考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-义乌工商职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thegloveswerereallytoosmall,anditwasonlyby（）themthatImanagedtogetthemon.

问题1选项

A.spreading

B.squeezing

C.extending

D.stretching

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。spread“传播，散步”；squeeze“压榨，榨取”;extend“延长，扩展”；stretch“伸展，拉伸”。句意：这副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirlandinenvironmentallyfriendlierways,ortoleaveitfallow.Itmaysoundstrangebutsuchpaymentsneedtobehigherthantheexistingincentivesforfarmerstogrowfoodcrops.Farmers,however,dislikebeingpaidtodonothing.Inseveralcountries,theyhavebecomeinterestedinthepossibilityofusingfuelproducedfromcropresidueseitherasareplacementforpetrol(asethanol)orasfuelforpowerstations(asbiomass).Suchfuelsproducefarlesscarbondioxidethancoaloroil,andabsorbcarbondioxideastheygrow.Theyarethereforelesslikelytocontributetothegreenhouseeffect.Buttheyarerarelycompetitivewithfossilfuelsunlesssubsidizedandgrowingthemdoesnolessenvironmentalharmthanothercrops.

SectionE

Inpoorcountries,governmentsaggravateothersortsofdamage.Subsidiesforpesticidesandartificialfertilizersencouragefarmerstousegreaterquantitiesthanareneededtogetthehighesteconomiccropyield.AstudybytheinternationalRiceResearchinstituteofpesticideusebyfarmersinSouthEastAsiafoundthat,withpest-resistantvarietiesofrice,evenmoderateapplicationsofpesticidefrequentlycostfarmersmorethantheysaved.Suchwasteputsfarmersonachemicaltreadmill:bugsandweedsbecomeresistanttopoisons,sonextyear’spoisonsmustbemorelethal.Onecostistohumanhealth.Everyyearsome10,000peoplediefrompesticidepoisoning,almostalloftheminthedevelopingcountries,andanother400,000becomeseriouslyill.Asforartificialfertilizers,theiruseworld-wideincreasedby40percentperunitoffarmedlandbetweenthemid1970sandlate1980s,mostlyinthedevelopingcountries.Overuseoffertilizersmaycausefarmerstostoprotatingcropsorleavingtheirlandfallow.That,inturn,maymakesoilerosionworse.

SectionF

AresultoftheUruguayRoundofworldtradenegotiationsislikelytobeareductionof36percentintheaveragelevelsoffarmsubsidiespaidbytherichcountriesin1986-1990.Someoftheworld’sfoodproductionwillmovefromWesternEuropetoregionswheresubsidiesarelowerofnon-existent,suchastheformercommunistcountriesandpartsofthedevelopingworld.Someenvironmentalistsworryaboutthisoutcome.Itwillundoubtedlymeanmorepressuretoconvertnaturalhabitatintofarmland.Butitwillalsohavemanydesirableenvironmenteffects.Theintensityoffarmingintherichworldshoulddecline,andtheuseofchemicalinputswilldiminish.Cropsaremorelikelytobegrownintheenvironmentstowhichtheyarenaturallysuited.Andmoreframersinpoorcountrieswillhavethemoneyandincentivetomanagetheirlandinwaysthataresustainableinthelongrun.Thatisimportant.Tofeedanincreasinglyhungryworld,farmersneedeveryincentivetousetheirsoilandwatereffectivelyandefficiently.

Fromthelistbelowchoosethemostsuitabletitleforthereadingpassageabove.WritetheappropriateletterA-Einbox28ontheAnswerSheet.（

）

问题1选项

A.Environmentalmanagement

B.Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply

C.Soilerosion

D.Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward

E.Farmsubsidies

【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段，可知文章的主要内容为政府在农业方面的相关政策对农业环境的影响。紧接着下文运用很多国家的例子说明了政府运用各种不同的政策来减少农业活动对环境带来的各种破坏，使土壤和环境得到保护。分别讨论了在富裕的国家和贫穷的国家，相关政策对环境保护带来的影响和效果。可判断出本文内容主要是围绕环境管理开展的。Environmentalmanagement“环境管理”；Increasingtheworld’sfoodsupply“增加世界粮食供应”；Soilerosion“土壤侵蚀”；Fertilizersandpesticides—thewayforward“化肥和杀虫剂——未来之路”；Farmsubsidies“农业补贴”。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

AlthoughGuthmanwasa（

）ofseveralcampaigns,hehadneverseenactiononthefrontlines.

问题1选项

A.veteran

B.volunteer

C.victim

D.villain

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。veteran“老兵；富有经验的人”；volunteer“志愿者；志愿兵”；victim“受害人；牺牲者”；villain“坏人；罪犯”。句意：尽管古斯曼是参加过几场战役的老兵，但是她从来没有见过前线的场景。选项A符合题意。

4.案例题

Numeration

Oneofthefirstgreatintellectualfeatsofayoungchildislearninghowtotalk,closelyfollowedbylearninghowtocount.Fromearliestchildhoodwearesoboundupwithoursystemofnumerationthatitisafeatofimaginationtoconsidertheproblemsfacedbyearlyhumanswhohadnotyetdevelopedthisfacility.Carefulconsiderationofoursystemofnumerationleadstotheconvictionthat,ratherthanbeingafacilitythatcomesnaturallytoaperson,itisoneofthegreatandremarkableachievementsofthehumanrace.

Itisimpossibletolearnthesequenceofeventsthatledtoourdevelopingtheconceptofnumber.Eventheearliestoftribeshadasystemofnumerationthat,ifnotadvancedwassufficientforthetasksthattheyhadtoperform.Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?Whentheywereengagedinfoodgathering,forexample.However,whenearlyhumansfirstbegantoreflectonthenatureofthingsaroundthem,theydiscoveredthattheyneededanideaofnumbersimplytokeeptheirthoughtsinorder.Astheybegantosettle,growplantsandherdanimals,theneedforasophisticatednumbersystembecameparamount.Itwillneverbeknownhowandwhenthisnumerationabilitydeveloped,butitiscertainthatnumerationwaswelldevelopedbythetimehumanshadformedevensemi-permanentsettlements.

Evidenceofearlystagesofarithmeticandnumerationcanbereadilyfound.TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;thoseofSouthAfricacountedone,two,twoandone,twotwos,twotwosandone,andsoon.Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.Forexample,whenusingtheone,two,manytypeofsystem,thewordmanywouldmean.LookatmyhandsandseehowmanyfingersIamshowingyou.Thisbasicapproachislimitedintherangeofnumbersthatitcanexpress,butthisrangewillgenerallysufficewhendealingwiththesimpleraspectsofhumanexistence.

Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.Europeanlanguages,whentracedbacktotheirearlierversion,areverypoorinnumberwordsandexpressions.TheancientGothicwordforten,tachund,isusedtoexpressthenumber100astachundtachund.Bytheseventhcentury,thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.Infact,toqualifyasawitnessinacourtoflawamanhadtobeabletocounttonine!

Perhapsthemostfundamentalstepindevelopingasenseofnumberisnottheabilitytocount,butrathertoseethatanumberisreallyanabstractideainsteadofasimpleattachmenttoagroupofparticularobjects.Itmusthavebeenwithinthegraspoftheearliesthumanstoconceivethatfourbirdsaredistinctfromtwobirds;however,itisnotanelementarysteptoassociatethenumber4,asconnectedwithfourbirds,tothenumber4,asconnectedwithfourrocks.Associatinganumberasoneofthequalitiesofaspecificobjectisagreathindrancetothedevelopmentofatruenumbersense.Whenthenumber4canberegisteredinthemindasaspecificword,independentoftheobjectbeingreferenced,theindividualisreadytotakethefirststeptowardthedevelopmentofanotationalsystemfornumbersand,fromthere,toarithmetic.

Tracesoftheveryfirststagesinthedevelopmentofnumerationcanbeseeninseverallivinglanguagestoday.ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,andforcountingwhennoparticularobjectisbeingnumerated.Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.ThisdiversityofnumbernamescanalsobefoundinsomewidelyusedlanguagessuchasJapanese.

Intermixedwiththedevelopmentofanumbersenseisthedevelopmentofanabilitytocount.Countingisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheformationofanumberconceptbecauseitispossibletocountbymatchingtheitemsbeingcountedagainstagroupofpebbles,grainsofcorn,orthecounter’sfingers.Theseaidswouldhavebeenindispensabletoveryearlypeoplewhowouldhavefoundtheprocessimpossiblewithoutsomeformofmechanicalaid.Suchaids,whiledifferent,arestillusedevenbythemosteducatedintoday’ssocietyduetotheirconvenience.Allcountingultimatelyinvolvesreferencetosomethingotherthanthethingsbeingcounted.Atfirstitmayhavebeengrainsorpebblesbutnowitisamemorisedsequenceofwordsthathappentobethenamesofthenumbers.

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes28-35onyourAnswerSheet.

T(true)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

F(false)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NG(notgiven)ifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

1.Fortheearliesttribestheconceptofsufficiencywasmoreimportantthantheconceptofquantity.

2.IndigenousTasmaniansusedonlyfourtermstoindicatenumbersofobjects.

3.Somepeopleswithsimplenumbersystemsusebodylanguagetopreventmisunderstandingofexpressionsofnumber.

4.Allcultureshavebeenabletoexpresslargenumbersclearly.

5.Theword“thousand”hasAnglo-Saxonorigins.

6.Ingeneral,peopleinseventh-centuryEuropehadpoorcountingability.

7.IntheTsimshianlanguage,thenumberforlongobjectsandcanoesisexpressedwiththesameword.

8.TheTsimshianlanguagecontainsbotholderandnewersystemsofcounting.

【答案】1.T

2.F

3.T

4.F

5.NG

6.T

7.F

8.T

【解析】1.根据文章第二段，“Ourancestorshadlittleuseforactualnumbers;insteadtheirconsiderationswouldhavebeenmoreofthekindIsthisenough?Ratherthanhowmany?”，可知我们的祖先很少使用实际的数字；相反，他们考虑的更多的是足够了吗?而不是有多少。可判断出在早期社会，充分性的概念比数量的概念更为重要。所以表述正确。

2.根据文章第三段，“TheindigenouspeoplesofTasmaniawereonlyabletocountone,two,many;”，可知塔斯马尼亚的土著居民只用一、二和许多来计数，可判断出表述“塔斯马尼亚土著人只使用四个词来表示物体的数”是错误的。

3.根据文章第三段，“Butinrealsituationsthenumberandwordsareoftenaccompaniedbygesturestohelpresolveanyconfusion.”，可知但在实际情况中，数字和单词往往伴随着手势，以帮助解决困惑。可判断出“一些拥有简单数字概念的人使用肢体语言来避免对数字表达的误解”“”表述正确。

4.根据文章第四段，“Thelackofabilityofsomeculturestodealwithlargenumbersisnotreallysurprising.”，可知有些文化缺乏处理大量数字的能力。可判断出表述错误。

5.根据文章第四段，“thewordteonhadbecomeinterchangeablewiththetachundorhundoftheAnglo-Saxonlanguage,andso100wasdenotedashundteontig,ortentimesten.”，可知teon这个词在盎格鲁撒克逊语中已经和tachund或hund互换了，所以100被表示为hundteontig，或者十乘以十。文中并没有提到千的表达，所以相关表述文章并没给出。

6.根据文章第四段，“TheaveragepersonintheseventhcenturyinEuropewasnotasfamiliarwithnumbersaswearetoday.”，可知七世纪欧洲的普通人对数字并不像我们今天这样熟悉。可判断出总的来说，七世纪的欧洲人的计算能力很差。表述正确。

7.根据文章第六段，“ThenumerationsystemoftheTsimshianlanguageinBritishColumbiacontainssevendistinctsetsofwordsfornumbersaccordingtotheclassoftheitembeingcounted:forcountingflatobjectsandanimals,forroundobjectsandtime,forpeople,forlongobjectsandtrees,forcanoes,formeasures,…”，可知Tsimshian语言的记数系统包含7组不同的单词，根据被计数物品的类别来表示数字：用于计数扁平物体和动物、圆形物体和时间、人、长物体和树木、独木舟和度量等，可判断出对于长物和独木舟并不是用同一个数字表示的，表述错误。

8.根据文章第六段，“Itseemsthatthelastisalaterdevelopmentwhilethefirstsixgroupsshowtherelicsofanoldersystem.”，可知最后一组似乎是后来的发展，而前六组则体现了一个更古老系统的痕迹。可判断出Tsimshian语言包含了旧的和新的计数系统。表述正确。

5.翻译题

(1)Inmanyofthecountriesstrugglingtofindenoughwaterfortheirpopulations,itisthegovernmentthatistoblame,notgeographyaccordingtoareportoutthisweek.

(2)SeveralrecentUNstudiesshowthatlackofwaterisholdingbackfoodproductionandeconomicdevelopmentinmoreandmoreregionsaroundtheworld.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,athirdoftheplanetwillfacewatershortagesby2025.

ButCarolineSullivan,headofwaterpolicyandmanagementatBritain’sCentreforEcologyandHydrology(CEH)inWallingford,Oxfordshire,saystheseproblemsareoftenofacountry’sownmaking.(3)“Itiseasyforgovernmentstoblamegeographywhentheproblemisusuallytheirownfailings.”Shesays.Unlesstheyrealizethis,theywillhavenochanceofachievingthegoalagreedatthisyear’sWorldSummitofhalvingthenumberofpeoplewithoutaccesstocleandrinkingwaterby2015,sheadds.

SullivanisthechiefauthoroftheWaterPovertyIndex,publishedthisweekbytheCEHTheindex,whichwasputtogetherwithSullivan’scolleaguesatthewaterpolicythinktanktheWorldWaterCouncil,rankscountriesbyhowefficientlytheyconserve,useanddeliverwatertothosewhoneedit.

(4)Itrevealsasharpcontrastbetweencountriesthatmanagetheirwaterwellandthosethatdon’t.HaitiandtheDominicanRepublicsharethesameCaribbeanisland,andhavesimilarpopulationsandaccesstosimilaramountsofWater.YetwhiletheDominicanRepublicappearsinthetophalfoftheindex,Haitisufferslastoutofthe147countriesassessed.

Onereasonispoverty,butHaitihasalsochoppeddownitsforest,causing20%muchsoilerosionthatrainfallrunsintotheseainflashfloodsratherthansoakingintothesoilandsupplementingaquifers(地下蓄水层).

Notallrichnationsfarewellintheindex.(5)TheU.S.andJapancome32ndand36threspectively,largelybecausethewaytheycollectandusewateriswastefulanddamagestheenvironment.Australiaranked44th,whileBritainisin11thplace.“Therealcrisisisnottheamountofwater.It’sthewayweuseit.”saysSullivan.

【答案】1.本周公布的报告表明，在奋力为人民找到充足水源的许多国家中，应该承担责任的是政府，而不是地理环境。

2.联合国最近的几项研究表明，在世界上越来越多的地区，缺水正阻碍粮食生产和经济发展。

3.如果问题基本上是政府自身的过失，政府很容易怪罪于地理环境。

4.它形成了鲜明的对比，有的国家恰如其分地管理了水资源，而有的国家没有。

5.美国和日本分别排在第32位和第36位，这主要是因为他们收集和使用水的方式造成浪费且破坏环境。

6.单选题

Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa______event.

问题1选项

A.dramatic

B.proverbial

C.catastrophic

D.chronic

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.dramatic突然的；引人注目的B.proverbial谚语的；谚语表达的

C.catastrophic大灾难的D.chronic慢性的；难以治愈（或根除）的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词earthquake可知，a______event指的是“灾难性事件”，故该题选择C项恰当。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】任何地区发生的任何地震都被认为是一种灾难性事件。

7.单选题

ProfessorTaylor’stalkhasindicatedthatsciencehasaverystrong（）ontheeverydaylifeofnon-scientistsaswellasscientists.

问题1选项

A.motivation

B.perspective

C.impression

D.impact

【答案】D

【解析】句意:泰勒教授的报告表明，科学已经对非科学家和科学家的日常生活产生了强大的影响。

考查固定搭配。haveimpactonsth.对…产生影响。

8.单选题

Manyeconomicstudieshavetriedtoisolatetheeffectsofdeficits.

问题1选项

A.separate

B.giveup

C.reject

D.change

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.separate分开；分离B.giveup放弃

C.reject拒绝；否决D.change改变

【答案】A

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】原句语义为“许多经济学研究试图____赤字的影响”，原词isolate“分离”，A选项separate“分开；分离”最符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B选项giveup“放弃”，不符合语义衔接，研究没有办法放弃赤字的影响；

C选项reject“拒绝；否决”，不符合语义衔接，研究没有办法拒绝或否决赤字的影响；

D选项change“改变”，不符合原文语义。

【句意】许多经济学研究试图将赤字的影响分离开来。

9.单选题

Themedicine（）hispainbutdidnotcurehisillness.

问题1选项

A.increased

B.alleviated

C.interrupted

D.deteriorated

【答案】B

【解析】increase增加；alleviate减轻，缓和；interrupt中断，打扰；deteriorate恶化。根据句意可知，这里指减轻疼痛，选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Ahighlifeexpectancycoupledwithahighcrudebirthrate[A]makesitdifficulttoincreasepercapitaGNP.Finally,peoplehavedifferentviewson[B]whatistheproperrateofpopulation.Somefeelthattheearthistoocrowdedalreadyand[C]thatsocietiesshouldworkforzeropopulationgrowth—theconditioninwhichtheaveragenumberofbirthsanddeaths[D]balancessothatapopulationstopsgrowing.

问题1选项

A.makesitdifficult

B.what

C.that

D.balances

【答案】B

【解析】考查宾语从句。B选项处为宾语从句，如果使用what，主谓应为正序：whattheproperrateofpopulationis。因此此处应将what改为which。

11.单选题

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposaln.处理，支配；B选项bargainn.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reductionn.减少，下降；D选项salen.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。

12.单选题

Igavethecarathorough（）beforebuyingit.

问题1选项

A.inspection

B.review

C.survey

D.check-up

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项inspection“视察，检查（更加仔细）”；B选项review“回顾，检查”；C选项survey“调查”；D选项check-up“检查，核对（比较随意）”。句意：我把车_____了一遍才买下来。本句表达的是“将车子彻底检查一遍才买下来”，因此A选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Mypurposeistoconsiderif,inpoliticalsociety,therecanbeanylegitimateandsureprincipleofgovernment,takingmenastheyareandlawsastheymightbe.InthisinquiryIshalltryalwaystobringtogether（

）with（

）sothatjusticeandutilityareinonewaydivided.

问题1选项

A.whichrightpermitted...whichinterestprescribed

B.whatrightpermits...whichinterestprescribed

C.whatrightpermits...whatinterestprescribes

D.whichrightpermitted...whatinterestprescribes

【答案】C

【解析】考查宾语从句。由选项和空格前动词短语bringtogether“使结合”可知此题考点，with连接的两个部分作宾语。which和what都可引导宾语从句，但what指代的对象没有限定范围，而which受限制。由句意判断此处应表示“权利允许的一切以及利益要求的一切”，因此都应用what引导。C选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Atdusk,Mr.Hightowerwouldsitinhisoldarmchairinthebackyardandwistfullyloseinreminiscenceofhisyouthromances.

问题1选项

A.hopefully

B.reflectively

C.sympathetically

D.irresistibly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。wistfully在句中是“渴望地，希望地”；A选项hopefully“希望地”；B选项reflectively“沉思地”；C选项sympathetically“同情地，怜悯地”；D选项irresistibly“不可抗拒地”。句意：黄昏时分，海托先生会坐在后院的旧扶手椅上渴望沉浸在他青春恋情的回忆中。根据选项，只有A项符合。

15.单选题

TheAmericanRevolutionhadnomedievallegalinstitutionsto（）ortorootout,apartfrommonarchy.

问题1选项

A.discard

B.discreet

C.discord

D.disgorge

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近词辨析。空格后的or代表并列关系，因此选项应与rootout动词词性相符合。discard“抛弃，丢弃”；discreet“谨慎的”，没有动词用法；discord“不一致”；disgorge“吐出，被迫交出”。句意：除了君主政体，美国革命没有中世纪的法律制度可以废除或……。因此A选项符合题意。

16.单选题

The（）forspeedingisafineofonehundredandfiftydollars.

问题1选项

A.penalty

B.benefit

C.criticism

D.remedy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金”；B选项benefit“利益，好处”；C选项criticism“批评，考证”；D选项remedy“补救，疗法补救”。句意：超速的惩罚是罚款150美元。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

17.单选题

16-20

问题1选项

A.Becausehehaddifficultyswallowingit.

B.Becauseitwasupsettinghisstomach.

C.Becausehewasallergictoit.

D.Becauseitwastooexpensive.

问题2选项

A.Hecan’tplaysocceranymore.

B.Hehasaseriousfootproblem.

C.Heneedsanoperation.

D.Hehascancer.

问题3选项

A.Abloodtransfusion.

B.Anallergytest.

C.Aurinetest..

D.Abiopsy.

问题4选项

A.Toseeifhehascancer.

B.Toseeifhehasdepression.

C.Toseeifherequiressurgery.

D.Toseeifhehasfoodallergyproblem.

问题5选项

A.Relieved.

B.Anxious.

C.Angry.

D.Depressed.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】W:Hi,Patrick,howareyoufeelingtoday?

M:Abitbetter.

W:That’sgoodtohear.Areyoustillfeelingnausea?

M:No.(16)Ihaven’tfeltsicktomystomachsinceyouswitchedmymedication.

W.Great,say,yourtestresultcamethismorning

M:It’sabouttime.Isitgoodnewsorbad?

W:Iguessit'sabitofboth.Whichdoyouwantfirst?

M:Let’sgetthebadnewsoverwith.

W:OK.(17)Itlookslikeyouaregoingtoneedsurgerytoremoveyourtumorfromyourleg.Aftertheoperationyou’regoingtohavetostayoffyourfeetforatleast3weeks.Thatmeansnosoccer.

M:Well,Iwasafraidyouweregoingtosaythat.

W:Now.Forthegoodnews.(18)Thebiopsyshowsthetumorisbenignwhichmeansitisnotcancerous.We’regoingtotakeitoutanyway,justtobeonthesafeside.

M:(20)Wow,that’saloadoffmymind.Thanksdoctor.

W:Don’tgettooexcited,westillneedtogettothebottomofallthiswayofloathing...

M:Iprobablyhavejustbeensoworriedaboutstupidlump.

W:Thesethingsoftenarestress-related,butwe’restillgoingtodoafewbloodtestsjusttoruleafewthingsout.

M:Thingslikewhat?Cancer?

W:(19)Actually,Iamthinkingmorealongthelineoffoodallergy.

16.Whatdidthemanhavetoswitchthemedication?

【解析】病人说胃里很恶心（upset），因此医生考虑要换药（switchthemedication）。故本题答案为B。

17.Whatisthebadnewsfortheman?

【解析】医生说“Thatmeansnosoccer”，即不能踢球，但并非永远不能再踢球，而是3个星期没法踢球。导致这个结果的原因是该病人腿部需要做一个手术。因此本题正确答案为C。

18.Whatmedicalprocedureshavethemanalreadyundergone?

【解析】通过对话内容可知，病人已经做了biopsy（活检）。因此本题答案为D。

19.Whydidthedoctoraskthemantotakeafewbloodtests?

【解析】医生告诉病人还需要做几个血液化验，来排除过敏（allergy）的问题。因此本题答案为D。

20.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheman’sfeelingintheend?

【解析】医生说“Thebeltshowsthetumorisbenignwhichmeansitisnotcancerous.We’regoingtotakeitoutanyway,justtobeonasafeside.”病人排除了恶性肿瘤等问题，应该是比较放松的。因此本题答案为A。

18.单选题

3.

问题1选项

A.He’llgotoseeMr.Whiteat10:30.

B.He’dliketomakeanearlierappointment.

C.He’dliketocanceltheappointment.

D.He’dliketoseeanotherdentist.

【答案】B

【解析】M:Mytoothisbotheringme.WhencanIseeDr.White?

W:Howabouttomorrow?10:30OK?

M:Isn’tthereanythingearlier?

W:No.ButIwillcallyouifthereisacancellationbeforethen.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】男士说：Isn’tthereanythingearlier?(有没有办法早点儿？)，由此可知他想早些看医生。

19.单选题

Science,inpractice,dependsfarlessontheexperimentsitpreparesthanonthepreparednessofthemindsofthemenwhowatchtheexperiments.SirIsaacNewtonsupposedlydiscoveredgravitythroughthefallofanapple.Appleshadbeenfallinginmanyplacesforcenturiesandthousandsofpeoplehadseenthemfall.ButNewtonforyearshadbeencuriousaboutthecauseoftheorbitalmotionofthemoonandplanets.Whatkepttheminplace?Whydidn’ttheyfalloutofthesky?Thefactthattheapplefelldowntowardtheearthandnotupintothetreeansweredthequestionhehadbeenaskinghimselfaboutthoselargerfruitsoftheheavens,themoonandtheplanets.

Howmanymenwouldhaveconsideredthepossibilityofanapplefallingupintothetree?Newtondidbecausehewasnottryingtopredictanything.Hewasjustwondering.Hismindwasreadyfortheunpredictable.Unpredictabilityispartoftheessentialnatureofresearch.Ifyoudon’thaveunpredictablethings,youdon’thaveresearch.Scientiststendtoforgetthiswhenwritingtheircutanddriedreportsforthetechnicaljournalsbuthistoryisfilledwithexamplesofit.

Intalkingtosomescientists,particularlyyoungerones,youmightgathertheimpressionthattheyfindthe“scientificmethod”asubstituteforimaginativethought.I’veattendedresearchconferenceswhereascientisthasbeenaskedwhathethinksabouttheadvisabilityofcontinuingacertainexperiment.Thescientisthasfrowned,lookeda