrentJohnsonjustcelebratedhisgraduationfrommedicalschoolinOhiowithaceremonyathisparents’homeinFlorida.He__1__acoupleweeksbeforehisactualceremonythatthecollegewascancelingitonaccountofthedeadlycoronavirus.Hewasabsolutely__2__．Hisfriends__3__him(to)createawebsitesothatallofhisfamilyflyingintoColumbusoriginallystillcouldcelebrate__4__．Theymadethelivingroomlookasspecialaspossiblegiventhe__5__oftheceremony.There’snothingthatcouldhavesubstitutedthatspecial__6__．Histwitterwherethevideoimmediatelywent__7__hasalmosthalfamillionviews.Hewasonthenewsandwas__8__inNewYorkTimes.“Irememberseeingmyfaceonthenewspaperandthinking‘wow,Inotonlybecameadoctor,butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworldto__9__theirdreams.’Thatwastrulya(n)__10__moment”．Johnsonwasbroughtupinanunderdevelopedareawherepeoplewouldhave__11__socioeconomicclassanditwasthetypeofthecommunitythathewantedto__12__．Nowasa__13__atJohnsHopkinsHospitalinBaltimore,he__14__hasanopportunitytodothat.AsJohnsonsettlesintohisnewsurroundings,hewillcontinuetospreadhismessageofhopeand__15__．【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。主人公约翰逊在朋友们的帮助下，和家人在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼。这段视频在他的Twitter上迅速走红，有近50万的浏览量。约翰逊如今是一名医生，他表示自己将继续传播希望和鼓舞人心。1．A.recognized B．learnedC．anticipated D．recalled答案B[根据下文的thecollegewascancelingitonaccountofthedeadlycoronavirus可知，此处是指约翰逊在几个星期前得知了典礼取消的消息。learn意为“得知”，符合语境。]2．A.sorrowful B．pitifulC．awkward D．guilty答案A[结合常识可知，对约翰逊来说，像毕业典礼这么重要的活动被取消，他肯定是十分伤心的。sorrowful意为“悲伤的”，符合语境。]3．A.permitted B．beggedC．appointed D．helped答案D[根据下文可知，约翰逊在网上庆祝了自己的毕业典礼。由此推测，此处是指朋友们帮助约翰逊创建了一家网站。helpsb(to)dosth意为“帮助某人做某事”。]4．A.consistently B．virtuallyC．casually D．formally答案B[根据上文的himtocreateawebsite可知，此处是指虚拟地庆祝。virtually意为“虚拟地”。]5．A.standard B．originC．popularity D．atmosphere答案D[根据语境及“Theymadethelivingroomlookasspecialaspossiblegiventhe________oftheceremony.”可知，为了营造毕业典礼的氛围，他们使客厅看起来尽可能特别。atmosphere意为“氛围”，符合语境。]6．A.memory B．optionC．moment D．design答案C[结合上文可知，他们在网上庆祝毕业典礼，所以此处是指庆祝典礼那个特殊的时刻。下文的“Thatwastrulya(n)________moment.”也是提示。]7．A.viral B．madC．wild D．blank答案A[根据下文hasalmosthalfamillionviews可知，约翰逊在网上庆祝毕业典礼的视频有近50万的浏览量，所以此处是指视频在网上迅速传播开来。goviral意为“走红；迅速传播”。]8．A.evaluated B．featuredC．engaged D．promoted答案B[“Hewasonthenewsandwas________inNewYorkTimes.”可知，此处是指约翰逊被《纽约时报》重点报道。feature在此处意为“重点报道；特别报道”。]9．A.change B．startC．sacrifice D．follow答案D[根据空前的motivated及语境可知，此处是指约翰逊激励了全世界的人去追随他们的梦想。followone’sdream意为“追随某人的梦想”。]10．A.scary B．awfulC．incredible D．specific答案C[结合上文内容“thinking‘wow，Inotonlybecameadoctor,butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworld...’”可知，约翰逊想到自己不仅成了一名医生，还激励了别人，对此感到不可思议。incredible意为“不可思议的”。]11．A.low B．powerfulC．rare D．noble答案A[根据上文约翰逊wasbroughtupinanunderdevelopedarea可推知，欠发达地区的人们社会经济地位低下。]12．A.heal B．escapeC．reform D．serve答案D[结合上文itwasthetypeofthecommunitythathewantedto以及后文提到的“约翰逊作为医生有机会帮助他人”可推知，他渴望为那些欠发达地区的社区服务。serve意为“服务”。]13．A.pioneer B．chemistC．physician D．professor答案C[根据上文的Inotonlybecameadoctor可知，约翰逊如今是一名医生。physician意为“医生”。]14．A.seldom B．justC．still D．yet答案B[结合上文可知，约翰逊希望为欠发达地区的社区服务。而如今他成了医生，这刚好是一个为他人服务的机会。just意为“正好，恰好”。]15．A.admiration B．innovationC．cooperation D．inspiration答案D[根据上文的butImotivatedpeopleallovertheworldto________theirdreams和hewillcontinuetospreadhismessageofhopeand可知，约翰逊希望传播希望和鼓舞人心。]Ⅱ.语法填空(2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一)Singapore’straditionofeatingoutinplacescalledhawker(小贩)centersisnow1.____________(recognize)bytheUnitedNationsforitscultural2.____________(important)．Ahawkerisaperson3.____________sellsfoodorgoodsandadvertisesbyshoutingatpeoplewalkingbyonthestreet.HawkersareanimportantpartofSingaporeanculture.Open－aireatingareaswherehawkerssell4.____________(they)goodsareverypopular.OnWednesday，theUnitedNations’culturalagency，UNESCO，addedthecity’s“hawkerculture”toitsRepresentativeLi