考研考博-英语-云南大学旅游文化学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南大学旅游文化学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ifaforeignobjectbecomeslodgedintheeye,medicalhelpisnecessary.

问题1选项

A.depositedin

B.residedin

C.blurryto

D.isolatedfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。lodgein意为“固定在，留在”；depositin意为“存放，存在”；residein意为“居住，存在于”；blurryto意为“模糊到”；isolatefrom意为“与……隔离”。

句意：如果有异物卡在眼睛内，需要医疗救助。

2.不定项选择题

Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.Thelargestpartsofthebrainarethecerebralhemispheres,whichoccupymostoftheinterioroftheskull.Theyarelayeredstructures,themostcomplexbeingtheouterlayer,knownasthecerebralcortex（大脑皮层）,wherethenervecellsareextremelydenselypackedtoallowgreatinterconnectivity.Itsfunctionisnotfullyunderstood,butwecangetsomeindicationofitspurposefromstudiesofanimalsthathavehaditremoved.Adog,forexample,canstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkifitisdisturbed.However,italsobecomesblindandlosesitssenseofsmell—moresignificantly,perhaps,itlosesallinterestinitsenvironment,notrespondingtopeopleortoitsname,nortootherdogs,evenoftheoppositesex.Italsolosesallabilitytolearn.Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.Thecerebralcortexhasbeenthesubjectofinvestigationbyresearchersformanyyears,andisslowlyrevealingitssecrets.Itdemonstratesalocalizationoffunctions,inthatdifferentareasofthecortexfulfilldifferentfunctions,suchasmotioncontrol,hearingandvision.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones.Althoughmuchofthisstructureisgeneticallypredetermined,theorientation-specificlayoutofthecellsappearstobelearntatanearlystage.Animalsboughtupinanenvironmentofpurelyhorizontallinesdonotdevelopneuronstructuresthatrespondtoverticalorientations,showingthatthesestructuresaredevelopedduetoenvironmentalinputandnotpurelyfromgeneticpredetermination.Thisiscalledself-organizationofthevisualcortexsincethereisexternalteachertoguidethedevelopmentofthesestructures.

1.Theorganizationofbrainischaracterizedby（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,adogcanstillmoveinacoordinatedmanner,willeatandsleep,andevenbarkwhen（

）is(are)removed.

3.Theword“seat”inline12ofthefirstparagraphmeans（

）.

4.Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinterestingbecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingheadingsisthebesttitleforthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theinterioroftheskull

B.differentregionsresponsiblefordifferentfunctions

C.theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex

D.thenervecellsdenselypacked

问题2选项

A.nervecells

B.theskull

C.thehemispheres

D.thecerebralcortex

问题3选项

A.achair

B.partofthebody

C.placewheresomethingisorwheresomethingiscarriedon

D.cortex

问题4选项

A.specificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli

B.muchofthestructureisgeneticallypredetermined

C.horizontallinesarestimulated

D.verticallinesarestimulated

问题5选项

A.TheCerebralCortex

B.ThespecificLayersofNeurons

C.TheOrganizationoftheBrain

D.TheCerebralHemispheres

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干：大脑组织的特点是……。A选项“头骨的内部”；B选项“不同的区域负责不同的功能”；C选项“theouterlayer—thecerebralcortex”；D选项“神经细胞密集排列”。第一段第一句话Thebrainisorganizedintodifferentregions,eachresponsiblefordifferentfunctions,andinhumansthisorganizationisverymarked.（大脑被组织成不同的区域，每个区域负责不同的功能，在人类中这个组织非常明显），因此答案选B。

第2题:事实细节题。题干：根据这篇文章，狗被除去（）仍然可以移动，吃饭和睡觉，甚至吠喊。A选项“神经细胞”；B选项“头骨”；C选项“半脑”；D选项“大脑皮层”。根据题干定位到第八九句话Ineffect,itlosesthecharacteristicsthatwegenerallyrefertoasindicatingintelligenceawareness,interestandinteractionwithanenvironment,andanabilitytoadaptandlearn.Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（实际上，它失去了我们通常所说的智力的特征——意识、兴趣、与环境的互动，以及适应和学习的能力。因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）从这里可以看出答案选D。

第3题:词义推测题。A选项“椅子”；B选项“身体的一部分”，C选项“某物所在的地方或某物被进行的地方”；D选项“皮质”。Thusthecerebralcortexseemstobetheseatofthehigherorderfunctionsofthebrain,andthecoreofintelligence.（因此，大脑皮层似乎是大脑高级功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。）这里seat在文中的不是本意“椅子”，而是引申义“智力所在之地”，所以答案选C。

第4题:事实细节题。题干：皮质层的视觉部分尤其有趣因为……。A选项“特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感”；B选项“大部分结构是由基因决定的”；C选项“水平线受到刺激”；D选项“垂直线受到刺激”。根据题干定位到倒数第十行Thevisualpartofthecortexisespeciallyinteresting.Inthevisualcortex,electricalstimulationofthecellscanproducethesensationoflight,anddetailedanalysishasshownthatspecificlayersofneuronsaresensitivetoparticularorientationsofinputstimuli,sothatonelayerrespondsmaximallytohorizontallines,whileanotherrespondstoverticalones（大脑皮层的视觉部分尤其有趣。在视觉皮层中，对细胞的电刺激可以产生光的感觉，详细分析表明，特定的神经元层对特定的输入刺激方向敏感，因此，一层对水平线反应最大，而另一层对垂直线反应最大）所以排除C、D选项，答案选A，选项B没有提及。

第5题:主旨大意题。A选项“大脑皮层”；B选项“神经元的特殊层”；C选项“大脑的结构”；D选项“大脑半球”。原文最开始引出了大脑皮层这一话题，通过举了狗和视觉皮层中的例子来表明大脑皮层的作用，提出“大脑皮层似乎是大脑高阶功能的所在地，也是智力的核心。大脑皮层多年来一直是研究人员研究的主题”这一概念，因此A选项正确。B，C，D选项都是文章中的片面的内容，文章没有花费大量笔墨描写“神经元的特殊层”；“大脑的结构”；D“大脑半球”，属于以偏概全。

3.单选题

Globalizationisaphenomenonandarevolution.Itissweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeedandchangingthegloballandscapeintosomethingnewanddifferent.Yet,likeallsuchtrends,itsmeaning,development,andimpactpuzzlemany.Wetalkaboutglobalizationandexperienceitseffects,butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.

Whenpeopleusetheircellphones,logontotheInternet,vieweventsfromaroundtheworldonlivetelevision,andexperiencevaryingculturesintheirownbackyards,theybegintobelievethatthisprocessofglobalizationisagoodthingthatwillbringavarietyofnewandsophisticatedchangestopeople’slives.Manyaspectsofthistechnologicalrevolutionbringfun,ease,andsophisticationtopeople’sdailylives.Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)protestsinSeattle,Washingtonin1999andWashington,D.C.in2000aregraphicillustrationsofthefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.ManyAmericanswhohavefeltleftoutoftheglobaleconomicboom,aswellasLatinAmericans,Africans,andAsianswhofeelthattheirjobskillsandabilitiesarebeingexploitedbymultinationalcorporations(MNCs)inaglobaldivisionoflabor,believethatthissystemdoesnotmeettheirneeds.LocalculturesthatbelievethatWal-MartandMcDonald’sbringingculturalchangeandharmratherthaninexpensiveproductsandconveniencecriticizetheprocess.Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.

ManyintheWest,alongwiththeprominentandeliteamongMNCs,educators,andpolicymakers,seemtohaveembracedglobalization.Theyarguethatithelpstostreamlineeconomicsystems,disciplineslaborandmanagement,bringsforthnewtechnologiesandideas,andfuelseconomicgrowth.TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.Theyseelittleoftheproblemsthecriticsidentify.Infact,thosewhorecognizesomestructuralproblemsinthesystemarguethatdespitetheseissues,globalizationislikeacrossthedevelopingworld,viewglobalizationasaneconomicandculturalwavethattearsatthefabricofcenturies-oldsocieties.Theyseejobsemergingdisappearinginamatterofmonths,peoplemovingacrossthelandscapeinrecordnumbers,elitesamassinghugefortuneswhilelocalculturesandtraditionsaresweptaway,andlocalyouthbeingseducedbypromisesofAmericanmaterialwealthanddistancedfromtheirownculturalroots.Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.

Theironyofsuchafar-rangingandrapidhistoricalprocesssuchasglobalizationisthatbothproponentsandcriticsmayberight.Therealitiesofglobalizationarebothintriguingandalarming.Astechnologyandtheglobalinfrastructureexpand,ideas,methods,andservicesaredevelopedanddisseminatedtogreaterandgreaternumbersofpeople.Asaresult,societiesandvaluesarealtered,someforthebetterandothersfortheworse.

1.Theauthorcomplainsthat（）.

2.Theanti-worldTradeOrganizationprotestsindicatethat（）.

3.Likeallrevolutionaryforces,theprocessofglobalization（）.

4.Proponentsofglobalizationsingitspraisesonthebasisof（）.

5.Tocritics,theworstthingthatglobalizationhasbroughttousis（）.

问题1选项

A.fewofushaveaclearideaabouttheforcesbehindglobalpoliticaleconomy

B.globalizationisnowsweepingtheworldwithincreasingspeed

C.wearepuzzledbythetruemeaningofglobalization

D.toomanypeopleusecellphonestologontotheInternet

问题2选项

A.manypeoplefeelthattheyhavebeenleftout

B.theprocessofglobalizationbringsmorethanfun,easeandentertainment

C.noteveryoneisconvincedthatglobalizationisagoodthing

D.theendofglobalizationhasbecomemoregraphic

问题3选项

A.bringsinexpensiveproducts

B.createsdisagreementsbetweenpeople

C.leadstoculturalchangeandharm

D.artificesthelivesofpeople

问题4选项

A.newtechnologiesandideas

B.changingeconomicsystemsandmanagement

C.relativeprosperityofWesterncountries

D.thisinevitabletideofhistory

问题5选项

A.thepromisesofAmericanmaterialwealth

B.therapidchangeinsocialsystem

C.thedisappearanceoflocalculturesandtraditions

D.theconstantmovementofpeopleacrossthelandscape

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段最后一句“butfewofusreallyunderstandtheforcesthatareatworkintheglobalpoliticaleconomy.”但很少有人真正了解在全球政治经济中起作用的力量。选项A符合原文。

2.根据关键词“theanti-worldTradeOrganization”定位到第二段第三句“Yettheanti-WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)...thefactthatnoteveryonebelievesthatglobalizationisagoodthing.”反世贸组织的抗议活动表明并非所有人都认为全球化是一件好事。选项C与原文表述一致。

3.根据第二段最后一句“Inthisway,globalization,likeallrevolutionaryforces,polarizespeople,altersthefabricoftheirlives,andcreatesriftswithinandbetweenpeople.”全球化就像所有的革命力量一样，使人民两极分化，改变他们的生活结构，并在人们内部以及人与人之间制造裂痕。选项B符合原文。

4.根据第三段第三句“TheypointtotherelativeprosperityofmanyWesterncountriesandarguethatthisisproofofglobalization’spositiveeffects.”他们指出，许多西方国家的相对繁荣证明了全球化的积极影响。选项C正确。

5.根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thesecriticslookpasttheallureofglobalizationandfocusonthedisquietingimpactofrapidandsystem-widechange.”批评人士认为，快速的、全系统的社会变革带来了令人不安的影响。也就是说，全球化导致了社会制度的迅速变化，使人们感到不安，所以选项B正确。

4.单选题

Asawisemanoncesaid,weareallultimatelyalone.ButanincreasingnumberofEuropeansarechoosingtobesoataneverearlierage.Thisisn’tthestuffofgloomyphilosophicalcontemplations,butafactofEurope’sneweconomiclandscape,embracedbysociologists,real-estatedevelopers,andadexecutivesalike.Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartofthe“irresistiblemomentumofindividualism”overthelastcentury.Thecommunicationsrevolution,theshiftfromabusinesscultureofstabilitytooneofmobilityandthemassentryofwomenintotheworkforcehavegreatlywreakedhavoconEuropeans’privatelives.

Europe’sneweconomicclimatehaslargelyfosteredthetrendtowardindependence.Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope’sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism.Raisedinaneraofprivatizationandincreasedconsumerchoice,today’stech-savvyworkershaveembracedafreemarketinloveaswellaseconomics.ModemEuropeansarerichenoughtoaffordtolivealone,andtemperamentallyindependentenoughtowanttodoso.

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage-twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative-darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.Butthencamealongtheideaofsingles.Theywereyoung,beautiful,strong!Now,youngpeoplewanttolivealone.

Theboomingeconomymeanspeopleareworkingharderthanever.Andthatdoesn’tleavemuchroomforrelationships.PimpiArroyo,a35-year-oldcomposerwholivesaloneinahouseinParis,sayshehasn’tgottimetogetlonelybecausehehastoomuchwork.“Ihavedeadlineswhichwouldmakelifewithsomeoneelsefairlydifficult.”OnlyanIdealWomanwouldmakehimchangehislifestyle,hesays.Kaufmann,authorofarecentbookcalled“TheSingleWomanandPrinceCharming,thinksthisfiercenewindividualismmeansthatpeopleexpectmoreandmoreofmates,sorelationshipsdon'tlastlong-iftheystartatall.Eppendorf,ablondBerlinerwithadeeptan,teachesgradeschoolinthemornings.Intheafternoonshesunbathesorsleeps,restingupforgoingdancing.Justshyof50,shesaysshe’dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,“I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife.”

1.MoreandmoreyoungEuropeansremainsinglebecause（

）.

2.WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

3.AccordingtoParagraph3,thenewestgroupofsinglesare

（

）.

4.TheauthorquotesEppendorftoshowthat

（

）.

5.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?

问题1选项

A.theyaredrivenbyanoverwhelmingsenseofindividualism

B.theyhaveenteredtheworkforceatamuchearlierage

C.theyhaveembracedabusinesscultureofstability

D.theyarepessimisticabouttheireconomicfuture

问题2选项

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmerican-stylecapitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

问题3选项

A.warmandlighthearted

B.oneithersideofmarriage

C.negativeandgloomy

D.healthyandwealthy

问题4选项

A.somemodemwomenpreferalifeofindividualfreedom

B.thefamilyisnolongerthebasicunitofsocietyinpresent-dayEurope

C.someprofessionalpeoplehavetoomuchworktodotofeellonely

D.mostEuropeansconceivelivingasinglelifeasunacceptable

问题5选项

A.Toreviewtheimpactofwomenbecominghighearners

B.Tocontemplatethephilosophyunderlyingindividualism.

C.Toexaminethetrendofyoungpeoplelivingalone.

D.Tostresstherebuildingofpersonalrelationships

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:Theshiftawayfromfamilylifetosololifestyle,observesaFrenchsociologist,ispartoftheirresistiblemomentumofindividualism"overthelastcentury(从家庭生活向独身生活方式的转变是上个世纪“不可抗拒的个人主义势头”的一部分)。故选A(他们受到强烈的个人主义意识驱使)。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thecurrentgenerationofhome-alonescameofageduringEurope'sshiftfromsocialdemocracytothesharper,moreindividualisticclimateofAmericanstylecapitalism(当代独自生活的这一代人的成长时期正是欧洲从社会民主政治过渡到更精明、更个性化的美国风格的资本主义气候的时期)。因此B项(接近美国风格的资本主义)正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第三段:Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone,thenewestcropofsinglesarehighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneasalifestylechoice(虽然领取养老金的人，特别是老年妇女，在独居者中占很大比例，但最新的单身人群是30多岁和40多岁的高收入者，他们越来越把独居视为一种生活方式选择),因此选D:最新的单身人群是healthyandwealthy(健康富有)。

4.判断推理题。由题干关键词Eppendorf定位至最后一段:shesaysshe'dneverhavewantedtodowhathermotherdid-giveupacareertoraiseafamily.Instead,I’vealwaysdonewhatIwantedtodo:liveaself-determinedlife(她从未想要去做她母亲所做的一切一一为了照顾家庭，抚育儿女而放弃事业。我已做了并一直在做想做的事：过一种自主的生活)。由此可知,A项(一些现代女性更喜欢个人自由的生活)正确。

5.作者意图题。本文主要写的是新一代的年轻人受到社会和经济的影响越来越趋向于个人独居生活，尤其是欧洲青年单身化趋势的原因。故C项(探讨年轻人独居趋势)比较能概括作者的写作目的。

5.单选题

XI.IntellectualPropertyLaw

Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.Thosesections,typicallyentitled“Limitationsonexclusiverights,”include,forexample,theprincipleof“fairuse”(107),permissionforlimitedlibraryarchivalreproduction,(108),andthedoctrineatissuehere,the“firstsale”doctrine(109).

Section109(a)setsforththe“firstsale”doctrineasfollows:“Notwithstandingtheprovisionsofsection106(3)[thesectionthatgrantstheownerexclusivedistributionrights],theownerofaparticularcopyorphonorecordlawfullymadeunderthistitle…isentitled,withouttheauthorityofthecopyrightowner,tosellorotherwisedisposeofthepossessionofthatcopyorphonorecord”,Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.

What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?Toputthemattertechnically,an“importation”provision,602(a)(1),saysthat“importationintotheUnitedStates,withouttheauthorityoftheownerofcopyrightunderthistitle,ofcopies...ofaworkthathavebeenacquiredoutsidetheUnitedStatesisaninfringementoftheexclusiverighttodistributecopies…undersection106…”Thus602(a)(1)makesclearthatimportingacopywithoutpermissionviolatestheowner’sexclusivedistributionright.Butindoingso,602(a)(1)refersexplicitlytothe106(3)exclusivedistributionright.Aswehavejustsaid,106isbyitsterms“subjectto”thevariousdoctrinesandprinciplescontainedin107through122,including109(a)’s“firstsale”limitation.Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

1.Whichwordisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“qualified”inthefirstparagraph?

2.Fromthesecondparagraph,onecanknowthatthe“firstsale”doctrine___.

3.Whatquestionistheauthoraskinginthelastparagraph?

4.Fromtheaboveparagraphs,weknowthatthestatementof___isnottrue.

问题1选项

A.restricted

B.limited

C.eligible

D.certified

问题2选项

A.permitsownerofaparticularcopytodisposeofitastheywish

B.isacopyrightjargonthatordinarypeopledonotuse

C.setslimitationtoacopyrightowner’sexclusivedistributionright

D.forbidsdistributionofacopyofthecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission

问题3选项

A.WastheHerzogprintedabroadandthensoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?

B.IsthebuyerfreetobringacopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitashe/shewishes?

C.Does602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?

D.Doesthe“firstsale”doctrineapplywhenacopyisinitiallysoldabroadwiththepermissionofthecopyrightowner?

问题4选项

A.Acopyrightowner’sdistributionrightisunlimited.

B.107through122containvariousdoctrinesandprincipleslimitingtherightsconferredby106.

C.602(a)(1)grantsacopyrightownerimportationright.

D.Copyrightsconferredby106arenotunlimited.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】1.词义辨析题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，这些权利是有限制的，这些限制将在法案接下来的107至122节中提出），根据句子中limitations“限制；局限性”可推测qualified表示“限制”，被动语态；A选项“限制；约束；限定（强调约束，这种约束大多来自法律等约束性文件）”；B选项“限制；限定（强调时间，范围，数量的限制）”；C选项“合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的”；D选项“证明；保证”。因此A选项正确

2.事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thus,eventhough106(3)forbidsdistributionofacopyof,say,thecopyrightednovelHerzogwithoutthecopyrightowner’spermission,109(a)addsthat,onceacopyofHerzoghasbeenlawfullysold(oritsownershipotherwiselawfullytransferred),thebuyerofthatcopyandsubsequentownersarefreetodisposeofitastheywish.Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（因此，即使106（3）禁止分发一份，说，这部小说版权赫尔佐格未经著作权人许可，109（a）补充道，一旦赫尔佐格的一个副本被依法出售（或其所有权否则依法转移），买方的复制和随后的所有者可以按照他们的想法自由处置它。用版权术语来说，“首次销售”已经“耗尽”了版权所有者的106（3）独家经销权）可知选C选项“对版权所有人的独家发行权设置限制”，D选项“禁止未经版权所有者的许可发行受版权保护的小说赫尔佐格的副本”属于106（3）的内容而不是“首次销售”原则，错误，同时可知A选项“允许某一特定副本的所有者按照他们的意愿处理它”错误；B选项“是一个普通人不会使用的版权术语”在第二段未提及。因此C选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干定位到最后一段What,however,ifthecopyofHerzogwasprintedabroadandtheninitiallysoldwiththecopyrightowner’spermission?Doesthe“firstsale”doctrinestillapply?IsthebuyerfreetobringthecopyintotheUnitedStatesanddisposeofitasheorshewishes?（然而，如果赫尔佐格的复制品在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的允许下最初出售，那会怎么样呢?“首次销售”原则还适用吗？买家是否可以自由地将复印件带入美国并按照他或她的意愿进行处理？）可知D选项“在版权所有人许可下，最初在国外出售副本时，‘首次出售’原则是否适用？”符合原文，同时可知A选项“《赫尔佐格》是先在国外印刷，然后在版权所有者的许可下出售的吗?”错误，B选项“买方是否可以携带一份复印件进入美国并按照他/她的意愿处理”这个问题是建立在D选项的前提上，需要有前提，而不是直接这么作为问题；最后一段最后一句Dothosesamemodificationsapply—inparticular,doesthe“firstsale”modificationapply—whenconsideringwhether602(a)(1)prohibitsimportingacopy?（当考虑602（a）（1）是否禁止进口副本时，这些相同的修改适用吗？特别是“首次销售”修改适用吗？）可知C选项“602（a）（1）”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。

4.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句Section106oftheCopyrightActgrants“theownerofcopyrightunderthistitle”certain“exclusiverights,”includingtheright“todistributecopies...ofthecopyrightedworktothepublicbysaleorothertransferofownership.”（《版权法》第106节授予“版权所有人”某些“专有权”，包括“分发副本……将受版权保护的作品出售或以其他方式转让给公众”）可知A选项“著作权人的发行权是无限的”符合原文；根据第一段第二句Theserightsarequalified,however,bytheapplicationofvariouslimitationssetforthinthenextseveralsectionsoftheAct,107through122.（然而，这些权利是有限制的，这些限制将在法案接下来的107至122节中提出）可知B选项“107至122包含限制106所赋予的权利的各种学说和原则”符合原文；根据第二段最后一句Incopyrightjargon,the“firstsale”has“exhausted”thecopyrightowner’s106(3)exclusivedistributionright.（用版权术语来说，“首次销售”已经“耗尽”了版权所有者的106（3）独家经销权）可知D选项“106授予的版权不是无限的”符合原文；C选项“602（a）（1）授予版权所有人进口权”原文未提及。因此C选项符合题意。

6.翻译题

一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

7.单选题

OneofthemostinfluentialliteraryfiguresofthetwentiethcenturywasAmericanauthor

GertrudeStein.Herliterarystyleandvisionwasoftenaradicaldeparturefromtraditionalmethods,whichreliedonamorelinearplotline.Instead,Steinfocusedonlanguageitselfbyemployingmethodsofrepetitionandspontaneityinanattempttomirrorhumanconsciousness.But,Stein’sinfluencedidnotstopwithherwriting.AsanexpatriateinParis,shewasresponsibleforbringsomeofthegreatestmindsinaitandliteraturetogetheratherapartment,Salon27.TheSpanishpainterPabloPicassoandAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayweretwofrequentvisitors.Indeed,Steinwastheonewhocoinedthephrase“LostGeneration”todenoteup-and-comingAmericanwriterslivinginParisatthetimemainlyduetotheirdisillusionmentwithartasawholebackhome.WhileGertrudeSteinmaynotbethemostrecognizablefigureinliterature,herpersonalandliteraryinfluenceonartistswasinvaluable.

SteinbeganlivinginParisin1903.Eventually,herflat.Salon27.becameacenterofintellectualexchangeforwritersandartists.Beforelong,shebecameanintegralpartoftheartisticandliterarysceneinthecityandbefriendednumerousimportantfigures,suchasPicassoandMatisse.Theywouldmeetthereweekly,wheretheycouldexpoundonnewtheoriesofart,philosophy,literature,politics,andsocialissuesinthestimulating,productiveenvironmentprovidedbyStein.WithoutStein’sSalon27,itisquitepossiblethatmanyoftheartistsandwritersofthedayneverwouldhavecrossedpaths,andtheindividualdisciplineswouldnothavebecomeasdiverseorfullydevelopedastheyeventuallydid.TheseinteractionsalsobecameamajorinlluenceonStein’sownliterarystyle.

SteinbecameenamoredwithPicasso’scubiststyle,and,asaresult,manyofhisearliestworksadornedthewallsofherapartment.Buttheywerenotsimplydecorative.Cubismattemptstoreducethesubjectfromitsnaturalformintoanabstract,geometricalshapecapableofnumerousanglesofperception.Inasimilarfashion,Steinattemptedtointerpretcubismthroughliteratureandwriting.Likecubistpainters,Steinwroteinastylethattookintoconsiderationeverypossibleangleofhersubjectmatter.Shewantedtogivereaderstheopportunitytoviewherworkonmanydifferentlevels,notjustasingle