外语考研真题

1994年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)TextITheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen,strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers,whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresources,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.InLine11,Paragraph1,“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes^^meansAmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesAmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesAmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased|D]AmericanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomesThefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthatproducerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproductionconsumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersproducersdecidethepricesofproductssupplyanddemandregulatepricesAccordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby.privatepropertyandrightsconcernedmanpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolownershipofproductiveresourcesfreecontractsandpricesThepassageismainlyabout.howAmericangoodsareproducedhowAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodshowAmericaneconomicsystemworkshowAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofitsText2OnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theygivetheirownersautomaticcreditinstores,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthe"cashlesssociety“isnotonthehorizon—it'salreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers,theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwhichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotionalcampaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommercialenterprises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto.withdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishesobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledoenjoygreatertrustfromthestorekeepercashmoneywhereverhewishestoFhefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcardscreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestodaynowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincashitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbeforeThephrase“ringupsales”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeansmakeanorderofgoods|B|recordsalesonacashregistercallthesalesmanagerkeeptrackofthegoodsinstockWhatisthispassagemainlyabout?Approachestothecommercialuseofcomputers.Conveniencesbroughtaboutbycomputersinbusiness.Significanceofautomationincommercialenterprises.Advantagesofcreditcardsinbusiness.Text3Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindtheftillexpressionofsociety'sunderstanding-theknowledge,hopes,andfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.Educationinanysocietyisamirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweaknesses,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.“AllmenarecreatedequaL^^We'vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry'sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren-therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot-toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprograms,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.InParagraph2,theauthorcitestheexampleoftheleadingactoronthestagetoshowthat[A]thegrowthofexceptionalchildrenhasmuchtodowiththeirfamilyandthesociety[B]exceptionalchildrenaremoreinfluencedbytheirfamiliesthannormalchildrenare[C]exceptionalchildrenarethekeyinterestofthefamilyandsociety[D]theneedsofthesocietyweighmuchheavierthantheneedsoftheexceptionalchildrenThereasonthattheexceptionalchildrenreceivesomuchconcernineducationisthattheyareexpectedtobeleadersofthesocietytheymightbecomeaburdenofthesocietytheyshouldfullydeveloptheirpotentialsdisabledchildrendeservespecialconsiderationThispassagemainlydealswith.thedifferencesofchildrenintheirlearningcapabilities[BJthedefinitionofexceptionalchildreninmodemsocietythespecialeducationalprogramsforexceptionalchildrenthenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildrenFromthispassagewelearnthattheeducationalconcernforexceptionalchildren.[A]isnowenjoyinglegalsupport|B]disagreeswiththetraditionofthecountrywasclearlystatedbythecountry'sfounderswillexertgreatinfluenceovercourtdecisionsText4“Ihavegreatconfidencethatbytheendofthedecadewe'llknowinvastdetailhowcancercellsarise,“saysmicrobiologistRobertWeinberg,anexpertoncance匚"But,"hecautions,4tsomepeoplehavetheideathatonceoneunderstandsthecauses,thecurewillrapidlyfollow.ConsiderPasteur,hediscoveredthecausesofmanykindsofinfections,butitwasfiftyorsixtyyearsbeforecureswereavailable/*Thisyear,50percentofthe910,000peoplewhosufferfromcancerwillsurviveatleastfiveyears.Intheyear2000,theNationalCancerInstituteestimates,thatfigurewillbe75percent.Forsomeskincancers,thefive-yearsurvivalrateisashighas90percent.Butothersurvivalstatisticsarestilldiscouraging-13percentforlungcancer,and2percentforcancerofthepancreas.Withasmanyas120varietiesinexistence,discoveringhowcancerworksisnoteasy.Theresearchersmadegreatprogressintheearly1970s,whentheydiscoveredthatoncogenes,whicharecancer-causinggenes,areinactiveinnormalcells.Anythingfromcosmicraystoradiationtodietmayactivateadormantoncogene,buthowremainsunknown.Ifseveraloncogenesaredrivenintoaction,thecell,unabletoturnthemoff,becomescancerous.Theexactmechanismsinvolvedarestillmysterious,butthelikelihoodthatmanycancersareinitiatedatthelevelofgenessuggeststhatwewillneverpreventallcancers."Changesareanormalpartoftheevolutionaryprocess,,,saysoncologistWilliamHayward.Environmentalfactorscanneverbetotallyeliminated;asHaywardpointsout,"Wecan'tprepareamedicineagainstcosmicrays.”Theprospectsforcure,thoughstilldistant,arebrighter.“First,weneedtounderstandhowthenormalcellcontrolsitself.Second,wehavetodeterminewhethertherearealimitednumberofgenesincellswhicharealwaysresponsibleforatleastpartofthetrouble.Ifwecanunderstandhowcancerworks,wecancounteractitsaction.^^63.TheexampleofPasteurinthepassageisusedto.predictthatthesecretofcancerwillbedisclosedinadecadeindicatethattheprospectsforcuringcancerarebrightprovethatcancerwillbecuredinfiftytosixtyyears|D]warnthatthereisstillalongwaytogobeforecancercanbeconqueredTheauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2000,.therewillbeadrasticriseinthefive-yearsurvivalrateofskin-cancerpatients90percentoftheskin-cancerpatientstodaywillstillbelivingthesurvivalstatisticswillbefairlyevenamongpatientswithvariouscancerstherewon,tbeadrasticincreaseofsurvivalrateofallcancerpatientsOncogenesarecancer-causinggenes.thatarealwaysinoperationinahealthypersonwhichremainunharmfulsolongastheyarenotactivatedthatcanbedrivenoutofnormalcellswhichnormalcellscan'tturnoffTheword“dormant“inthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.deadever-presentinactivepotentialText5Discoveriesinscienceandtechnologyarethoughtby“untaughtminds^^tocomeinblindingflashesorastheresultofdramaticaccidents.SirAlexanderFlemingdidnot,aslegendwouldhaveit,lookatthemoldonapieceofcheeseandgettheideaforpenicillinthereandthen.Heexperimentedwithantibacterialsubstancesfornineyearsbeforehemadehisdiscovery.Inventionsandinnovationsalmostalwayscomeoutoflaborioustrialanderror.Innovationislikesoccer;eventhebestplayersmissthegoalandhavetheirshotsblockedmuchmorefrequentlythantheyscore.Thepointisthattheplayerswhoscoremostaretheoneswhotakemostshotsatthegoal-andsoitgoeswithinnovationinanyfieldofactivity.Theprimedifferencebetweeninnovationandothersisoneofapproach.Everybodygetsideas,butinnovatorsworkconsciouslyontheirs,andtheyfollowthemthroughuntiltheyprovepracticableorotherwise.Whatordinarypeopleseeasfancifulabstractions,professionalinnovatorsseeassolidpossibilities.MCreativethinkingmaymeansimplytherealizationthatthere'snoparticularvirtueindoingthingsthewaytheyhavealwaysbeendoneJwroteRudolphFlesch,alanguageauthority.Thisaccountsforourreactiontoseeminglysimpleinnovationslikeplasticgarbagebagsandsuitcasesonwheelsthatmakelifemoreconvenient:"HowcomenobodythoughtofthatbeforeThecreativeapproachbeginswiththepropositionthatnothingisasitappears.Innovatorswillnotacceptthatthereisonlyonewaytodoanything.FacedwithgettingfromAtoB,theaveragepersonwillautomaticallysetoutonthebest-knownandapparentlysimplestroute.Theinnovatorwillsearchforalternatecourses,whichmayproveeasierinthelongrunandareboundtobemoreinterestingandchallengingeveniftheyleadtodeadends.Highlycreativeindividualsreallydomarchtoadifferentdrummer.Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby“untaughtmind^^inthefirstparagraph?Apersonignorantofthehardworkinvolvedinexperimentation.Acitizenofasocietythatrestrictspersonalcreativity.Apersonwhohashadnoeducation.Anindividualwhooftencomesupwithnewideasbyaccident.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesinnovatorsfromnon-innovators?Thevarietyofideastheyhave.Theintelligencetheypossess.Thewaytheydealwithproblems.Thewaytheypresenttheirfindings.TheauthorquotesRudolphFleschinParagraph3because.RudolphFleschisthebest-knownexpertinthestudyofhumancreativity[BJthequotationstrengthenstheassertionthatcreativeindividualslookfornewwaysofdoingthingsthereaderisfamiliarwithRudolphFlesch\pointofviewthequotationaddsanewideatotheinformationpreviouslypresentedThephrase“marchtoadifferentdrummer^^(thelastlineofthepassage)suggeststhathighlycreativeindividualsare.diligentinpursuingtheirgoalsreluctanttofollowcommonwaysofdoingthingsdevotedtotheprogressofscienceconcernedabouttheadvanceofsocietyEnglish-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,technologyisanoverlookedforceinexpandingthehorizonsofscientificknowledge.(71)Sciencemovesforward,theysay,notsomuchthroughtheinsightsofgreatmenofgeniusasbecauseofmoreordinarythingslikeimprovedtechniquesandtools.(72)“Inshort,Maleaderofthenewschoolcontends,**thescientificrevolution,aswecallit,waslargelytheimprovementandinventionanduseofaseriesofinstrumentsthatexpandedthereachofscienceininnumerabledirections.M(73)Overtheyears,toolsandtechnologythemselvesasasourceoffundamentalinnovationhavelargelybeenignoredbyhistoriansandphilosophersofscience.ThemodernschoolthathailstechnologyarguesthatsuchmastersasGalileo,Newton,Maxwell,Einstein,andinventorssuchasEdisonattachedgreatimportanceto,andderivedgreatbenefitfrom,craftinformationandtechnologicaldevicesofdifferentkindsthatwereusableinscientificexperiments.Thecenterpieceoftheargumentofatechnology-yes,genius-noadvocatewasananalysisofGalileo'sroleatthestartofthescientificrevolution.ThewisdomofthedaywasderivedfromPtolemy,anastronomerofthesecondcentury,whoseelaboratesystemoftheskyputEarthatthecenterofallheavenlymotions.(74)Galileo'sgreatestglorywasthatin1609hewasthefirstpersontoturnthenewlyinventedtelescopeontheheavenstoprovethattheplanetsrevolvearoundthesunratherthanaroundtheEarth.Buttherealheroofthestory,accordingtothenewschoolofscientists,wasthelongevolutionintheimprovementofmachineryformakingeyeglasses.Federalpolicyisnecessarilyinvolvedinthetechnologyvs.geniusdispute.(75)WhethertheGovernmentshouldincreasethefinancingofpurescienceattheexpenseoftechnologyorviceversaoftendependsontheissueofwhichisseenasthedrivingforce.WritingDIRECTIONS:Title:ONMAKINGFRIENDSTIMELIMIT:40minutesWordlimit:120-150words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)YourcompositionshouldbebasedontheOUTLINEbelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:44Asahumanbeing,onecanhardlydowithoutafriend.^^YourcompositionmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:TheneedforfriendsTruefriendshipMyprincipleinmakingfriends1994年参考答案ReadingComprehension(40points)TOC\o"1-5"\h\z[D] 52. [D] 53. [A] 54. [C] 55. [B][C] 57. [B] 58. [B] 59. [A] 60. [C][D] 62. [A] 63. [D] 64. [D] 65. [B][C] 67. [A] 68. [C] 69. [B] 70. [B]English-ChineseTranslation(15points).他们(新学派科学家们)说，科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知灼识，不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等等更为普通的东西。.新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说：“简而言之，我们所称谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。”.工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。.伽里略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准天空，以证实行星是围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球。.政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。Writing(15points)76.参考范文(略)1995年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionII:CloseTestForeachnumberedblankinfollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep._41_kindofsleepisatallwellunderstood,butREMsleepis_42—toservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmore_43—.Thenewexperiments,suchasthese_44forthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanations_45_ofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleep_46_is100percentfataltorats,yet,_47_examinationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnow—48—themysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Therats_49—bacterialinfectionsoftheblood,-50_theirimmunesystems—theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease-hadcrashed.[A]EitherNeitherEachAny[A]intendedrequiredassumedinferred[A]subtleobviousmysteriousdoubtful[A]maintaineddescribedsettledafforded|A|inthelightbyvirtuewiththeexceptionforthepurpose[A]reductiondestructiondeprivationrestriction[A]upon[B]by[C|through|D]with[A]paidattentiontocaughtsightoflaidemphasisoncastlighton|A|developproducestimulateinduce[A]ifasifonlyififonlySectionIII:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)Text1MoneyspentonadvertisingismoneyspentaswellasanyIknowof.Itservesdirectlytoassistarapiddistributionofgoodsatreasonableprice,therebyestablishingafirmhomemarketandsomakingitpossibletoprovideforexportatcompetitiveprices.Bydrawingattentiontonewideasithelpsenormouslytoraisestandardsofliving.Byhelpingtoincreasedemanditensuresanincreasedneedforlabour,andisthereforeaneffectivewaytofightunemployment.Itlowersthecostsofmanyservices:withoutadvertisementsyourdailynewspaperwouldcostfourtimesasmuch,thepriceofyourtelevisionlicensewouldneedtobedoubled,andtravelbybusortubewouldcost20percentmore.Andperhapsmostimportantofall,advertisingprovidesaguaranteeofreasonablevalueintheproductsandservicesyoubuy.Apartfromthefactthattwenty-sevenactsofParliamentgovernthetermsofadvertising,noregularadvertiserdarepromoteaproductthatfailstoliveuptothepromiseofhisadvertisements.Hemightfoolsomepeopleforalittlewhilethroughmisleadingadvertising.Hewillnotdosoforlong,formercifullythepublichasthegoodsensenottobuytheinferiorarticlemorethanonce.Ifyouseeanarticleconsistentlyadvertised,itisthesurestproofIknowthatthearticledoeswhatisclaimedforit,andthatitrepresentsgoodvalue.AdvertisingdoesmoreforthematerialbenefitofthecommunitythananyotherforceIcanthinkof.ThereisonemorepointIfeelIoughttotouchon.RecentlyIheardawell-knowntelevisionpersonalitydeclarethathewasagainstadvertisingbecauseitpersuadesratherthaninforms.Hewasdrawingexcessivelyfinedistinctions.Ofcourseadvertisingseekstopersuade.Ifitsmessagewereconfinedmerelytoinformation-andthatinitselfwouldbedifficultifnotimpossibletoachieve,forevenadetailsuchasthechoiceofthecolourofashirtissubtlypersuasive—advertisingwouldbesoboringthatnoonewouldpayanyattention.Butperhapsthatiswhatthewell-knowntelevisionpersonalitywants.Bythefirstsentenceofthepassagetheauthormeansthat.heisfairlyfamiliarwiththecostofadvertisingeverybodyknowswellthatadvertisingismoneyconsumingadvertisingcostsmoneylikeeverythingelseitisworthwhiletospendmoneyonadvertisingInthepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTincludedintheadvantagesofadvertising?[A]Securinggreaterfame.Enhancinglivingstandards.[B]Providingmorejobs.Reducingnewspapercost.Theauthordeemsthatthewell-knownTVpersonalityis.verypreciseinpassinghisjudgmentonadvertisinginterestedinnothingbutthebuyers*attentioncorrectintellingthedifferencebetweenpersuasionandinformationobviouslypartialinhisviewsonadvertisingIntheauthor'sopinion,.advertisingcanseldombringmaterialbenefittomanbyprovidinginformationadvertisinginformspeopleofnewideasratherthanwinsthemoverthereisnothingwrongwithadvertisinginpersuadingthebuyer|D]thebuyerisnotinterestedingettinginformationfromanadvertisementText2Therearetwobasicwaystoseegrowth:oneasaproduct,theotherasaprocess.Peoplehavegenerallyviewedpersonalgrowthasanexternalresultorproductthatcaneasilybeidentifiedandmeasured.Theworkerwhogetsapromotion,thestudentwhosegradesimprove,theforeignerwholearnsanewlanguage-alltheseareexamplesofpeoplewhohavemeasurableresultstoshowfortheirefforts.Bycontrast,theprocessofpersonalgrowthismuchmoredifficulttodetermine,sincebydefinitionitisajourneyandnotthespecificsignpostsorlandmarksalongtheway.Theprocessisnottheroaditself,butrathertheattitudesandfeelingspeoplehave,theircautionorcourage,astheyencounternewexperiencesandunexpectedobstacles.Inthisprocess,thejourneyneverreallyends;therearealwaysnewwaystoexperiencetheworld,newideastotry,newchallengestoaccept.Inordertogrow,totravelnewroads,peopleneedtohaveawillingnesstotakerisks,toconfronttheunknown,andtoacceptthepossibilitythattheymay''faif'atfirst.Howweseeourselvesaswetryanewwayofbeingisessentialtoourabilitytogrow.Doweperceiveourselvesasquickandcurious?Ifso,thenwetendtotakemorechancesandtobemoreopentounfamiliarexperiences.Dowethinkwe'reshyandindecisive?Thenoursenseoftimiditycancauseustohesitate,tomoveslowly,andnottotakeastepuntilweknowthegroundissafe.Dowethinkwe'reslowtoadapttochangeorthatwe'renotsmartenoughtocopewithanewchallenge?Thenwearelikelytotakeamorepassiveroleornottryatall.Thesefeelingsofinsecurityandself-doubtarebothunavoidableandnecessaryifwearetochangeandgrow.Ifwedonotconfrontandovercometheseinternalfearsanddoubts,ifweprotectourselvestoomuch,thenweceasetogrow.Webecometrappedinsideashellofourownmaking.Apersonisgenerallybelievedtoachievepersonalgrowthwhen.hehasgivenuphissmokinghabithehasmadegreateffortsinhisworkheiskeenonleaninganythingnewhehastriedtodeterminewhereheisonhisjourneyIntheauthor'seyes,onewhoviewspersonalgrowthasaprocesswould.succeedinclimbingupthesocialladderjudgehisabilitytogrowfromhisownachievementsfacedifficultiesandtakeupchallengesaimhighandreachhisgoaleachtimeWhentheauthorsays“anewwayofbeing”(line2-3,Para.3)heisreferringto.anewapproachtoexperiencingtheworldanewmethodofperceivingourselves|B|anewwayoftakingrisksanewsystemofadaptationtochangeForpersonalgrowth,theauthoradvocatesallofthefollowingexcept.curiosityaboutmorechances[C]open-mindednesstonewexperiencespromptnessinself-adaptation|D]avoidanceofinternalfearsanddoubtsText3Insuchachanging,complexsocietyformerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecomecomplicated.Manyoflife'sproblemswhichweresolvedbyaskingfamilymembers,friendsorcolleaguesarebeyondthecapabilityoftheextendedfamilytoresolve.Wheretoturnforexpertinformationandhowtodeterminewhichexpertadvicetoacceptarequestionsfacingmanypeopletoday.Inadditiontothis,thereisthegrowingmobilityofpeoplesinceWorldWarII.Asfamiliesmoveawayfromtheirstablecommunity,theirfriendsofmanyyears,theirextendedfamilyrelationships,theinformalflowofinformationiscutoff,andwithittheconfidencethatinformationwillbeavailablewhenneededandwillbetrustworthyandreliable.Thealmostunconsciousflowofinforma