考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

Blackshavetraditionallybeenpoorlyeducated--lookatthecrisisinurbanpublicschools--anddeprivedofthesortsofopportunitiesthatcreatethevisionnecessaryfortechnologicalambition.BlackfolkwaysinAmerica,thoseunspoken,largelyunconsciouspatternsofthoughtandbeliefaboutwhatispossiblethatguideaspirationandbehavior,thusdonotencompassphysicsandcalculus.Becominganengineer--unlikebecomingadoctororalawyeroraninsurancesalesman--hasnotbeenseenasawayupinthesegregatedblackcommunity.Thesefolkwaysdevelopedinresponsetoveryrealhistoricalconditions,tothelimitedandatbestambivalentinteractionsbetweenblacksandtechnologyinthiscountry.Folkways,the"consciousnessoftherace,"changeataslowerpacethansocietalconditionsdo--andsoaworkingstrategycanturnintoacripplingblindnessandself-limitation.

【答案】传统上，黑人受教育程度较低——看看城市公立学校的危机就知道了——他们被剥夺了创造技术抱负所必需的愿景的各种机会。在美国，黑人的风俗习惯，那些没有说出口的，在很大程度上是无意识的思维模式和信仰，引导着人们的愿望和行为，因此不包括物理学和微积分学。与成为医生、律师或保险推销员不同，在种族隔离的黑人社区里，成为一名工程师并没有被视为上进之道。这些民俗是在真实的历史条件下发展起来的，是这个国家黑人和技术之间，有限的并且是矛盾的相互作用下发展起来的。民俗，也就是“种族意识”的变化比社会条件的变化要慢，所以一种有效的策略可能会变成过度的盲目和自我限制。

2.单选题

Inaperfectlyfreeandopenmarketeconomy,thetypeofemployer—governmentorprivate—shouldhavelittleornoimpactontheearningsdifferentialsbetweenwomenandmen.However,ifthereisdiscriminationagainstonesex,itisunlikelythatthedegreeofdiscriminationbygovernmentandprivateemployerswillbethesame.Differencesinthedegreeofdiscriminationwouldresultinearningsdifferentialsassociatedwiththetypeofemployer.Giventhenatureofgovernmentandprivateemployers,itseemsmostlikelythatdiscriminationbyprivateemployerswouldbegreater.Thus,onewouldexpectthat,ifwomenarebeingdiscriminatedagainst,governmentemploymentwouldhaveapositiveeffectonwomen’searningsascomparedwiththeirearningsfromprivateemployment.TheresultsofastudybyFuchssupportthisassumption.Fuchs’resultssuggestthattheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedentirelyofgovernmentemployeeswouldbe14.6percentgreaterthantheearningsofwomeninanindustrycomposedexclusivelyofprivateemployees,otherthingsbeingequal.

Inaddition,bothFuchsandSanbornhavesuggestedthattheeffectofdiscriminationbyconsumersontheearningsofself-employedwomenmaybegreaterthantheeffectofeithergovernmentorprivateemployerdiscriminationontheearningsofwomenemployees.Totestthishypothesis,Brownselectedalargesampleofwhitemaleandfemaleworkersfromthe1970censusanddividedthemintothreecategories:privateemployees,governmentemployees,andself-employed.(Blackworkerswereexcludedfromthesampletoavoidpickingupearningsdifferentialsthatweretheresultofracialdisparities.)Brown’sresearchdesignwascontrolledforeducation,labor-forceparticipation,mobility,motivation,andageinordertoeliminatethesefactorsasexplanationofthestudy’sresults.Brown’sresultssuggestthatmenandwomenarenottreatedthesamebyemployersandconsumers.Formen,self-employmentisthehighestearningscategory,withprivateemploymentnext,andgovernmentlowest.Forwomen,thisorderisreversed.

OnecaninferfromBrown’sresultsthatconsumersdiscriminateagainstself-employedwomen.Inaddition,self-employedwomenmayhavemoredifficultythanmeningettinggoodemployeesandmayencounterdiscriminationfromsuppliersandfromfinancialinstitutions.

Brown’sresultsareclearlyconsistentwithFuchs’argumentthatdiscriminationbyconsumershasagreaterimpactontheearningsofwomenthandoesdiscriminationbyeithergovernmentorprivateemployers.Also,thefactthatwomendobetterworkforgovernmentthanforprivateemployersimpliesthatprivateemployersarediscriminatingagainstwomen.Theresultsdonotprovethatgovernmentdoesnotdiscriminateagainstwomen.Theydo,however,demonstratethatifgovernmentisdiscriminatingagainstwomen,itsdiscriminatingisnothavingasmucheffectonwomen’searningsasisdiscriminationintheprivatesector.

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept（）

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict（）.

4.AccordingtoBrown'sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings.

问题1选项

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliers

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutions

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployees

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistance

问题2选项

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate:itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.

问题3选项

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’study

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudy

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthor

D.Fuchshypothesis

问题4选项

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemployment

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employment

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemployment

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Thepassagementionsallofthefollowingasdifficultiesthatself-employedwomenmayencounterexcept______.1.文中列举了除了______以外的女性个体经营者可能遇到的困难。

A.discriminationfromconsumersandsuppliersA.来自消费者和供应商的歧视

B.discriminationfromfinancialinstitutionsB.来自金融机构的歧视

C.problemsinobtaininggoodemployeesC.获得优秀员工的问题

D.problemsinobtaininggovernmentassistanceD.在获得政府援助方面的问题

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“……消费者歧视个体经营的女性。此外，自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视。”，从中可知，女性个体经营者会碰到困难包括消费者、供应商和金融机构的歧视，以及更难找到好员工，只有D项“在获得政府援助方面的问题”没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“来自消费者和供应商的歧视”、B项“来自金融机构的歧视”和C项“获得优秀员工的问题”根据解题思路可知，这三项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionswouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagreewithaboutdiscriminationagainstwomenbyprivateemployersandbygovernmentemployers?2.关于私人雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视，下列哪个结论作者最可能同意？

A.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminatewithequaleffectsonwomen’searnings.A.私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对妇女的收入产生了相同的影响。

B.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbyprivateemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.B.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

C.Bothprivateemployersandgovernmentemployersdiscriminate,butthediscriminationbygovernmentemployershasagreatereffectonwomen’searnings.C.私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大。

D.Privateemployersdiscriminate;itispossiblethatgovernmentemployersdiscriminate.D.私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的第三和第四句“歧视程度的不同会导致与雇主类型有关的收入差异。根据政府和私人雇主的性质来看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧视。”可知，政府和私人雇主都有歧视，但是私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大，所以作者更有可能同意B项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但私人雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”的结论。

【干扰项排除】

A项“私营雇主和政府雇主对女性的歧视都对女性的收入产生了相同的影响”根据第一段第五句“如果女性受到歧视，与女性在私营企业就业所得相比，政府就业将对女性的收入产生积极的影响”可知，政府雇主和私营雇主对女性的收入有不同的影响，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C项“私人雇主和政府雇主都存在歧视，但政府雇主的歧视对女性的收入影响更大”根据解题思路可知，该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“私人雇主歧视；政府雇主也有可能歧视”，原文中提到私人雇主和政府雇主都会歧视，该项中的possible与原文不符合，属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Astudyofthepracticesoffinancialinstitutionsthatrevealednodiscriminationagainstself-employedwomenwouldtendtocontradict______.3.一项对金融机构实践的研究表明，对女性自营者没有歧视，这往往与______相矛盾。

A.sometentativeresultsofFuchs’studyA.福克斯的一些初步研究结果

B.someexplicitresultsofBrown’sstudyB.布朗研究的一些明确结果

C.asuggestionmadebytheauthorC.作者提出的建议

D.Fuchs’hypothesisD.福克斯的假设

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第三段的内容“从布朗的研究结果可以推断出……自主创业的女性可能比男性更难找到好员工，并可能遭遇供应商和金融机构的歧视”可知，布朗的研究结果表明金融机构会歧视女性自营者，这与金融机构关于对女性自营者没有歧视的实践的研究相矛盾。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“福克斯的一些初步研究结果”和D项“福克斯的假设”没有提到金融机构对女性的歧视，属于张冠李戴；

C项“作者提出的建议”文中没有提及，属于无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.AccordingtoBrown’sstudy,women’searningcategoriesoccurinorders,fromthehighestearningstothelowestearnings,are______.4.根据布朗的研究，女性的收入按收入最高到最低的顺序排列，分别是______。

A.governmentemployment,self-employment,privateemploymentA.政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣

B.governmentemployment,privateemployment,self-employmentB.政府雇佣，私营雇佣，个体经营

C.privateemployment,self-employment,governmentemploymentC.私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣

D.privateemployment,governmentemployment,self-employmentD.私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“对于男性来说，个体经营是收入最高的行业，其次是私营雇佣，政府雇佣最低。对于女性来说，这个顺序是相反的。”，从中可知，女性的收入按最高到最低的顺序与男性正好相反，那么女性的收入排列是：政府雇佣，私人雇佣，个体经营。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“政府雇佣，个体经营，私营雇佣”、C项“私营雇佣，个体经营，政府雇佣”和D项“私营雇佣，政府雇佣，个体经营”，根据解题思路可知，都不正确，属于曲解原文。

3.翻译题

SectionBChinesetoEnglishTranslation(20points)

Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（41）“一带一路”的独特部分是强调建立陆地和海洋基础设施。基础设施是所有国家的永久性需求。由于各国对基础设施的普遍重视，区域性的基础设施和联通项目建设从政治上来说相对容易往前推进。这些项目将自然地增加贸易、投资和各国之间人民的交流。跨国基础设施项目服务于跨境贸易的增长目标，因而是比自由贸易协定更容易促进贸易的方式，而这是当今世界上很多国家都强烈反对的。

（42）中国迄今为止已成功实现了渐进式经济下滑，接下来的问题是如何实现长期可持续增长。看看增长的需求端，投资长期以来已成为主要驱动。尽管中国的人均资本存量比更发达的经济体低，(中国)仍然需要实现从投资向消费的逐渐平衡，以避免进一步的资本错配及其负面影响，如一些行业和房地产的过剩。中国在两年前就已经开始这种再平衡努力了，最近的政府工作报告及2017年国民经济与社会发展计划草案又重申了对促进消费的重视。

【答案】41.TheuniquepartoftheBeltandRoadliesinemphasizingtheestablishmentofterrestrialandmarineinfrastructure.Andinfrastructureisapermanentneedforallcountries.Ascountriesgenerallyattachimportancetoinfrastructure,theconstructionofregionalinfrastructureandconnectingprojectsisrelativelyeasytomoveforwardpolitically.Theseprojectswillnaturallyincreasetrade,investmentandexchangesamongpeoplefromdifferentcountries.Transnationalinfrastructureprojectsservethegrowthgoalsofcross-bordertrade.Andtherefore,aneasierwaytopromotetradethanfreetradeagreements,whichmanycountriesintheworldtodaystronglyoppose.

42.Chinahassofarmanagedagradualeconomicdownturn,andthenextquestionishowtoachievelong-termsustainablegrowth.Consideringthegrowingdemandside,investmenthaslongbeenthemaindriver.AlthoughChina’scapitalstockpercapitaislowerthanthatofamoredevelopedeconomies,agradualbalancefrominvestmenttoconsumptionisneededtoavoidfurthercapitalmisallocationanditsnegativeeffects,suchasexcessinsomeindustriesandrealestate.Chinabeganthisrebalancingefforttwoyearsago,andtherecentgovernmentworkreportandthe2017DraftPlanforNationalEconomicandSocialDevelopmentreaffirmedtheemphasisonboostingconsumption.

4.单选题

Millionshavebeenmadebystates,organizations,corporationsandindividuals（）gamblingactivities,andnewmillionairesareconstantlybeingcreated.

问题1选项

A.sponsoring

B.promoting

C.guaranteeing

D.founding

【答案】A

【解析】考查分词。A:sponsoring“赞助；支持”；B:promoting“促进，晋升”；C:guaranteeing“保证，担保”；D:founding“创办”。句意：组织赌博活动的州府、组织、公司及个人赚了数以百万计的钱，新的百万富翁在不断地出现。赌博活动和州、政府等之间是“发起、组织”的关系，结合此处语境，A为正确答案。

5.单选题

Justasabookisoftenjudged（）bythequalityandappearanceofitscover,apersonisjudgedimmediatelybyhisappearance.

问题1选项

A.previously

B.uniquely

C.outwardly

D.initially

【答案】C

【解析】previously仓促地；uniquely独特地；outwardly表面上,外观上地；initially最初。句意：就像根据一本书的封面来判断质量一样,判断一个人也是根据他的外表立马进行判断。

6.单选题

AmongthespeciesofseabirdsthatusethewindsweptcliffsoftheAtlanticcoastofCanadainthesummertomate,layeggs,andreartheiryoungarecommonmurres,Atlanticpuffins,black-leggedkittiwakes,andnortherngannets.Ofallthebirdsonthesecliffs,theblack-leggedkittiwakegullisthebestsuitedfornestingonnarrowledges.Althoughitsnestinghabitsaresimilartothoseofgullsthatnestonflatground,thereareanumberofimportantdifferencesrelatedtothecliff-nestinghabit,

Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.Thisimmunityhasbeenfollowedbyarelaxationofthedefenses,andkittiwakesdonotreacttopredatorsnearlyasfiercelyasdoground-nestinggulls.AcolonyofBonaparte'sgullsrespondstotheappearanceofapredatoryherringgullbyflyingupasagroupwithaclamorofalarmcalls,followedbyconcertedmobbing,butkittiwakessimplyignoreherringgulfs,sincetheyposelittlethreattonestsoncliffs.Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest.Mostgullskeepthenestareaclearofdroppings,andremoveemptyeggshellsafterthechickshavehatched,sothatthelocationofthenestisnotgivenaway.Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous.

Ontheotherhand,nestingonanarrowledgehasitsownpeculiarproblems,andkittiwakebehaviorhasbecomeadaptedtoovercomethem.Thefemalekittiwakesitswhenmating,whereasothergullsstand,sothepairwillnotoverbalanceandfallofftheledge.Thenestisadeepcup,madeofmudorseaweed,toholdtheeggssafely,comparedwiththeshallowscrapeofothergulls,andthechicksareremarkablyimmobileuntilfullygrown.Theydonotrunfromtheirnestswhenapproached,andiftheyshouldcomeneartothecliffedge,theyinstinctivelyturnback.

1.Whataspectofthekittiwakegulldoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Theword“immunity”inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto（）.

3.Whyisitdifficultforravenstostealthekittiwakes'eggs?

4.Theauthormentionsthateggshellslitterthenestsofkittiwakesinorderto（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,itcanbeinferredthatwhichofthefollowingbirdsconcealtheirnest?

问题1选项

A.Itsdefensivebehavior

B.Itinteractionswithothergullspecies

C.Itsnestinghabits

D.Itsphysicaldifferencefromothergullspecies

问题2选项

A.distance

B.transition

C.protection

D.reminder

问题3选项

A.Thekittiwakescanseetheravensapproachingthenest.

B.Theravenscannotlandonthenarrowledgeswherekittiwakesnest.

C.Thekittiwakes'eggsaretoobigfortheravenstocarry.

D.Thefemalekittiwakesrarelyleavethenest.

问题4选项

A.demonstratethatkittiwakesarenotconcernedaboutpredators

B.provehowbusykittiwakesareincaringfortheiroffspring

C.showasimilaritytoothertypesofgulls

D.illustratekittiwakes’lackofconcernfortheirchick

问题5选项

A.Bonaparte’sgulls

B.Atlanticpuffins

C.Kittiwakegulls

D.Northerngannets

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。分析文章内容可知，第一段主要讲不同于其它海鸥，三趾鸥习惯在峭壁上筑巢；第二段讲三趾鸥在峭壁上筑巢的优势；最后一段讲了三趾鸥如何适应在峭壁上筑巢。由此可知，本文叙述的主要内容是三趾鸥的筑巢习惯。因此，本题正确答案为C项。

词汇题。

2.由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealegg可知，三趾鸥在在悬崖上筑巢的一大好处就是更安全，可以躲避无法攀登峭壁的狐狸和那些难以在陡峭岩石上立足的乌鸦和其他鸥类，防止鸟卵被偷走。因此，本题的正确答案为C项。

3.细节事实题。由原文第二段Theadvantageofnestingoncliffsistheimmunityitgivesfromfoxes,whichcannotscalethesheerrocks,andfromravensandotherspeciesofgulls,whichhavedifficultyinlandingonnarrowledgestostealeggs.可知，乌鸦无法偷走三趾鸥鸟卵的原因是它们难以在三趾鸥的巢边落脚。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第二段Kittiwakesdefecateovertheedgeofthenest,whichkeepsitclean,butthispractice,aswellastheirtendencytoleavethenestlitteredwitheggshells,makesitslocationveryconspicuous可知，三趾鸥会在巢边排便，以保持巢内干净，但这种做法以及它们倾向于在鸟窝里乱丢蛋壳的行为，使得它们巢的位置非常显眼。这里的描述是为和大多数海鸥作对比，说明三趾鸥也不会试着去隐藏它们的巢（Neitherdokittiwakesattempttoconcealtheirnest）。根据上下文可知三趾鸥之所以这样做是因为它们在峭壁上筑巢比在地面上筑巢更有优势，无需在意捕猎者，因此本题正确答案为A项。

5.推理判断题。原文第二段中指出，三趾鸥对捕食者的反应不像在地面筑巢的海鸥那么强烈。接着举出了Bonaparte’sgulls的例子，说明Bonaparte’sgulls和三趾鸥的筑巢习惯不同。大多数的海鸥在平地上筑巢，所以它们在雏鸟出生后会把蛋壳拿走，尽量不暴露鸟巢的位置。因此，可推测Bonaparte’sgulls也是这样的习惯，所以才会暴露自己的位置。由此可知，本题正确答案为A项。

7.单选题

Somepeopleseemto（）onthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.

问题1选项

A.render

B.evolve

C.prevail

D.thrive

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。render报答；归还；给予；evolve演变，进化；prevail盛行，流行；thrive兴旺，繁荣，茁壮成长。句意:有些人似乎在最后期限工作的压力下。故D项符合句意。

8.问答题

Don’ttouchthosewiresinanycircumstances.(Under)

【答案】Don’ttouchthosewiresunderanycircumstances.

9.不定项选择题

Someaccepttheirfate.Otherstrytoreasonwiththepoliceofficerwhohaspulledthemoverforsomerealorimaginedtrafficoffense.Butwhenlawenforcementisrepresentedbyacomputer-drivencamerathathasimmortalizedyourviolationonfilm—asisthecaseathundredsofintersectionsinmorethan100citiesaroundtheU.S.—it’shardtotalkyourwayoutofaheavyfine.Yetthatispreciselywhatsome300motoristsinSanDiegosucceededindoinglastweekwhenasuperiorcourtjudgerulesthatpicturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable.

ThefirstU.S.Courtdecisiontorejectallthetrafficviolationscaughtoncameras;therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem,andopponents—rangingfromHousemajorityleaderDickArmeytotheAmericanCivilLibertiesUnion—arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.

Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.IfsomecompanyismakingmoneyoffthatthatisAmericanway.”

Criticscounterthattheremustbeother,lessintrusivewaystomakeintersectionssafer,suchaslengtheningtheyellowlightandaddingturnlanes.“Iobjecttothisfixationwehavewithcamerasandelectronicallygatheredinformation,”saysBan.“Itplacestoomuchconfidenceintechnology.”Thatconfidence,asWashingtonresidentshavelearned,canbemisplaced.ThecityremovedonecameralastMaythathadgeneratedmorethan19,000ticketsataparticularlyconfusingintersection.InSanDiego,faultysensorsmadedriversappeartobegoingfasterthantheyreallywere.ThecitysuspendedthesysteminJuly.

Anotherconcernisprivacy.WhilesystemsinWashington,MarylandandNorthCarolinaphotographnothingbuttherearofthecar,othersinArizona,CaliforniaandColoradotakeapictureofthedriver’sseataswell—abitofelectronicmonitoringthatcouldlandstrayingspousesintroublealotmoreseriousthanatrafficviolation.

InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.

1.Itismainlyindicatedinthefirstparagraphthat________.

2.Thecourtdecisionlastweek________.

3.Opponents’argumentsagainstcamerasincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________.

4.Policedepartmentbelievesthat________.

5.Thephrase“chumpchange”inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.

6.Accordingtothepassage,BobBarr________.

7.Thewriter’sattitudetowardsrobotcamerascanbebestexpressedas________.

8.SomedriversinEuropeancountries________.

问题1选项

A.mostpeoplerespondintensivelywhencaughtintrafficoffense

B.motoristscanbewronglyaccusedbypoliceofficers

C.speederscannotdefendthemselvesbeforered-lightcameras

D.computer-drivencamerassometimesdotelllies

问题2选项

A.triggeredadisputeovertheuseofrobotcameras

B.excusedfewcamera-caughtviolatorsfrompunishment

C.foundfewerred-lightcamerasupportersinAmerica

D.deterredsomestatesfromimplementingcameradevices

问题3选项

A.theyintrudeintopeople’sprivacy

B.theygiveprioritytothepursuitofprofit

C.theyareoperatedbyprivatefirms

D.theyareunderthesupervisionofpolice

问题4选项

A.robotcamerasshouldnotbeoperatedbyprivatefirms

B.robotcamerasareeffectiveinmaintainingtrafficorder

C.speedingisthemajorcauseoftrafficfatalities

D.companiesoperatingcamerasshouldnotpursuemoney

问题5选项

A.trivial

B.moderate

C.enormous

D.indefinite

问题6选项

A.isthemajorityleaderintheHouseofRepresentatives

B.isstronglyagainsttheAmericanwayofmakingmoney

C.lacksconfidenceinmoderntechnology

D.doubtstheauthenticityofelectronicallygatheredinformation

问题7选项

A.positive

B.negative

C.indifferent

D.uncertain

问题8选项

A.stronglysupportedtheuseofred-lightcameras

B.destroythousandsoftherobotcameras

C.taketheinitiativeintheuseofrobotcameras

D.takedrasticmeasureswithrobotcameras

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:D

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题干提到第一段话暗示什么。文章第一段第一句话说Someaccepttheirfate.（一些人接受了命运（被抓到真实的或者虚假的交通违规要罚款的命运）），根据关键词some可知，A选项“大部分人被抓到交通违规之后反应很强烈”错误；B选项“摩托车司机可能会被警察错误地指控了”文中没有提及；C选项“超速者在被红灯摄像头抓到后不能为自己辩护”错误，第一段这个例子就是说300名驾车者在被红灯摄像头抓到违规，起诉交警部门后胜诉了，所以说超速者是可以为自己辩护的；第一段最后一句话…picturestakenbytheso-calledred-lightcameraswereunreliableandthereforeunacceptable（……所谓的“红灯摄像头”拍摄的照片不可靠，因此不可接受），这就是说D选项“红路灯会说谎”正确。

第2题:推理判断题。句意指法院的决定产生了什么样的影响。我们定位到第二段第一句话…therulingbyJudgeRonaldStynhasfueleddebateoverthegrowinguseofthedevices.（法官RonaldStyn这项决定更加激发了关于增加使用该设备的决定），从fueled这个词可知并不是这项判决引起的讨论，而是讨论本身就存在，判决加重了讨论，A选项“引发了关于是否使用摄像头的讨论”错误；B选项“判决赦免了少部分闯红灯被抓者的处罚”；C选项“判决发现支持红灯摄像头的人更少”，这两项文中都没有提及；定位到第二段第三句话ALouHarrispollsetforreleasethisweekfindsthat69%ofAmericanssupporttheiruse.Yetatleastsevenstateshaveblockedproposalstoimplementthem（LouHarris将于本周发布的民意调查显示，69%的美国人支持使用该设备。但是，至少有7个州打回了关于安装这些设备的提案），所以D选项“阻止了一些州安装摄像头”正确。

第3题:事实细节题。由题干关键词“Opponents”（反对者），我们定位到文章第二段倒数第三行opponents…arguethatthecamerasviolateprivacyandplaceprofitabovepublicsafety.（反对者……认为这些摄像头侵犯了隐私，而且把盈利置于公共安全之上），所以A、B可以排除；再定位到第三段第一句Partoftheproblemisthatvirtuallyallthedevicesinplaceareoperatedbyprivatefirmsthathandleeverythingfrominstallingthemachinerytoidentifyingviolations—oftenwithminimalpoliceoversight—andhaveanincentivetopullinasmanydriversastheycan.（部分问题在于，几乎所有的设备都是由私人公司操作的，他们负责从安装机器到识别违规行为的所有事情——通常是在最少的警察监督下——并有尽可能多地吸引司机的动机。），这里可知C选项“摄像头确实是私人公司安装的”排除；从关键词minimal可知D选项“摄像头是在警察的监控之下的”是错误的，所以答案选D。

第4题:事实细节题。根据关键词policedepartmentbelieves我们定位到文章第二段第二句：Policedepartmentsswear,andstudiesindicate,thattherobotcamerasdeterpeoplefromspeedingandrunningredlights.（警察部门发誓，研究表明，机器人摄像头可以阻止人们超速和闯红灯。）第三段最后两句话Notso,insistsTerranceGainer,Washington’sexecutiveassistantchiefofpolice.“Wehavereducedfatalities.”（但事实并非如此，华盛顿警察局执行助理局长特伦斯•盖纳（TerranceGainer）坚持认为。“我们减少了死亡人数。”）这两句可以看出交警部门认为摄像头维持了交通秩序，所以选B选项“摄像头有效地维持了交通秩序”。A选项“摄像头不应该由私人公司运营”，D选项“公司运营摄像头的目的不应该赚钱”，这两个都不是交警部门的看法，C选项“超速是交通致死事故的主要原因”，文章没有提及。

第5题:词汇推断题。A选项“细微的”；B选项“普遍的”；C选项“巨大的”D选项“无限的”。根据题干定位到“chumpchange”所在的句子，即第三段第二句话“Thecompaniesgetpaidasmuchas$70aticket,andthetotalrevenueishardlychumpchange.（该公司每张罚单能够收到多达70美元的罚款，因而该公司总收入相当可观）”，我们根据后面的第三段三四句SanDiegohasgotin$15.9millionlastyearandWashington$12.8million.“It’sallaboutmoney,”saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（圣地亚哥去年入账1590万美元，华盛顿入账1280万美元。“这一切都是关于钱，”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。），从这句可以看出，华盛顿和圣地亚哥收到的交通罚款数量巨大，不然不会受到来自国会议员的批评。由此推测，答案选A。

第6题:判断推理题。根据题干中的人名定位到文中提到该人物的地方，即第三段第四句“It’sallaboutmoney”,saysCongressmanBobBarr,aleadingcritic.（“这一切都是关于钱”国会议员鲍勃•巴尔如是说，他是主要的批评者。）所以选B选项“鲍勃•巴尔强烈反对美国特殊赚钱方式”。A选项“鲍勃•巴尔是众议院的领导者”不符合文意，鲍勃•巴尔是安装摄像头的主要的反对者但是不是众议院的领导者，排除A；C选项“鲍勃•巴尔对技术是否充满信心”，文中没有提及，排除；D选项“质疑电子收集信息的权威性”文中也没有提及。

第7题:观点态度题。A选项“积极”；B选项“消极”；C选项“漠不关心”；D选项“不确定”。整篇文章作者只是比较客观地描述了一些现象，文章中没有明显的句子或者词语表现出作者的态度，所以对于作者的态度我们是不明确的，答案选D。

第8题:事实细节题。根据题干的关键词“driversinEuropeancountries”，我们定位到最后一段“InEurope,whererobotcamerasaredeployedbythethousandsandareevenlesspopularthantheyarehere,resentfuldrivershavestartedtotakemattersintotheirownhands,seekingouthiddencamerasandknockingthemoverwiththeircars.（在欧洲，部署了数以千计的摄像头并且这些摄像头甚至比在这里（美国）更不受欢迎，心怀不满的司机们已经开始采取行动，寻找隐藏的摄像头，并用汽车撞倒它们。）”，由此答案选D选项“采用极端的手段对付摄像头”，从最后一段可以看出，欧洲司机也不支持摄像头的安装，所以A选项“支持摄像头的安装”错误；B选项“数以千计的摄像头被毁坏”，数以千计的摄像头是总数而不是被毁坏的数量，所以不选；C选项“欧洲首先使用摄像头”文章没有提及，所以排除。

10.单选题

The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

问题1选项

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项predominant“主要的，占主导地位的”；B选项credulous“轻信的，易受骗的”；C选项inclusive“包括的，包罗广泛的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。此处表示英国和其他西方国家的主要观点，故选A。句意：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化通常与衰落、依赖、孤立以及贫穷有关。

11.单选题

Thebottomlineisthatpatientswhowanttomakesuretheirdoctoriscompetenthavealotofworktodo.Andtheworkshouldbedoneonthefrontend:expertsemphasizethatpeopleshouldfindadoctorandestablisharelationshipwhiletheyareingoodhealth,sotheydon’thavetoscramblewhentheycomedownwithbronchitisorfindasuspiciouslump.

Studieshavefoundthatitishardtogetanappointmentatshortnoticewhencold-calling,andthatpatientswitharegularsourceofcaregetbettercare,evenwhentheyareuninsured.Whilesomeinternistshaveadditionaltrainingincardiologyorrheumatology,shewenton,primarycarephysiciansalsohaveanetworkoftrustedspecialistsforreferrals.

Manywomenchooseagynecologistastheirregulardoctor,Dr.Gallinsaid,butshouldprobablyhavearelationshipwithaninternistaswell.Next,reviewthelistofdoctorsinyourhealthplan.Considertheirlocationaswellastheirhospitalaffiliations.Youmaywanttocross-checkyourhealthplan’slistwithatopdoctorslistforyourarea;t