新概念英语语法：非谓语动词表

PAGE3特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(说话者的看法)1.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.2.It’snousecrying.(说话者有过体会)XX表语Hisjobistofeedanimals.=Tofeedanimalsishisjob.(主表可互换)Herhobbyisfishing.=Fishingisherhobby.(主表可互换)（名词）Thefilmismuchmoreexciting.(形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）Heisveryexcited.(兴奋)（形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)Hewasmuchexcitedbyherson’ssuccess.宾语1.Iwanttotalktoyou2.Shefoundithardtogettosleep1.DoyouenjoywatchingTV?2.Stampsareusedforsendingletters.XX定语1.Thereisalotofwork(forus)todo.2.Hefoundachairtositon.1.Theyareinthereading-room.(说明用途)2.asleepingcar=acar(whichisused)forsleeping1.Themovingtrainislong.2.Iknowthemanstandingthere.(说明正在进行)3.asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping1.Herjobistotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.2.TheboycalledJimisfromAmerica.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.Hestoppedtotalktome.(目的)2.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.（结果）3.He’sangrytofindhischairgone.（原因）4.Totellthetruth,Idon’tliketheideaatall.（修饰全句）X1.Seeinghermother,thebabystoppedcrying.(时间)2.Beingill,Istayedathome.(原因)3.Theystoodtherewaitingforher.（方式/伴随）4.Generallyspeaking,it’seasiertodriveacarthanflyaplane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1.InterestedinEnglish,heworkshardatit.(原因)2.Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.(时间)3.Readeverymorning,Englishwillbeimprovedquickly.(条件)4.Putfrankly,wereallywanttogothere.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1.Hetellsmetocomehereearly.(宾补)2.Isawhim(not)playfootball.(宾补)(表动作的全过程)3.HewasheardtoreadEnglish.(主补)4.Iamtoldnottocomehereearly.(主补)X1.Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.(宾补)2.Isawhimplayingfootball.(宾补)(表动作正在进行)3.Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.(主补)4.Hewasseenplayingfootball.(主补)1.Ifoundtheboylost.(宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2.Theboxisseenstolen.(主补)否定形式not/never+（to）do1.Pleasetellhimnottobeangry.2.Hemadetheboynotcryanymore.not/never+doingI’msorryfornotbeingabletocomeearlier.not/never+doingNotknowingwhattodo,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.X特殊结构连接代/副词+不定式1.Whattodonextisunknown.(主语)2.Idon’tknowwheretogo.(宾语)3.Thequestioniswhentostartout.(表语)XXX复合结构for/of……+todo(for结构位置可变)1.It’sdifficultforustowinthematch.(主语)=Forus,towinthematchisdifficult/forus.That’sforyoutodecide.(表语)It’stimeforustogotoschool.(定语)Imeantforyoutoeat.(宾语)Hestoodasideforhertopass.(状语)2.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHiscomingmadeusfeelsurprised.(主语)Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingIdon’tmindXiaoYu(him)going.Idon’tlikeyoungpeople(them)smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforawalk.(条件)=Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgoforawalk.Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoshopping.(原因)=Asthedaywasfine,wedecidedtogoshopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)Theworkdone,theywentshopping.(时间)=Aftertheworkwasdone,theywentshopping.Alloursavinggone,westartedlookingforjobs.(原因)=Becausealloursavingwasgone,westartedlookingforjobs.省略to的情况1.and或or连接不定式时，后者省toHewantstocomeandseehisfriends.名不词带化宾的语动和名状词语1.ThesinkingoftheTitanichasneverbeenforgotten.(前面可加冠词)主不动式定表示式被动义主句的主语是不定式逻辑上的宾语Thisproblemishardtosolve.Theroomistoosmallforustolivein.特殊情况2.hadbetter,wouldrather……than…..等后省略toHewouldratherdiethango.Hecoulddonothingbutcry.2.Weshouldgivetheroomagoodcleaning.(前面有修饰定语)不定式与最近的词有动宾关系，但与另一词有主谓关系Theyfoundthetexthardtounderstand.Hehasnoonetotakecareof.3.使役动词（let、have、make）/感观动词see、feel、hear等+宾语+宾补（不定式），省略to（help可带可省）Hemadethebabystopcrying.3.Pleasetakeourgreetings(问候)tothem.(可出现复数式)3.不定式作定语，与被修饰词有动宾关系Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.Thereisnotimetolose.4.Why/Whynot后，不定式省略toWhyspendsomuchmoney?Whynotdoitrightnow?主被动动式义ThisTVsetneedsrepairing.=ThisTVsetneedstoberepaired.下列句型中tolet,toblame,toseek等主动表被动Theroomistolet.(出租)Thereasonisnotfartoseek.（不难寻找）特征功能不定式动名词-ing分词-ed分词名词、形容词、副词（有时态、语态的变化）名词（有时态、语态变化）形容词、副词（有时态、语态变化）表主动关系、进行意义形容词、副词（只有一般式、被动语态）表被动关系、完成意义主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.=It’snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.(说话者的看法)1.Gettingupearlyisagoodhabit.2.It’snousecrying.(说话者有过体会)XX表语Hisjobistofeedanimals.=Tofeedanimalsishisjob.(主表可互换)Herhobbyisfishing.=Fishingisherhobby.(主表可互换)（名词）Thefilmismuchmoreexciting.(形容词)（现在进行时中，v-ing表示动作/状态）Heisveryexcited.(兴奋)（形容词）（被动语态）-ed分词可由much来修饰)Hewasmuchexcitedbyherson’ssuccess.宾语1.Iwanttotalktoyou2.Shefoundithardtogettosleep1.DoyouenjoywatchingTV?2.Stampsareusedforsendingletters.XX定语1.Thereisalotofwork(forus)todo.2.Hefoundachairtositon.1.Theyareinthereading-room.(说明用途)2.asleepingcar=acar(whichisused)forsleeping1.Themovingtrainislong.2.Iknowthemanstandingthere.(说明正在进行)3.asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping1.Herjobistotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.2.TheboycalledJimisfromAmerica.（说明被动关系或完成）状语1.Hestoppedtotalktome.(目的)2.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.（结果）3.He’sangrytofindhischairgone.（原因）4.Totellthetruth,Idon’tliketheideaatall.（修饰全句）X1.Seeinghermother,thebabystoppedcrying.(时间)2.Beingill,Istayedathome.(原因)3.Theystoodtherewaitingforher.（方式/伴随）4.Generallyspeaking,it’seasiertodriveacarthanflyaplane.（修饰全句）*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语1.InterestedinEnglish,heworkshardatit.(原因)2.Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.(时间)3.Readeverymorning,Englishwillbeimprovedquickly.(条件)4.Putfrankly,wereallywanttogothere.(修饰全句)*逻辑主语必须是句子的主语补足语1.Hetellsmetocomehereearly.(宾补)2.Isawhim(not)playfootball.(宾补)(表动作的全过程)3.HewasheardtoreadEnglish.(主补)4.Iamtoldnottocomehereearly.(主补)X1.Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.(宾补)2.Isawhimplayingfootball.(宾补)(表动作正在进行)3.Shewasheardsinginginthenextroom.(主补)4.Hewasseenplayingfootball.(主补)1.Ifoundtheboylost.(宾补)（说明被动关系或完成）2.Theboxisseenstolen.(主补)否定形式not/never+（to）do1.Pleasetellhimnottobeangry.2.Hemadetheboynotcryanymore.not/never+doingI’msorryfornotbeingabletocomeearlier.not/never+doingNotknowingwhattodo,Iwenttotheteacherforhelp.X特殊结构连接代/副词+不定式1.Whattodonextisunknown.(主语)2.Idon’tknowwheretogo.(宾语)3.Thequestioniswhentostartout.(表语)XXX复合结构for/of……+todo(for结构位置可变)1.It’sdifficultforustowinthematch.(主语)=Forus,towinthematchisdifficult/forus.That’sforyoutodecide.(表语)It’stimeforustogotoschool.(定语)Imeantforyoutoeat.(宾语)Hestoodasideforhertopass.(状语)2.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.(主语)名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ingHiscomingmadeusfeelsurprised.(主语)Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?(宾语)如复合结构不在句首，可用名词普通格/人称代词宾格+v-ingIdon’tmindXiaoYu(him)going.Idon’tlikeyoungpeople(them)smoking.名词+v-ing分词(独立结构)Weatherpermitting,we’llgoforawalk.(条件)=Iftheweatherpermits,we’llgoforawalk.Thedaybeingfine,wedecidedtogoshopping.(原因)=Asthedaywasfine,wedecidedtogoshopping.名词+v-ed分词(独立结构)Theworkdone,theywentshopping.(时间)=Aftertheworkwasdone,theywentshopping.Alloursavinggone,westartedlookingforjobs.(原因)=Becausealloursavingwasgone,westartedlookingforjobs.省略to的情况1.and或or连接不定式时，后者省toHewantstocome