考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-厦门海洋职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

[A]Asregardsourforeignpolicy,itis[B]nolessourinterest[C]asourdutytomaintainthemostFriendly[D]relationswithothercountries.

问题1选项

A.Asregards

B.noless

C.as

D.relations

【答案】C

【解析】【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】短语nolessthan为固定搭配，表示“不少于，多达”。因此，本题应将C选项改为than。

【句意】至于我们的外交政策，与其他国家保持最友好的关系既是我们的利益，也是我们的责任。

2.单选题

Theearthrevolvesalittlemorerapidly（）itisclosertothesun.

问题1选项

A.when

B.or

C.than

D.wherever

【答案】A

【解析】考查连词辨析。A选项when“当……时候”；B选项or“或者”；C选项than“比”；D选项wherever“无论在哪里”。句意：当地球离太阳较近时，它的公转速度稍快一些。故A项符合句意。

3.单选题

Theworldwillbeadvancingwithsuchgreatspeedthatour____willlookuponusandourtimewithasenseofsuperiority.

问题1选项

A.antecedents

B.descendants

C.predecessors

D.contemporaries

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.antecedents祖先B.descendants后代

C.predecessors前人D.contemporaries同时代的人

【考查点】语义衔接

【解题思路】空格处前文提到“世界将以如此快的速度前进”，空格处为从句的主语，后文提到“会以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代”。“优越感”说明他们所处的时代比我们现在的时代要更好，而世界是不断进步的，因此，其主语应该是我们的后代，B选项descendants“后代”符合语义逻辑。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不能使原句前后语义衔接。

【句意】世界将以如此巨大的速度前进，以至于我们的后代将以一种优越感看待我们和我们的时代。

4.单选题

The_______actionofthepolicemensavedthepeopleinthehousefrombeingburnt.

问题1选项

A.supreme

B.significant

C.prompt

D.vital

【答案】C

【解析】supreme最高的,至高的;significant重大的,有意义的;prompt及时的,迅速的;vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施,使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

OilcompaniesintheU.S.arealreadybeginningtofeelthepressureasaresultofwhichrefineryworkersandpetroleum-equipment-manufacturingemployeesarebeing（）.

问题1选项

A.laidout

B.laidoff

C.laiddown

D.laidaside

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项layout“展示，安排”，B项layoff“解雇，休息”，C项laydown“放下，制定”，D项layaside“搁置，储蓄”。根据句子关键词workers（工人）和employees（雇员）可猜测，空格部分表示“解雇”，因此四个选项中只有B项符合。句意：美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力，因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithitmeanalsothatmuchofwhatappearsinanewspaperhasnomorethan______value.

问题1选项

A.transitional

B.sentimental

C.transient

D.inscrutable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项transitional“变迁的，过渡期的”，B项sentimental“伤感的，多愁善感的，感情用事的”，C项transient“短暂的，路过的”，D项inscrutable“神秘的，不可理解的，不能预测的”。根据Immediacyandthespeedofproductionthatgoeswithit“即时性以及随之而来的生产速度”可知，“短暂的”符合语境。句意：即时性和与之相伴随的生产速度也意味着，报纸上出现的很多东西只不过是短暂的价值。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

Inthepresenteconomic（

）,itisevenmorenecessarytohavemoreknowledgethanbefore.

问题1选项

A.air

B.mood

C.area

D.climate

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项air“空气，大气”；B选项mood“情绪，气氛”；C选项area“区域，地区”；D选项climate“气候，风气，思潮，风土”。air指自然界中的环境氛围。mood侧重人的情绪。area侧重地理位置的区域，地区。句意为：当前的经济形势，要求比以前更有必要掌握更多的知识。故正确答案选D。

8.单选题

Thelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury（）thesteadyimprovementinthemeansoftravel.

问题1选项

A.told

B.declared

C.viewed

D.witnessed

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项tell“告诉、讲述”；B选项declare“宣布、申明”；C选项view“观察”；D选项witness“目击、见证”，句意为：19世纪后半期见证了交通工具的不断改进。D选项符合句意。

9.单选题

Appliedscienceis（）discoveringwaystousetheknowledgeoftheoreticalscience.

问题1选项

A.concernedabout

B.combinedwith

C.concernedfor

D.concernedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。beconcernedabout“担心，关心”；becombinedwith“与……联合”；beconcernedfor“为……担忧”；beconcernedwith“涉及，参与，关心”。根据后面“探究理论科学知识的运用方法”可知是appliedscience“应用科学”涉及到的具体内容，因此选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

问题1选项

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项deterioration“恶化”；B选项differentiation“变异”；C选项diversion“转移，消遣”；D选项donation“捐赠”。句意：医生们非常担心手术后病人的病情恶化。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

Anynegativestatementsandaccusationsshouldbemade（）andforthrightlyanswered,preferablyatthelevelonwhichtheyoriginate.

问题1选项

A.promptly

B.thoroughly

C.punctually

D.exactly

【答案】A

【解析】句意:任何否定的言论和指控都应迅速、直接地作出答复，最好是在它们产生的层面上。

考查副词辨析。promptly迅速地;敏捷地；thoroughly充分的；彻头彻尾的；punctually按时地；如期地；exactly正确地；严密地。并列连词and连接空格跟forthrightly(直接地)，因此四个选项中，A项正确。

12.单选题

Acensor’sdutyistoensurethatnocontentis（）inpublicationsorfilms.

问题1选项

A.evil

B.obscure

C.obscene

D.opaque

【答案】C

【解析】句意:审查员的职责是确保出版物或电影中没有淫秽内容。

考查形容词辨析。evil邪恶的；不幸的；有害的；讨厌的；obscure昏暗的；朦胧的；晦涩的；无名的；obscene淫秽的；猥亵的；opaque不透明的；不传热的；迟钝的。因此C符合句意。

13.单选题

Nothinginthehistoryofmodemastronomyhasexcitedasmuchspeculationastheobject,orevent,knownasablackhole.Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists.Theyareoneofthemoreexoticmanifestationsofthetheoryofgeneralrelativity,andtheirfascinationliesinthewaytheirtremendousgravityaffectsnearbyspaceandtime.

Ablackholeisverysimpleinstructure:ithasasurface—theeventhorizon—andacenter—thesingularity.Everythingelseisgravity.Thestandardmodelfortheformationofablackholeinvolvesthecollapseofalagerstar.Theimaginarysphericalsurfacesurroundingthecollapsedstaristheeventhorizon—anartificialboundaryinpacethatmarksapointofnoreturn.Outsidetheeventhorizon,gravityisstrongbutfinite,anditispossibleforobjectstobreakfreeofitspull.However,oncewithintheeventhorizon,anobjectwouldneedtotravelfasterthanlighttoescape.

Forextremelymassivestars,theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressed一willnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass.Thestar’sincreasingdensitywilloverwhelmtheexclusionprinciple.Whatfollowsisrunawaygravitationalcollapse.Withnointernalforcetostopit,thestarwillsimplycontinuetocollapseinonitself.Onceacollapsingstarhascontractedthroughitseventhorizon,nothingcanstopitfromcollapsingfurtheruntilitsentiremassiscrusheddowntoasinglepoint—apointofinfinitedensityandzerovolume-toesingularity.

Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim.Whatthisprocessleavesbehindisadeterrentkindofhole—aprofounddisturbanceinspace-time,aregionwheregravityis,sointensethatnothingcanescapefromit.Anyobjectfallingwithintheboundaryofablackholehasnochoicebuttomoveinwardtowardthesingularityanddisappearfromouruniverseforever.Moreover,ablackholecanneverbepluggeduporfilledinwithmatter:themorematterthatispoundintoablackholethebiggeritgets.

AWhatwouldhappentoobjects,suchasastronauts,astheyvanishedintoablackhole?BPhysicistshavebeenamusingthemselveswiththisquestionforyears,andmostbelievethattheintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity.CTheoretically,anyastronautswhomortgagedtosurvivethepassagewouldencountersomeverystrangethings.DForinstance,theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse.

Insideablackhole,spacearidtimearesowarpedthatthedistancefromtheeventhorizontothesingularityisnotadistanceinspaceinthenormalsensewhatwecanmeasureinkilometers.Instead,itbecomesadistanceintime.Thetimeittakestoreachthesingularityfromtheeventhorizon—asmeasuredbysomeonefallingin—isproportionaltothemassoftheblackhole.

Theonlywaywhatastronautswouldknowwhethertheyhadcrossedtheeventhorizonwouldbeiftriedtohalttheirfallandclimboutagainbyfiringtheirenginesenoughtopushthemselvesbackfromthecenterofthehole.However,becauseofthetimewarp,iftheastronautstriedtodothis,theywouldreachthesingularityfasterthaniftheyhadlefttheirenginesoff.Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself.

1.ThewordfodderinparagraphIisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

2.Theopposingforcebetweenthemolecularparticlesinsideastariscalled

（

）.

3.Whydoestheauthormentionacartooncharacterinparagraph4?

4.AstronautwhofellintoablackholewouldprobablyexperienceallofthefollowingEXCEPT

（

）.

5.Thephrase“thispoint”inparagraphsevenrefersto（

）.

问题1选项

A.material

B.stones

C.support

D.problems

问题2选项

A.generalrelativity

B.theexclusionprinciple

C.infinitedensity

D.thesingularity

问题3选项

A.Toillustratethecompletedisappearanceoracollapsingstar

B.Towarnofthedangerofbeingsuckedintoablackhole

C.Topointoutahumorousphenomenoninastrophysics

D.Toannouncethecreationofacartoonaboutblackholes

问题4选项

A.distortionofspaceandtime

B.knowledgeoftheuniverse

C.stronggravitationalforces

D.travelingfasterthanlight

问题5选项

A.theeventhorizon

B.firingtheirengines

C.thetimewarp

D.thesingularity

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义题。Fodder所在句为:Blackholeshaveprovidedendlessimaginativefodderforsciencefictionwritersandendlesstheoreticalfodderforastrophysicists(黑洞为科幻小说家提供了无穷无尽的想象素材，也为天体物理学家提供了无尽的理论素材)。其中fodder—词作provide的宾语并且既可以被imaginative修饰也可以被theoretical修饰，因此A项“材料,素材”意思最为接近。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:theexclusionprinciple—theresistancebetweenthemacularparticlewithinthestarastheyarecompressedwillnotbestrongenoughtooffsetthegravitygeneratedbythestar’sownmass(排他原理——恒星内的黄斑粒子在被压缩时的阻力将不足以抵消恒星自身质量产生的引力)。因此题干“恒星内部分子粒子间的反作用力”就是排他原理。

3.判断推理题。根据题干定位至第四段:Thestarnowdisappearsfromtheperceivableuniverse,likeacartooncharacterthatjumpsintoaholeandpullstheholeinafterhim(这行星从我们的宇宙消失了，就像是一个跳进洞里然后消失在洞里的卡通人物)。由此可知cartooncharacter的例子是为了形象说明行星消失的过程，选项A“为了举例说明行星的消失或坍缩”正确。

4.细节事实题。关于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历什么的设想主要集中在文章第五段:theintensegravitationalforceswouldripaparttheastronautslongbeforetheywerecrushedatthesingularity(在宇航员还没到奇点之前就己经被强大的引力撕碎了),故C“强大的引力”表述正确。theywouldexperienceacutetimedistortion,whichwouldenablethemtoknow,inafewbriefseconds,theentirefutureoftheuniverse(他们会经历严重的时间畸变，这会使他们在短短几秒之内了解整个宇宙的未来),故选项A“畸变的时间和空间”和B“宇宙的知识”表述正确。而D“比光速还快”不属于进入黑洞中的宇航员会经历的事件设想，故答案为D。

5.语义题。thispoint所在句为:Moreover,sincetheycouldgetnofartheroncetheyreachedthesingularity,thispointwouldmarktheendoftimeitself(而且,由于当到达奇点后他们就不能继续往前了，这个点将标志着时间的完结)。因此thispoint指thesingularity(奇点)。

14.单选题

Shortlyaftertheboatdocked,thepassengers______.

问题1选项

A.dismounted

B.disembarked

C.dispersed

D.disgruntled

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.dismounted下（马、车等），卸下；取出B.disembarked登陆；上岸

C.dispersed分散；传播D.disgruntled使……不高兴，使愠怒

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由关键信息“Shortlyaftertheboatdocked（船靠岸后不久）”可知，船靠岸后，乘客自然是下船上岸，所以空格处填入disembark符合句意。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项是指从马、自行车、摩托车等陆地工具上下来，不符合句意；

C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】船靠岸后不久，乘客们就下船上岸了。

15.单选题

His______haschangedbuthehaskeptthefinequalitiesofascientificresearcher.

问题1选项

A.state

B.status

C.station

D.statue

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项state“情形，状态”；B选项status“社会地位；（进展的）状况，情形”；C选项station“（旧时）（正式）社会地位；站，所”；D选项statue“雕像”。句意：他的______改变了，但仍保持着科研人员的优良品质。根据语境，这里指他的外在的社会地位变了，但内在品质没有改变，加上这是非常生活化的一句话，可知B选项status“社会地位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

The______behaviorofJohn’sarousedgreatconcernamonghiscolleagues.

问题1选项

A.violent

B.aberrant

C.abominable

D.hostile

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项violent“暴力的”，B项aberrant“异常的，畸变的”，C项abominable“讨厌的，令人憎恶的”，D项hostile“敌对的，敌方的”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入一个形容词作定语修饰主语behavior，结合宾语部分的内容“引起同事们的极大关注”可知，空格处填入B项最符合语境。句意：约翰的反常行为引起了同事们的极大关注。因此，该题选择B项正确。

17.单选题

Oneimpediment（

）thegeneraluseofastandardinpronunciationisthefact（

）pronunciationislearntnaturallyandunconsciously,whileorthographyislearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.

问题1选项

A.in...which

B.of...inwhich

C.on...that

D.to…that

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配及同位语从句。Oneimpedimentto“障碍”，第二个空格后的句子是前面fact的同位语，因此由that引导。D选项符合题意。

18.翻译题

October16thisWorldFoodDay,adayofactionagainsthunger.Thedatecommemoratesthefoundingin1945oftheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization,orFAO.Onthisday,peoplearoundtheworldcometogethertodeclaretheircommitmenttoeradicatehungerinourlifetime.

Overthepastdecadeorso,wehaveseenagreatreductionofpeoplelivingwithhungeronanearlydailybasis.Backthen,aboutoneinsixpeoplewenttobedhungrymostnights.Nowit’saboutoneineverynine.

Nonetheless,thatstillleavessome795,000thousandchronicallyhungrypeoplearoundtheworld.Ofthese,60percentarewomen,andthisdespitethefactthatmostsmallfarmerslivinginthedevelopingworldarewomen.Andwhenwomengohungry,so,alltoooften,dochildren.About161millionkidsundertheageoffivemalnourished.Thismeansthattheirbrainswon’tdevelopnormally,theymayhavedifficultieslearning,andtheirphysicalandcognitivegrowthisstunted.Lackofnutritioncompromisesnotonlytheirownsuccessinthefuture,butalsothedevelopmentofthecommunities,economiesandcountriesinwhichtheylive.Inadditiontothosechildrenwhoarechronicallyundernourished,almost5millionchildrenundertheageof5dieofmalnutrition-relatedcauseseveryyear.

Theglobalcommunityisworkingtoeradicatehunger,becauseitistherightthingtodo.ThefirstoftheUnitedNationsMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,calledforhalvingtheproportionofpeoplesufferingfromhungerandfacingextremepoverty.Wehaveachievedthatgoal.Aswetransitiontoasustainabledevelopmentagendafor2030,wehaveraisedourambitionsandarestrivingtoeffectivelyendhungerandextremepovertyaltogether.

【答案】【参考译文】

10月16日是世界粮食日，在这一天会反对饥饿。这一天是为了纪念FAO，即联合国粮食和农业组织于1945年的这一天成立。就是这一天，世界各地的人们团结一心宣布他们会在有生之年消除饥饿。

在过去的10年间，我们已经很大程度减少了几乎每天忍饥挨饿的人数。当时，大约六分之一的人晚上都是饿着肚子睡觉。而现在大约每9人中仍有1人挨饿。

尽管如此，全世界仍有7950万人长期饥饿。尽管发展中国家的大多数小农是女性，但挨饿的女性仍占60%。而当女性饿肚子，她们的孩子也会挨饿。5岁以下约有1.61亿名儿童营养不良。这表明他们的大脑发育不正常，可能会在获取知识上遇到困难，而且身体及认知上也遇到问题。缺乏营养不仅会影响他们未来的成功，而且也会影响他们所处社会，经济及国家的发展。除了那些长期营养不良的孩子，每年近500万名5岁以下儿童会因营养不良而死亡。

全球社会正在努力消除饥饿，因为这是正确的事情。联合国千年发展目标的第一项就是呼吁将饥饿人口及极端贫困的比例减至一半。我们已经实现了这个目标。当我们过渡到2030年可持续发展议程，我们已经提出了这样的目标并且正努力且富有成效的消除所有饥饿和极端贫困。

19.单选题

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennonverbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetails,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.

Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist’smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldbethevalvesplayed?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisions,suchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking”,nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometric(等距)viewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Ifcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblemsolving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhighspeedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations,theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistheuseofnonscientificthinking?

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheengineeringcurricula（）.

3.Bysaying“paradoxical”inthethirdparagraph,theauthorpointsoutthat（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingisprobablyinaccordancewiththeauthor’sidea?

问题1选项

A.Criticalthinkingmaybederivedfromnonscientificthinking.

B.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesofanobjectcanbeimagined.

C.Manyobjectsarecreatedwithclearverbaldescriptions.

D.Peoplefromdifferenttradesmaybenefitfromnonscientificthinking.

问题2选项

A.arestrongdespitetheabsenceofnonscientificmodesofthinking

B.shouldnotemphasizenonverbalthinkinginallcourses

C.arethoughttoincludeverbalormathematicalcourse

D.canbestrengthenedwhentheyincludecoursesindesign

问题3选项

A.engineeringstudentsdonotunderstandthehistoryofAmericanengineering

B.engineeringstudentsshouldknowmorethanarchitecturalstudents

C.engineeringstudentsshouldperceiveanddesignbetterthanarchitecturalstudentsdo

D.engineeringstudentsneglecttheimportanceofdrawings

问题4选项

A.Mathematicalthinkingisessentialtoanydesigncourse.

B.Nonverbalthinkinghasitsadvantagesoverotherperceptiveprocesses.

C.Engineeringdesigndemandsscientificthought.

D.Artistsplayaprimitiveroleinengineeringwork.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干关键词“nonscientificthinking”可以定位到文章第一段第一句buttheirformandfunction,theirdimensionsandappearanceweredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers—usingnonscientificmodesofthought.（但它们的形式和功能、尺寸和外观是由技术人员、工匠、设计师、发明家和工程师用非科学的思维模式决定的。），说明各个行业的人都可以用到非科学的思维模式。因此D选项“不同行业的人可能从非科学思维中受益”正确。A选项“批判性思维可能来源于非科学思维”，文中没有提及批判性思维，所以A错误。B选项“一个物体的许多特征和品质是可以想象的”不是说的非科学性思维的用处，所以B错误。C选项“许多对象都是用清晰的语言描述创建的”，由原文Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions（技术专家思考的对象的许多特征和品质不能简化为明确的语言描述），说明不能用清晰的语言描述创建，所以C错误。

2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“engineeringcurricula”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.（因此，设计课程应该是工程课程的一个基本元素。），说明设计课程对于工程学课程来说很重要。因此D选项“如果工程学课程包括设计课的话，课程会得到加强”正确。A选项“尽管缺乏非科学的思维模式，但仍然很强大”，由原文Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestockintradeoftheartist,notthescientist.（非语言思维是工程设计的核心机制，它涉及到感知，是艺术家而非科学家的惯用手段。）可知工程学课程包含了非科学思维，所以A错误。B选项“不应在所有课程中强调非语言思维”，C选项“被认为包括语言或数学课程”在文中没有提及，所以B，C错误。

3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“paradoxical”可以定位到文章第三段第四句ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.（但自相矛盾的是，当《美国工程历史记录》的工作人员希望让人画出机器的图纸和工业过程的等距视图，用于其对美国工程的历史记录时，具备必要能力的大学生却不是工科生，而是就读于建筑学院的学生。），说明要求非语言思维的工程专业学生本应该有更好的感知和设计能力，但他们却不如建筑学院的学生，这是自相矛盾的。因此C选项“工程专业的学生应该比建筑专业的学生更好地感知和设计”正确。A选项“工程专业的学生不了解美国工程的历史”，B选项“工程专业的学生应该比建筑专业的学生懂得更多”，D选项“工程专业的学生忽视了图纸的重要性”都不是作者想指出的内容，所以A，B，D错误。

4.观点态度题。A选项“数学思维对任何设计课程都是必不可少的”，由原文theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.（当设计被认为主要是一个数学问题时，它们反映了产生的混乱。），说明数学思维对于设计来说不是必不可少的，所以A错误。C选项“工程设计需要科学的思想”，由原文可知作者强调的是非科学思维，所以C错误。D选项“艺术家在工程工作中扮演着原始的角色”在文中没有提及所以D错误。B选项“非语言思维比其他知觉过程有优势”，由原文可知在很多方面都需要用到非语言思维，说明作者认为非语言思维是有优势的，所以B选项最能代表作者的观点。

20.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparents.UCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethird.JamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants.TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedtosegregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationheatupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwaveofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.Theywereasourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D.HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键字U.S.Congress可以定位到原文第二段“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，中文翻译为：我们不会回到美国国会公开担心低等种族会玷污美国人的血统的时期。因此答案为A选项：他们是低等的民族。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词newimmigrants可以定位到文章第三段中“Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，中文翻译为：这些新移民没有理由不应该有着同样的成功。知B项“他们可以如自己的前辈那样做的一样好”符合题意。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干关键词Mexican-Americans可以定位到文章第四段“TellesfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks—thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，中文翻译为：泰勒担心，墨西哥裔美国人可能注定跟随美国黑人的步伐，即社区中的那个较大的部分可能变得陷入一个似乎永久的贫困和低成就的状态中。因此，D选项“他们可能永远是贫穷且成就低的”最符合题意。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词newimmigrants定位到原文倒数第二段“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，中文翻译为：我们也应该就同化、如何确保曾经的外来者在这些地区不会永远的处于被边缘化而提出一些更加广泛的问题。故C最符合题意。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位倒数第二段“ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.”，中文翻译为：但是，我们也还没有学到如何让美国化进程适应所有人。以及原文最后一段“Thatisamuchlargerquestion...”，中文翻译为：那是一个大的问题……可以得知B项“如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会”最为符合。

21.单选题

CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvesttime，whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsunbakedclay，butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes，drawbridges,etc.Everyvillagehasitsdefence.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan，itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftu