初中被动语态及练习试题

初优选中被动语态及练习试题初优选中被动语态及练习试题初优选中被动语态及练习试题一、被动语态归纳语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特别形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语经常用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也这样。1、被动语态的时态较常有的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般过去时IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone过去完成时Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般将来时Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.、被动语态的句式变化：以一般在和

invite

例，列表示被的句式化：3、含有情的被情的被构：情+be+去分；其及句型的化由情完成，“be+去分”部分不。如：Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石制造。Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.

那桌子可由石制造。（一般去）Cantablesbemadeofstone?

桌子能用石制造？（疑句）三、被的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出是作的行者。如：Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.

座是昨年建筑的。Hewaselectedchairman.

他被主席。2、当更加作的承受者。此作的行者由

by

引置于此后，不需要能够省略。如：Theroomhasn'tbeencleanedyet.

房没有打。Thetigerwaskilledbyhim.

老虎被他死了。3、看作的行者不是人，多用被。如：Thewindowwasblownbywind.

窗被吹开了。Thewholevillagehasbeenwashedawaybytheflood.

整个农村都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客的明常用“

Itis+

去分”句型。一些表示“据”或“相信”的如

believe,

consider,

expect,

report,

say,suppose,think

等能够用于句型“

It

＋be＋去分＋that从句”或“主＋

be＋去分＋

todosth.

”。有：Itissaidthat

⋯据,Itisreportedthat

⋯据道，

Itisbelievedthat

⋯大家相信，Itishopedthat⋯大家希望，Itiswellknownthat⋯众所周知，It

is

thought

that

⋯大家，Itissuggestedthat⋯据建。例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.

（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.

）如：ItissaidthatLucyhasgoneabroad.

据露茜已出国了。Itisbelievedthatheisaspy.(=Heisbelievedtobeaspy.)

大家相信他是个。四、主被示：1、主被的步：将主句的主：注意：若是主句的是代，需将其由格主格。如：Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.将改“be+去分”。注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.他昨天开会了。将主的主改by⋯放在后。注意：若是原主是代，由主格格。如：Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主被的注意事：主句中的主若是是people,we,you,they,somebody等含糊地表示“人”、“大家”的，被句，平时去“by⋯”，但原主被除外。如：Theysetupthishospitalin1975.→Thishospitalwassetupin1975.这所医院建于1975年。Onlyhecanfinishthejob.→只有他能完成这项工作。Thejobcanbefinishedonlybyhim.这项工作只能由他来完成。含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。如：Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Thetruthwastold(to)usbyJack.五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look，feel，smell等。以下动词没有被动式：happen，cost，have如：Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.（）Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。Thisbooksellswell.这本书热卖。六、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特色时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语平时是物。Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主动语态表被动重申的是主语的特色，而被动语态则重申外界作用造成的影响。试比较：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指门自己有弊端）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2.表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动形式表示被动意义。例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?些是如何引出来的呢？3.系没有被形式,但有些表示感觉、感官的系feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表构中常以主形式表示被意。Yourreasonsoundsreasonable七、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用名和不定式的主形式表被意。1．在need，want，require,bear等的后边，名用主形式表示被意，其含相当于不定式的被形式。例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．房子需要维修。2．形容worth后边跟名的主形式表示被含，但不能够跟不定式；而worthy后边跟不定式的被形式。例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）不定式在名后边作定，不定式和名之相关系，又和句中另一名或代构成主关系,不定式的主形式表示被含。例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo与things是关系，与I是主关系。)比：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此用不定式的被作定表示you不是post作的行者。)在某些“形容＋不定式”做表或足的构中，句子的主或又是不定式的，常用不定式的主形式表达被意。些形容有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在too⋯to⋯构中，不定式前面可加主，所以用主形式表示被意。Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe⋯句型中，当不定式修名作定，不定式用主式作定，重点在人，用被形式作定，重点在物。例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可看作forustolose；用tobelost，losttime不明确。）7.在betodo构中的一些不定式平时用主表主,被表被。可是,由于古英的影响,下列rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主形式表示被意。Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?八、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方向的介与含作意的名合用，含被之，其意相当于名相的被形式，名前一般不用冠。1.“under+名”构，表示“某事内行中”。常的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治中）,underrepair（在维修中）,underdiscussion（在中）,underconstruction（在施工中）。Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名”构，“出乎⋯⋯⋯⋯、范、限度”。常的有：beyondbelief(令人以置信)，beyondone’sreach（鞭莫及），beyondone’scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope．我的成功始料不及。例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名”构,表示“(品、行、能力等)超⋯⋯、高于⋯⋯”。例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名”构，表示“适于⋯⋯、着⋯⋯”。如：forsale(销售),forrent（出租）等。Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名”构，表示“在⋯⋯程中或范内”常的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight(在野范内)，等。例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名”构,表示“在从事⋯⋯中”。常的有：onsale(销售)，onshow（展出）,ontrial（受）。Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名”构；表示“超出⋯⋯之外“，常的有：outofcontrol(控制不了)，outofsight（超出之外），outofone’sreach(不着),outoffashion(不流行)等。例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．。8．“within+名”构，“在⋯⋯内、不超⋯⋯”。Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission一．填空1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die－Doyouliketheskirt?It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto14.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard15.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor16.MissChen______just______tospeakatthemeeting.A.has⋯beenaskedB.hasbeen⋯askedC.Havebeen⋯askedD.have⋯beenasked17.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan_________now.A.havebeensold,getnothingB.hasbeensold,getnothingC.hasbeensold,getsomeD.havebeensold,getsome18.Thenewplay_______intheatrenow.Whydon’tyougoinandseeit?A.isbeingshownB.isshowingC.isshownD.shows19.Canyoutell_______?A.whendidithappenB.whenwasithappenedC.whenithappenedD.whenitwashappened20.______thejob______byLucyorbyJohn?Tellmethetruth,please.A.Has⋯finishedB.Has⋯beingfinishedC.Is⋯finishD.Has⋯beenfinished.用所给动词的合适时态和语态填空When_____thefirstman-madesatellite_______(send)upintospace?Lastyearvegetables____(grow)inthegardenbyTomandhe_____(sell)themhimself.She______(help)himwithhishomeworktomorrowevening.Howmanymagazines______(canborrow)inyourlibraryeveryweek?John______(hear)togoupstairstwohoursago.－Who______(save)herfather?He______(save)bythatpoliceman.Thedoctor______(sendfor)becausehisgrandpawasill.Mooncakes______(make)byhismothereveryyear.______yourmother_____(make)mooncakesforyoueveryyear?Sometoys______(buy)asapresentsforthesechildrenlastMonday._____paper______(make)ofwood?三.Correctthesesentences.(改正以下句子)Thishousebuilt100yearsago.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?___________________Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________Whereareyouborn?____________________HowmanylanguagesarespeakinginSwitzerland?_______________Somebodybrokeintoourhousebutnothingstolen._______________Whenwasinventedt