考研考博-英语-云南师范大学商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-云南师范大学商学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Lifeisinterestingtopeoplewho（

）themselvestonewideas.

问题1选项

A.present

B.exhibit

C.expose

D.explain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:对于让自己接触新观点的人而言，生活是有意思的。

考查动词辨析。Present把…交给,颁发,授予,提出,提交;exhibit展览,陈列,展示;expose使面临,使暴露,使曝光,常与to连用表示“使接触……，使受到……的影响”;explain说明,解释。根据关键词newideas(新观点)可知C符合句意。

2.单选题

Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,assessingtheproblem,formulatingoptions,estimatinglikelihoodsofsuccess,makingadecision,andonlythentakingactiontoimplementthedecision.Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitiontomanageanetworkofinterrelatedproblemsthatrequirethemtodealwithambiguity,inconsistency,novelty,andsurprise;andtointegrateactionintotheprocessofthinking.Generationsofwritersonmanagementhaverecognizedthatsomepracticingmangersrelyheavilyonintuition.Ingeneral,however,suchwritersdisplayapoorgraspofwhatintuitionis.Someseeitastheoppositeofrationality;othersviewitasanexcuseforcapriciousness.

Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese.Rather,seniormanagersuseintuitioninatleastfivedistinctways.First,theyintuitivelysensewhenaproblemexists.Second,managersrelyonintuitiontoperformwell-learnedbehaviorpatternsrapidly.Thisintuitionisnotarbitraryorirrational,butisbasedonyearsofpainstakingpracticeandhands-onexperiencethatbuildskills.Athirdfunctionofintuitionistosynthesizeisolatedbitsofdataandpracticeintoanintegratedpicture,ofteninanAha!experience.Fourth,somemanagersuseintuitionasacheckontheresultsofmorerationalanalysis.Mostseniorexecutivesarefamiliarwiththeformaldecisionanalysismodelsandtools,andthosewhousesuchsystematicmethodsforreachingdecisionsareoccasionallyleeryofsolutionssuggestedbythesemethodswhichruncountertotheirsenseofthecorrectcourseofaction.Finally,managerscanuseintuitiontobypassin-depthanalysisandmoverapidlytoengenderaplausiblesolution.Usedinthisway,intuitionisanalmostinstantaneouscognitiveprocessinwhichamanagerrecognizesfamiliarpatterns.

Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting.Sincemanagersoftenknowwhatisrightbeforetheycananalyzeandexplainit,theyfrequentlyactfirstandexplainlater.Analysisisinextricablytiedtoactioninthinking/actingcycles,inwhichmanagersdevelopthoughtsabouttheircompaniesandorganizationsnotbyanalyzingaproblematicsituationandthenacting,butbyactingandanalyzingincloseconcert.

Giventhegreatuncertaintyofmanyofthemanagementissuesthattheyface,seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue.Oneimplicationofthinking/actingcyclesisthatactionisoftenpartofdefiningtheproblem,notjustofimplementingthesolution.

1.Accordingtothetext,seniormanagersuseintuitioninallofthefollowingwaysexceptto（

）.

2.Thetextsuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthewritersonmanagementmentionedinline1,paragraph2?

3.ItcanbereferredfromthetextthatwhichofthefollowingwouldmostprobablybeonemajordifferenceinbehaviorbetweenManagerX,whousesintuitiontoreachdecisions,andManagerY,whousesonlyformaldecisionanalysis?

4.Thetextprovidessupportforwhichofthefollowingstatements?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthefirstparagraphofthetext?

问题1选项

A.speedupofthecreationofasolutiontoaproblem.

B.identifyaproblem.

C.bringtogetherdisparatefacts.

D.stipulatecleargoals.

问题2选项

A.Theyhavecriticizedmanagersfornotfollowingtheclassicalrationalmodelofdecisionanalysis.

B.Theyhavenotbasedtheiranalysesonasufficientlylargesampleofactualmanagers.

C.Theyhavereliedindrawingtheirconclusionsonwhatmanagerssayratherthanonwhatmanagersdo.

D.Theyhavemisunderstoodhowmanagersuseintuitioninmakingbusinessdecisions.

问题3选项

A.ManagerXanalyzesfirstandthenacts;ManagerYdoesnot.

B.ManagerXcheckspossiblesolutionstoaproblembysystematicanalysis;ManagerYdoesnot.

C.ManagerXtakesactioninordertoarriveatthesolutiontoaproblem;ManagerYdoesnot.

D.ManagerYdrawsonyearsofhands-onexperienceincreatingasolutiontoaproblemsManagerXdoesnot.

问题4选项

A.Managerswhorelyonintuitionaremoresuccessfulthanthosewhorelyonformaldecisionanalysis.

B.Managerscannotjustifytheirintuitivedecisions.

C.Managers’intuitionwinkscontrarytotheirrationalandanalyticalskills.

D.Intuitionenablesmanagerstoemploytheirpracticalexperiencemoreefficiently.

问题5选项

A.Anassertionisnudeandaspecificsupportingexampleisgiven.

B.Aconventionalmodelisdismissedandanalternativeintroduced.

C.Theresultsofrecentresearchareintroducedandsummarized.

D.Twoopposingpointsofviewarepresentedandevaluated.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第二段提到高级经理们有五种方式来使用直觉：1.他们直觉得感到有问题存在；2.他们依靠直觉迅速做出训练有素的行为模式；3.利用直觉来对图片进行加工，对碎片信息进行整合；4.使用直觉来进行理性分析；5.使用直觉来避开深入的分析并立即想出一个可行的方案。选项A符合第五点，选项B符合第一点，选项C符合第三点。因此，选项D符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句Isenberg'srecentresearchonthecognitiveprocessesofseniormanagersrevealsthatmanagers’intuitionisneitherofthese提到Isenberg调查发现经理们依赖于直觉既不是理性的对立面，也不是反复无常的借口。所以选项D“这些作者误解了在做商业决定时经理们如何使用直觉”符合题意。

3.本题的题干是假设经理X使用直觉做决定，而经理Y使用正式的分析，他们最大的不同是下列哪个选项。文章倒数第二段提到直觉型经理认为思考与形容不可分割（Oneoftheimplicationsoftheintuitivestyleofexecutivemanagementisthatthinkingisinseparablefromacting）。文章最后一句提到行为只是确定问题，而不是实施方案，因此选项C符合题意。

4.文章提到直觉型的经理们认为想和做不可分割，高级经理们总是在不同的实际案例中学习更多解决问题的方法，然后利用这些实践得来的方法对问题进行更深入的了解（seniormanagersofteninstigateacourseofactionsimplytolearnmoreaboutanissue.Theythenusetheresultsoftheactiontodevelopamorecompleteunderstandingoftheissue），选项D符合题意。

5.文章第一段提到很多高级职业经理人不按照传统模式而依靠直觉（Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodelof…Rather,intheirday-by-daytacticalmaneuvers,theseseniorexecutivesrelyonwhatisvaguelytermedintuitionto），选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Euthanasiaisapracticeofmercifullyendingaperson'slifeinorderto_______thepersonfromanincurablediseaseandintolerablesuffering.

问题1选项

A.liberate

B.confine

C.release

D.apprehend

【答案】A

【解析】liberate解放,解脱;confine限制;release释放;apprehend理解,逮捕。句意：安乐死是一种仁慈地结束一个人的生命,从而使病人从不可医治的绝症和无法忍受的痛苦中解脱出来的做法。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Allthepeopleinthestadiumcheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.ascending

B.elevating

C.lifting

D.lingering

【答案】A

【解析】ascend上升；elevate提升，举起；lift提升，举起；linger徘徊。根据句意可知这里指气球慢慢上升到空中，选项A符合语境。

5.单选题

Althoughmostdreamsapparentlyhappen

,dreamactivitymaybeprovokedbyexternalinfluences.

问题1选项

A.spontaneously

B.instantly

C.automatically

D.simultaneously

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。spontaneously“自发地；自然地”；instantly“立即地”；automatically“自动地”；simultaneously“同时地”。根据关键信息externalinfluence“外部影响”，可判断空格处应该填入一个与之相反的词，因此选项A符合题意。句意：虽然大多数梦都是自然发生，但是梦的活动可能由外部影响引起的。

6.单选题

Inhernovelof“Reunion,AmericanStyle”,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion“ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?”

Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.AccordingtoastudyconductedbysocialpsychologistJackSparacino,theoverwhelmingmajoritywhoattendreunionsaren'tthereinvidiouslytocomparetheirrecentaccomplishmentswiththoseoftheirformerclassmates.Instead,theyhope,primarily,torelivetheirearliersuccesses.

Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattenD.Forthosewhoturnedupattheirreunions,then,theoldtimeswerealsothegoodtimes!

ItwouldappearthatAmericanshaveaspecialfondnessforreunions,judgingbytheirprevalence.Majorleaguebaseballplayers,fraternitymembers,veteransgroups,highschoolandcollegegraduates,andformerBoyScoutsallholdreunionsonaregularbasis.Inaddition,familyreunionsfrequentlyattractbloodrelativesfromfarawayplaceswhospendconsiderablemoneyandtimetoreunite.

Actually,intheiraffectionforreunitingwithfriends,familyorcolleagues,Americansareprobablynodifferentfromanyotherpeople,exceptthatAmericanshavecreatedamind-bogglingnumberandvarietyofinstitutionalizedformsofgatheringstofacilitatethesatisfactionofthisdesire.Indeed,reunionshaveincreasinglybecomeformaleventsthatareorganizedonaregularbasisand,intheprocess,theyhavealsobecomebigbusiness.

ShellNorrisofClassReunion,Inc.,saysthatChicagoalonehas1,500highschoolreunionseachyear.Aconservativeestimateonthenationallevelwouldbe10,000annually.Atonetime,allhighschoolreunionswereorganizedbyvolunteers,usuallyfemalehomemakers.Inthelastfewyears,however,asmoreandmorewomenhaveenteredthelabourforce,alumnireunionsareincreasinglybeingplannedbyspecializedcompaniesratherthanbypart-timevolunteers.

ThefirstcollegereunionwasheldbythealumniofYaleUniversityin1792.GraduatesofPennsylvania,Princeton,Stanford,andBrownfollowedsuit.Andbytheendofthe19thcentury,most4-yearinstitutionswereholdingalumnireunions.

Thevarietyofcollegereunionsisimpressive.AtPrinceton,alumniparadethroughthetownwearingtheirclassuniformsandsingingtheiralmamater.AtMariettaCollege,theygatherforadinner-danceonasteamshipcruisingtheOhioRiver.

Clearly,thethoughtofcruisingonasteamshipormarchingthroughthestreetsisusuallynot,byitself,sufficientreasonforlargenumbersofalumnitoreturntocampus.Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.Inanefforttoenhancethiscommonidentity,largercollegesanduniversitiesfrequentlybuildtheirclassreunionsonparticipationinsmallerunits,suchasdepartmentsorschools.Ortheyencourage“affinityreunions”forgroupsofformercheerleaders,editors,fraternitymembers,musicians,membersofmilitaryorganizationsoncampus,andthelike.

Ofcourse,noteveryalumnusisfondofhisorheralmamater.Studentswhograduatedduringthelate1960smaybeespeciallyreluctanttogetinvolvedinalumnievents.Theywerepartofthegenerationthatconductedsit-insandteach-insdirectedatuniversityadministrators,protestedmilitaryrecruitmentoncampusandmarchedagainst“establishmentpolitics.”Ifthisgenerationhasacommonidentity,itmayfalloutsideoftheiruniversityties—orevenbehostiletothem.Evenastheyentertheirmiddleyears,alumniwhocontinuetoholdunpleasantmemoriesofcollegeduringthisperiodmaynotwishtoattendclassreunions.

1.Accordingtothepassage,Sparacino'sstudy___.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasadistinctfeatureofU.S.classreunions?

3.Whatmainlyattractsmanypeopletoreturntocampusforreunion?

4.Therhetoricalfunctionofthefirstparagraphisto___.

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

问题1选项

A.providedstrongevidenceforJaffe’sstatement

B.showedthatattendeestendedtoexcelinhighschoolstudy

C.foundthatinterestinreunionswaslinkedwithschoolexperience

D.foundevidenceforattendees'intensedesireforshowingoffsuccess

问题2选项

A.U.S.classreunionsareusuallyoccasionstoshowoffone’srecentsuccess

B.Reunionsareregularandformaleventsorganizedbyprofessionalagencies

C.Classreunionshavebecomeaprofitablebusiness

D.Classreunionshavebroughtaboutavarietyofactivities

问题3选项

A.Thevarietyofactivitiesforclassreunion

B.Thespecialstatustheiruniversityenjoys

C.Sharedexperiencebeyondthecampus

D.Sharedundergraduateexperienceoncampus

问题4选项

A.introduceRonaJaffe’snovel

B.presenttheauthor’scounterargument

C.serveaspreludetotheauthor’sargument

D.bringintofocuscontrastingopinions

问题5选项

A.AhistoricalperspectiveforalumnireunionsintheUnitedStates

B.Reasonsforpopularityandattendanceforalumnireunions

C.AlumnireunionsandAmericanuniversitytraditions

D.Alumnireunionanditssocialandeconomicimplications

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Sparacino'sstudy”可以定位到文章第三段中“Inhisstudy,Sparacinofoundthat,ashighschoolstudents,attendeeshadbeenmorepopular,moreoftenregardedasattractive,andmoreinvolvedinextracurricularactivitiesthanthoseclassmateswhochosenottoattend.”，中文翻译为：在他的研究中，斯帕拉奇诺发现，作为高中生，参加者比那些选择不参加的同学更受欢迎，更常被视为有吸引力，更多地参与课外活动。可以得知B选项“表明参与者往往在高中学习中表现优异”正确。

2.细节事实题。由A选项“美国的班级聚会通常是炫耀自己最近成功的机会。”可以定位到原文第三段“Certainly,afewreturntoshowtheirformerclassmateshowwelltheyhavedone;othersenjoyobservingthechangesthathaveoccurredintheirclassmates(notalwaysinthemselves,ofcourse).Butthemajoritywhoattendtheirclassreunionsdosotorelivethegoodtimestheyrememberhavingwhentheywereyounger.”，中文翻译为：当然，也有一些人回来向他们以前的同学展示他们做得多么好；还有一些人喜欢观察他们同学身上发生的变化（当然，他们自己并不总是这样）。但大多数参加班级聚会的人都是为了重温年轻时的美好时光。因此可知A选项错误，符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段“Alumniwhodecidetoattendtheirreunionsshareacommonidentitybasedontheyearstheyspenttogetherasundergraduates.Forthisreason,universitiesthatsomehowestablishacommonbond—forexample,becausetheyarerelativelysmallorespeciallyprestigious—tendtodrawsubstantialnumbersoftheiralumnitoreunions.”，中文翻译为：决定参加校友聚会的校友们都有一个共同的身份，这个身份基于他们在一起度过的大学生时代。出于这个原因，那些以某种方式建立了共同纽带的大学——例如，因为它们规模相对较小或特别有声望——往往会吸引大量校友参加聚会。可知B

选项“他们大学享有的特殊地位”正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Inhernovelof‘Reunion,AmericanStyle’,RonaJaffesuggeststhataclassreunion‘ismorethanasentimentaljourney.Itisalsoawayofansweringthequestionthatliesatthebackofnearlyallourminds.DidtheydobetterthanI?’”中文翻译为：在她的小说《美国风格的重聚》中，罗娜•贾菲暗示，一次班级聚会“不仅仅是一次感伤的旅程。这也是一种回答隐藏在我们所有人内心深处的问题的方式。他们比我做得好吗?”。以及原文第二段“Jaffe’sobservationmaybemisplacedbutnotcompletelylost.”，中文翻译为：贾菲的观察也许放错了地方，但并不是完全没有意义。判断出C选项“作为作者论证的前奏。”正确。

5.主旨大意题。通读全文判断出答案为A选项“美国校友聚会的历史视角”，D选项“校友聚会及其对社会和经济的影响。”属于文章第四段、第五段内容，B选项“受欢迎和出席校友聚会的原因。”属于文章第二段、第三段的内容，C选项“校友聚会和美国大学传统。”属于文章第六段、第七段、第八段、第九段的内容。

7.单选题

TheBritishhistorianNiallFergusonspeculatedthattheendofAmerican_______mightnotfuelanorderlyshifttoamultipolarsystem.

问题1选项

A.domain

B.hegemony

C.sovereignty

D.preference

【答案】B

【解析】domain领地,领域;hegemony霸权;sovereignty主权,君主;preference偏爱,优先权。句意：英国历史学家NiallFerguson推测,美国霸权主义的终结可能不会推动美国向多极体系的有序转变。

选项B符合句意。

8.单选题

Allhisplanforstartinghisownbusinessfell（）.

问题1选项

A.in

B.through

C.down

D.away

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项fellin“塌陷，跌入，集合，到期”；B选项fellthrough“落空，失败”；C选项felldown“跌倒，倒塌”；D选项fellaway“消失，背离，离开，疏失”。句意：他所有的创业计划全落空（告吹）了。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe"actingarea"andthe"auditorium".Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect——successinhuntorballet,thecoiningrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Anappropriatetitleofthepassagewouldbe（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheaterandritual?

3.Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

问题1选项

A."TheOriginsofTheater"

B.“TheRoleofRitualinModernDance"

C."TheImportanceofStorytelling"

D."TheWietyofEarlyReligiousActivities"

问题2选项

A.Dance.

B.Magic.

C.Music.

D.Costumes.

问题3选项

A.Nooneissureabouttheoriginoftheater.

B.Mythsweretheultimateoriginofdrama.

C.Storytellingisanimportantpartofdrama.

D.Allreligionscamefromritualactivities.

问题4选项

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandramadoes.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章前两段介绍了广泛为人接受的理论-——戏剧起源于宗教仪式。最后一段还介绍了另外两种有关戏剧起源的理论——认为戏剧源自人们对叙述故事的兴趣，和认为可以将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈。故A项“戏剧的起源”比较适合作文章标题。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused(认为戏剧从仪式演化而来的人们还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的基本因素，因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用),因此B项“魔术”不是戏剧和仪式的基本因素。

3.判断推理题。A:没有人能确定戏剧的起源,B:神话是戏剧的最终起源,第一段指出:TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual(有很多关于古希腊戏剧起源的理论。其中今天最广泛为人接受的理论是基于戏剧起源于宗教仪式的假设),由此可知A项正确,B项不正确。C:讲故事是戏剧的一个重要部分,最后一段指出:Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling(另一个追溯戏剧起源的理论认为它来自人们对叙述故事的兴趣),由此可知C项和原文并不相符。D:所有的宗教起源于宗教仪式活动,文章并未提及。故此题选A。

4.细节事实题。倒数第二段指出:此外，还有表演者，因为在仪式的制定中避免犯错误是相当重要的，宗教领袖通常承担这个任务。他们戴着面具，穿着戏服，经常模仿其他人、动物或超自然的生物，模仿演员所期望的效果——成功模仿狩猎或芭蕾，无论晴天或雨天。这种戏剧性的表现最终与宗教活动分离开来。由此可看出D项“宗教仪式有一个宗教目的，而戏剧没有”正确。

10.单选题

Theyarelookingforsomewayto（）theirappetite.

问题1选项

A.satiate

B.apply

C.strengthen

D.sustain

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项satiate“充分满足；使厌腻”；B选项apply“申请；涂，敷；适用”；C选项strengthen“加强；巩固”；D选项sustain“维持；支撑，承担”。句意：他们正在寻找填饱肚子的方法。此题选A，可以把“satiateappetite”理解为“填饱肚子”。

11.翻译题

(1).Whenwetalkaboutthedangerofromanticlove,wedon'tmeandangerintheobviousheartbreakway—thecheapbetrayals,thebrokenpromises—wemeanthedarkdangerthatlurkswhensensible,educatedwomenfallforthedogmaticideathatromanticloveistheultimategoalforthemodernfemale.Everyday,thousandsoffilms,books,articlesandTVprogramshammerhomethismessage—thatwithoutromance,lifeissomehowbarren.

However,therearewomenwhoentertainthesubversivenotion,likeanintellectualmousescratchingbehindtheskirtingboard,thatperhapsthishigherloveisnotnecessarilythecelestialhighwaytoabsolutehappiness.(2).Theirempiricalsidekicksin.andtheyobservethatcoupleswhomarryinahazeofadorationandsexare,tenyearslater,throwingchinaandfightbitterlyoverwhogetsthedog.

(3).Butthewomenwhonoticethesecontradictionsareoftenafraidtospeakthemincasetheyshouldbelabeledcynics.Surelyonlythemostjadedanddamagedwouldchallengetheorthodoxyofromanticlove.Thereceivedwisdomthatthereisnotsomethingwrongwiththemodernideaofsexualloveasultimatepanacea,but(hatifyoudon'tgetit,thereissomethingwrongwithyou.Youfreak,gobackandreadthelabel.(4).Wesaytheprivilegingofromanticloveoverallothers,theinsistencethatitistheoneessential,incontrovertibleelementofhumanhappiness,tracedallthewaybacktothecaves,isatrapandasnare.Theideathateveryhumanheart,sincetheinventionofthewheel,wasyearningforitsotherhalfisamyth.

(5).Loveisahumanconstant:itistheinterpretationofitthatchanges.Thewaythatlovehasbeenexpressed,itssignificanceindailylife,haveneverbeenimmutableorconstant.Thedifferentkindsofloveandwhattheysignifyarenotfixed,whateverthetraditionalistsmayliketotellyou.

Sothemodernideathatromanticloveisawoman'shighestcalling,thatsheissomehowonlyhalfapersonwithoutit,thatifshequestionsitsheisgoingagainstallhumanhistory,doesnotstanduptoscrutiny.Itisnotanimperativecarvedinstone;itisahumanidea,andhumanbeingsarefrailandsuggestible,andsometimesgetthewrongendofthestick.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.当说到浪漫爱情的危险时,我们并不是指显而易见令人心碎的危险一可耻的背叛、破碎的誓言——而是指当明智的知识女性对教条主义思想信以为真,即浪漫的爱情是现代女性的终极目标时,潜伏着的隐秘危险。

2.她们的阅历经验开始发挥作用,她们注意到,出于爱慕和性而结婚的夫妻十年以后却在互相摔碗,为生活中一点小事而大打出手。

3.然而,观察到这些反差的女性往往很怕谈论这些,生怕被他人冠以愤世嫉俗之名。当然,只有那些最厌倦、受伤最深的女性才会挑战浪漫爱情的正统地位。

4.我们认为：赋予浪漫爱情特权使其凌驾于一切之上,并强调爱情是构成人类幸福一个基本的、无可争议的要素,即便追溯到洞穴社会,这也是一种圈套和陷阱。

5.爱情是人类不变的追求;改变的只是对爱情的阐释。爱情的表达方式以及它在日常生活的意义从来都不是永恒不变或始终如一的。

12.单选题

ThebiggestproblemfacingChileasitpromotesitselfasatouristdestinationtobereckonedwith,isthatitisattheendoftheearth.Itistoofarsouthtobeaconvenientstoponthewaytoanywhereelseandismuchfartherthanarelativelycheaphalf-dayflightawayfromthebigtouristmarkets,unlikeMexico,forexample.Chile,therefore,isfightinghardtoattracttourists,toconvincetravelersthatitisworthcominghalfwayroundtheworldtovisit.ItissucceedinginexistingmarketsliketheUSAandWesternEuropebutnotinnewterritories,inparticulartheFarEast.Marketsclosertohome,however,arenotbeingforgotten.Morethan50%ofvisitorstoChilestillcomefromitsnearestneighbor,Argentina,wherethecostoflivingismuchhigher.

LikeallSouthAmericancountries,Chileseestourismasavaluableearnerofforeigncurrency,althoughithasbeenfarmoreseriousthanmostinpromotingitsimageabroad.Relativelystablepoliticallywithintheregion,ithasbenefitedfromtheproblemssufferedinotherareas.InPeru,guerrillawarfareinrecentyearshasdealtaheavyblowtothetouristindustryandfearofstreetcrimeinBrazilhasreducedtheattractionofRiodeJaneiroasadreamdestinationforforeigners.Morethan150,000peoplearedirectlyinvolvedinChilestouristsector,anindustrywhichearnsthecountrymorethanUS$950millioneachyear.Thestate-runNationalTourismService,inpartnershipwithanumberofprivatecompanies,iscurrentlyrunningaworldwidecampaign,takingpartintradefairsandinternationaleventstoattractvisitorstoChile.Chile’sgreatstrengthasatouristdestinationisitsgeographicaldiversity.FromtheparchedAtacamaDesertinthenorthtotheAntarcticsnowfieldsofthesouth,itismorethan5,000kmlong.WiththePacificononesideandtheAndeanmountainsontheother,Chileboastsnaturalattractions.ItsbeachesarenotuptoCaribbeanstandardsbutresortssuchasVinadelMararcgenerallycleanandunspoiltandhaveahighstandardofservices.ButthetrumpcardistheAndesmountainrange.

Thereareanumberofexcellentskiresortswithinonehour'sdriveofthecapital,Santiago,andthenationalparksinthesoutharehometorareanimalandplantspecies.Theparksalreadyattractspecialist,visitors,includingmountaineers,whocometoclimbthetechnicallydifficultpeaks,andfishermen,luredbythesalmonandtroutintheregion'srivers.However,infrastructuraldevelopmentintheseareasislimited.TheskiresortsdonothaveasmanyliftsastheirEuropeancounterpartsandpartpoorqualityofroadsinthesouthmeansthatonlythemostdeterminedtravelersseethebestofthenationalparks.AirlinksbetweenChileandtherestoftheworldare,atpresent,relativelypoor.WhileChile'stwolargestairlineshaveextensivenetworkswithinSouthAmerica,theyoperateonlyasmallnumberofroutestotheUSandEuropewhileservicestoAsiaarealmostnon-existent.Internaltransportlinksarebeingimprovedandluxuryhotelsarebeingbuiltinoneofitsnationalparks.NorisdevelopmentbeingrestrictedtotheAndes.EasterIslandandChile'sAntarcticTerritoryarealsoonthelistofareaswheretheGovernmentbelievesitcancreatetouristmarkets.Buttherushtoopenhithertoinaccessibleareastomasstourismisnotbeingwelcomedbyeveryone.Indigenousandenvironmentalgroups,includingGreenpeace,saythatmanypartsoftheAndeswillsufferiftheybecomeover-developed.

ThereisagenuinefearthatareasofChilewillsuffertheculturaldestructionwitnessedinMexicoandEuropeanresorts.ThepolicyofopeningupAntarcticatotourismisalsopoliticallysensitive.Chilealreadyhaspermanentsettleme