考研考博-英语-北京工商大学嘉华学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京工商大学嘉华学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheMinistryofEducationonSundayissuedastatementoncollegeenrollmentin2015,whichconsistsof26bansoninappropriate（）includingprescribingthemaletofemaleratioatauniversityadmissionwithoutapproval.

问题1选项

A.stress

B.arrangement

C.conduct

D.recruitment

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项stress表示“压力，强调，重要性”，B选项arrangement表示“布置，整理，准备，安排”，C选项conduct表示“行为举止；管理（方式），实施（办法）；引导”，D选项recruitment表示“招收，招聘；（自然种群）增长；募集（反应、现象）”。后文中关键信息“includingprescribingthemaletofemaleratioatauniversityadmissionwithoutapproval”是对空缺处名词的解释，表示“包括未经批准在大学入学时规定男女比例”。由此可知，这些禁令是有关不当招生的，因此本题正确答案为D选项。

2.单选题

Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.

问题1选项

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.logical合乎情理的；合乎常理的B.haphazard无秩序的；无计划的

C.orderly整洁的；有秩序的D.tidy整洁的；整齐的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据主句的句意“很难找到做这项工作所需的零件”可知，the______waythestorewasorganized指的是商品摆放的方式杂乱无章，B项符合句意，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】因为商店摆放的方式杂乱无章，很难找到做这项工作所需的零件。

3.问答题

Directions:Thispanconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,onemeachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.word,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.before→ago

2.Surprised→surprising

3.does→with

4.season→seasonality

5.being→be

6.an→any

7.apparent→apparently

8.to→/

9.on^theotherhand

10.in^thethementalhospital

【解析】1.常用搭配。sevenyearsago表示“几年前”。

2.形容词误用。此处的形容词是修饰“link”，因此，用surprising表示“令人惊讶的，出乎意料的”更符合搭配。

3.固定搭配。aswith和…一样。

4.固定搭配。bemorethan+形容词，表示“很、非常”，相当于very;根据后文的also可知，此处应该是bemorethan+名词，表示“不仅仅是”。因此，将形容词seasonal改成名词seasonality（季节性），即“然而，谋杀不只是季节性的”。

5.固定搭配。belikelytodosth.很可能做什么事。因此,being应该改成动词原形be。

6.限定词误用。any表示“任一”之意，与单数可数名词连用。

7.词性误用。主语是“ourintellectualseasonalcycles”，因此，形容词“apparent”应该改成副词“apparently”，作状语以修饰整句话，表示“显然地’’。

8.语法题。并列的不定式由and和or连接时，为了避免重复，从第二个不定式开始，常省略to.因此，此处应该将propose之前的to省略。

9.固定搭配。ontheotherhand另一方面。

10.冠词遗漏。句中已经有单词admissions表示“进入”之意，因此，后面的状语应该只是表示地点:“在医院里”。因此，此处要加上冠词the。

4.单选题

Anytime,anyplace.Whythehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearning?Theinternetrevolutionispartoftheanswer.TheWebnowprovidesaformerlymissingingredientindistanceeducation——quickandeasycommunicationbetweenstudentsandinstructors,andamongclassmates.Inaddition,demandfordistancecourseshasburgeonedthankstotheevolutionoftheinformation-basedeconomy.“Tostayemployable,workersneedtokeeponlearning.”saysKayKohl,executivedirectoroftheUniversityContinuingEducationAssociation,anorganizationofmorethan400schools.Thistrendhasgivenrisetoanolderpoolofgraduatestudents.Todaymorethanhalfareoverage30,andnearlyonequarterareover40.Distanceeducationoftenisagreatfitfortheseworkingadults,manyofwhomfinditdifficulttoskipachild’sballetlessonorfightrush-hourtraffictogettoauniversitycampusforclass.

“1hadalwayswantedamaster’sdegree,butit’shardtosuspendacareerandafamilyforit,especiallywhentheclosestschoolofpublichealthisfourhoursaway,”saysJerryParks,assistanthealthdirectorforAlbermarleRegionalHealthServicesineasternNorthCarolina.Asitturnsout,hedidn’thavetomoveorcommutetogethisdegree.AfterthreeyearsofcourseworkviateleconferencingandtheInternet,Parksisfinishingupamaster’sfromtheSchoolofPublicHealthattheUniversityofNorthCarolina.

Asmorepeopleturntodistanceeducation,adebatehasflaredoverwhetheritcanbeagoodsubstituteforface-to-faceinstruction.ThomasRussell,authorofa1999reporttitled“TheSignificantDistancePhenomenon,”whichreviewsmorethan350studiesofdistance-learningprograms,arguesthatthetwomodesofinstructionareequivalentasfarasstudentlearningisconcerned.R.Behrend,forone,believesthatdistanceeducationisthesuperiorchoice.Behrend,45,obtainedadoctoraldegreeinclinicalpsychologylastspringfromWaldenUniversity,arespectedvirtualinstitution.Shesaysthediscussionsbetweenstudentandprofessor,andamongpeers,weremorerigorousthanthosesheexperiencedinthetwooncampusmaster’sprogramsshepreviouslyattended.“Weneededtocitereferencesforeverythingwesaid(inE-mailpostings)’’，explainsBehrend,“Itwasn’tliketheusuallychattingintheclassroom.”

ButcriticssaythatmanyofthestudiescitedinRussell’sbookarepoorlydesigned,andtheyvehemently(strongly)disagreewithhispointofview.“Idon’tthinkyoucangetanyeducationovertheInternet,”saysD.Noble,ahistorianoftechnologyatYorkUniversityinToronto.“Educationrequiresarelationshipbetweenpeoplebecauseit’saprocessofidentityformation,validation,encouragement,emulation,andinspiration.Thisonlyhappensfacetoface.”

Evenadvocatesacknowledgethatdistanceeducationisn’tforeveryone—thatittakesindependence,self-discipline,andalotofmotivationtosuccess.Further,thequalityofdistance-degreeprogramsisuneven.“Amajorityofuniversitieshaveenteredthedistance-learningmarketrapidlyandarenotwellprepared.”Thus,it’simportanttoconsideranarrayoffactorsbeforechoosingaschool—accreditation,programhistory,cost,academicfield,residency,andtechnology.

1.Whendiddistanceeducationbegin?

2.Thehugeupsurgeofinterestinremotelearningiscausedbythefollowingfactorsexceptfor（

）.

3.By“suspend”(Sentence1，Para2)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

4.WhichstatementisnottruefromwhatMs.Behrendsays?

5.Thetitleofthetextcouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Unknown.

B.AftertheInternetexisted

C.AftertheInternetrevolution

D.Whentheuniversitystarted.

问题2选项

A.Internetrevolution

B.theevolutionofinformationeconomy

C.theincreasingpopulation

D.thedemandfordistancecourses

问题3选项

A.stop

B.hangup

C.suspect

D.leave

问题4选项

A.Theremoteeducationisthebestchoice.

B.Thediscussionindistanceeducationisnotasstrictasonthecampus.

C.Thediscussionofdistanceeducationisnotlikethatintheclassroom.

D.ShegotaDr.Degreefromdistanceeducation.

问题5选项

A.ContinuingEducation

B.Information-basedEconomy

C.RemoteLearning

D.AnInterestingDebate

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问‘远程教育是什么吋候开始的？’整篇文章围绕为什么人们对远程教育越来越感兴趣展开，并表达不同人的不同观点，但是确并没有提到远程教育具体是什么吋候开始的，所以A选项“不知道”正确。

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不是导致人们对于远程教育的兴趣越来越大的主要原因？’根据文章第一段第三句“Theinternetrevolutionispartoftheanswer.互联网革命是答案之一。”确定A选项“互联网革命”是原因之一；根据第一段第五句“Inaddition,demandfordistancecourseshasburgeonedthankstotheevolutionoftheinformation-basedeconomy.此外，由于信息经济的发展，远程课程的需求也迅速增长。”确定B选项“信息化经济的发展”和D选项“对远程课程的需求”也是原因；所以排除法，C选项“人口的增长”在文章并没有提及，不是原因，符合题意。

3.词汇题。题干询问‘“suspend”(句子1,Para2)最接近的意思是啥？’根据文章第二段第二句“Asitturnsout,hedidn'thavetomoveorcommutetogethisdegree.事实证明，他并不需要搬家或通勤才能拿到学位。”确定commute相当于上一句中的“suspendacareerandafamily”，suspend表示‘延缓，使暂停’的意思，所以A选项stop正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘以下关于Ms.Behrend所说内容的陈述不正确的是…？’根据文章第三段第三句“R.Behrend,forone,believesthatdistanceeducationisthesuperiorchoice.R.Behrend认为远程教育是更好的选择。”确定A选项“远程教育是最好的选择”正确；根据第三段最后一句“Itwasn’tliketheusuallychattingintheclassroom.这不是像通常在教室里聊天。”确定C选项“远程教育的讨论不像课堂上那样。”正确；根据第三段第四句“Behrend,45,obtainedadoctoraldegreeinclinicalpsychologylastspringfromWaldenUniversity,arespectedvirtualinstitution.45岁的贝伦德去年春天从备受尊敬的虚拟机构沃尔登大学获得了临床心理学博士学位。”确定D选项“她从远程教育获得了博士学位”正确；由第三段第五句“Shesaysthediscussionsbetweenstudentandprofessor,andamongpeers,weremorerigorousthanthosesheexperiencedinthetwooncampusmaster’sprogramsshepreviouslyattended.她说，学生和教授之间的讨论，以及同学之间的讨论，都比她在之前参加的两个硕士项目中经历的讨论更为严格。”确定B选项“远程教育中的讨论不如校园中的讨论严谨”与原文意思相反，符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章的题目可能是…？’A选项“成人教育”，太宽泛，不正确；文章并不是围绕经济进行展开的，只是稍微提及了一下，B选项“信息化经济”，不正确；文章虽然有说道关于远程教育的辩论，但只是进行了一些描述，文章并非围绕这场辩论进行展开，D选项“一次有趣的辩论”，不正确；文章通篇都是围绕远程教育在进行描述，所以C选项“远程学习”正确；所以正确答案为C选项。

5.翻译题

Directions:Translatethefollowing5underlinedpartsfromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.（1）Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearchexperts.（2）Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologistsofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostepupproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesfortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymayco-operatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.Inanycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnologicalmanpowerofallkinds.

（3）Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,peopleeverywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughouttheworldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,（4）intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed—wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergothesameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.（5）Additionalsocialstressesmayalsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigrationmovements—themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodernmeansoftransport.Asaresultofallthesefactors,governmentarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

【答案】（1）在现代条件下，这需要各种集中控制的措施，因此需要诸如经济学家和运筹学专家等专业科学家的帮助。

（2）此外，显而易见，一个国家的经济实力与其农业和工业的效率直接相关，而这又取决于各种科学家和技术人员的努力。

（3）由于大众通讯的显著发展，世界各地的人们都有了新的需求，接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常不得不引入进一步的创新。

（4）在早期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种意义深远的社会形态变化持续了近一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家可以在十年左右完成同样的进程。

（5）由于人口激增或大规模人口迁移（现代交通工具使人口大规模迁移变得相对容易）引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

6.单选题

Thesaleofalcoholicbeveragesis（）tothoseabove21insomeregions.

问题1选项

A.confined

B.Inhibited

C.obliged

D.restricted

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项confine“限制”，B项inhibit“禁止”，C项oblige“要求，约束”，obligeto表示“不得不”；D项restrict“限制”，restrictto表示“限制在……”。句意：在某些地区，酒精饮料只能出售给21岁以上的人。因此D项正确。

7.单选题

Comewhat（

）,we'renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.

问题1选项

A.must

B.should

C.can

D.may

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。comewhatmay意为“无论如何，不管怎样，无论发生什么事”。

句意：无论如何，我们不会对他的不合理要求作出任何让步。

8.单选题

IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.Theseinnovationsinmanufacturingboostedoutputandlivingstandardstoanunprecedentedextent;theaveragepercapitawealthincreasedbynearly1percentperyear—30percentoverthecourseofageneration.Goodsthathadoncebeenluxuryitemsbecamepartofeverydaylife.

Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods,sincethe1790’s,NorthAmericanentrepreneurs—evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements—hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.Forexample,duringthe1820’sand1830’stheshoeindustrygreatlyexpandedthescaleandextendoftheoutworksystem.Tensofthousandsofruralwomen,paidaccordingtotheamounttheyproduced,fabricatedthe“uppers”ofshoes,whichwereboundtothesolesbywage-earningjourneymenshoemakersindozensofMassachusettstown,whereaspreviouslyjourneymenwouldhavemadetheensureshoe.Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor.However,italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.

Fortasksthatwerenotsuitedtotheoutworksystem,entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.Asearlyas1782theprolificDelawareinventorOliverEvanshadbuiltahighlyautomated,laborsavingflourmilldrivenbywaterpower.Hismachineryliftedthegraintothetopofthemill,cleaneditasitfellintocontainersknownashoppers,groundthegrainintoflour,andthenconveyedtheflourbacktothetopofthemilltoallowittocoolasitdescendedintobarrels.Subsequently,manufacturersmadeuseofnewimprovedstationarystreamenginestopowertheirmills.Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Theauthormentionstheshoeindustryinthesecondparagraphtoprovideanexampleofhow（）.

3.Allofthefollowingarementionedaseffectsofchangesintheshoeindustryduringthe1820’sand1830’sEXCEPT（）.

4.AllofthefollowingaretrueoftheoutworksystemEXCEPT（）

5.Thepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasaresultofimprovementsinfactorymachinery?

问题1选项

A.ThedifficultiesofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

B.Theinfluenceofchangesinmanufacturingonthegrowthofurbancenters

C.TherapidspeedofindustrializationinNorthAmerica

D.Improvedwaysoforganizingthemanufacturingofgoods

问题2选项

A.entrepreneursincreasedoutputbyusinganextendedoutworksystem

B.entrepreneursusedtechnologicalimprovementstoincreaseoutput

C.ruralworkersrespondedto“shoebosses”

D.changesintheoutworksystemimprovedthequalityofshoes

问题3选项

A.anincreaseintheworker’sdependenceonentrepreneurs

B.anincreaseinthewagespaidtojourneymenshoemakers

C.adeclineintheworkersabilitytocontrolthespeedofproduction

D.adecreaseinthepriceofshoes

问题4选项

A.Itinvolvedstagesofproduction.

B.Itwasmoreefficientthanthesystemsusedbefore1790.

C.Itmademanyemployerslesspowerfulthantheyhadbeenbefore.

D.Itdidnotnecessarilyinvolveanytechnologicalimprovements.

问题5选项

A.Itbecameeasierforfactoryownerstofindworkersandcustomers.

B.Manufacturershadtoemploymorehighlyskilledworkers.

C.Theamountofpowerrequiredforfactoriesoperatewasreduced.

D.Factoriescouldoperatemorethanoneengineatatime.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第二段中hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficientbydistributingmaterialstoasuccessionofworkerswhoeachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess.（扩大了外部工作系统的范围，通过将材料分发给连续的工人，每个工人只执行生产过程中的一个步骤，从而提高了生产效率。）介绍了流水线的生产方式，第三段中entrepreneurscreatedanevenmoreimportantneworganization,themodernfactory,whichusedpower-drivenmachinesandassembly-linetechniquestoturnoutlargequantitiesofwell-madegoods.（企业家们创造了一种更重要的新组织——现代工厂，它使用动力驱动的机器和装配线技术生产出大量优质产品。）介绍了动力驱动的现代化工厂，这些都是改进的生产组织方式。所以D选项“改进的商品生产组织方式”符合题意。A选项“北美工业化的困难”，文章说的是北美工业化的不断进步，而不是困难之处，所以A错误。B选项“制造业变化对城市中心增长的影响”和C选项“北美工业化的快速发展”，文中均没有提及，所以B，C错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段，第二段开头说Theimpressivegaininoutputstemmedprimarilyfromthewayinwhichworkersmadegoods…hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystemthatmademanufacturingmoreefficient.（令人印象深刻的产量增长主要源于工人的生产方式……北美企业家扩大了外部工作系统的范围。），后面又介绍了“shoeindustry”，即第二段提到制鞋业是作为外部工作系统的例子。所以A选项“企业家通过使用扩展的外部工作系统来增加产量”正确。B选项“企业家利用技术改进提高产量”，文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使没有技术进步），说明制鞋业产量的提高不是因为技术改进，所以B错误。C选项“农村工人对鞋老板的反应”，文中没有提到工人对鞋老板的态度，所以C错误。D选项“外部工作系统的改变提高了鞋子的质量”，文中只说了产量的提高，没有说到质量的方面，所以D错误。

3.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（这种生产体系使雇主成为一个强大的“鞋老板”。），也就是说雇主的权力加大，工人的工作越来越依赖于雇主，所以A选项“工人对企业家的依赖增加”符合题意。由C选项可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句anderodedworkers’controloverthepaceandconditionsoflabor（剥夺了工人对劳动速度和条件的控制），说明工人对劳动速度的控制减弱，所以C选项“工人控制生产速度的能力下降”符合题意。由D选项可以定位到文章第二段最后一句italsodramaticallyincreasedtheoutputofshoeswhilecuttingtheirprice.（它还大幅提高了鞋子的产量，同时降低了它们的价格。），说明鞋子的价格下降了，所以D选项“鞋价的下降”符合题意。而文章中没有提到工人工资的问题，所以B选项“付给熟练工的工资提高”不符合题意。

4.推理判断题。由A选项可以定位到文章第二段第一句hadbroadenedthescopeoftheoutworksystem…eachperformedasinglestepoftheproductionprocess（扩大了外部工作系统的范围……每个工人只执行生产过程中的一个步骤），说明外部工作系统涉及到生产的各个阶段，所以A选项“涉及到生产的各个阶段”正确。由B选项可以定位到文章第一段第一句IndustrializationcametotheUnitedStateafter1790asNorthAmericanentrepreneursincreasedproductivitybyreorganizingworkandbuildingfactories.（1790年后工业化进入美国，北美企业家通过重组工作和建造工厂提高了生产力。），说明1790年后新的外部工作系统使得生产效率比以往提高了，所以B选项“比1790年以前使用的系统效率更高”正确。由D选项可以定位到文章第二段第一句evenwithouttechnologicalimprovements（即使没有技术进步），说明外部工作系统不一定需要技术进步，所以D选项“并不一定涉及技术进步”正确。由C选项可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句Thissystemofproductionmadetheemployerapowerful“shoeboss”.（这种生产体系使雇主成为一个强大的“鞋老板”。），说明这种外部工作系统让雇主权力更大了，选项与原文表述的意思相反，所以C选项“使得许多雇主的权力不如以前”错误。

5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Thisnewtechnologyenabledthemtobuildfactoriesinthenation’slargestcities,takingadvantageofurbanconcentrationsofinexpensivelabor,goodtransportationnetworks,andeagercustomers.（这项新技术使他们在美国最大的城市建立起工厂，并充分利用密集的廉价劳动力、良好的交通网络和需求急切的顾客。），廉价劳动力说明工厂主能招到更多工人，需求急切的顾客说明有更多的消费者，这些都是工厂机器改进的结果。所以A选项“工厂主更容易找到工人和顾客”正确。B选项“生产厂家不得不雇用更多的高技能工人”，工厂机器改进可以让厂家招到更多廉价的工人，并不需要雇用技术水平高的工人，所以B错误。C选项“工厂运行所需的用电量减少了”和D选项“工厂可以同时操作一台以上的发动机”，文中均没有提及，所以C，D错误。

9.单选题

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

问题1选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题2选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题3选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题4选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题5选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

【答案】第1题:F

第2题:E

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.联系上下文。第二段开头提到committee时，使用了定冠词the修饰committee，说明前文该词就已出现过，选项F中含有committee,也同样提到了investigate,与下文的investigation呼应。

2.联系上下文。空格前一句提及应该指责的是麻省理工学院的男性文化(masculineculture)，而对此却束手无策。选项E中提及女性没有成为科学家是因为科学(或科学家)都是男性，与前文意思最为接近。

3.联系上下文。空格的前一句中提到并不是每一个人都同意在麻省理工暴露的问题就是歧视的这一说法，接下来作者很有可能要举例说明该观点。另外，第二段末提到了一个人名Kleinfeld,说明上文中一定交代了Kleinfeld的相关信息，选项中符合语境的只有选项B，其中提及的“M.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasive”与上文信息呼应。

4.联系上下文。空格前的段中提及Kleinfeld教授认为麻省理工的女性科学家被边缘化不是因为性别歧视，而空格句所在段落的尾句指出大多数女物理学家所经历的事业问题通常来自于无意识的偏见(unconsciousbias),前后两段内容相反，由此可知，空格处句子表示转折承接，C、D入选，而只有选项C中提及了discrimination,与下文遥相呼应。

5.联系上下文。选项A中的inalmostallcultures与上文中的across130countries互相呼应。

10.翻译题

Informationprocessingistheacquisition,recording,organization,retrieval（检索）,display,anddisseminationofinformation.Inrecentyears,thetermhasoftenbeenappliedtocomputer-basedoperationsspecifically.Duringthepastfewcenturiesgreatadvanceshavebeenmadeinthehumancapabilitytorecord,store,andreproduceinformation,beginningwiththeinve