考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京服装学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

问题1选项

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查了词组的辨析。comeby“经过”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然发现”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改变主意”，此处只有使用词组comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的语义逻辑，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：他偶然加入了一个计算机日程计划，但是到目前为止它还没有一个合适的模式。

2.翻译题

Onceuponatime,peoplewholivedalonetendedtobethoseoneithersideofmarriage—twentysomethingprofessionalsorwidowedseniorcitizens.Whilepensioners,particularlyelderlywomen,makeupalargeproportionofthoselivingalone.Thenewestcropofsinglesishighearnersintheir30sand40swhoincreasinglyviewlivingaloneaslifestylechoices.Livingalonewasconceivedtobenegative—darkandcold,whilebeingtogethersuggestedwarmthandlight.

【答案】以前独自生活的人都是一些处在婚姻生活之两端的人们——20多岁的专业人员或寡居的老人。领取养老金的人，特别是上了年纪的妇女，构成了独自生活人群的绝大多数；而新一批单身族则是30到40岁高收入人士，他们日益认为独自生活是一种生活方式的选择。独自生活被认为是消极的——黑暗而且寒冷，而家庭生活则意味着温暖与光明。

3.翻译题

InGermany,incontrastwithFrance,friendshipismuchmoreclearlyamatteroffeeling,Adolescents,boysandgirls,fromdeeplysentimentalattachments,walkandtalktogether-notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreamstoformacommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirowninnerlife.Withinthefamily,theclosestrelationshipoveralifetimeisbetweenbrothersandsisters.Outsidethefamily,menandwomenfindintheirclosestfriendsofthesamesexthedevotionofasister,theloyaltyofabrother.Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsusuallyarebroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends“uncle”and“aunt”.BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherforthesimilarityoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,whosefriendshipsarebasedoncommonfeelings,deepdisagreementonanysubjectthatmatterstobothisregardedasatragedy.Liketiesofkinship,tiesoffriendshiparemeanttobeabsolutelybinding.YoungGermanswhocometotheUnitedStateshavegreatdifficultyinestablishingsuchfriendshipwithAmericans.Weviewfriendshipmoretentatively,subjecttochangesinintensityaspeoplemove,changetheirjobs,marry,ordiscovernewinterests.

【答案】与法国不同,在德国,友谊更注重感觉。青少年,男孩和女骇之间,他们有着很深的情感依赖,总是很亲密地走在一起,与其说是为了彰显各自的聪明才智,不如说是为了分享他们的希望、恐惧和梦想,以此来形成一条对抗学校和家庭生活的统一阵线；来取得来自他们各自和自己内心世界的一些姑且叫共识的东西。在家庭里,长至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之间的关系；在家庭外,人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献,如兄弟般的忠诚。在德国,朋友经常被带进家庭,孩子们叫他们父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法国,人们会挑选有着相同见解和观念的人作为朋友,朋友之间会为了生活的空间和态度的分歧激烈的争执。但对于友谊建立在双方共同的感觉的德国人来说,如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧,那就是极大的不幸。就像亲属关系一样,友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。来到美国的年轻德国人很难与美国人建立这样的友谊。我们对友谊的看法更具试探性,随着人们搬家、换工作、结婚或发现新的兴趣爱好,友谊的强度会发生变化。

4.问答题

ThereasonwhyJamesBondmoviesare(A)sopopularis(B)because(C)theycombinetheappealoftraditionalspy(D)storieswiththeappealoftechnologicaldevices.

【答案】试题答案：C；that

【解析】考查名词性从句。Thereasonwhy...isthat表语从句（……的原因是……）是固定句型，is后面用that，不能用because。

5.单选题

InthevillagesoftheEnglishcountrysidetherearestillpeoplewhorememberthegoodolddayswhennoonebotheredtolocktheirdoors.Theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout.

Amazingly,thesehappytimesappearstilltobewithusintheworld’sbiggestcommunity.AnewstudybyDanFarmer,agiftedprogrammer,usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.

SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.Fannerhasmadetheprogrampubliclyavailable,amidmuchcriticism.Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.

ButFarmerisveryconcernedabouttheneedtoalertthepublictopoorsecurityand,sofar,eventshaveprovedhimright.SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.SoistheNetbecomingmoresecure?Farfromit.Intheearlydays,whenyouvisitedaWebsiteyourbrowsersimplylookedatthecontent.NowtheWebisfulloftinyprogramsthatautomaticallydownloadwhenyoulookataWebpage,andrunonyourownmachine.Theseprogramscould,iftheirauthorswished,doallkindsofnastythingstoyourcomputer.

Atthesametime,theNetisincreasinglypopulatedwithspiders,worms,agentsandothertypesofautomatedbeastsdesignedtopenetratethesitesandseekoutandclassifyinformation.Allthesemakewonderfultoolsforantisocialpeoplewhowanttoinvadeweaksitesandcausedamage.

Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.Maybethatisbecausehackersarefundamentallyhonest.Orthattherecurrentlyisn’tmuchtosteal.Orbecausevandalismisn’tmuchfununlessyouhaveapeculiardislikeforsomeone.

Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.Butexpectitalltochange,andsecuritytobecomethenumberoneissue,whenthemostinfluentialinhabitantsoftheNetaresellingservicestheywanttobepaidfor.

46.Bysaying“...ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors”(Lines3-4,Para.2),theauthormeansthat______.

47.SATAN,aprogramdesignedbyDanFarmercanbeused______.

48.Farmer’sprogramhasbeencriticizedbythepublicbecause______.

49.Theauthor’sattitudetowardSATANis______.

50.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthat______.

问题1选项

A.thosehappytimesappearstilltobewithus

B.theresimplywasn’tanycrimetoworryabout

C.manysitesarenotwell-protected

D.hackerstryouttricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin

问题2选项

A.toinvestigatethesecurityofInternetsites

B.toimprovethesecurityoftheInternetsystem

C.topreventhackersfrombreakingintowebsites

D.todownloadusefulprogramsandinformation

问题3选项

A.itcausesdamagetoNetbrowsers

B.itcanbreakintoInternetsites

C.itcanbeusedtocausedisorderonallsites

D.itcanbeusedbypeoplewithevilintent

问题4选项

A.enthusiastic

B.critical

C.positive

D.indifferent

问题5选项

A.weshouldmakefulluseoftheInternetbeforesecuritymeasuresarestrengthened

B.weshouldalertthemostinfluentialbusinessmentotheimportanceofsecurity

C.influentialbusinessmenshouldgiveprioritytotheimprovementofNetsecurity

D.netinhabitantsshouldnotletsecuritymeasuresaffecttheirjoyofsurfingtheInternet

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】46.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“通过提到‘…ownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors’(第2段第3-4行)，作者的意思是……”。根据第二段第二句中的usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN,showsthattheownersofwelloverhalfofallWorldWideWebsiteshavesetuphomewithoutfittinglockstotheirdoors.（用他自称为“撒旦”的自动调查程序所做的一项最新研究表明，超过一半以上的万维网网站主人建立的家都没有上锁）可知，许多网站没有得到很好的保护；A项“那些快乐的时光似乎还在我们身边”，B项“根本没有什么犯罪需要担心”，D项“黑客们在网站上尝试各种技巧，但实际上并没有入侵网站”都不是作者在这里想表达的。因此C项“许多网站没有得到很好的保护”正确。

47.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“撒旦，一个由DanFarmer设计的程序可以被用来……”。根据第二段第二句usinganautomatedinvestigativeprogramofhisowncalledSATAN（用他自称为‘撒旦’的自动调查程序）和第三段的第一句SATANcantryoutavarietyofwell-knownhackingtricksonanInternetsitewithoutactuallybreakingin.（“撒旦”可以对网站试验一系列众所周知的黑客攻击而不用真正闯入）可以推断出“撒旦”这个程序是用来检验网站是否安全，B项“完善互联网系统的安全性”，C项“阻止黑客闯入网站”，D项“下载有用的程序和信息”都不是“撒旦”的功能，因此A项“检验网站是否安全”正确。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“Farmer的项目受到了公众的批评，因为……”。根据第三段第三句Apersonwithevilintentcoulduseittohuntdownsitesthatareeasytoburgle.（一个有邪恶意图的人可以用它来搜索容易被盗窃的网站）可知D项“它可以被恶意的人利用”符合题意。A项“它会对网络浏览器造成损害”，和B项“它可以侵入互联网站点”不是“撒旦”造成的后果，也不是这个项目受到公众批评的真正原因；根据第四段第二行SATANhasdonemoretoalertpeopletotherisksthancausenewdisorder.（“撒旦”做的更多的是提醒人们注意风险，而不是引起新的混乱）可知，C项“它可以用来在所有的网站上造成混乱”错误。因此D选项正确。

49.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干意思是“作者对‘撒旦’的态度是……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我们也要看到光明的一面，不考虑安全因素，因特网几乎是世界上最大的没有犯罪的社会）和最后一段第一句说道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，让我们在还能享受的时候尽情享受吧），由此可推断作者对“撒旦”的态度是积极的，因此C项“积极的”正确。A项“热心的”，B项“批评的”和D项“漠不关心的”都不符合。因此选C正确。

50.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“文章最后一段……”。倒数第二段第一句提到Butlet’slookonthebrightside.Giventhelackoflocks,theInternetissurelytheworld’sbiggest(almost)crime-freesociety.（但我们也要看到光明的一面，不考虑安全因素，因特网几乎是世界上最大的没有犯罪的社会）和最后一段第一句说道Whateverthereason,let’senjoyitwhilewecan.（不管是什么原因，让我们在还能享受的时候尽情享受吧），由此可推断作者对“撒旦”的态度是积极的，因此C项“积极的”正确。A项“热心的”，B项“批评的”和D项“漠不关心的”都不符合。因此选C正确。

6.单选题

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochoosethemoreriskychoice,optionB.Andasweknowfromtheexperienceoffinancialinvestorsandgamblers,itisunwisetotakeriskswhenweareonalosingstreak.

Sowouldthemonkeysmakethesamebasicerrorofjudgment?Theteamputthemtothetestbygivingthemsimilaroptions.Inthefirsttest,monkeyshadtheoptionofexchangingtheirdiscforonegrapeandreceivingonebonusgrape,orexchangingthegrapeforonegrapeandsometimesreceivingtwobonusgrapesandsometimesreceivingnobonus.Itturnedoutthatmonkeys,likehuman,chosethelessriskyoptionintimesofplenty.Thentheexperimentwasreversed.Monkeyswereofferedtheregrapes,butinoptionAwereonlyactuallygiventwograpes.InoptionB,theyhadafifty-fiftychanceofreceivingallthreegrapesoronegrapeonly.Theresultswerethatmonkeys,likehumans,takemorerisksintimesofloss.

Theimplicationsofthisexperimentarethatbecausemonkeysmakethesameirrationaljudgementsthathumansdo,maybehumanerrorisnotaresultofthecomplexityofourfinancialinstitutions,butisimbeddedinourevolutionaryhistory.Itthisisthecase,ourerrorsofjudgementwillbeverydifficulttoovercome.Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.Byrecognisingthem,wecandesigntechnologieswhichwillhelpustomakebetterchoicesinfuture.

1.Whatwastheaimoftheexperimentoutlinedabove?

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisthebestparaphraseofthehighlightedsentence?Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem.

3.Thewords“cottonedon“areclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.Whichparagraphaddresseswhymoneyswerechosenfortheexperiment?

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaurieSantos?

问题1选项

A.Toinvestigatewhethermonkeyscouldlearntousemoney.

B.Toinvestigatewherehumanmistakescomefrom.

C.Tofindoutwhetheritisbettertotakerisksintimesofloss.

D.Todeterminewhethermonkeysmakemoremistakesthanhumans.

问题2选项

A.Hopefully,humanswillsoonbeabletosolvetheseproblems.

B.Fortunately,humanscansolveproblemsthatweknowabout.

C.Luckily,humansdonothavemanylimitationswhichhavebeenidentified.

D.Wearehappytonotethatwecansolvetheproblemwhichwehaveidentified.

问题3选项

A.learnt

B.knew

C.completed

D.concluded

问题4选项

A.Paragraph2

B.Paragraph3

C.Paragraph4

D.Paragraph5

问题5选项

A.Shethinksthatbothhumansandmonkeysaregreedy.

B.Herjobfrequentlyinvolvesworkingwithmonkeys.

C.Shebelievesthathumansshouldnevertakerisks.

D.Sheprefersmonkeystohumans.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.细节题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一、二段“Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?”为什么我们如此容易犯错误？为什么我们会一次又一次地犯同样的错误？“Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions”，要么是人类设计的环境过于复杂以至于我们无法完全理解，要么是我们在生理上容易做出错误的决定。第二段“Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys”，为了验证这些理论，研究小组选择了一组棕色卷尾猴来做实验。由此可知，选项A“为了研究猴子是否能学会用钱”，选项C“为了弄清楚在有损失的时候冒险是否更好”，选项D“为了确定猴子是否比人类犯更多的错误”均与文章不符，因此B选项正确。

第2题:2.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章最后一段“Onamoreoptimisticnotehowever,humansarefullycapableofovercominglimitationsoncewehaveidentifiedthem”，然而，从更乐观的角度来看，一旦我们确定了局限性，人类就完全有能力克服它们。由此可知，选项A“希望人类不久就能解决这些问题”，选项B“幸运的是，人类能够解决我们所知道的问题”，选项D“我们很高兴地注意到，我们可以解决我们所确定的问题”均与文章不符，因此C选项正确。

第3题:3.推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段“Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques”，猴子们很快就适应了，并且也学会了简单的交流技巧。由此可知，选项B“了解，知道”，选项C“完成”，选项D“包含”都与题干不符，因此A选项正确。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段“Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn”，猴子被选为测试对象，因为它们是人类的远亲，它们是聪明的，并且有学习的能力。由此可知，题干所表述的“哪一段提到为什么选择猴子进行实验?”应为第二段，因此A选项正确。

第5题:5.推理判断题。由题干关键词可知，这题需要对整篇文章进行分析总结。文章讲述为了查出人类为什么易于犯错，以及易于犯同样错误的原因，研究团队找来了一群猴子做实验，而实验的结果表明，猴子也会做出与人类同样的选择，并且在做选择时受到一定外部条件的限制。由此可知，选项A“她认为人类和猴子都是贪婪的”，选项B“她的工作经常与猴子打交道”，选项D“与人类相比，她更喜欢猴子”文章均未提及，因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

There（）nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.

问题1选项

A.tobe

B.tohavebeen

C.being

D.be

【答案】C

【解析】考查原因状语。句意：由于没有什么可讨论的了，会议提前半小时结束了。因前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以可以确定前半句为独立主格结构，therebeing是存在句的非限定形式，在句中表示原因状语。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

问题1选项

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。pickup捡起，获得；copewith处理，应付；passout昏倒，分发；getacross通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Weweregreatlysurprisedbytheway___thingsweredonehere.

问题1选项

A.what

B.inwhich

C.as

D.which

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。本句主语是we，谓语为词组weresurprisedby，宾语theway；thingsweredonehere属于完整的句子，根据句意可知修饰theway；结合四个选项可知空格处要填入从句关系词。判断出此处考查theway+从句的固定用法：theway后引导定语从句的关系词有三种：1.that；2.inwhich；3.省略。句意：我们对这里的做法感到非常惊讶。因此B选项正确。

10.单选题

Sherefusedtolettheinjurykeepherfrom（

）hergoalofbeingintheOlympics.

问题1选项

A.detaining

B.attaining

C.screwing

D.sifting

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。detain“拘留；耽搁”；attain“达到，实现”；screw“转动，拧”；sift“筛选”。句意：她不会让受伤阻止她实现参加奥运会的目标。选项B符合题意。

11.不定项选择题

Thetwo-month-oldbabyhashardlyrousedhimselffromthelongnightofhisfirstweeksinthisworldwhenheisconfrontedwithsomeofthedifficultproblemsoftherace.Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.

Asimilarprojectinacademicresearchwouldrequireextensivelaboratoryequipmentandpersonnel;tobefairaboutit,ithastakenjustthattoreconstructtheexperimentsoftheinfant.Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.Hisequipmentislimitedtohissensoryorgans,hishands,hismouth,andaprimitivememoryapparatus.

Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.Butthisfaceisonepieceinthejigsawpuzzle—akeypiece,wethink.Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.

Meantimetheinfantisconductingaseriesofcomplicatedexperimentsinsensorydiscrimination.Wemustrememberthatintheearlymonthshedoesnotdiscriminatebetweenhisbodyandotherbodies.Whenheclutchesthefingerofhismotherorhisfatherhedoesn’tseeitassomeoneelse’sfingerandhisbehaviorindicatesthathetreatsitexactlythesameashedoeshisownfinger.Ittakeshimsometime,infact,torecognizehisownhandatsightandtoacquireevenarudimentaryfeelingthatthisispartofhisownbody.Inthefirstgroupofexperimentshediscoversthattheobjectthatpassesoccasionallyinfrontofhiseyes(whichweknowtobehishand)isthesameastheobjectwithvisualandtastequalitiesthathecanidentify.Inanotherexperimentalserieshediscoversthatthesensationsthataccompanytheintroductionofthisobjectintohismoutharedifferentfromthoseexperiencedwhenhetakesanippleintohismouth:oratoy,orhismother’sorfather’sfinger.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,“someofthedifficultproblemsoftherace”(Para.1)refersto________.

2.Theauthorcomparesababywithascientist(Para.2)inordertomakethepointthat________.

3.Theauthorapparentlybelievesthatinfancylearningbeginswith________.

4.Theaccountofhowaninfantlearnstodiscriminatebetweenhisownbodyandthebodyofotherssuggeststhat________.

问题1选项

A.figuringoutwhatisimaginary

B.beingabletomakedistinctions

C.understandingthatdreamsarenotreal

D.findingtheexactpositionofoneself

问题2选项

A.infantsaretirelessintheireffortstounderstandtheirenvironments

B.infantsuseaformofthescientificmethod

C.scientificexperimentationistimeconsuming

D.manyscientificstudieshavebeendoneonhowinfantslearn

问题3选项

A.feelingofbeingloved

B.thebaby’ssenses

C.imagesthattheinfantsees

D.ideasstoredintheinfant’smemory

问题4选项

A.thereareseveraldifferenttheoriesabouttheprocess

B.thediscriminationprocessfollowsaprecisesequence

C.somebabieslearnmorequicklythanothers

D.malebabieslearndifferentlyfromfemalebabies

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第一段第三句Weinvitehimtostudythenatureofreality,todifferentiateselfandnon-self,andtoestablishusefulcriteriaineachofthesecategories.（我们邀请他来研究现实的本质，来区分自我和非自我，并在每一个类别中建立有用的标准。）由此可知一些人类的难题指的是B选项“能够做出区分”；其他三个选项A选项“弄清楚什么是虚幻”；C选项“理解梦境不是真的”；D选项“为自己找到准确的位置”都没有提及。

第2题:推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第二段第二句Andtherearefewgrownandqualifiedscientistswhocanequaltheinfantforzealandenergyinsortingouttherawdatainthisproject.（在整理这个项目的原始数据时，很少有成熟和合格的科学家能像婴儿一样有热情和精力。）由此可以推断A选项“婴儿不知疲倦的去了解自己所在的环境”正确；其他三个选项B选项“婴儿使用一种科学方法”；C选项“科学实验是耗时的”；D选项“研究婴儿学习的实验有很多”都不符合题意。

第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键词定位到文章第三段第一、二句Attwomonths,aswehaveseen,herecognizesanobjectthatweknowtobeahumanfaceandweknowtobeanobjectoutsidehimself.Buttothebabythisisjustanimage,animageincidentallythathecan’tdifferentiatefromthementalimage,thepictureinmemory.（两个月大的时候，正如我们所看到的那样，他认出了一个物体，这个物体我们知道是人脸而且知道这是一个自身以外的物体。但对婴儿来说，这只是一个图像，一个他无法与感觉区分的图像，是记忆里的图片）从这句话中我们可以判断婴儿的学习开始于选项C“婴儿看到的影像”；A选项“被爱的感觉”；B选项“婴儿的感觉”；D选项“储藏在婴儿记忆中的想法”文中没有提及。

第4题:推理判断题。根据题干第三段最后一句Thengraduallyintheweekstocometheassociationofbreastorbottle,ofhands,voice,amultitudeofpleasurablesenseexperiencesbegintoclusteraroundthisfaceandtoformthecrudeimageofaperson.（然后在接下来的几个星期里，乳房或奶瓶，手，声音的联想，大量的愉悦感体验开始聚集在这张脸周围，形成一个人的粗糙形象。）从这里可以推断B选项“辨别过程遵循着一个精确的顺序”是正确的。A选项“这里有几个不同的理论来解释这个过程”；C选项“一些婴儿学得比其他婴儿快”；D选项“男宝宝学得比女宝宝不同”文章都没有提及。

12.单选题

Churchasweusethewordreferstoallreligiousinstitutions,（）theyChristian,Islamic,Buddhist,Jewish,andsoon.

问题1选项

A.be

B.being

C.were

D.are

【答案】A

【解析】考查谓语动词的形式。句意：我们使用的Church这个词指的是所有的宗教机构，无论是基督教、伊斯兰教、佛教、犹太教等等。分析句子结构可知，前半句中出现了as，其谓语动词多用be的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，并且需要倒装，所以选项A正确。

13.单选题

Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.Mostofusthinkweareverywonderful.Wecancheatatalittleandstillkeepthat“goodparson”identity.

Ariely,whoisoneofthemostcreativesocialscientistsontheplanet,hadoneblindcolleagueandonesightedcolleaguetakerides.Thedriverscheatedthesightedcolleaguebytakinglongroutesmuchmoreoftenthantheycheatedtheblindone,eventhoughshewouldhavebeeneasiertomislead.Theywouldhavefeltguiltycheatingablindwoman.Arielypointsoutthatwearedrivenbymoralitymuchmorethanstandardeconomicmodelsallow.ButIwasstruckbywhatyoumightcallthegoodpersonconstructandthemoralcalculusitimplies.Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.Inthisconstruct,sinissomethingyoufightlikearecurringcancer―partofadailybattleagainstevil.

Butthesedays,peoplearemorelikelytobelieveintheiressentialgoodness.Peoplewholivebythegoodpersonconstructtrytobalancetheirvirtuousself-imagewiththeirselfishdesires.Theytrytomanagethemoralplusesandminusesandkeeptheiroverallrecordinpositiveterritory.Inthisconstruct,morallifeismorelikedieting:thegoodpersonisn’tshootingforperfectionandmorethanmostdietersarefollowingtheirdiet100percent.It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.

Obviously,though,there’sameasurementproblem.Youcanbuyaweightscaletogetanobjectivemeasureofyourdiet.Butyoucan’tbuyascaleofvirustoputonthebathroomfloor.Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.IwashonestwiththatblindpassengerbecauseIamawonderfulperson.Icheatedthesightedonebecausesheprobablyhastoomuchmoneyanyway.

Thekeyjobinthegoodpersonconstructistomanageyourrationalizationsandself-deceptionstokeepthemfromgettingconspicuous.Arielysuggestsyouresetyourmoralgaugefromtimetotime.Yourmoralstandardswillgraduallyslipasyoubecomemoreandmorecomfortableyou’reyourownrationalizations.

I’daddthatyoureallyshouldn’tshootforgoodness,whichissovague.We’remostlyunqualifiedtojudgeourownmoralperformance,soattachyourselftosomeexteriororsocialstandards.Andaswegoaboutdoingourgoodpersonmoraleducations,itmightbeworthasking:Isthisgoodenough?

1.TowhichofthefollowingstatementwouldArielyagree?

2.Westerntraditionalculturemaintainedthathumannatureis（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,goodpersonconstruct

（

）.

4.Theword“leniently”inparagraph4mostprobablymeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.AbitofdeceptioninvitesnoHarm.

B.Weareunlikelytobetrulyhonest.

C.Wearedrivenbyeconomicmodels.

D.Peopletendtoclingtomoralcodes.

问题2选项

A.inherentlygood

B.subjecttoexteriorinfluence

C.geneticallydetermined

D.originallyevil

问题3选项

A.isdesirableforitsmoralimplications

B.contributetotheresistancetoinnersin

C.ismorelikelytoencouragedishonesty

D.caneaseconflictsbetweenvirtuesandselfishness

问题4选项

A.honestly

B.falsely

C.tolerantly

D.subjectively

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Nearlyeverybodycheats,butusuallyonlyalittle.ThatisoneofthethemesinDnanelAriely’snewbook“the(Honest)TruthAboutDishonesty”.（几乎人人都会欺骗他人，虽然通常只是一点点。这也是DnanelAriely的新书《不诚实的事实》中的主题之一）可知B选项“我们不太可能真正诚实”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Forthepastseveralcenturies,mostwesternerswouldhaveidentifiedthemselvesfundamentallyasdepravedsinners.（在过去的几个世纪里，大多数西方人都会认定自己从根本上是堕落的罪人）可知选D，西方传统文化认为人性本恶。

3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的It’senoughtobeworkablysuboptimalandagenerallygoodguy.（成为一个欠佳的人，但总体上是一个好人就足够了）可推测在goodpersonconstruct结构下人们对自己的要求降低了，以及本文主要讲的是关于诚实的话题，那么人们也就不那么诚实了，因此选C。

4.词义题。honestly意为“诚实地”；falsely意为“虚伪地，不实地”；tolerantly意为“宽容地，包容地”；subjectively意为“主观地”。由Andgivenourawesomecapacitiesforrationalizationandself-deception,mostofusaregoingtomeasureourselvesleniently.（鉴于我们在合理化和自欺欺人方面令人敬畏的能力，我们大多数人都会……衡量自己）可知我们会用欺骗的手段合理化自己行为，因此排除A、D选项；由leniently后面句中的Iamawonderfulperson可知我们给自己的定位是好人，可排除B选项，因此选C。

14.单选题

Theboyneverattemptedto（）anyexcuseforbeinglate.

问题1选项

A.fluctuate

B.fabricate

C.lubricate

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这个男孩从不会捏造任何迟到的借口。

考查动词辨析。fluctuate使波动，动摇；fabricate制造，捏造;lubricate使润滑;manipulate操作，处理。空格的宾语是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。

15.单选题

Itistimethatthe