考研考博-英语-南京晓庄学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京晓庄学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thepopularbookwas（

）byapanelofexperts,workinginconjunctionwiththepublisher.

问题1选项

A.composed

B.comprised

C.conceived

D.compiled

【答案】D

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。Compose“构成；写作”；comprise“包含，由……组成”；conceive“怀孕；构思”；compile“编译，编制”。句意：这本颇受欢迎的书是由专家小组编制而成，与出版社互相协调而成的。选项D符合题意。

2.不定项选择题

Hawaii’snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago’spoliticalestablishment,which-includestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntiltheSecondWorldWarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigin,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate—asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromdearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEoftheHawaiiannatives?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

3.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

4.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT（）.

5.Hawaii’snativeminorityrefersto（）.

问题1选项

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

C.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

D.Theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

问题2选项

A.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

B.HeisHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor.

C.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

D.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

问题3选项

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.TheKaLahuigroup.

C.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

问题4选项

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

问题5选项

A.peoplewith50%Hawaiianblood

B.Hawaii’sethnicgroups

C.theKaLahui

D.peopleofFilipinoorigin

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由B选项关键词“worsethan”可以定位到文章第二段第一句TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（这些岛屿在1898年被美国吞并，自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明夏威夷的土著居民和其他民族比起来生活更糟糕。因此B选项“他们的生活比夏威夷其他民族的生活更糟糕”正确。由A选项关键词“homeless”可以定位到第二段第二句Theymakeupover60percentofthestate’shomeless（他们占该州无家可归者的60%以上），说明超过60％的夏威夷土著人无家可归，但其中并不包括失业的人数，所以A选项“他们中有60%的人无家可归或失业”错误。由C选项关键词“sovereignty”可以定位到第二段最后一句TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.（他们是美国唯一没有某种程度自治权的主要原住民群体。），指的是主要原住民群体，所以C选项“他们是唯一没有主权的土著群体”错误。由D选项关键词“lifespan”可以定位到第二段第二句andtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians（寿命比夏威夷人的平均寿命短5年），指的是比夏威夷人的寿命短，而不是一般的美国人，所以D选项“他们的寿命比一般美国人短5年”错误。

第2题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“JohnWaihee”可以定位到文章第三段，前半部分说到asovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii’sfirstnativegovernor,JohnWaihee（夏威夷第一任土著州长约翰•韦希建立的一个主权咨询委员会），说明JohnWaihee是夏威夷第一任土著州长，由他成立了主权咨询委员会，所以B选项“他是夏威夷的第一位土著州长”和C选项“他成立了一个主权咨询委员会”表述正确。后半部分说到hasgiventhenatives’causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertore-establishasovereignHawaiiannation.（建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否重新建立一个拥有主权的夏威夷国家，从而极大地推动了土著人的事业。），说明JohnWaihee建议由夏威夷土著人自己决定是否建立主权国家，所以D选项“他建议土著人自己决定”表述正确。A选项“他正在领导当地的独立运动”在文中没有提及，因此本题选A。

第3题:客观细节题。由题干关键词“lessradical”可以定位到文章第四段第三句ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs(OHA),astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives’interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.（这一立场得到了夏威夷事务办公室的支持。OHA成立于1978年，是一个代表原住民利益的国家机构，现在已经成为原住民主权运动的温和代言人。），说明夏威夷事务办公室在主权问题上的态度是温和、不激进的，题干中的lessradical和原文中的moderate对应。因此C选项“夏威夷事务办公室”正确。A选项“美国印第安土著人”，B选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“夏威夷土著人”，文中都表明了他们希望享有更大的自治权，所以A,B,D错误。

第4题:客观细节题。由A选项关键词“greaterautonomy”可以定位到文章第四段第二句Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate（有些人只是想在州内享有更大的自治权），所以A选项“在州内享有更大的自治权”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除A。由C选项关键词“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。），所以C选项“对夏威夷王室土地的所有权要求”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除C。由D选项关键词“fullindependence”可以定位到文章第四段最后一句MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.（更有野心的是卡拉会群体，该群体于1987年宣布自己是一个新国家，并希望完全、正式地从美国独立出来。），所以D此处“完全独立于美国”符合夏威夷土著人的要求，排除D。由B选项关键词“crownland”可以定位到文章最后一段第二、三、四句Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1993,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS$136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.（他们还希望政府接受他们对66万公顷夏威夷王室土地的所有权。正是在这个问题上，土著群体面临着来自国家当局的最大反对。1993年，州政府向OHA支付了1.36亿美元的王室土地欠租，许多官员表示，接受这笔款项后，OHA就放弃了对土地的合法所有权。），说明夏威夷土著人要求的是对王室土地的所有权，而不是更多的欠租。因此B选项“更多的王室土地欠租”不符合夏威夷土著人的要求，本题选B。

第5题:推理判断题。由题干关键词“nativeminority”可以定位到文章第二段第一句sincethenHawaii’snativepeoplehavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.（自那以后，夏威夷的土著居民比其他任何民族都过得更糟糕。），说明“Hawaii’snativeminority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。因此B选项“夏威夷的族群”正确。A选项“有50%夏威夷血统的人”，C选项“卡拉会群体”，D选项“菲律宾裔人”均不能完整概括夏威夷土著民族的含义，所以A，C，D错误。

3.单选题

Fromtheearlydaysofbroadband,advocatesforconsumersandweb-basedcompaniesworriedthatthecableandphonecompaniessellingbroadbandconnectionshadthepowerandincentivetofavoraffiliatedwebsitesovertheirrivals'.That'swhytherehasbeensuchastrongdemandforrulesthatwouldpreventbroadbandprovidersfrompickingwinnersandlosersonline,preservingthefreedomandinnovationthathavebeenthelifebloodoftheInternet.

Yetthatdemandhasbeenalmostimpossibletofill—inpartbecauseofpushbackfrombroadbandproviders,anti-regulatoryconservativesandthecourts.AfederalappealscourtweighedinagainTuesday,butinsteadofprovidingabadlyneededresolution,itonlyprolongedthefight.

AtissuebeforetheU.S.CourtofAppealsfortheDistrictofColumbiaCircuitwasthelatesttakeoftheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)onnetneutrality,adoptedonaparty-linevotein2017.TheRepublican-pennedordernotonlyeliminatedthestrictnetneutralityrulestheFCChadadoptedwhenithadaDemocraticmajorityin2015,butrejectedthecommission'sauthoritytorequirebroadbandproviderstodomuchofanything.Theorderalsodeclaredthatstateandlocalgovernmentscouldn'tregulatebroadbandproviderseither.

Thecommissionarguedthatotheragencieswouldprotectagainstanti-competitivebehavior,suchasabroadband-providingconglomeratelikeAT&Tfavoringitsownvideo-streamingserviceattheexpenseofNetflixandAppleTV.YettheFCCalsoendedtheinvestigationsofbroadbandprovidersthatimposeddatacapsontheirrivals'streamingservicesbutnottheirown.

OnTuesday,theappealscourtunanimouslyupheldthe2017orderderegulatingbroadbandproviders,citingaSupremeCourtrulingfrom2005thatupheldasimilarlyderegulatorymove.ButJudgePatriciaMillettrightlyarguedinaconcurringopinionthat“theresultisunhingedfromtherealitiesofmodernbroadbandservice,”andsaidCongressortheSupremeCourtcouldinterveneto“avoidtrappingInternetregulationintechnologicalanachronism.”

Inthemeantime,thecourtthrewouttheFCC'sattempttoblockallstaterulesonnetneutrality,whilepreservingthecommission'spowertopreemptindividualstatelawsthatundermineitsorder.ThatmeansmorebattlesliketheonenowgoingonbetweentheJusticeDepartmentandCalifornia,whichenactedatoughnetneutralitylawinthewakeoftheFCC'sabdication.

Theendlesslegalbattlesandback-and-forthattheFCCcryoutforCongresstoact.Itneedstogivethecommissionexplicitauthorityonceandforalltobarbroadbandprovidersfrommeddlinginthetrafficontheirnetworkandtocreateclearrulesprotectingopennessandinnovationonline.

1.Therehaslongbeenconcernthatbroadbandprovideswould（

）.

2.Facedwiththedemandfornetneutralityrules,theFCC（

）.

3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAT&TfromParagraph3?

4.JudgePatriciaMillettarguesthattheappealscourt'sdecision

（

）.

5.Whatdoestheauthorargueinthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.bringweb-basedfirmsundercontrol

B.slowdownthetrafficontheirnetwork

C.showpartialityintreatingclients

D.intensifycompetitionwiththeirrivals

问题2选项

A.stickstoanout-of-dateorder

B.takesananti-regulatorystance

C.hasissuedaspecialresolution

D.hasallowedthestatestointervene

问题3选项

A.Itprotectsagainstunfaircompetition.

B.Itengagesinanti-competitivepractices.

C.ItisundertheFCC'sinvestigation.

D.Itisinpursuitofqualityservice.

问题4选项

A.focusesontrivialities

B.conveysanambiguousmessage

C.isatoddswithitsearlierrulings

D.isoutoftouchwithreality

问题5选项

A.Congressneedstotakeactiontoensurenetneutrality.

B.TheFCCshouldbeputunderstrictsupervision.

C.Rulesneedtobesettodiversifyonlineservices.

D.Broadbandproviders'rightsshouldbeprotected.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

4.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoChinese.

Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptionsinthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.

Myfavoritequotationisthesentenceabove,writtenbyDisraeli.Ithashelpedmethroughmanyapainfulexperience.Oftenweallowourselvestobeupsetsmallthingsweshoulddespiseandforget.Perhapssomemanwehelpedhasprovedungrateful...somewomanwebelievedtobeafriendhasspokenillofus...somerewardwethoughtwedeservedhasbeendeniedus.Wefeelsuchearthdisappointmentsostronglythatwecannolongerworkorsleep.But,isn’tthatabsurd?Hereweareonthisearth,withonlyafewmoredecadestolive,andwelosemanyirreplaceablehoursbroodingovergrievancesthat,inayear’stime,willbeforgottenbyusandbyeverybody.No,letusdevoteourlifetoworthwhileactionsandfeelings,togreatthoughts,realaffectionsandenduringundertakings.Forlifeistooshorttobelittle.

【答案】从心理上讲，人到老年有两种危险需要防范。一种是对过去的过度吸收。不能活在回忆中，活在对过去美好时光的悔恨中，活在对死去的朋友的悲伤中。人的思想必须指向未来，指向未来需要完成的事情。这并不总是容易的。一个人的过去是一份不断加重的负担，人们容易认为自己过去的情感比现在强烈，过去的头脑比现在敏锐。如果这是真的，就应该忘记它；如果它能被忘掉，那么它将不是事实。

我最喜欢的引语就是上面这句由迪斯雷利写的话。它帮助我度过了许多痛苦的经历。我们通常让自己为一些我们本应不屑一顾，抛诸脑后的小事苦恼。可能是我们帮助过的某人忘恩负义……那些我们以为是朋友的某女士在背后诋毁我们……没能得到我们自认为应得的奖赏。我们对这些事情感到极度失望，以至于难以工作和睡觉。但是，这不是很荒唐吗？我们在这个地球上，只有几十年生命，可是却浪费了许多一去不复返的时间去沉思那些在一年之内自己与别人都会忘怀的冤屈。不！让我们把生命奉献给有价值的行为和感情，奉献给伟大的思想、真正的情感和不朽的事业。因为生命太短，不能被琐事耽误。

5.单选题

GreatBritainandFrancewillholda（）regardingsomeEuropeaneconomicproblems.

问题1选项

A.conference

B.reference

C.conversion

D.cooperation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conference“会议，讨论，协商”；B选项reference“参考，涉及”；C选项conversion“转换”；D选项cooperation“合作”。句意：英国和法国将就一些欧洲经济问题举行会议。选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

Whathesaidjustnowhadlittletodowiththequestiondiscussion（）.

问题1选项

A.on

B.in

C.under

D.at

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他刚才说的话和正在讨论的问题关系不大。

考查固定搭配。Underdiscussion在讨论中。

7.单选题

TheremaybenobetterexampleofwhatismeantbypreventivemedicinethanthestrategyofVaccination.Ahealthypersonisgivenatinytasteofavirus—fluorpolio,say—that’stooweaktocauseillnessbutjustenoughtointroducethebodytothepathogen.Iftheviruslatershowsupforreal,theimmunesystemisprimedandwaitingforit.

That’sclosetohowacancervaccineworks,butnotprecisely.Mostexpertsseecancervaccinesasahybridoftreatmentandprevention.Whileit’struethattheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationhasapprovedvaccinesagainstcervicalandlivercancer,botharedesignedtofightthevirusesmostresponsibleforcausingthedisease,asopposedtotargetingcanceritself—humanpapillomavirus(HPV;人乳头瘤病毒)inthecaseofcervicalcancerandhepatitisBinthecaseoflivertumors.

Usingvaccinestopreventnonviralcancersinsomeonewhoisdisease-freeisawholedifferentmater.Foronething,it’smuchmoredifficulttodetermineaperson’schanceofdevelopingaparticulartypeofcancerthanitistodeterminethelikelihoodofbeingexposedto,say,theinfluenzavirusorchickenpox.Whatpassesfor“exposure”inthecaseofnonviralcancersisacombinationofgenesandenvironmentandarangeofotherXfactorsthatcanvaryfrompersontoperson.Howdoyouvaccinateagainstyourfamilylegacyofbreastcanceroryourconstantexposuretosecondhandcigarettesmoke?

Butthatdoesn’tmeantheimmunesystemcan’tbeexploitedinadifferentway.Cancervaccineswouldideallybeusedinpatientswhosediseasehasalreadybeendiagnosedandtreatedwithsurgery,chemotherapyorradiation.Theywouldthenbeimmunizedasawaytopreventthecancerfromcomingbackandspreading.Suchmetastasesareactuallytheleadingcauseofdeathfromcancer.“Thecharmofworkingwiththeimmunesystemisthatwecanusethebody’sowndefensemechanismstopossiblygettothatlastcancercelloratleastcreateasurveillancesystemthatkeepsthatcancerundercontrol,”saysanoncologist.

1.Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?

4.Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?

5.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.theevolutionofvaccination

B.themechanismofvaccination

C.thesignificanceofvaccination

D.thepopularizationofvaccination

问题2选项

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.

问题3选项

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.

问题4选项

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.

问题5选项

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancer

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapies

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastases

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinreality

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Thefirstparagraphismeanttodescribe（）.第一段是为了描述____。

A.theevolutionofvaccinationA.疫苗的发展

B.themechanismofvaccinationB.疫苗接种机制

C.thesignificanceofvaccinationC.接种疫苗的意义

D.thepopularizationofvaccinationD.疫苗接种的普及

【答案】B

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据出处提示词firstparagraph与题干信息可定位至原文第一段第一句“预防医学中，没有比疫苗注射策略更好的例子了”，推断第一段主要是向我们介绍疫苗注射后是如何起作用的，所以B选项“疫苗接种机制”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“疫苗的发展”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“接种疫苗的意义”文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“疫苗接种的普及”属于无中生有。

2.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingistrueofvaccinesagainstcancer?关于癌症疫苗，下列哪项是正确的？

A.Theyareboththerapeuticandpreventive.A.它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用。

B.Vaccinesagainstcervicalcanceralsoworkonlivercancer.B.宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。

C.Vaccinescanreplaceothertherapeuticmodalitiesforcancer.C.疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。

D.Theystrictlyfollowthemechanismoftraditionalvaccination.D.它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第二句“大多数专家认为癌症疫苗是治疗和预防的结合”，由此句可知A选项“它们既具有治疗作用又具有预防作用”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“宫颈癌疫苗对肝癌也有效。”，文中提到“这两种疫苗都是为了对抗引起疾病的主要病毒，而不是针对癌症”，所以该选项属于过度推断；

C选项“疫苗可以替代癌症的其他治疗方式。”，与原文意思不符，属于反向干扰；

D选项“它们严格遵循传统的疫苗接种机制。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

3.【选项释义】

Accordingtothepassage,whyisitdifficulttousevaccinestopreventnon-viralcancers?根据文章，为什么使用疫苗来预防非病毒性癌症如此困难？

A.Becausetoomanyfactorsmakeithardtodeterminethemaincauses.A.因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。

B.Becausegeneticmakeupplaysadominantroleincancerdevelopment.B.因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。

C.Becausethedevelopmentofsuchvaccinesrequiresenormousinvestment.C.因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。

D.Becauseliteratureislimitedontheefficacyofvaccinesfornon-viralcancers.D.因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段最后两句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的‘接触’是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的结合。试问你如何接种疫苗来预防你的家族遗传性乳腺癌或抵制长期接触的二手烟？”推断非病毒性癌症致病的因素是一系列综合因素，无法通过接种疫苗来免疫。所以A选项“因为太多的因素使得很难确定主要的原因。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“因为基因组成在癌症发展中起着主导作用。”，原文中只说家族遗传的很难用疫苗来预防，并未说其组成占主导地位，这里偷换概念；

C选项“因为开发这种疫苗需要巨大的投资。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“因为文献对非病毒性癌症的疫苗疗效有限。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Fromthecontext,whatdoestheauthorsuggestbysaying“passesfor‘exposure’”?从上下文来看，作者说“通行证是‘接触’”是什么意思？

A.The“exposure”inantiviralvaccinationandanticancervaccinationisdifferent.A.在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的“接触”是不同的。

B.The“exposure”incancervaccinationdoesnotproduceanylong-termeffect.B.癌症疫苗的“接触”不会产生任何长期的影响。

C.“Exposure”isauselessconceptwhencancerisgenetically-determined.C.当癌症是由基因决定的时候，“接触”是一个无用的概念。

D.Constant“exposure”tosomethingmaymaketheexposureineffective.D.持续地“接触”某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干关键词“passesfor‘exposure’（通过‘接触’所传递的事物）”可将信息点定位至原文第三段倒数第二句“在非病毒性癌症中，所谓的‘接触’是基因、环境和一系列因人而异的其他未知因素的组合”，再结合本段第一句“使用疫苗来预防无病人的非病毒性癌症是完全不同的事情。”由这两句可知A选项“在抗病毒疫苗接种和抗癌疫苗接种中的‘接触’是不同的。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“癌症疫苗的‘接触’不会产生任何长期的影响。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“当癌症是由基因决定的时候，‘接触’是一个无用的概念。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

D选项“持续地‘接触’某些东西可能会使接触变得无效。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthat（）.从最后一段我们可以得出结论____。

A.vaccinationisabletopreventtheoccurrenceofcancerA.接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生

B.cancervaccinesmayreplacetheconventionaltherapiesB.癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法

C.cancervaccinesmaycontrolthecancerrecurrencesandmetastasesC.癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移

D.vaccinationagainstcancerispossibleintheorybutalmostimpossibleinrealityD.接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据提示词lastParagraph与题干信息可定位至原文最后一段第二、三句“理想情况下，癌症疫苗将用于那些已经通过手术、化疗或放疗进行诊断和治疗的患者。让他们形成免疫能力，以防止癌症复发和扩散。”由这两句可知C选项“癌症疫苗可以控制癌症的复发和转移”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“接种疫苗可以预防癌症的发生”，文中并没有说接种疫苗后就不会发生癌症，属于过度推断；

B选项“癌症疫苗可能会取代传统疗法”，文中只是说运用了疫苗这个方法，并没有说取代，属于过度推断；

D选项“接种癌症疫苗在理论上是可能的，但在现实中几乎是不可能的”，文中没有提及属于无中生有。

8.翻译题

Whileithasgraduallybeenintegratedintotheglobalsupplychain,China’smanufacturingsectorhashadtoconfrontenormouschallenges.Intermsofcapacityforscientificandtechnologicalinnovation,Chinaranks28thoutof49majorcountriesaroundtheglobe.WiththatrankingChinaisnotonlybehindthedevelopedworld,butalsobehindBrazil,Indiaandsomeotherdevelopingcountries.Inrecentyears,withgrowingamountsofdirectforeigninvestmentandtheadventofglobalization,multinationalshavequickenedthepaceoftechnologytransfers,affordingthecountryanopportunitytolearnthelatesttechnologies.

【答案】虽然中国已经逐渐进入全球供应链，但其制造业不得不面对巨大的挑战。就科技创新能力而言，中国在全球49个主要国家中排名第28位。按照这样的排名，中国不仅落后于发达国家，而且落后于巴西、印度和其他一些发展中国家。近年来，随着外商直接投资的增加和全球化的到来，跨国公司加快了技术转让步伐，为中国提供了学习最新技术的机会。

9.单选题

Onecanunderstandothersmuchbetterbynotingtheimmediateandfleetingreactionsoftheireyesand（）toexpressedthoughts.

问题1选项

A.dilemmas

B.countenances

C.concessions

D.junctions

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemmas“困境”；countenances“面容；表情”；concessions“让步；特权”；junctions“连接”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的名词与eyes是并列的，四个选项中只有countenances能够与eyes并列并表达出符合逻辑的句子意思。句意：人们可以通过观察别人眼睛和……快速的反映或表情来更好的了解对方。因此选项B为正确答案。

10.单选题

He（

）outragebycallingtheTVprogrammes“talkingwallpaper”.

问题1选项

A.provoked

B.evoked

C.revoked

D.invoked

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。provoke“激起，挑衅”；evoke“引起，唤起，博得”；revoke“撤回，取消，废除”；invoke“调用，换气”。句意：他称那个电视节目为“会说话的壁纸”激起了愤怒。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Weareto（）10,000,000computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.

问题1选项

A.turnin

B.turnout

C.turnup

D.turnto

【答案】B

【解析】turnin"交上,归还";turnout"证明是,结果是,生产";turnup"出现,发生";turnto"变成,求助于"。句意:我们计划明年生产一万台电脑以满足市场的需求。turnout在这里是生产的意思,所以选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

Afteraperiodofintroversionandstunnedself-disbelief,continentalEuropeangovernmentswillrecovertheirenthusiasmforpan-Europeaninstitution-buildingin2007.WhethertheEuropeanpublicwillwelcomeareturntowhatvotersintwocountrieshadrejectedsoshortatimebeforeisanothermatter.

ThereareseveralreasonsforEurope’srecoveringself-confidence.ForyearsEuropeaneconomieshadbeenlaggingdismallybehindAmerica(tosaynothingofAsia),butin2006thelargecontinentaleconomieshadoneoftheirbestyearsforadecade,brieflyoutstrippingAmericaintermsofgrowth.Sincepoliticsoftenreactstoeconomicchangewithalag,2006’simprovementineconomicgrowthwillhaveitsimpactin2007,thoughtherecoverymaybeebbingbythen.

Thecomingyearalsomarksaparticularpointinapoliticalcyclesoregularthatitalmostseemstoamounttoanaturallaw.Everyfourorfiveyears,Europeancountriestakealargestridetowardsfurtherintegrationbysigninganewtreaty:theMaastrichttreatyin1992,theTreatyofAmsterdamin1997,theTreatyofNicein2001.Andin2005theyweresupposedtoratifyaEuropeanconstitution,layingthegroundforyetmoreintegration—untilthecalmrhythmwasrudelyshatteredbyFrenchandDutchvoters.Butthepoliticalimpetustosignsomethingeveryfourorfiveyearshasonlybeeninterrupted,notimmobilized,bythissetback.

In2007theEuropeanUnionmarksthe50thanniversaryofanothertreaty—theTreatyofRome,itsfoundingcharter.Governmentleadershavealreadyagreedtocelebrateitceremoniously,restatingtheircommitmentto“evercloserunion”andthebasicidealsofEuropeanunity.Byitself,andinnormalcircumstances,theEU’s50th-birthdaygreetingtoitselfwouldbefairlymeaningless,aroutineexpressionofEuropeangoodfellowship.ButitdoesnottakeaMachiavellitospotthatoncegovernmentshavesignedthedeclaration(anditseemsunlikelyanyonewouldbesouncollegiateastovetoit)theywillalreadybehalfwaytowardscommittingthemselvestoanewtreaty.Allthatwillbenecessarywillbetoincorporatethe50th-anniversarydeclarationintoanewtreatycontaininganumberofinstitutionalandotherreformsextractedfromthefailedattemptatconstitution-buildingand—heypresto—anewquasi-constitutionwillbeready.

AccordingtotheGermangovernment—whichholdstheEU’sagenda-settingpresidencyduringthefirsthalfof2007—therewillbeanewdraftofaslimmed-downconstitutionreadybythemiddleoftheyear,perhapstoputtovoters,perhapsnot.Therewouldthenbeacoupleofyearsinwhichitwillbediscussed,approvedbyparliamentsand,perhaps,puttovotersifthatisdeemedunavoidable.Then,accordingtobureaucraticplannersinBrusselsandBerlin,blithelyignoringthepossibilityofpublicrejection,thewholethingwillbesigned,sealedandanewconstitutiondeliveredin2009-10.Europewillbenicelybackonschedule.Itsfour-to-five-yearcycleofintegrationwillhavemissedonlyonebeat.

TheresurrectionoftheEuropeanconstitutionwillbemademorelikelyin2007becauseofwhatishappeninginnationalcapitals.TheEuropeanUnionisnotreallyanautonomousorganization.Ifitfunctions,itisbecausetheleadersofthebigcontinentalcountrieswantitto,reckoningthatanactiveEuropeanpolicywillhelpthemgetdonewhattheywanttodointheirowncountries.

Thatdidnothappenin2005-2006.Defensive,cynicalandself-destructive,theleadersofthethreelargesteuro-zonecountries—France,ItalyandGermany—werestumblingtowardstheirunlamentedends.TheysawnoreasontopursueanysortofEuropeanpolicyandtheEU,asaresult,barelyfunctioned.Butbythemiddleof2007allthreewillhavegone,andthisfactalonewilltransformtheEuropeanpoliticallandscape.

Theupshotisthatthepoliticsofthethreelargecontinentalcountries,bureaucraticmomentumandtheeconomicsofrecoverywillallbealignedtogiveapushtowardsintegrationin2007.Thatdoesnotmeanthemomentumwillbeirresistibleorevenpopular.TheBritishgovernment,forone,willalmostcertainlynotwanttogowiththeflow,beginningyetanotherchapterinthelonghistoryofconfrontationbetweenBritainandtherestofEurope.Moreimportant,thevoterswillwantasay.Theyrejectedtheconstitutionin2005.Itwouldbefoolishtoassumethe