考研考博-英语-南昌师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南昌师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Headdeda（）tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

问题1选项

A.presidency

B.prestige

C.postscript

D.preliminary

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项presidency“总统（或董事长、会长、大学校长等）的职位（任期）”；B选项prestige“威望，声望”；C选项postscript“附言；又及”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的，预备的”。句意：他在信上加了（），说他将在晚上8点前到达。这里表达的意思是“他在附言里说……”，因此C选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewill（

）totheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.

问题1选项

A.confine

B.conform

C.confront

D.confirm

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine“限制；禁闭”；conform“符合；遵守；适应环境（后面一般跟介词to）”；confront“面对；遭遇；比较（为及物动词）”；confirm“确认；证实；批准（及物动词）。句意：特定文化下的绝大部分人会遵守那种文化已建立的标准。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyareonthevergeofextinctionbecauseofpollution.

B.Theycarryplantseedsandspreadthemtofarawayplaces.

C.Theydeliverpollutantsfromtheoceantotheirnestingsites.

D.Theycanbeusedtodelivermessagesintimesofemergency.

问题2选项

A.TheyoriginatefromDevonIslandintheArcticarea.

B.TheymigratetotheArcticCircleduringthesummer.

C.Theyhavetheabilitytosurviveinextremeweathers.

D.Theytravelasfaras400kilometersinsearchoffood.

问题3选项

A.Theyhadbecomemorepoisonous.

B.Theywerecarriedbythewind.

C.Theypoisonedsomeofthefulmars.

D.Theywerelessthanonthecontinent.

问题4选项

A.TheeffectsofthechangingclimateonArcticseabirds.

B.TheharmArcticseabirdsmaycausetohumans.

C.ThediminishingcoloniesforArcticseabirds.

D.ThethreatshumansposetoArcticseabirds.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】PassageOne

Birdsarefamousforcarryingthingsaround.Some,likehomingpigeons,canbetrainedtodelivermessagesandpackages.Otherbirdsunknowinglycarryseedsthatclingtothemfortheride.

Canadianscientistshavefoundaworrisome,newexampleofthepowerthatbirdshavetospreadstuffaround.WayupnorthintheCanadianArctic,[9]seabirdsarepickingupdangerouschemicalsintheoceananddeliveringthemtopondsnearwherethebirdslive.

Some10,000pairsofthebirds,calledfulmars,akindofArcticseabirds,maketheirnestsonDevonIsland,northoftheArcticCircle.[10]Thefulmarstravelsome400kilometersovertheseatofindfood.Whentheyreturnhome,theirdroppingsendupallaroundtheirnestingsites,includinginnearbyponds.

[11]Previously,scientistsnoticedpollutantsarrivingintheArcticwiththewind.Salmonalsocarrydangerouschemicals,asthefishmigratebetweenriversandthesea.Thebodiesoffishandothermeat-eaterscanbuilduphighlevelsofthechemicals.

Totestthepollutingpoweroffulmars,researcherscollectedsamplesofdepositsfrom11pondsonDevonIsland.Inpondsclosesttothecolony,theresultsshowedthattherewerefarmorepollutantsthaninpondslessaffectedbythebirds.

Thepollutantsinthepondsappeartocomefromfishthatfulmarseatwhenthey’reoutontheocean.

[12]Peoplewholive,hunt,orfishnearbirdcoloniesneedtobecareful,theresearcherssay.Thebirdsdon’tmeantocauseharm,butthechemicalstheycarrycancausemajorproblems.

9.WhathaveCanadianscientistsfoundaboutsomeseabirds?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于海鸟，加拿大科学家们有什么发现？录音开头提到，加拿大的科学家发现海鸟能传播污染物：在加拿大北部的北极地区，海鸟从海洋中叼走危险的化学品，并运送到其栖息地附近的池塘里。C选项“它们把海洋里污染物运送到它们筑巢的地方”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“污染导致它们濒临灭绝”录音中并没有提及；B选项“它们携带植物种子，并把种子传播到遥远的地方”这一信息虽然在录音中有所提及，但并不是加拿大科学家们的发现，因此排除；D选项“在紧急情况下，它们会传递信息”，录音中说的这种鸟类是信鸽，而不是海鸟，因此不正确。

10.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheseabirdscalledfulmars?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于管鼻藿这种海鸟，说话人说了什么？录音提到，有一种生活在北极的海鸟，名叫管鼻藿（fulmar）。大约有一万多对管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢。它们会飞行约400公里，穿越海洋寻找食物。D选项“它们飞行400公里寻找食物”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它们起源于北极地区的德文岛”，录音只是提及管鼻藿在北极圈以北的德文岛筑巢，并没有表明它们是起源于德文岛，因此不正确；B选项“它们在夏季迁徙到北极圈”和C选项“它们能在极端天气条件下生存”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

11.WhatdidscientistspreviouslynoticeaboutpollutantsintheArctic?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问科学家以前在北极发现的污染物是什么？录音提到，早前，科学家发现这些污染物是被风吹到北极地区的。B选项中的werecarriedbythewind是录音中arriving…withthewind的同义转述。因此B选项“它们是被风吹来的”正确。A选项“它们毒性越来越大”；C选项“它们毒害了一些管鼻藿”和D选项“它们没有像大陆上残留的那么多”在录音中均没有相关信息提及，因此排除。

12.Whatdoesthespeakerwarnaboutattheendofthetalk?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话者在演讲结束时警告了什么？录音最后提到，研究人员认为，在鸟类栖息地附近生活、狩猎或捕鱼的人们需要提高警惕。这些鸟类本身不会造成危害，但它们携带的化学物质则会引起重大问题。由此可知，此处的“重大问题”应是指会对人类造成危害的问题，因此B选项“北极海鸟可能对人类造成危害”正确。A选项“气候变化对北极海鸟的影响”；C选项“北极海鸟栖息地的减少”和D选项“人类对北极海鸟构成的威胁”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

4.填空题

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereis|oneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

GhostshipsAutonomouscargovesselscouldsetsailwithoutacrewunderthewatchfuleyeofcaptainsinshore-basedsimulators

Militarydronesalreadyflyfrequentmissionsandcivilianoperationsusingunmannedaircraftarecoming.Driverlesscarsareclockingupthousandsoftestmiles.(41)Indeed,themaritimeindustryhasstartedtothinkaboutwhatwouldberequiredtolaunchalatter-dayMarieCdeste.

(42)Thebridgesofsomemodernvesselsarenowmorelikelytocontaincomputerscreensandjoysticksthanenginetelegraphsandagiantship’swheel.ThelatestsupplyshipsservingtheoffshoreoilandgasindustryintheNorthSea,forinstance,usedynamicpositioningsystemswhichcollectdatafromsatellites,gyrocompasses,andwindandmotionsensorstoautomaticallyholdtheirpositionwhentransferringcargo(alsodonebyremotecontrol)toandfromplatforms,evenintheheaviestofswells.

(43)Asintheairandontheroad,robustcontrolsystemswillbeneededtoconformtoexistingregulations.

Themaritimeindustryisinterestedincrewlessshipsfortworeasons.Thefirstissafety.Mostaccidentsatseaaretheresultofhumanerror,justastheyareincarsandplanes.(44)

Thesecondreasonis,ofcourse,cost.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficulttosignupcompetentcrewpreparedtospendmonthsawayatsea.Moreover,somevoyagesarelikelytogetevenlongerforshipscarryingnon-urgentcargo.Bysomeaccounts,a30%reductioninspeedbyabulkcarriercansavearound50%infuel.(45)Removingthecrew,though,alsoremovestheneedfortheiraccommodationanditsassociatedequipment,likeheatingandplumbing.Andthatprovidesroomtocarrymorecargo.

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.

【答案】41.C

42.A

43.F

44.B

45.E

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Ships,likeaircraftandcars,areincreasinglycontrolledbyelectronicsystems,whichmakesautomationeasier.A.像飞机和汽车一样，船舶越来越多地由电子系统控制，这使得自动化更容易。

B.So,ifhumanoperatorsarereplacedbysophisticatedsensorsandcomputersystems,autonomousvesselsshould,intheory,makeshippingsafer.B.因此，如果人工操作员被先进的传感器和计算机系统取代，自动驾驶船舶理论上应该会使航运更安全。

C.Sowhynotletremote-controlledshipssetsailwithoutacrew?C.那么，为什么不让遥控船只在没有船员的情况下启航呢？

D.Somethingsimilarisbeingproposedforautonomouscivildrones,withground-basedpilotsrespondingtocommunicationsandair-trafficcontrolinstructionsasiftheywereinthecockpit.D.类似的东西也被提议用于自主民用无人机，让地面飞行员对通信和空中交通管制指令做出反应，就像他们在驾驶舱里一样。

E.Thismeansslowersteamingcouldprovidebigsavingsinfuelcosts,butitwouldbeattheexpenseofincreasedexpenditureoncrewfortheselongervoyages,bothinwagesandforthe“hotel”facilitiesrequiredonboard.E.这意味着减速航行可以大幅节省燃料成本，但这将以增加船员在这些长途航行中的支出为代价，包括工资和船上所需的“酒店”设施。

F.However,asisalsothecasewithpilotlessaircraftanddriverlesscars,itisnotsomuchatechnologicalchallengethathastobeovercomebeforeautonomousshipscansetsail,butregulatoryandsafetyconcerns.F.然而，就像无人驾驶飞机和无人驾驶汽车一样，在无人驾驶船舶起航之前，需要克服的与其说是技术挑战，不如说是监管和安全方面的担忧。

41.前一句提到“无人驾驶汽车的测试里程已达数千英里”，后一句说到“海运业已经开始考虑建造现代的船舶需要什么条件”，从中可以推测，空格这一句应该是问无人驾驶的船舶，C项正确。

42.该段第二句提到“现在，一些现代船只的船桥上更有可能装有电脑屏幕和操纵杆，而不是发动机电报和巨型轮船的轮子”，并且后面用北海海上石油和天然气行业服务的船舶举例，来描述船舶上的电子系统控制，所以该段第一句与电子系统控制有关，故A项正确。

43.根据该段第二句“就像在空中和道路上一样，鲁棒控制系统将需要符合现有法规（existingregulations）”，可知这一段与上一段是转折关系，这一段描写的是无人驾驶船舶将遇到的一些问题，F项正确。

44.该段讲的是海运业对无船员船舶感兴趣的其中一个原因，即安全，所以最后一句也是对安全的描述，只有B项符合。

45.该段讲的是海运业对无船员船舶感兴趣的另外一个原因，即成本，所以该段都是对成本的阐述，E项正确。

5.翻译题

1924年，第一届冬季奥运会开幕，比赛内容涵盖了多项适合冬季的运动项目。最初的奥运会所指的是我们所说的夏季奥运会。1968年，专门为残疾人举办的第一届特奥会在美国开幕。特奥会与奥运会的概念相似，不同的是，在1993年以前，它一直都是在美国举办的。

【答案】ThefirstWinterOlympicGamesisheldin1924,thecontentofwhichincludesvariouskindsofwintersports.TheinitialO1ympicGamesrefertoSummerOlympicGames.In1968,thefirstOlympicsGamesforthedisabled,namedSpecialOlympicsGameswasheldinAmerica,whichhasasimilarconceptwithOlympicGames.However,whatmakestheSpecialOlympicsGamesdifferentisthatithadbeenheldinAmericabefore1993.

6.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Thehighschoolmydaughterstudiesinis（

）ouruniversity.

问题1选项

A.linkedby

B.relevantto

C.mingledwith

D.affiliatedwith

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项linkby“由……连接”；B选项relevantto“有关的，相应的；与……有关的”；C选项minglewith“和……混合”；D选项affiliatewith“交往；附属于”。句意：我女儿就读的高中……我们的大学。高中与大学的关系应该是“附属关系”，D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.backs（人体或动物的）背部，背B.necks颈，脖子

C.toes脚趾D.heels足跟，脚后跟

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“小偷逃跑了，当地警察______”可知，警察对小偷是紧跟不舍，根据close可以推知空格处表示“紧跟”的意思，而onone’sheels也是常用搭配，表示“紧跟”，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意；

C选项“toes”构成固定搭配onone’stoes“警觉的；作好行动准备的”不符合句子逻辑关系，排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了，当地警察紧追不舍。

9.翻译题

如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。

【答案】Ifthevoltageisappliedtobothendsofthecircuit,therewillbecurrentflowinthecircuit.

10.单选题

Ournetworksecuritysolutionsarebeingusedbydozensofmerchantsathundreds'oflocationsacrossthecountrythatsupportPCI_______requirements.

问题1选项

A.compliance

B.controversy

C.quiescence

D.asseverating

【答案】A

【解析】compliance遵从,服从;controversy争论,辩论;quiescence静止,沉默;asseverate郑重声明,断言。句意：我们的网络安全解决方案正被全国各地数百家支持PCI兼容需求的商家所使用。选项A符合句意。

11.单选题

WithanewCongressdrawingnear,DemocratsandRepublicansarebusilydesigningcompetingeconomicstimuluspackages.TheRepublicansaresuretooffertaxcuts,theDemocrats-amongotherthings—financialreliefforthestates.Thereisonemeasure,however,thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed:acarefullycraftedextensionofthefederalunemploymentinsuranceprogram.TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbeforeitadjournedinNovember.TheHouseofRepresentativesrefusedtogoalong.Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress.

Oneconsequenceisthatjoblessbenefitsforanestimated780,000Americanswillabruptlystop.Tomorrow,eventhoughmostrecipientshavenotyetexhaustedtheirbenefits.PresidentBushfailedtoshowanyleadershiponthismatterduringtheNovemberCongress.Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.

That’snotenough.Thewayunemploymentinsurancetypicallyworksisthatstatesprovidelaid-offworkerswith26weeksofbenefits,followedby13weeksoffederalaid.UnderMr.Bush’sscheme,federalbenefitswouldbeextendedonlyforthosewhowerealreadyreceivingthemonDec.28.Theextensionwouldnotcoverthejoblessworkerswhowillexhausttheirregularstate-fundedbenefitsafterDec.28—anestimated95,000everyweek—butwillreceivenofederalhelpunlesstheprogramisre-authorized.BytheendofMarch,1.2millionworkerscouldfallintothiscategory.

TheSenatesawthisproblemcoming,andundertheleadershipofHillaryRodhamClintonforNewYorkandDonNicklesofOklahoma,passedabillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.TheHouse,forlargelytrivialreasons,refusedtogoalong.

BillFrist,thenewSenatemajorityleader,saysheislookingforwaystoputakinder,gentlerfaceontheRepublicanParty.PassingtheClinton-Nicklesbillwouldbeagoodwaytobegin.TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaintslastyearwasthat,at$5billion,theClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.

Theunemploymentratelastmonthstoodat6percent,thehighestsincemid-1994.Thecountrycouldusea$5billionshotinthearmrightaboutnow.Socouldalotofincreasinglydesperatepeople.

6.Accordingtotheauthor,theproposedextensionis（）.

7.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasoneofthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress?

8.WhomaybenefitfromtheClinton-Nicklesbill?

9.WhydidtheauthorsaytheHouse'scomplaintwasridiculous?

10.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthePresident’srequestfortheextensionanditscoverage?

问题1选项

A.whatthecomingCongressshouldreconsider

B.excludedfromtheeconomicstimuluspackages

C.areliefprogramcarefullydesignedbytheHouse

D.putforwardbybothRepublicansandDemocrats

问题2选项

A.TheHouseofRepresentativesdidnotagreeswiththeSenate.

B.Theunemploymentinsuranceextensionwasnotapproved.

C.Aboosttotheeconomywasnotprovided.

D.Relieftothoseinneedwasnotoffered.

问题3选项

A.Onlythoseenrolledinthefederalprogram.

B.Theestimated95,000unemployedworkers.

C.Justthoseexhaustingtheirstate-fundedbenefits.

D.Laid-offworkers,withorwithoutfederalbenefits.

问题4选项

A.Thereasonsitoffersarelargelyinsignificant.

B.TheClinton-Nicklesbillwastooexpensive.

C.Itstaxcutsproposalisevenmorecostly.

D.Theestimatedcostforthebillisjust$5billion.

问题5选项

A.Shortofvision

B.Lateandincomplete

C.Lackinginconsistency

D.Exhaustivebutineffective

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】6.判断推理题。文章在第一段后半部分提到了提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)。首先，作者对这一项目持的是肯定态度，thatwouldprovidenotonlyanimmediateboosttotheeconomybutalsoimmediaterelieftothosemostinneed（有一项措施不仅能立即提振经济，还能立即救济那些最需要帮助的人）说明了这一项目的好处，指出这一项目是解决两大问题的措施；然后，作者批评了第107届国会Itwasamongthegreatestfailuresofthe107thCongress（这是第107届国会最大的失败之一）。由此可以推知作者的言下之意，就是下一届国会应当重新考虑并采纳这一项目，因此A选项“即将到来的国会应该重新考虑”正确。B选项“被排除在经济刺激计划之外”；C选项“由众议院精心设计的救济计划”以及D选项“由共和党和民主党共同提出”，都是不正确的。

7.事实细节题。本题实际上考查的是对第一段最后一句中的主语it所指的理解。该段在提出提议的延长项目(theproposedextension)后指出:TheSenateapprovedsuchanextensionbefore...refusedtogoalong.（参议院在11月份休会之前批准了这样一个项目。可众议院却不予支持）。由此可以看出，其后一句中的it指代的就是这种参议院批准而众议院否决该项目的情况，因此B选项“失业保险延期未获批准”正确。A选项“众议院不同意参议院的意见”；C选项“经济没有得到提振”以及D选项“没有向有需要的人提供救济”都与原文不符，也无法由原文合理推知。

8.事实细节题。根据题干关键词定位到细节题第四段第一句abillthatwouldnotonlyhavecoveredpeoplealreadyenrolledinthefederalprogrambutprovided13weeksofassistanceforthoselosingtheirstatebenefitsinthenewyear.（该法案将不仅涉及联邦项目中登记的人，还包括提供13周的援助给在新的一年里那些失去国家福利的人。）可知，该法案不但覆盖了那些已经在联邦项目中登记了的人，也为那些在新的一年中将失去州救济金的人提供13周的援助。再来对照选项，D选项“失业工人，有或没有联邦福利”覆盖最完整，因此正确。A选项“只有那些参加了联邦计划的人”；B选项“估计有95000名失业的工人”以及C选项“只有那些耗尽了国家资助的福利的人”均不完整。

9.判断推理题。文章第五段后半部分TheHouseshouldthenfollowsuit.OneoftheHouse’scomplaints...wastooexpensive.That’sridiculous,consideringthecostsofthetaxcutsthatHouseRepublicanshaveinmind.（众议院也应该这样做。众议院去年抱怨的一个问题是，克林顿-尼克尔斯法案耗资50亿美元，太昂贵了。考虑到众议院共和党人所考虑的减税成本，这是荒谬的。）这一段提到了众议院对Clinton-Nickles法案的抱怨，认为这一法案耗资太大。作者也表明了自己的看法认为它很荒唐，然后说明了原因。其言下之意很明显：众议院共和党提出的减税计划耗资比Clinton-Nickles法案更大，故他们认为后者耗资大才显得荒唐可笑。因此C选项“它的减税提议代价更大”正确。A选项“它提供的理由在很大程度上是无关紧要的”；B选项“克林顿•尼克尔斯的法案太昂贵了”以及D选项“这项法案的成本估计只有50亿美元”都与原文不符，也无法由原文推知。

10.判断推理题。文章第二段最后一句Later,hefinallyaskedCongresstoextendtheprogramfortheseworkersandtomakethebenefitseffectivefromDec.28.（后来，他终于要求国会为这些工人延长该计划，并使福利从12月28日起生效。）中提到布什总统最后终于要求国会延长该项目，并于12月28日开始发放救济金。因前面已说过对许多失业工人的救济将在明天突然中止(abruptlystoptomorrow)，故据此即可推知布什总统的要求已经太迟了。接着，在第三段第一句作者表明了自己的态度That'snotenough.(那还不够)，并详细说明了布什总统的计划的缺陷。由此又可推知，作者认为总统的计划不完善。因此C选项“缺乏稳定性”正确。A选项“缺乏远见”；B选项“迟到和不完整的”以及D选项“详尽的但无效”三项都无法由原文推知。

12.单选题

Becauseofhisnobleorigin,heclaimed,hewas（）toasocialpositionhighabovethoseofthecommons.

问题1选项

A.provided

B.credited

C.granted

D.entitled

【答案】C

【解析】beprovided被提供；tobecreditedto相信,把...归功于；begrantedto被授予；有权；beentitledto有…的资格。句意：他声称自己由于出身高贵被授予比一般人高的社会地位。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Accordingtothelatestreport,consumerconfidence（）abreathtaking15pointslastmonth,toitslowestlevelintenyears.

问题1选项

A.soared

B.mutated

C.plummeted

D.fluctuated

【答案】C

【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowestlevelintenyears”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。

14.单选题

Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably（

）reportwithinafewhundredwordsbutwithalltheimportantdetailsincluded.

问题1选项

A.concise

B.brisk

C.precise

D.elaborate

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。concise“简明的，简洁的”；brisk“敏锐的，活泼的”；precise“精确的；明确的”；elaborate“精心制作的；详尽的”。句意：新秘书写了一份相当简洁的报告，只用了几百个单词却包含了所有重要细节。选项A符合题意。

15.单选题

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordtablefollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthetableisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthetablemorethanonce.

Theearliest（1）abouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'saccuracytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartas（2）frommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywas（3）withthestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthe（4）thatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographers（5）thatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyis（6）establishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariously（7）tobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anything（8）makingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.Itshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakefor（9）theconceptofartimposedbythe（10）ofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

问题1选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题2选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题3选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题4选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题5选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题6选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题7选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题8选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题9选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

问题10选项

A.charge

B.securely

C.distinct

D.triumph

E.asserted

F.therefore

G.controversies

H.identity

I.identical

J.garage

K.but

L.granted

M.claim

N.contradicts

O.severely

【答案】第1题:G

第2题:C

第3题:I

第4题:A

第5题:E

第6题:B

第7题:M

第8题:K

第9题:L

第10题:D

【解析】第1题:1.由下文“whether….”可知此空填controversies正确，句意：最早关于摄影和艺术关系的争论集中在…

2.bedistinctfrom“与…不同”。

3.beidenticalwith“与…一致”。

4.由that….可知此空指有人指责。句意：有人指责摄影是没有灵魂的、对现实的机械复制…

5.此空应填一个动词，句意：摄影师们宣称，这是一种特殊的观看方式，是对平庸视觉的反抗，是一种与绘画同等价值的艺术。

6.由ironically以及后半句句意可知此处意为：具有讽刺意味的是，现在摄影被安全地确立为一门艺术，许多摄影师认为它自命不凡或与此标签不相关。

7.claimtodosth“声称做某事”。

8.anythingbut“根本不，决不”。

9.takeforgranted“认为是理所当然的”。

10.此处要填名词。句意：它显示了他们仅仅把现代主义胜利强加的艺术概念视为理所当然的程度：艺术越好，对艺术的传统目标就越有颠覆性。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

第6题:

第7题:

第8题:

第9题:

第10题:

16.单选题

Whenevertwoormoreunusualtraitsorsituationsarefoundinthesameplace,itistemptingtolookformorethanacoincidentalrelationshipbetweenthem.ThehighHimalayasandtheTibetanplateaucertainlyhaveextraordinaryphysicalcharacteristicsandthecultureswhicharefoundtherearealsounusual,thoughnotunique.HoweverthereisnointentionofadoptingMontesquieuviewofclimateandsoilasculturaldeterminants.Theecologyofaregionmerelyposessomeoftheproblemsfacedbytheinhabitantsoftheregion,andwhiletheproblemsfacingacultureareimportanttoitsdevelopment,theydonotdetermineit.

TheappearanceoftheHimalayasduringthelateTertiaryPeriodandtheaccompanyingfurtherraisingofthepreviouslyestablishedrageshadamarkedeffectontheclimateoftheregion.Primarily,ofcourse,itblockedtheIndianmonsoonfromreachingCentralAsiaatall.Secondarily,airandmoisturefromotherdirectionswerealsoreduced.

PriortotheraisingoftheHimalayas,thelandnowformingtheTibetanuplandshadadry,continentalclimatewithvegetationandanimallifesimilartothatofmuchoftherestoftheregiononthesameparallel,butsomewhatdifferentthanthatoftheareasfarthernorth,whichwerealreadydrier.WiththecomingoftheHimalayasandtherelativelysuddendryingoutoftheregion,therewasaseverethinningoutoftheanimalandplantpopulation.TheensuingincompletePleistoceneglaciationshadafurtherthinningeffect,butsignificantlydidnotwipeoutlifeinthearea.Thusaftertheendoftheglaciationstherewereonlyafewvarietiesoflifeextantfromtheoriginalcontinentalspecies.IsolatedbytheKunlunrangefromtheTarimbasinandTurfandepression,specieswhichhadalreadyadaptedtothedrysteppeclimate,andwouldotherwisehavebeenexpectedtoflourishinTibetan,theremainingnativefaunaandfloramultiplied.ArmanddescribestheTibetanfaunaasnothavinggreatvariety,butbeing"striking*'intheabundanceoftheparticularspeciesthatarepresent.Theplantlifeissimilarlylimitedinvariety,withsomeobserversfindingnomorethanseventyvarietiesofplantsineventherelativelyfertileEasternTibetanvalleys,withfewerthantenfoodcrops.Tibetan"tea"isamajorstaple,perhapsreplacingtheunavailablevegetables.

Thedifficultiesoflivinginanenvironmentatoncedryandcold,andpopulatedwithspeciesmoreusuallyfoundinmorehospitableclimates,aregreat.Thesedifficultiesmaywellhaveinfluencedtheunusualpolyandrous(一妻多夫制)societiestypicaloftheregion.Lattimoreseesthemaintenanceofmultiple-husbandhouseholdsasbeingpreservedfromearlierformsbytheharshconditionsoftheTibetanuplands,whichpermittednoexperimentationand"froze"thecultureswhichcamethere.Kawakita,ontheotherhand,seesthepolyandryasawayofeasilypermittingthebesthouseholdertobecometheheadhusbandregardlessofage.HisdetailedstudiesoftheBhoteavillageofTsumjedoseemtosupportthisideaofpolyandryasamethodoftalentmobilityisasituationwhereeventhebesttalentisbarelyenoughforsurvival.

Insum,thoughargumentscanbemadethatapre-existingpolyandroussystemwasstrengthenedandpreserved(insofarasithasbeen)bytherigorsoftheland,itwouldcertainlybeanoverstatementtolaycausativefactorsofanystrongernaturetotheecologicalinfluencesinthiscase.

1.Whatarethe“unusualtraitsorsituations”referredtointhefirstsentence?

2.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

3.Theauthor’sknowledgeofTibetisprobably

（

）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwouldprobablybethemostagreeabletoMontesquieu?

5.ThespeciesoffaunaandfloraremaininginTibetafterthePleistoceneglaciationscanproperlybecalledcontinentalbecausethey（

）.

问题1选项

A.Patternsofanimalandplantgrowth.

B.FoodandfoodpreparationpatternsoftheuplandTibetans.

C.SocialandfamilialorganizationoftypicalTibetansociety.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.analyzethepossiblecausallinksbetweenTibetanecologyandsociety

B.describethesocialorganizationoftypicalTibetanvillages

C.describeTibetanfaunaandflora

D.analyzethemysteriesofthesuddenappearanceoftheHimalayas

问题3选项

A.basedonfirsthandexperience

B.theresultoflifelongstudies

C.derivedfrombooksonly

D.limitedtogeologicalhistory

问题4选项

A.Allregionshavedifferentsoilsandthus,differentcultures.

B.someregionswithsimilarclimateswillhavesimilarcultures.

C.Culturesinthesamearea,sharingsoilandclimate,willbeessentiallyidentical