




版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林工程技术师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million.Failuretoprovethatithadnopartincollusionwithothersupermarketsanddairyprocessorsmaylanditwithafineofatleast£80million.TheOfficeofFairTrading(OFT)saidyesterdaythatAsda,Sainsbury’sandtheformerSafeway,plusthedairycompaniesWiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompany,hadadmittedbeinginacarteltofixpricesformilk,butterandcheese.Theywerefinedatotalofjustover£116millionaspartofaleniencydealofferedbythewatchdogtocompaniesthatownedupquicklytoanti-competitivebehavior.
OfficialsattheOFTadmittedprivatelythattheydidnotthinktheywouldeverdiscoverwhichcompanyorindividualhadinitiatedthepricingformulA.Butthewatchdogrecognizesthatatthetimesupermarketswereunderpressurefrompoliticiansandfarmerstoraisethecostofmilktosavedairyfarming,thoughitisnotcertainthatmoneyfounditswaytofarmers.TheOFTclaimedinSeptemberthatithadfoundevidencethattheretailchainshadpassedfuturemilkpricestodairycompanies,whichthenreachedafixedpriceamongthemselves.
Theaveragecosttoeachhouseholdisthoughttobe£11.25over2002and2003.Priceswentupanextra3ponapintofmilk,15ponaquarterofapoundofbutterand15ponahalf-poundofcheese.Thereisnodirectrecompenseforconsumers,however,andthemoneywillgototheTreasury.TheNationalConsumerCouncilgavewarningthattheadmissionswoulddentconsumerconfidenceinleadinghighstreetnamesandthatpeoplewouldbecomeskepticaloftheirclaims.FarmersforAction,thegroupoffarmersthathasledprotestsoverlowmilkpricessince2000,isseekinglegaladviceonwhetheritcannowbringaclaimforcompensation.
TheOFTinvestigationiscontinuing,however,inrelationtoTesco,MorrisonandthedairygroupLactalisMcLelland,andanylegalactionisexpectedtobedelayeduntilthatiscompleted.
Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions.LucyNeville-Rolfe,itsexecutivedirector,said:“Aswehavealwayssaid,weactedindependentlyandwedidnotcolludewithanyone.Ourpositionisdifferentfromourcompetitorsandwearedefendingourowncasevigorously.Ourphilosophyistogiveagooddealtocustomers.”
MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthatthecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation,
Sainsbury’sadmittedyesterdaythatithadagreedtopay£26millioninfines,butdeniedthatithadsoughttoprofiteer.JustinKing,thechiefexecutive,saidhewasdisappointedthatthecompanyhadbeenpenalizedforactionsmeanttohelpfarmersbutrecognizedthebenefitofaspeedysettlement.Asdadeclinedtosayhowmuchitwouldpayinfinesandalsosaidthatitsintentionhadbeentohelpfarmersunderseverefinancialpressure.
1.Fromthefirstparagraph,wemayinferthat______.
2.Whoismostprobablytheinitiatorofthepricingformula?
3.Theword“defiant”inPara.5mostprobablymeans______.
4.WemayinferfromMorrison’sstatementthat______.
5.Thewriter’sattitudetoTescocanbesaidtobe______.
问题1选项
A.Tescoisthemostresoluteamongalltheretailerstodefenditsreputation
B.itisalreadyprovedthatTescohascolludedwithAsda,Wiseman,DairyCrestandCheeseCompanyinfixingthedairyprice
C.Tescoistryingitsbesttoproveitsinnocenceofthescandal
D.Tescoisofferedaleniencydealof£80millionbecauseofitsquickresponsetotheanti-competitivebehaviors
问题2选项
A.Retailchains
B.Farmers
C.Dairycompanies
D.Politicians
问题3选项
A.confident
B.angry
C.deficient
D.challenging
问题4选项
A.MorrisonturnouttobethemostdefensivewhendealingwithOFT
B.MorrisonisreluctanttosupporttheinquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusiness
C.industryinsiderssuggestthatMorrisonwastryingtodelaytheOFTinvestigationwithnon-cooperation
D.Morrisonindeedrefusestoadmititsinvolvementinthescandal
问题5选项
A.objective
B.biased
C.sympathetic
D.optimistic
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段。A选项“特易购是所有零售商中最坚决捍卫自己声誉的。”推测其他的零售商勾结,并没有体现出捍卫自身的声誉,可排除。B选项“事实已经证明,特易购与阿斯达、怀斯曼、乳品佳洁士和奶酪公司串通操纵乳品价格。”理解错误,特易购要证明自己并没有与其他零售商勾结。C选项“特易购正尽力证明自己在丑闻中的清白。”由题干定位到第一句“Tescoispreparingalegalbattletoclearitsnameofinvolvementinthedairyprice-fixingscandalthathascostconsumers£270million”中文翻译:特易购正准备打一场法律战,以澄清自己卷入这起导致消费者损失2.7亿英镑的奶制品价格操纵丑闻的名声。符合题意,因此C选项正确。D选项“由于特易购对反竞争行为的快速反应,特易购获得了8000万英镑的宽大处理。”理解错误,如果Tesco不能证明自己的清白,将面临8000万英镑的罚款。D选项可排除。综上所述,C选项正确。
2.推理判断题。根据题干,A选项“Retailchains”(零售连锁店),文中所说的零售商只是将奶制品的价格提供给公司,不符合题意,可排除。B选项“Famers”(农民),文中所说的不确定农民是否得到了钱。C选项“Dairycompanies”(乳制品公司),文中所说乳制品公司操纵了的价格,符合题意,C选项正确。D选项“Politicians”(政治家),文中所说,财政部获得了补偿,因此,也可排除。综上所述,C选项正确。
3.词义辨析题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第一句“Tescowasdefiantandsaidthatitwaspreparingarobustdefenseofitsactions”,中文翻译为:特易购对此不以为然,并表示正准备为自己的行为进行强有力的辩护。A选项“自信的”,特易购正准备为自己的行为进行辩护,可推测他对行为很自信。A选项最符合词义。B选项“生气的”,文中没有体现特易购生气,可排除。C选项“不足的,有缺陷的”,不符合题意,可排除。D选项“挑战性的”,不符合题意,可排除。综上所述,A选项正确。
4.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段MorrisonhassupportedtheOFTininquiriesintotheformerSafewaybusinessthatittookover,butinastatementsaidthatitwasstillmaking“strongrepresentations”initsdefense.AspokeswomanforLactalisMcLellandsaidthat
thecompanywas“co-operating”withtheOFT.IndustryinsiderssuggestedthatthethreecompaniesweredeliberatelystallingtheOFTinvestigation.中文翻译为:莫里森支持OFT对其接管的前Safeway业务的调查,但在一份声明中表示,莫里森仍在为OFT进行“强有力的辩护”。LactalisMcLelland的发言人表示,该公司正在与OFT“合作”。业内人士暗示,这三家公司是在故意拖延OFT的调查。判断出C选项“业内人士暗示,莫里森是在试图以不合作的方式拖延OFT的调查”正确。A选项“在处理OFT时,莫里森是最具防御性的”,这里并没有体现莫里森具有防御性,可排除。B选项“莫里森不愿支持对前西夫韦公司的调查”,文中所说,莫里森支持对前Safeway公司的调查,因此,B选项错误。D选项“莫里森公司确实拒绝承认与丑闻有关”,文中并没有提及,可排除。综上所述,C选项正确。
5.观点态度题。通读全文,A选项“objective”(客观的),文中作者对Tesco的态度比较客观,符合题意,A选项正确;B选项“biased”(有偏见的),文中并没有体现作者对于Tesco的偏见,可排除;C选项“sympathetic”(同情的),不符合题意,可排除;D选项“optimistic”(积极的),不符合题意,可排除。综上所述,A选项正确。
2.单选题
Inspiteofthe(
)economicforecasts,manufacturingoutputhasrisenslightly.
问题1选项
A.gloomy
B.miserable
C.shadowy
D.obscure
【答案】A
【解析】考查近义词辨析。gloomy“惨淡”miserable“悲惨的,痛苦的”;shadowy“模糊的”;obscure“晦涩的,不清楚的”。inspiteof表示转折,句子意思为:尽管经济前景不景气,但是制造业的产量略有上涨。选项A符题意。
3.单选题
Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept(
)?
问题1选项
A.ingredients
B.components
C.elements
D.compounds
【答案】A
【解析】ingredient成分,配料,原料;component组件,元件;element元素,要素;compound化合物;混合物。句意:为什么素食餐厅的菜除了配料外,其他各个方面都像肉?选项A符合语境。
4.单选题
Whensuchturbulenceoccursintheattractorfieldsofconsciousness,itcreatesanemotionalupsetthatcontinuesuntilanewlevelof()isestablished.
问题1选项
A.equilateral
B.equilibrium
C.equivocation
D.equivalence
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析和语法。根据空格前的介词of,可知其后填入名词作宾语,选项A可排除。equilibrium“均衡”;equivocation“模棱两可的话”;equivalence“相等”。句意:当这样的动荡发生在意识的引力场时,会造成情绪上的不安,一直会持续直到新的平衡建立起来。选项B符合题意。
5.单选题
Moviedirectorsusemusicto()theactiononthescreen.
问题1选项
A.contaminate
B.compliment
C.contemplate
D.complement
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染,弄脏”;compliment“恭维,称赞”;contemplate“沉思,注视”;complement“补足,补助”。句意:电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。
6.单选题
Livinginthewesternpartofthecountryhasitsproblems,______obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleast.
问题1选项
A.ofwhich
B.which
C.withwhich
D.forwhich
【答案】A
【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。句意:生活在这个国家的西部有很多问题,其中获取淡水还不是小问题。横线到句尾是修饰problems的非限制性定语从句,语序还原为obtainingfreshwaterisnottheleastofproblems,A选项ofwhich符合题意。B选项which缺介词;C选项withwhich和D选项forwhich介词错误。因此A选项正确。
7.单选题
Althoughthefalsebanknotesfooledmanypeople,theydidnot______closeexamination.
问题1选项
A.faceupto
B.makeupto
C.standupto
D.lookupto
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A项faceupto“勇敢地面对”,B项makeupto“接近,奉承”,C项standupto“经得起,抵抗”,D项lookupto“尊敬,崇拜”。根据关键词falsebanknotes“假钞”和closeexamination“仔细检查”可知,C项符合语境。句意:虽然这些假钞骗过了很多人,但它们并没有经得起仔细的检验。因此,该题选择C项正确。
8.单选题
Dogsareoftenpraisedfortheir()theyalmostneverabandontheirmasters.
问题1选项
A.faith
B.loyalty
C.trust
D.truthfulness
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。faith“信仰,信念”;loyalty“忠实,忠心”;trust“信任,信赖”;truthfulness“坦率,正当”。句意:狗经常因其对主人忠实而受到表扬,他们几乎从不会抛弃他们的主人。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。
9.单选题
Scientificresearchresultscannowbequickly()tofactoryproduction.
问题1选项
A.used
B.applied
C.employed
D.practiced
【答案】B
【解析】考查固定搭配。beusedto表示“被用来;习惯于”,beappliedto表示“被运用于,应用于”,beemployedto表示“被使用于;被雇佣于”,practice通常与put构成搭配“putsth.topractice”表示“把……付诸于实践”。由句意可知,如今科研成果是被应用于工厂生产。因此,只有B项符合原句含义和搭配,故本题正确答案为B选项。
10.单选题
Theremarkable()oflifeontheGalopagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.
问题1选项
A.classification
B.variety
C.density
D.diversion
【答案】B
【解析】词汇题。variety变种,
多样,
种种;classification分类,
类别,
级别;density
稠密,
密度;diversion转移,
消遣。根据句意,这里应该是生命的多样性。选项B正确。句意:加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯·达尔文建立了他的进化论。
11.单选题
Undertheumbrellaoftheindependentspirit,millionsofimmigrantscametothiscountryseekingshelterfromintolerance,prejudice,and(
).
问题1选项
A.persistence
B.permanence
C.perspective
D.persecution
【答案】D
【解析】考察名词辨析。persistence坚持;permanence持久;perspective远景,观点;persecution迫害;句意:在独立精神的庇护下,成千上万的移民来到这个国家。他们在这里寻求庇护,远离褊狭、偏见和迫害。选项D符合句意。
12.单选题
Themountaintopwas()visibleinthemistysummermorning.
问题1选项
A.dimly
B.blankly
C.obscurely
D.blurredly
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个山顶在有雾的夏日清晨里朦胧可见。
考查副词辨析。Dimly昏暗地,朦胧地,模糊地;blankly茫然地,茫然若失地,呆呆地;obscurely费解地,晦涩地;blurredly模糊地。由题干关键信息“mistysummermorning(有雾的夏日清晨)”可知A项符合句意。
13.单选题
StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanismsthatallowthesealtocopewiththeextremeoxygendeprivationthatoccursduringitslongestdives,whichcanextend500metersbelowtheocean’ssurfaceandlastforover70minutes.Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.
Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygen,anditsarteriesbecomeconstricted,ensuringthattheseal’sbloodremainsconcentratednearthoseorgansmostcrucialtoitsabilitytonavigateunderwater.Thesealessentiallyshutsofftheflowofbloodtootherorgans,whicheitherstopfunctioninguntilthesealsurfacesorswitchtoananaerobic(oxygen-independent)metabolism.ThelatterresultsintheproductionoflargeamountsoflacticacidwhichcanadverselyaffectthepHoftheseal’sbloodbutsincetheanaerobicmetabolismoccursonlyinthosetissueswhichhavebeenisolatedfromtheseal’sbloodsupply,thelacticacidisreleasedintotheseal’sbloodonlyafterthesealsurfaces,whenthelungs,liver,andotherorgansquicklycleartheacidfromtheseal’sblood-stream.
Recentfieldstudies,however,revealthatondivesinthewild,thesealusuallyheadsdirectlyforitspreyandreturnstothesurfaceinlessthantwentyminutes.Theabsenceofhighlevelsoflacticacidintheseal’sbloodaftersuchdivessuggeststhatduringthem,theseal’sorgansdonotresorttotheanaerobicmetabolismobservedinthelaboratory,butaresuppliedwithoxygenfromtheblood.Theseal’slongerexcursionsunderwater,duringwhichitappearstobeeitherexploringdistantroutesorevadingapredator,doevokethedivingresponseseeninthelaboratory.Butwhydotheseal’slaboratorydivesalwaysevokethisresponse,regardlessoftheirlengthordepth?Somebiologistsspeculatethatbecauseinlaboratorydivesthesealisforciblysubmerged,itdoesnotknowhowlongitwillremainunderwaterandsopreparesfortheworst.
36.Thepassageprovidesformationtosupportwhichofthefollowinggeneralizations?
37.Thepassagesuggeststhatduringlaboratorydives,thepHoftheWeddellseal’sbloodisnotadverselyaffectedbytheproductionoflacticacidbecause______.
38.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainpointofthepassage?
39.TheauthorciteswhichofthefollowingascharacteristicoftheWeddellseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorduringdivesobservedinthelaboratory?
I.Adecreaseintherateatwhichtheseal’sheartbeats.
II.Aconstrictionoftheseal’sarteries.
III.Adecreaseinthelevelsoflacticacidintheseal’sblood.
IV.Atemporaryhaltinthefunctioningofcertainorgans.
40.ThepassagesuggeststhatbecauseWeddellsealsareforciblysubmergedduringlaboratorydives,theydowhichofthefollowing?
问题1选项
A.Observationsofanimals’physiologicalbehaviorinthewildarenotreliableunlessverifiedbylaboratorystudies.
B.Itisgenerallylessdifficulttoobservethephysiologicalbehaviorofananimalinthewildthaninthelaboratory.
C.Thephysiologicalbehaviorofanimalsinalaboratorysettingisnotalwaysconsistentwiththeirphysiologicalbehaviorinthewild.
D.Theleveloflacticacidinananimal’sbloodislikelytobelowestduringthoseperiodsinwhichitexperiencesoxygendeprivation.
问题2选项
A.onlythoseorgansthatareessentialtotheseal’sabilitytonavigateunderwaterreverttoananaerobicmechanism
B.thesealtypicallyrevertstoananaerobicmetabolismonlyattheveryendofthedive
C.organsthatreverttoananaerobicmetabolismaretemporarilyisolatedfromtheseal’sbloodstream
D.oxygencontinuestobesuppliedtoorgansthatclearlacticacidfromthesealsbloodstream
问题3选项
A.RecentfieldstudieshaveindicatedthatdescriptionsofthephysiologicalbehavioroftheWeddellsealduringlaboratorydivesarenotapplicabletoitsmosttypicaldivesinthewild.
B.TheWeddellsealhasdevelopedanumberofuniquemechanismsthatenableittoremainsubmergedatdepthsofupto500metersforupto70minutes.
C.TheresultsofrecentfieldstudieshavemadeitnecessaryforbiologiststorevisepreviousperceptionsofhowtheWeddellsealbehavesphysiologicallyduringitslongestdivesinthewild.
D.Biologistsspeculatethatlaboratorystudiesofthephysiologicalbehaviorofsealsduringdiveslastingmorethantwentyminuteswouldbemoreaccurateifthesealswerenotforciblysubmerged.
问题4选项
A.IandIIIonly
B.IIandIVonly
C.IIandIIIonly
D.I,II,andIVonly
问题5选项
A.Exhibitthephysiologicalresponsesthatarecharacteristicofdivesinthewildthatlastlessthantwentyminutes.
B.Exhibitthephysiologicalresponsesthatarecharacteristicofthelongerdivestheyundertakeinthewild.
C.Copewithoxygendeprivationlesseffectivelythantheydoontypicaldivesinthewild.
D.Producesmalleramountsoflacticacidthantheydoontypicaladivesinthewild.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:B
【解析】36.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段是本文的中心观点,之后的内容都围绕着第一段展开。第一段说到StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanisms…Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.(在实验室里对威德尔海豹的研究已经描述了它的生理机制……然而,最近的实地研究表明,在更典型的野外潜水中,这种海豹的生理行为是不同的。),说明动物在实验室里和在野外中的生理行为是不同的。因此C选项“动物在实验室环境中的生理行为与其在野外的生理行为不一定一致”正确。A选项“对动物在野外的生理行为的观察是不可靠的,除非经过实验室研究验证”,B选项“一般来说,在野外观察动物的生理行为比在实验室观察难度要小”,D选项“动物血液中乳酸的含量在缺氧的时期可能最低”在文中均没有提及,所以A,B,D错误。
37.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“lacticacid”可以定位到文章第三段第二句Theabsenceofhighlevelsoflacticacidintheseal’sbloodaftersuchdivessuggeststhatduringthem,theseal’sorgansdonotresorttotheanaerobicmetabolismobservedinthelaboratory,butaresuppliedwithoxygenfromtheblood.(这样潜水后,海豹的血液中没有了高浓度的乳酸,这说明在潜水过程中,海豹的器官并不依赖于实验室观察到的无氧代谢,而是从血液中获得氧气。),说明在实验室潜水过程中,威德尔海豹血液的pH值不会因乳酸的产生而受到不利影响,因为这时进行的是无氧代谢,和血液里的氧气无关。因此C选项“恢复无氧代谢的器官暂时与海豹的血液隔离”正确。A选项“只有那些对海豹潜水能力至关重要的器官才会恢复到无氧机制中去”,原文没有提到只有对海豹潜水能力至关重要的器官,所以A错误。B选项“海豹通常在潜水结束后才会恢复到无氧代谢状态”,原文说的是在实验室进行潜水实验时会恢复到无氧代谢状态,不是在潜水结束后,所以B错误。D选项“氧气继续供应给清除海豹血液中乳酸的器官”在文中没有提及,所以D错误。
38.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段说到StudiesoftheWeddellsealinthelaboratoryhavedescribedthephysiologicalmechanisms…Recentfieldstudies,however,suggestthatduringmoretypicaldivesinthewild,thisseal’sphysiologicalbehaviorisdifferent.(在实验室里对威德尔海豹的研究已经描述了它的生理机制……然而,最近的实地研究表明,在更典型的野外潜水中,这种海豹的生理行为是不同的。),说明威德尔海豹在实验室潜水时的生理行为和在野外中潜水的生理行为是不同的。因此A选项“最近的野外研究表明,对威德尔海豹在实验室潜水时的生理行为的描述不适用于它在野外最典型的潜水。”正确。B选项“威德尔海豹已经发展出一些独特的机制,使它能够在500米的深度保持潜水状态长达70分钟。”,这只是对威德尔海豹在实验室潜水时生理行为的描述,不能概括文章主旨,所以B错误。C选项“最近的野外研究结果使生物学家有必要修正以前对威德尔海豹在野外最长时间潜水时的生理行为的认识。”,原文只说了两者有不同,没有说要对之前的认识进行修正,所以C错误。D选项“生物学家推测,如果不强行将海豹浸入水中,实验室对海豹在持续20分钟以上的潜水期间的生理行为的研究会更加准确。”在文中没有提及,所以D错误。
39.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】客观细节题。题干中给出的四个特点为:1.海豹心脏跳动的速度下降;2.海豹的动脉收缩;3.海豹血液中的乳酸含量减少;4.某些器官的功能暂时停止。由第二段第一句Inthelaboratory,whenthesealdivesbelowthesurfaceofthewaterandstopsbreathing,itsheartbeatsmoreslowly,requiringlessoxygen,anditsarteriesbecomeconstricted(在实验室里,当海豹潜入水面以下停止呼吸时,它的心脏跳动得更慢,需要的氧气更少,动脉收缩)可知,在实验室里观察到的威德尔海豹在潜水过程中的生理行为有心脏跳动的速度下降、动脉收缩,所以特点1、2正确。由Thesealessentiallyshutsofftheflowofbloodtootherorgans,whicheitherstopfunctioninguntilthesealsurfacesorswitchtoananaerobic(oxygen-independent)metabolism.(海豹基本上切断了流向其他器官的血液,这些器官要么停止运作,直到海豹浮出水面,要么切换到无氧代谢。),说明海豹某些器官的功能暂时停止,所以特点4正确。特点3是海豹在野外潜水时的生理行为,排除3。因此D选项“仅一、二、四”正确。A选项“仅一和三”,B选项“仅二和四”,C选项“仅二和三”均不符合题意,所以A,B,C错误。
40.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三、五句Theseal’slongerexcursionsunderwater,duringwhichitappearstobeeitherexploringdistantroutesorevadingapredator,doevokethedivingresponseseeninthelaboratory.Somebiologistsspeculatethatbecauseinlaboratorydivesthesealisforciblysubmerged,itdoesnotknowhowlongitwillremainunderwaterandsopreparesfortheworst.(海豹在水下的较长时间潜水期间,它似乎要么是在探索遥远的路线,要么是在躲避捕食者,这确实唤起了在实验室里看到的潜水反应。一些生物学家推测,因为在实验室潜水时,海豹是被迫潜入水中的,它不知道自己要在水下待多久,所以要做最坏的打算。),说明威德尔海豹在实验室潜水过程中被强行浸入水中时的生理反应和在野外较长时间潜水的反应差不多。因此B选项“表现出它们在野外进行较长时间潜水时的生理反应特点”正确。A选项“表现出在野外潜水时持续不到20分钟的生理反应”,C选项“应对缺氧的效果比它们在野外典型潜水时的效果要差”,D选项“产生的乳酸量比它们在野外典型潜水时少”均与原文表述的意思相反,所以A,C,D错误。
14.单选题
Thewriterseemsto()betweenapprovingofCollin’sactionsandfindingthemdisgusting.
问题1选项
A.alter
B.transform
C.vacillate
D.vibrate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项的意思分别是:alter更改;transform改变,改观;vacillate犹豫不定;vibrate振动,摆动。句意:作者似乎在赞成和否定柯林的行为之间举棋不定。vacillatebetween意为“在…之间摇摆不定”,根据句意可推出正确答案是C。
15.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish.
对于希望利用中国大量廉价劳动力的国内外企业来说,多年来,中国沿海制造业中心一直是生产基地的上上之选。然而,自今年5月份以来,中国境内劳资争端明显增多,加之人民币走强以及政府采取行动遏制污染和产能过剩,表明这种低成本的生产模式己不再稳固。
【答案】Overtheyears,China’scoastalmanufacturingcenterhasalwaysbeenthebestchoiceforproductionbasesforenterprisesathomeorabroadwhowanttotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofChinesecheaplabors.However,sinceMaythisyear,thesignificantincreaseofindustrialdisputes,theappreciationofRMBaswellastheactionsadaptedbygovernmentsinordertocurbpollutionandexcesscapacityshowthatthiskindofproductionpatterninlowcostisnolongerstable.
16.单选题
Thecompanywill()toitsagreement,nomatterhowcostlytheprocessmaybe.
问题1选项
A.retain
B.alter
C.abandon
D.adhere
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。retain“保持;记住”;alter“改变;修改”;abandon“放弃”;adhere“坚持;依附”,根据nomatterhow“无论如何”可知此处要表达的是这个公司非常坚定的态度,四个选项中只有adhere表明了这个公司的立场,且adhere与介词to是固定搭配,表示“坚持……”。句意:这个公司会……他的协议,不管这一过程的代价会有多大。由此可知选项D正确。
17.单选题
Ifapersonfailstoconformtoconventionalbehavior,heislikelytobebyothers.
问题1选项
A.preserved
B.instructed
C.avoided
D.selected
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据关键信息failstoconformtoconventionalbehavior可知,这种行为不合常规。那么别人有可能会因此生厌,敬而远之。词组beavoidedbyothers表示“被他人远离(或排挤)”,最符合句意,A选项preserved表示“保护,保存”;B选项instructed表示“指示,教育,指导”;C选项表示“”;D选项selected表示“选择,挑选”。因此,本题正确答案为C项。【句意】如果一个人行为不合常规,那么别人很可能对他敬而远之。
18.单选题
Thethreatofageneralstrikewas()onlybypromptgovernmentaction.
问题1选项
A.averted
B.diverted
C.subverted
D.deviated
【答案】A
【解析】句意:只有政府迅速采取行动,才能避免大罢工的威胁。
考查动词辨析。avert避免;转移;divert转移;使…转向;subvert颠覆;破坏;deviate偏离;越轨。该处动词主语是Thethreatofageneralstrike(大罢工的威胁),故A项正确。
19.单选题
Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.
Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.
Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.
Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.
1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe().
2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?
3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT().
4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare().
5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton().
问题1选项
A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates
B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates
C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates
D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState
问题2选项
A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.
B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.
C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.
D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.
问题3选项
A.povertyelimination
B.taxpolicy
C.rejuvenationofinnercities
D.spaceexploration
问题4选项
A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues
B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues
C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues
D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues
问题5选项
A.governanceinnovation
B.jurisdictionparticipation
C.landreform
D.olderestablishedareas
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:C
第3题:D
第4题:C
第5题:A
【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段主要列举的大量的实例说明新兴的联盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了这些新兴联盟的任务和工作。第三段讲到了新兴联盟在交通和土地使用问题上发挥作用。最后一段主要表达了政府也开始关注这些社会上的新兴力量。所以正篇文章围绕新兴的联盟展开。选项C符合题意。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”,可知农民和农村活动人士都意识到,不协调的郊区扩张会带来不必要的成本。所以城市发展的问题在于郊区不协调而不受控制的扩张。选项C符合题意。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”,可知他们选择修复现有的基础设施,投资公共交通,保护开放空间,而不是修建更多的道路。可判断出他们关心的问题是关于保留空间,而不是空间的探索利用。选项D符合题意。
4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段,“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”,列举了查塔努加、波特兰和圣路易斯的领导人在交通和土地方面的措施,进一步说明了新城市联盟对交通和土地利用问题方面产生影响。选项C符合题意。
5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段,“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”,可知几个州府已经意识到新都市政治的力量,并正在采取各种改革措施来给予支持。然后下文继续列举并介绍了州府采取的改革和管理措施。选项A符合题意。
20.单选题
Theirnewpolicygave______toincreasedunemployment.
问题1选项
A.arise
B.arouse
C.raise
D.rise
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项arise“产生;发生;出现(常用于抽象事物)”;B选项arouse“引起;唤醒;鼓励;激发”;C选项raise“提高;筹集;养育;升起;饲养,种植”(及物动词,表示把某具体事物抬起高处或提高某抽象事物);D选项rise“攀升;起床;升起;休会;(数量)增加;变得更成功”(使用范围广,既用于具体事物的“上升、增长”,又用于抽象事物的“上涨”)。根据固定搭配giveriseto“引起;导致;造成;产生”可知句意为:他们的新政策导致更多人失业。因此D选项正确。
21.单选题
Nooneneedstofeelawkwardin(
)hisowncustoms.
问题1选项
A.pur
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 老年人卫生清洁照料课件
- 山东省威海市2025年中考历史试题及答案
- 老年个案管理课件
- 人教版八年级英语下册期末复习:考前小题狂做120道(含答案)
- 老人食品养生知识培训课件
- 2025拆迁安置补偿协议书模板下载
- 2025版外聘项目管理顾问聘用合同
- 2025版石材行业知识产权保护合同
- 2025年度铁路安全防护设施施工合同
- 2025窗帘外贸出口订单合作合同范本
- 2025至2030中国无机絮凝剂行业市场深度研究及发展前景投资可行性分析报告
- 产品需求分析模板及开发计划表
- 抗战胜利八十周年纪念-2025-2026学年高二上学期爱国主义教育主题班会
- 2025年成人高考大专试卷及答案
- 2025年安徽省综合评标评审专家库考试历年参考题库含答案详解(5卷)
- 天津市河西区2024-2025学年八年级下学期期末物理试题(含答案)
- 2025年保密教育线上培训考试题带答案
- 中成药合理使用培训课件
- 国企公司合并方案(3篇)
- 2025年海南省通信网络技术保障中心招聘事业编制人员考试笔试试卷【附答案】
- 2025年江苏省昆山市辅警招聘考试试题题库及答案详解(典优)
评论
0/150
提交评论