非谓语作状语课件

XuanchengNo.2HighSchool

CatherineXuanchengNo.2HighSchool非动词ing形式-ingform不定式infinitive过去分词pastparticiple非动词ing形式不定式过去分词主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主表宾宾补定状不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√动词ing形式do-ing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone√√√√√√

过去分词

done

×

√

×√√√非谓语动词功能用法一览表

主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主表宾GrammarNon-finiteVerbsUsedasAdverbialGrammarUsedasAdverbial

动词不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等

动词不定式作状语不定式作状语

1.Peoplealsotraveltomeetnewfriends,to

trynewkindsoffood,toexperiencelifeinotherplacesorsimplytogetawayfromcoldweather.

2.为了谋生，她不得不从早工作到晚．有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo结构(soastodo不可以置于句首)。

目的状语Tomakealiving,shehastoworkfrommorningtillnight.3.Inordertogetmarried,Ineedajob,andinordertogetajob,IneedaPHD.4.I’llwritedownthissoasnottoforgetit.我要把这个记下来以防忘记Tip1:动词不定式作状语时soas(not)to不可前置！1.Peoplealsotraveltomeeeg：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他匆忙赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)

记者们匆忙赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了.

用动词不定式多用来表示意想不到的结果(unexpected）不定式表示结果还常见于下列句型：

1)

onlytodo2)

such...astodo3)

so...astodo

4)

enoughtodo5)

too...todo结果状语eg：HehurriedtothestationoYouaresilly____yourcar.A.nothavinglocked

B.notlocking

C.nottohavelocked

D.nottolock.

此句中，不定式结构用于解释“我”责怪“你”silly的原因．未锁车的动作发生在过去，所以用到了不定式的完成式．原因状语Youaresilly____yourcar.

动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式都可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,并且能够转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。

Iwasill,soIdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill,Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Theteacherstoodthere,andhewassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents,

动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语

1.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,____meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(2006安徽卷)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobrightD.hadbrought

2.____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.TobeblamedKey:Bblame的用法常见于两种形式：sbbeblamed/sb.betoblame.Alice受了批评，所以情绪低落．而betoblame表示某人该受批评，用主动不用被动．Key:B.考察V-ing作伴随状语，bringing和mycousin之间是主动关系1.Mycousincametoseemef表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。XiangYufangisoneofthosewhohavereturnedtoChinaafterstudyingandworkingabroad.

2.Seenfromthetop,itlooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.

=aftertheyhavestudiedandworkedabroad=Whenitisseenfromthetop….动词-ing形式动词-ed形式表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。XiangYufan

1.

Havingbeen

totheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次了，所以上周他就没去.

2.

Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。

动词-ing形式动词-ed形式=Because/Ashehadbeento…=Becausewewereexcitedby...表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。1.HavingbeentotheGreatIdroppedthevaseontheground,breakingitintopieces.Idroppedthevaseontheground,onlytohurtoneofmyfeet.Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotofheatwithoutbigchangesintemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment.表示自然而然的结果，相当于一个结果状语从句。(natural)

DoyourememberInfinitiveusage2?…soitcreatesastableenvironment.

动词-ing形式Tip2:过去分词不可作结果状语！Idroppedthevaseonthegrou

1.

Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

2.

Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.如果加热，水就能变成蒸汽。

动词-ing形式动词-ed形式=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...=Ifitisheated...作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句1.Workinghardatyourlesso1.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

=Althoughtheyknewallthis...=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople...表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。动词-ing形式动词-ed形式1.Knowingallthis,theymadHelayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

2.Hewentintotheoffice,followedby

somechildren.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren动词-ing形式动词-ed形式Tip3:动词-ing和-ed形式作状语时，首先要考虑其动词与主句主语之间的主动和被动关系，主动用V-ing，被动用V-ed。Tip4：如果句子的意义强调此动词先于主句谓语动作之前发生，则考虑用到各自的完成式。Helayonthegrass,staringaeg:Judgingbywhateveryonesaysabouthim,I’dliketosayhehasagoodchanceofwinning.从每个人所说的判断，我想说他有很大的机会赢。固定结构的考查.

高中阶段，有一些固定的非谓语形式短语,它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词短语可当作一个插入语看待。

considering,supposing,judgingfrom/by,generallyspeaking,owingto...

eg:Judgingbywhatevery有些过去分词，它们已经转化为形容词,表示状态.常见的有devoted/dressed/determined/facedwith/lost/provided/seated等还有些不定式短语也已经成为固定形:totellyouthetruth,tobefrank，tobehonest,tomakemattersworse…Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(NEMT2005湖南卷)

eg:Seatedatthetable,Iwaswaitingfordinner.Tobefrank,Iamreallyhappytobewithyou!有些过去分词，它们已经转化为形容词,表示状态.常见的有devExercise:1.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou,”or”It’skindofyou”.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered

2.Weoftenprovidedourchildrenwithtoys,footballorbasketball,____thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(NEMT2006全国卷II)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtExercise:1.When____help,on

3.____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(NEMT2006四川卷)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.To

face4.____automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyallthemembers.(NEMT2006上海卷)A.MailedoutB.MailingoutC.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout

5.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005全国卷I)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.____withsomuchtrouble,

7.____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NothavingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Notbeingmade

6.----Cantheprojectbefinishedasplaned?----Sure,____itcompletedintime,we’llworktwomorehoursaday.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.havinggotB.togetC.gettingD.get

8.____togiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.A.DeterminingB.DeterminedC.HavedeterminedD.todetermined

7.____fullpreparations,weThankyouforlistening!Thankyouforlistening!Couldyoumakeasentence

usingthisform?不定式作原因状语常用于It’s+adj.+of+sb.todosth.结构或sb.+be+adj.+todosth.在这些结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,good,unwise,clever,wrong,right,bad,

foolish,stupid,careless,impolite,honest,sensible,naughty,rude,

Couldyoumakeasentence

usi1.Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbus.2.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish____________contactforeignersfreely.3.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.

soastoinordertoTosave1.Hegotupearlysothathec1._____(see)thosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.2.Once_____(arm),weareafraidofnothing.3._____(water)thevegetables,theybegantopicktheapples.4.Warmly_____(praise)forhiswork,hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.5._____(inspire)byDr.Chen’sspeech,theydecidedtostudymathsharder.6.___________(separate)fromothercountriesformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.(NEMT2005湖北)

SeeingarmedHavingwateredpraisedInspiredHavingbeenseparated1._____(see)thosepictures,XuanchengNo.2HighSchool

CatherineXuanchengNo.2HighSchool非动词ing形式-ingform不定式infinitive过去分词pastparticiple非动词ing形式不定式过去分词主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主表宾宾补定状不定式todotobedoingtohavedonetobedonetohavebeendone√√√√√√动词ing形式do-ing

havingdonebeingdoneHavingbeendone√√√√√√

过去分词

done

×

√

×√√√非谓语动词功能用法一览表

主动语态被动语态句法功能一般式进行式完成式一般式完成式主表宾GrammarNon-finiteVerbsUsedasAdverbialGrammarUsedasAdverbial

动词不定式作状语不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因等

动词不定式作状语不定式作状语

1.Peoplealsotraveltomeetnewfriends,to

trynewkindsoffood,toexperiencelifeinotherplacesorsimplytogetawayfromcoldweather.

2.为了谋生，她不得不从早工作到晚．有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo,和soas(not)todo结构(soastodo不可以置于句首)。

目的状语Tomakealiving,shehastoworkfrommorningtillnight.3.Inordertogetmarried,Ineedajob,andinordertogetajob,IneedaPHD.4.I’llwritedownthissoasnottoforgetit.我要把这个记下来以防忘记Tip1:动词不定式作状语时soas(not)to不可前置！1.Peoplealsotraveltomeeeg：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.他匆忙赶到车站，发现火车已经开走了。Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft.(2004福建)

记者们匆忙赶到机场,却被告知明星们已经走了.

用动词不定式多用来表示意想不到的结果(unexpected）不定式表示结果还常见于下列句型：

1)

onlytodo2)

such...astodo3)

so...astodo

4)

enoughtodo5)

too...todo结果状语eg：HehurriedtothestationoYouaresilly____yourcar.A.nothavinglocked

B.notlocking

C.nottohavelocked

D.nottolock.

此句中，不定式结构用于解释“我”责怪“你”silly的原因．未锁车的动作发生在过去，所以用到了不定式的完成式．原因状语Youaresilly____yourcar.

动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式都可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,并且能够转化成相应的状语从句或并列句。

Iwasill,soIdidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Beingill,Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.Theteacherstoodthere,andhewassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents,

动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作状语

1.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,____meafullbasketoffreshfruits.(2006安徽卷)A.broughtB.bringingC.tobrightD.hadbrought

2.____forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(2006福建卷)A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.TobeblamedKey:Bblame的用法常见于两种形式：sbbeblamed/sb.betoblame.Alice受了批评，所以情绪低落．而betoblame表示某人该受批评，用主动不用被动．Key:B.考察V-ing作伴随状语，bringing和mycousin之间是主动关系1.Mycousincametoseemef表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。XiangYufangisoneofthosewhohavereturnedtoChinaafterstudyingandworkingabroad.

2.Seenfromthetop,itlooksjustlikeabird’snestmadeoftreebranches.

=aftertheyhavestudiedandworkedabroad=Whenitisseenfromthetop….动词-ing形式动词-ed形式表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。XiangYufan

1.

Havingbeen

totheGreatWallmanytimes,hedidn’tgolastweek.因为他已经去过长城许多次了，所以上周他就没去.

2.

Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。

动词-ing形式动词-ed形式=Because/Ashehadbeento…=Becausewewereexcitedby...表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。1.HavingbeentotheGreatIdroppedthevaseontheground,breakingitintopieces.Idroppedthevaseontheground,onlytohurtoneofmyfeet.Watercanabsorbandgiveoffalotofheatwithoutbigchangesintemperature,thuscreatingastableenvironment.表示自然而然的结果，相当于一个结果状语从句。(natural)

DoyourememberInfinitiveusage2?…soitcreatesastableenvironment.

动词-ing形式Tip2:过去分词不可作结果状语！Idroppedthevaseonthegrou

1.

Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

2.

Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.如果加热，水就能变成蒸汽。

动词-ing形式动词-ed形式=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...=Ifitisheated...作条件状语,相当于条件状语从句1.Workinghardatyourlesso1.Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisresearch.

尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

=Althoughtheyknewallthis...=Evenifhewaslaughedbymanypeople...表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。动词-ing形式动词-ed形式1.Knowingallthis,theymadHelayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

2.Hewentintotheoffice,followedby

somechildren.他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime=andhewasfollowedbysomechildren动词-ing形式动词-ed形式Tip3:动词-ing和-ed形式作状语时，首先要考虑其动词与主句主语之间的主动和被动关系，主动用V-ing，被动用V-ed。Tip4：如果句子的意义强调此动词先于主句谓语动作之前发生，则考虑用到各自的完成式。Helayonthegrass,staringaeg:Judgingbywhateveryonesaysabouthim,I’dliketosayhehasagoodchanceofwinning.从每个人所说的判断，我想说他有很大的机会赢。固定结构的考查.

高中阶段，有一些固定的非谓语形式短语,它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词短语可当作一个插入语看待。

considering,supposing,judgingfrom/by,generallyspeaking,owingto...

eg:Judgingbywhatevery有些过去分词，它们已经转化为形容词,表示状态.常见的有devoted/dressed/determined/facedwith/lost/provided/seated等还有些不定式短语也已经成为固定形:totellyouthetruth,tobefrank，tobehonest,tomakemattersworse…Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.(NEMT2005湖南卷)

eg:Seatedatthetable,Iwaswaitingfordinner.Tobefrank,Iamreallyhappytobewithyou!有些过去分词，它们已经转化为形容词,表示状态.常见的有devExercise:1.When____help,oneoftensays“Thankyou,”or”It’skindofyou”.(NEMT2005福建卷)A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered

2.Weoftenprovidedourchildrenwithtoys,footballorbasketball,____thatallchildrenlikethesethings.(NEMT2006全国卷II)A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thoughtExercise:1.When____help,on

3.____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(NEMT2006四川卷)A.FacedB.FaceC.FacingD.To

face4.____automatically,thee-mailwillbereceivedbyallthemembers.(NEMT2006上海卷)A.MailedoutB.MailingoutC.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout

5.Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.(NEMT2005全国卷I)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused3.____withsomuchtrouble,

7.____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextweek.A.NothavingmadeB.HavingnotmadeC.MakingnotD.Notbeingmade

6.----Can