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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京劳动保障职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans().

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether().

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause().

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis().

问题1选项

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

问题2选项

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

问题3选项

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

问题4选项

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

问题5选项

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:语义题。根据题干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人们对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少,越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”),由此可知tietheknot指“结婚”,因此D项正确。

第2题:判断推理题。A:夫妻能牢固他们的爱情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一种积极的经历,日后会巩固婚姻,但也可以是结束一段关系的事情)。因此A项不正确。B:夫妻可以了解谁更擅长做家务。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通过同居,夫妻可以解决这些责任分配的不平衡…),此说法并不能推断出B项,因此B项错误。C:夫妻能为他们的婚姻存一些钱。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居,他们会互相依赖对方的储蓄和消费方式。通过削减开支,人们不仅学会了如何控制每个人的钱袋,而且学会了如何相互讨论财务问题)。由此可知C项不正确。D:一对夫妻可以亲密地了解彼此。根据题干关键词livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起,就很难亲密地了解对方),因此D项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不道德的,但事实上,夫妻们正在通过同居来扩展关系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居不合适,但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择)。由此可知A项“不道德也不合适”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:与过去相比,现在人们更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(对婚前同居的禁忌正在减少,越来越多的人在同居几个月甚至几年后说“我愿意”)。因此A项正确。B:家务琐事会给婚姻带来麻烦。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如,家务责任的划分可能是新婚夫妇的一个大事)。因此B项正确。C:爱是美满婚姻的保证。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使两个人彼此相爱,喜欢共度时光,但真正的问题是,你们能一起生活吗?)。因此C项与原文不符且过于绝对。D:新婚夫妇经常面临许多生活不平衡的问题。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(这似乎是一个小问题,但是有多少女人和男人从来没有想过他们会是唯一做饭、洗碗、吸尘、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除尘等的人)。因此D项正确。

第5题:观点态度题。体现作者观点态度的句子可参考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(虽然有些人认为婚前同居是不合适的,但这是每个人都应该尊重的选择),因此B项“婚前同居是一个应该被尊重的选择”正确。

2.单选题

Sincethetwocountriescouldn’t(

)theirdifferences,theydecidedtodeclarewaroneachother.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign“辞职,放弃”;renew“更新”;recover“恢复”;restore“恢复,还原”。

句意:由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处,他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistory,andcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections.OrinKen;alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasadigitalnecessityoflifeinthe20th:Thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.

1.TheSupremeCourtwillworkoutwhether,duringanarrest,itislegitimateto(

).

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardCalifornia’sargumentisoneof

).

3.Theauthorbelievesthatexploringone’sphonecontentiscomparableto

).

4.InParagraph5,theauthorshowshisconcernthat

).

5.OrinKerr’scomparisonisquotedtoindicatetha(

).

问题1选项

A.searchforsuspects’mobilephoneswithoutawarrant

B.checksuspects5phonecontentswithoutbeingauthorized

C.preventsuspectsfromdeletingtheirphonecontents

D.prohibitsuspectsfromusingtheirmobilephones

问题2选项

A.tolerance

B.indifference

C.disapproval

D.cautiousness

问题3选项

A.gettingintoone'sresidence

B.handingone’shistoricalrecords

C.scanningone’scorrespondences

D.goingthroughone’swallet

问题4选项

A.principlesarehardtobeclearlyexpressed

B.thecourtisgivingpolicelessroomforaction

C.phonesareusedtostoresensitiveinformation

D.citizens’privacyisnoteffectivelyprotected

问题5选项

A.TheConstitutionshouldbeimplementedflexibly

B.NewtechnologyrequiresreinterpretationoftheConstitution

C.California’sargumentviolatesprinciplesoftheConstitution

D.PrinciplesoftheConstitutionshouldneverbealtere

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出:TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest(美国最高法院现在将会考虑警察在没有搜查证的情况下是否可以对被逮捕人员手边的手机内容进行搜查),由此可知B项“在没有授权的情况下检查嫌疑犯的手机内容”正确。

2.观点态度题。第四段指出:TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse(他们(即法官们)应该从抛弃加州站不住脚的论点(即例如仔细查阅有着大量数字信息的智能手机内容与仔细检查嫌疑犯的钱包类似)开始),由此可推知作者对加州论点是不赞成的,故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词exploringone’sphonecontent定位至第四段中:Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome(但是仔细查阅一个人的手机更像进入他或她的住宅)。因此A项“进入—个人的住宅”正确。

4.判断推理题。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(颠覆性的新技术有时要求宪法保护的新应用)。...theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.……(现在他们应该解决第四条修正案如何适用于数字信息)。因此D项“公民的隐私没有有效地被保护”正确。

5.判断推理题。第五段指出:New,disruptivetechnologysometimesdemandsnovelapplicationsoftheConstitution’sprotections(颠覆性的新技术有时要求宪法保护的新应用),由此可推知B项“新技术要求重新解释宪法”正确。

4.单选题

Fromthelivingroomandfamilyautotothesupermarketandoffice,it'simpossibletoescapetheelectronicrevolutionthatis()thewaypeopleliveandwork.

问题1选项

A.resuming

B.transforming

C.preparing

D.seeking

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。resuming重新开始,继续;transforming转化,转变;preparing准备;seeking寻找,谋求。句意:从起居室和家用汽车到超市和办公室,人们不可能逃脱正在改变人们生活和工作方式的电子革命。选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Agoodwayto()alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

问题1选项

A.require

B.inquire

C.acquire

D.enquire

【答案】C

【解析】近义词辨析。根据句意可知,这里指学会一门语言。acquire指获得某物或习得某一技能,所以选项C正确。

6.填空题

Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.Burningupfuels,wepumpedagreatdealofgreenhousegasesintotheair,alteringthechemistryoftheatmosphereandwarmingtheplanetinjustafewdecades.Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimate(灵长类)todisappearinmorethan100years.

Atthestartofthe21stcenturytherewereunmistakablesignsthatnaturewasbeginningtotakeitsrevenge.Meltingiceinbothpolesoftheearthsuggestedthattheclimatewaschangingrapidly.Weatherwasevenmorechangeablethanusual;givingsomeplacestoolittlerainandotherstoomuch.FiresracedacrossthedriedAmericanWestlastsummer,andrecentstormsspreaddamagesfromBritaintoChina.Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.Othersadsignsfromanoverburdenedplanetincludefallinggrainandfishharvestsandfiercercompetitionforscarcewatersupplies.

Buttherewerealso,intheyear2000,signsofgreatawareness.ConnectedbytheInternet,hundredsofmillionspeoplegatheredforthe30thanniversaryofEarthDay,GovernmentsfromWashingtontoLimatookstepstoprotectthelargewildareasfromdevelopment.Progresswasmadetowardusingmorerenewableenergyfromthewindandthesun,andnewcarsthatusedbothgasolineandelectricityshowedfuel-economystatistics.

Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainable(可持续的)development”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.

Mark“T”forTrueor“F”forFalseontheAnswerSheet.

____1.Speciesofanimalsandplantsareincreased.

____2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscarcewatersuppliesaredirectlycausedbythelargerpopulation.

____3.Humanitybuiltmanydamsinthepastcentury.

____4.Thephrase“sustainabledevelopment”inthelastparagraphprobablymeansthateconomicdevelopmentwillmakefulluseofnaturalresources.

____5.Themainpurposeoftheauthoristomakeusawareoftheimportanceofenvironmentprotection.

【答案】F

F

T

F

T

【解析】1.定位到第一段Andasourpopulationbegantheyear2000abovethe6billionmark,stillspreadingacrossthecontinents,dozensofanimalandplantspeciesweredyingouteveryday,includingthefirstprimatetodisappearinmorethan100years.(当我们的人口在2000年开始时超过了60亿,仍然遍布各大洲,每天都有几十种动物和植物灭绝,包括100多年来第一个灭绝的灵长类动物。)可以看得出动植物物种都在减少,因此题干错误。

2.定位到第二段Nospecificeventcouldbedirectlyblamedonglobalwarming,floodsanddroughtwillbemorefrequent—andsevere.(没有特定的事件可以直接归咎于全球变暖,洪水和干旱将会更频繁和严重。)可以看出目前并没有证据证明是人口增多引起的,因此题干错误。

3.定位到第一段Throughoutthepastcenturyhumanitydideverythinginitspowertocontrolnature.Wedammedearth’srivers,choppeddowntheforestsandexhaustedthesoils.(在过去的一个世纪里,人类尽其所能控制自然。我们在河流上筑坝,砍伐森林,耗尽土壤。)通过这句话可以得出题干是正确的。

4.定位到最后一段Thegoalforthenewcenturyis“sustainabledevelopment”.Isthatpossible?Itdependsonhowwellweunderstandthathumanityispartofnature,notlordandmaster.(新世纪的目标是“可持续发展”。这有可能吗?这取决于我们对人类是自然的一部分,而不是主人的理解程度。)因此可以看出,可持续发展指的并不是题干所说的“经济发展将充分利用自然资源”,而是人类要意识到自己要和大自然共同发展,因此题干错误。

5.根据全文来看,作者一直都是在说明现在环境的恶劣,以及人类的责任重大,需要和自然好好相处,因此作者的意图就是希望大家重视环境保护问题。题干表达正确。

7.单选题

Veryfewexpertshave(

)withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

问题1选项

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。cometo想起;comearound苏醒,恢复知觉;cameupwith提出,想出;comeon开始,加油。句意:极少数的专家想出了对这个世界经济问题的新答案。只有C项能和with搭配,comeupwith提出,想出。答案C

8.翻译题

Itwasableak,rainyday,andIhadnodesiretodriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn’shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIcomeandseesomethingatthetopofthemountain.

Turningdownanarrowtrack,weparkedthecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblackgreenevergreenstoweredover.Graduallythepeaceandsilenceoftheplacebegantofillmymind.Thenweturnedacorner—andIstoppedandgaspedinamazement.

Fromthetopofthemountain,slopingforseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleyswereriversofdaffodilsinradiantbloom.Aprofusionofcolor—fromthepalestivorytothedeepestlemontothemostvividsalmon—blazedlikeacarpetbeforeus.Itlookedasthoughthesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.

Ariotofquestionsfilledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?Why?How?

Asweapproachedthehomethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasign:ANSWERSTOTHEQUESTIONSIKNOWYOUAREASKING.Thefirstanswerwas:ONEWOMAN—TWOHANDS,TWOFEETANDVERYLITTLEBRAIN.Thesecondwas:ONEATATIME.Thethird:STARTEDIN1958.

Aswedrovehome,IwassomovedbywhatwehadseenthatIcouldscarcelyspeak.“Shechangedtheworld,”Ifinallysaid,“onebulbatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofanidea,butshekeptatit.”Thewonderofitwouldnotletmego.“Imagine,”Isaid,“ifI’dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmighthaveIaccomplished?”

【答案】【参考译文】凄风细雨,山路蜿蜒,我毫无兴致驱车前往女儿卡罗琳的家。可女儿一定要我前去看看山顶上的景致。

转过一条狭窄的小道我们停下车出来,沿着铺满厚厚一层松针的小路走去。头顶上高大的墨绿色常青树耸入云霄。渐渐地这地方的平和宁静开始令我陶醉。然后我们拐了个弯,我停下了脚步,惊诧不已。

从山顶往下好几英亩的山坡上,满是怒放的水仙花,犹如江河直下,越过山坳,穿过峡谷,一片五彩缤纷:有洁净无比的象牙白,有极其浓郁的柠檬黄,有鲜艳夺目的鲑鱼橙,如同一幅地毯展现在我们而前,令人眼花缭乱。仿佛太阳倾翻了,把一片金光溢泻到了山坡上。

一大堆问题在我的脑海中翻腾。谁创造了这种美景?为什么要创造?又是如何创造的?

我们走近这块宝地中央的屋子,只见一块牌子上写着:我知道你要问的问题,答案如下。答案一:一位妇女,一双手,两只脚,而且天资不高。答案二:一次种一株。答案三:开始于1958年。

驱车回家的路上,我为所见的一切感动不已,无言以对。“她改造了世界,”我终于说道。“一次种一株。她几乎40年前就开始了。当时也许只是一念之闪,但她持之以恒。”这一奇观令我回味良久。“试想,”我说道,“如果我有一个梦想,并为之努力,每天干一点,最后我会做出怎样的成绩呢?”

9.单选题

Thetestsshowtheearlierinlifeapersonhearsasoundthelongeritis______.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.preserved

C.remained

D.reserved

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.retained保留B.preserved保护

C.remained保持;停留D.reserved保留;贮备

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子,it指的是sound,根据longer可知,此处是说声音保留的时间越长,retain的牛津释义是tocontinuetohold(继续保持),该题选择A项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

B项不符合句意;

C项侧重保持一种状态或条件不变;

D项侧重保留某种权利。

【句意】测试表明,一个人在生活中听到声音的越早,它保留的时间就越长。

10.单选题

TheHomesteadActof1862()toacquirelandatasmallcost.

问题1选项

A.madepossible

B.madeitpossible

C.madethepossibility

D.possiblymade

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定句式。Sb./sth.makeitpossibletodosth.是固定句式,表示某人/某事使……成为可能,即it为形式宾语,todo为真正宾语。因此B项正确。句意:1862年的《宅地法》使以小成本获得土地成为可能。

11.问答题

Theyearsbetween1870and1895broughtenormouschangestothetheaterintheUnitedStatesastheresidentcompanywasunderminedbytouringgroups,asNewYorkbecametheonlymajorcenterofproduction,andasthelongrunreplacedtherepertory(库存)system.By1870,theresidentstockcompanywasatthepeakofitsdevelopmentintheUnitedStates.The50permanentcompaniesof1870,however,haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company(thatis,onethattravelswithstarsandfullcompany).Sendingoutacompleteproductionwasmerelyalogicalextensionoftouringbystars.Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswerealreadytakingalongasmallgroupoflesserplayers,fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

Thereismuchdisagreementabouttheoriginofthecombinationcompany.Bouciaultclaimedtohaveinitiateditaround1860whenhesentoutatroupewithColleenBawn,butabookpublishedin1859speaksofcombinationcompaniesasalreadyestablished.JosephJeffersonⅢalsodeclaredthathewasapioneerinthemovement.Inactuality,thepracticeprobablybegantentativelyduringthe1850’s,onlytobeinterruptedbytheCivilWar.Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany,butnoscenery,ontour;in1876,RoseMichelwassentoutwithfullcompany,scenery,andproperties.Bytheseasonof1876—1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.

81.Whatwasthetrendfortheresidentstockcompaniesattheendofthe19thcentury?

82.Accordingtothepassage,themajorreasonforthedeclineoftheresidentstockcompanieswas

83.Whydidmanyimportantactorsjoinsomeminorplayersin1840’s?

84.Accordingtothepassage,thedevelopmentoffulltouringcompanieswasaidedby

85.WhyisLawrenceBarrenttmentionedinthepassage?

【答案】81.Theydeclined/dwindledgraduallyandalmostdisappearedby1900.

82.Themajorreasonwastheriseofthe“combination”company.

83.Fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.

84.Railwaysystem

85.Heservedasanexampleofthedevelopmentoffullcompanyandhetookanearlycombinationcompanyontour.

【解析】81.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第三句…haddwindledto20by1878,to8by1880,to4by1887,andhadalmostdisappearedby1900.(到1878年减少到20个,到1880年减少到8个,到1887年减少到4个,到1900年几乎消失)可知答案。

82.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题:居民股票公司衰落的主要原因。定位到文章第一段第四句Whilethecausesofthischangearenumerous,probablythemostimportantwastheriseofthe“combination”company.(虽然造成这种变化的原因很多,但最重要的可能是美国经济的崛起“联合”公司)可知答案。

83.【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段最后Bythe1840’smanymajoractorswere…fortheycouldnotbesurethatlocalcompaniescouldsupplyadequatesupportinsecondaryroles.(到了18世纪40年代,许多主要的行动者已经开始与一小部分较小的行动者合作,因为他们不能确定当地公司是否能够在次要的领域提供足够的支持)可知答案。

84.【试题解析】细节事实题。问题:为什么许多重要的演员在1840年加入了一些次要的角色?定位到文章倒数第三句Itmushroomedinthe1870’s,astherapidexpansionoftherailwaysystemmadeitincreasinglyfeasibletotransportfullproductions.(它如雨后春笋般出现在19世纪70年代,因为铁路系统的迅速扩张使得运输全部产品变得越来越可行。)可知答案。

85.【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段首句可知,本段主旨是关于合并公司的起源。定位到文章最后两句In1872,LawrenceBarretttookhiscompany…(1872年,劳伦斯•巴雷特接管了他的公司…);Bytheseasonof1876-1877therewerenearly100combinationcompaniesontheroad,andby1886therewere282.(到1876年至1877年的这个季节,有近100家联合公司,到1886年有282家),由此可知是在举关于combinationcompanyontour的例子,而且根据文意可知LawrenceBarrett接手了早期的合并公司。

12.单选题

Nooneisso___asthepersonwhohasnowishtolearn.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.ignorant

C.useless

D.simple

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sensible“明智的;通情达理的;合乎情理的;意识到的;能感觉到的”;B选项ignorant“无知的;愚昧的”;C选项useless“无用的;无效的”;D选项simple“简单的;单纯的;天真的”。句意:没有人比不愿学习的人更___。本句表达“比不愿意学习的人更无知”,因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Inadditiontocurricula,programs,andcomprehensivesupportservices,schools(

)sexistbias,harassment,andviolence,soanumberofschooldistrictsandstatesarecurrentlyadoptingsexualharassmentpolicies.

问题1选项

A.havetomakeafinalstandfor

B.mustmakeanunequivocalstandagainst

C.havetoadoptafirmstandto

D.mustkeepanunambiguousstandover

【答案】B

【解析】考查情态动词与词组辨析。句意:除了课程项目,和全面的支持服务之外,学校……性别歧视的偏见,骚扰,和暴力,所以很多学区和州目前采用性骚扰政策。must比起haveto更有紧迫性,学校从主观方面来说有必要和义务应对这些问题,因此排除A和C。standagainst“反对;抵抗”;standover“延期;监督”,从句意判断应选择B选项。

14.填空题

Thisafternoonwe’remeetingwith(1)E.U.environmentalofficialandsomeAustralianspecialiststotalkabouthowto(2)groundwaterpollutionintheTianjinarea.

【答案】1.an

2.prevent

【解析】1.语法题。考查不定冠词。第一个空格后的“official官员”为单数知第一个空格应填一个不定冠词a或an,再由EU的发音“[,i:'ju:]"中第一个字母为元音发音知第一个空应填“an”。

2.语义题。句意:探讨天津地区地下水污染防治对策

15.单选题

Doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.

问题1选项

A.areinfectiousto

B.areaccessibleto

C.aredisposedof

D.aresusceptibleto

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项areinfectiousto“有传染性”;B选项areaccessibleto“都可以访问”;C选项aredisposedof“正在处理”;D选项aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意:医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具,对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heartattack(心脏病)可排除A选项,B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除,D选项aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合题意,因此D选项正确。

16.单选题

Toomanypeoplebelievethattoachievegreatthingswemustmakebrutalsacrifices,thattosucceedinworkwemustfocussingle-mindedly,atthe(

)ofeverythingelseinlife.

问题1选项

A.heart

B.beginning

C.mercy

D.expense

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。attheexpenseof意为“以……为代价”。

句意:太多的人相信为了成就大事我们必须做出残酷的牺牲,为了在工作中取得成功,我们必须一心一意,以牺牲生活中的其他一切为代价。

17.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Thewomanistoooptimisticaboutthestocksmarket.

B.Thewomanwillevenlosemoremoneyatthestockmarket.

C.Thestockmarketbubblewillcontinuetogrow.

D.Thestockmarketbubblewillsoonmeetitsdemise.

【答案】A

【解析】W:IthinkIcouldrecoverthecoughattheendofthisyear.

M:I’msorrytoburstyourbubble,butthestockindexstillrangesbetween1900and2900afterayear.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】常用习语。女士认为今年年底该站稳了(股市会反弹),男士说:I’msorrytoburstyourbubble,即认为女士过于乐观。

18.单选题

Theworkerinventeda(n)()forcatchingflies.

问题1选项

A.equipment

B.tool

C.device

D.apparatus

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项equipment“设备,器材”,多指重型设备,如体育器材;B选项tool“工具”,一般指手工工具;C选项device“装置”,多指为某一特殊用途而设计的精巧仪器;D选项apparatus“仪器”,一般指由多种零件组成的复杂仪器。句意:工人发明了一种工具来捕捉苍蝇。捕捉苍蝇不需要精密的或重型的设备,所以只有选项B正确。

19.单选题

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalfhournap(

)me.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义词辨析。revive使恢复体力(或精力、活力等);release释放,发布;relieve缓解,减轻;recover恢复健康。句意:我下班回家的时候非常累,但睡了半小时后我又有精神了。由but可知前后句为转折关系,前半句提到“非常疲劳”,后半句句意应与之相反,再从“ahalfhournap”可推知睡半小时后恢复了体力。故A项正确。答案A

20.单选题

Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan()foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.

问题1选项

A.make

B.do

C.try

D.perform

【答案】B

【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意,这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动,所以do符合本题语义;make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思,用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动,所以排除。C、D词义不符。

21.单选题

Silveristhebestconductorofelectricity,copper()itclosely.

问题1选项

A.followed

B.following

C.tofollow

D.beingfollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查非谓语动词。一般情况下,分词作状语时,应与句子的主语存在一定的逻辑关系(主谓或动宾关系),否则分词就必须有自己的主语或逻辑宾语,来构成“名词或代词+分词”的独立分词结构,用来表示原因、时间、条件、方式或伴随情况等。copper与follow之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。由此可见,本题的正确答案是B选项。copperfollowingitclosely是以现在分词following为中心的独立主格结构。(独立主格结构就是某一个非谓语动词短语,或名词性短语,或形容词性短语,或介词短语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,而是自己另带的一个逻辑主语。比如本句的主语是silver,但following的逻辑主语是copper。又如:Hestoodthere,bookinhand.中的介词短语inhand的逻辑主语是book而不是句子的主语he,所以bookinhand为独立主格结构。)。句意:银是最好的导体,铜与之非常接近。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

22.单选题

Heleftthehouse______unawarethathewasstillwearinghispajamas.

问题1选项

A.assiduously

B.blithely

C.perfunctorily

D.domestically

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A项assiduously“刻苦地,勤勉地”,B项blithely“快活地,无忧无虑地”,C项perfunctorily“敷衍地,潦草地,表面地”,D项domestically“国内地,家庭式地,适合国内地”。由句子意思“他离开了家_______没有意识到他还穿着睡衣”可知,空格处应该填入副词修饰unaware,四个选项中只有C项符合语境。句意:他若无其事地离开了家,没有意识到他还穿着睡衣。因此,该题选择C项正确。

23.单选题

Ofcourse,therearepictureswhichcanbeinterpretedinmorethanoneway,andevenpicturesforwhichthereisno(

)interpretation.

问题1选项

A.plausible

B.applicable

C.reliable

D.comprehensible

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词辨析。plausible“看似合理的”;applicable“可应用的”;reliable“可以信赖的”;comprehensible

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