高考英语语法填空技巧与方法

高中高考英语语法填空技巧与方法高中高考英语语法填空技巧与方法高中高考英语语法填空技巧与方法高考英语语法填空技巧与方法一、学前热身ThewomanoftencalledtheFirstLadyofNewYorkdiedonAugust.BrookeAstorwasonehundredandfiveyearsold.TheextremelywealthyandfamousNewYorkerspentmuchofherlife__1__(help)theneedyinherbelovedcity.ShewasborninPortsmouth,NewHampshire.Shewastheonlychildofahighlevelmilitaryofficer.Aftertwoearlier__2__(marry)，shemarriedVincentAstorin1953again.Hecamefromafamily__3__hadbeenrichforleastonhundredyears.Amongotherthings,heownedmanybuildingsinNewYorkCity.BrookeAstorbecameoneofthe__4__(rich)womenintheworldwhenVincentAstordied.Shealsobecameheadofahugecharityorganization__5__(found)byherhusband.Herepeatedlyhadtoldhershewouldhavefungiving__6__hismoney.Andapparentlyshedid.MissusAstorgavetensofmillionsofdollars__7__(main)toplacesandpeopleinNewYorkCity.Shesaiditwasthesensiblechoicebecausethatwas__8__themoneyhadbeenmade.Shegavefinancialsupporttothecity’sculturalcenters，itspooranddisabledas__9__astomanyothersmallercharities.Whenshedied,themayorofNewYorksaidthecitywouldnotbewhatitistoday__10__hersupport.二、题型介绍短文本源：都来自网上。短文长度：170-200词。短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。短文题材：或表现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。考点设置：①纯空格题：设6-7个小题。②用括号中所给词填空：设3-4个小题。答案特点：①纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定死了“在空格处填入一个合适的词”，即一个小题也许一个空格只能填一个单词。两年高考题的答案印证了这一点。②用括号中所给词填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的正确形式终归由几个单词组成？两年高考题的答案填一个或两个单词。③所填词(答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词。④两年都有所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。三、解题高招（一）通读全文，掌握马虎。既然是经过语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速阅读短文，掌握全文马虎，这一步特别重要。（二）结合语境，试填空格。懂短文此后，要合短文所供应的特定的言境，从句子构的完满性去解析思虑空格所缺的性，再依照句子的构和意，以及句子之的关系来确定详尽要填的和所的正确形式。详尽来，可按型分三情况：1、空格的解技巧。第一，解析句子构，确定填哪。尔后，再依照句子的意思，确定详尽填什么；或依照两句的关系确定详尽用哪个。确定填哪有以下7个技巧：技巧[例

1：缺主或，必然是填代或名(多考代)。如：1]IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and___38___getstherealmostinasecond.(2007

年茂名一模

)技巧2：名前面，若没有限制(冠、形容性物主代、不定代)，很可能是填限制。如：[例2]Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp___33___ricecropgrowupquickly.(2008年广高考)3]⋯theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto___35___smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.(2007年广高考)技巧3：句子不缺主、表、后不缺的情况下，名或代前面，必然是填介。[例4]⋯whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme___33___aguestintheirhouse.(2007年广高考）技巧4：若两个或几个或短之没有，可能是填。[例5]⋯twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso___34___CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.[例6]⋯allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme___36___almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.(2008年深圳一模)技巧5：若两句(一个主关系算一个句子)之没有，也没有分号或句号，必然是填并列或隶属。[例7]Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays___32___IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.(2008年广州一模)[例8]Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,___37___hefeltveryhappy⋯(2008年广高考)技巧6：若构完满，空格后的是原形，特是与上下文不一致或主不一致，很可能是填情或表示或倒装的助(do,does,did等)。[例9]Whatisacceptableinonecountry___31___beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.10]Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe______bringhomearegularsalary.技巧7：由特其他句式构来判断空格填的。(1)由itis⋯that⋯构形式，判断填it是that。如：[例11]⋯and___40___wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精)!(2)由倒装句式判断，是填组成倒装的条件的only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not,until,had等，是填do,does,did等。如：[例12]______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.(3)由it作形式主或形式的句式判断，空格可否填it。如：[例13]⋯as___32___tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists⋯(2008年佛山二模)[例14]Datingsitesalsomake___36___easytoavoidsomeonewhomyouarenotinterestedin.(2008年惠州二模)(4)so/such⋯that⋯句型。如：[例15]Thismadethegoatsojealous___34___itbeganplottingagainst(划付)thedonkey.(2007年惠州二模)(5)more⋯than⋯(与其⋯⋯不如⋯⋯，比⋯⋯更⋯⋯)句型。如：[例16]Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares___40___howmuchhepays.(2007深圳宝安期末）2、出了的的解技巧第一，判断要填的是是非。尔后按以下两点行思虑。技巧8：若句中没有的，也许然已有，但需填的与之是并列关系，所就是；若是，就要考。[例17]Hisfearoffailure___36___(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedwithjoyousabandon.(2008年深圳一模)[例18]ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherInvitation,___40___(close)mybookandwalkedaway.(2008年广州一模)[例19]InLogan,threepeople___38___(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.(2007梅州二模)技巧9：若句中已有，又不是并列，所就是非。若是非就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：(1)作主或，平时用—ing形式表示或一般情况，用不定式表示详尽的情况。如：[例20]⋯butitisnotenoughonly___35___(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.(2007年佛山一模)[例21]______(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary⋯作目的状也许在形容后的作状，一般用不定式。如：[例22]_______(complete)theprojectasplanned,weaday.[例23]Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,likely___33___(succeed).(2008年佛山一模)

’llhavetoworktwomorehourswhoaresmartandstrong-willed,arevery作陪同状，常用分，与主是主关系，用在分，是被关系，用去分。如：[(2008

例24]Hesawthe年莞一模)

stone,

___37___(say)

to

himself:

“Thenight

will

beverydark.

”[例25]Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.(4)不非在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分，与主是主关系用—ing形式，是被关系用—ed形式。如：[例26]Therewillbeameeting,___40___(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.(2008年广州二模)[例27]Lessons___39___(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.(广考明)3、的解技巧依照在句子所作句子成分确定用哪一种形式。详尽方法有：技巧10：作表、定或，平时用形容形式。如：[例28]Theyoungsterimmediatelyfelt________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.[例29]Ina________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto⋯[例30]Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject技巧11：作主、在及物或介后作，用名形式。如：[例31]WhenChina’sancientscientificandtechnological________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.[例32]Thesepeoplehavemadegreat___39___(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.(2007年茂名二模)[例33]⋯instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith___32___(inform)inthereading⋯(2008年三校考)技巧12：在形容性物主代后，也许在“冠(+形容)”后，用名形式。如：[例34]⋯theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir___38___(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.(2008年广州二模)[例35]Withthelargenumbersofstudents,the________(operate)ofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.技巧13：修、形容、副，或整个句子，作状，用副形式。如：[例36]AsIlooked___32___(close)atthisgirl,Ifountthat⋯(2008年深圳一模)[例

37]Theremustbesomething___40___(serious)wrongwithoursociety.(2008

潮州期末)[例38]Singlesareflocking(lifestylesleavethemlittletime

涌向

)totheInternet___33___(main)becausetheirbusy⋯(2008年惠州三模)技巧

14：括号中所有可能是要求，不用然要，主若是考拥有与根意相反的派生，需依照句子意思及前后关系，

在根前加

un—,im—等，在根后加—

less等。如：[例39]Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis________(use).[例40]Yourmistakecausedalotof________(necessary)workintheoffice.解析：在名前作定，仍用形容形式；但依照句意可知，是引起不用要的麻事，故填unnecessary。技巧15：括号中所也不用然是考的或非，而是考；若是形容或副，有可能是考其比等。如：[例41]⋯therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist___34___(attract)⋯(2008年广州一模)[例42]Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould⋯Hejumpedeven___36___(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.(2008年期末)[例43]Stormswhichproducedatleast13tornadoessweptalongNewMexico’sborderwithTexasonFriday,destroyinghomesandotherbuildingsandinjuringatleast16people,severalcritically,authoritiessaid.The___33___(bad)damagewasreportedinthetownsofLoganandClovis,whichareabout80milesapart,policesaid.(2007梅州二模)（三）、重全文，解决。在解程中要先易后，在大部分空格填好后，再仔商酌，也就不会再了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从至尾复一遍。高考链接阅读下面短文，依照句子结构的语法性和上下文连结的要求，在空格处填入一个合适的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。2011汕头一模）Justuptheroadfrommyhomeisafield,withtwohorsesinit.Fromadistance,eachhorselookslikeanyotherhorse.Butifyougeta___16____(close)lookyouwillnoticeoneofthemisblind.Insteadofabandoninghim,hisownerhasmadehimasafeandcomfortablebarntolivein.Andifyoustandnearbyandlisten,youwillhearthesoundofabell____17___(come)from____18____smallerhorse.Attachedto___19___(it)halterisasmall,copper-coloredbellassistingtheblindfriendtofollowhim.____20____youwatchthem,you'llfindthehorsewiththebellalwayscheckingontheblindone,andthattheblindhorsewilllistenforthebellandthenslowlywalkto____21____theotheroneis,trustinghewillnot_____22____(lead)astray.Whenthehorsewiththebellreturnstothebarneachevening,hewillstop____23____(frequent)tolookback,makingsurethatthe____24___isn'ttoofarbehindtohearthebell.Lifedoesnotthrowusawayjustbecausewearenotperfectorbecausewehaveproblemsorchallenges.Sometimeswearetheblindhorsebeingguidedbythelittleringingbellofouracquaintances;__25____othertimeswearetheguidehorse,whohelpsotherstofindtheirway.(2008年佛山二模改编)SeveralmenhittheSaoPauloMuseumofArtjustbeforedawnonDecember20th,2007，and__1__shockedtheauthoritiesasittookthethievesjustthreeminutestostealpaintings__2__twoworld—famousartists,PabloPicasso__3__CandidoPoninari，__4__areworthmillionsofdollars.Imagesfromthesecretcamerashowthattwomenbegantheiractionat5∶09a.m.，__5__theguardsinthemuseumweregoingthroughtheirshiftchange(换岗).Theybrokethroughtwoglassdoors，__6__(run)tothemuseum’stopfloorandgrabbedthetwopaintingsfromdifferentrooms，somehow__7__(avoid)nearbyguards.Thealarmneverrang，andby5∶12a.m.，theyweremakingtheirescape.After__8__，thepolicewereinterviewingthe30museumemployees.“Everythingindicatesthievesweresenttodoitbysomewealthyartloverfor__9__owncollection.Hewasnotrichenoughtobuythepaintings，__10__hewaswealthy，”saidtheleadpoliceofficer，MarcosGomesdeMoura.（2011深圳一模）SeveraltimeseachyeartheQueengivesafternoonteaparties.Butshesimplysitsbesideabigsilverplate,pouringcupsofteaforeveryoneand16(skill)avoidingthecakesandsandwiches.AtcocktailparitiestheQueenmovesfromgrouptogroup,chattinginformally,andmanagestomakeoneglassofdrinklast17entireevening.Toursabroadaredifficultbecausehostsseemtohavea18(believe)thatthewarmthoftheirwelcomemustbeshownwithwonderfulstatebanquets(宴会).ButtheQueenhasperfectedtheartofappearingtoenjoyhermealwithoutactuallyeatingmuch.Duringonevisit19thePacificislandsofTonga,aspecially–prepareddinnerwasarrangedinherhonor.TheQueenlookeduneasilyatherplate20shediscoveredawholeroastpigwasherserving.Thenaturkey,somemeat,anappleandbananas21(carry)inforeachguest.Butshedepended22heroldfavoritetrickoftalkingwithherhost,KingTupouIV,andcarryingonawarmconversation.SometimestheQueenwillseemsocarriedawaybyforei