考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川中医药高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Onlyapersonwithapairofkeeneyescouldpickoutthose（）paintingsfromtheseunwantedmaterials.

问题1选项

A.valueless

B.worthless

C.priceless

D.featureless

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。valueless微不足道的;worthless一文不值的;priceless无价的,贵重的;featureless无特色的。句意：只有一双敏锐的眼睛才能从这些多余的材料中找出那些无价的画。选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Theelectricfandoesnotworkbecauseofthe（

）ofservice.

问题1选项

A.pause

B.break

C.interruption

D.breakdown

【答案】C

【解析】句意:由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。

名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇;break停顿，间歇;interruption中止，中断;breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知theofservice这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。

3.单选题

Itistimethenationsoftheworld（

）ahalttothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.wouldcall

B.call

C.called

D.willcall

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定用法。Itistime(that)sb.didsth.意为“是做某事的时候了...”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。

4.单选题

SeveralofAsianprofessorswhospokeattheconferenceexpressedtheirsupportfortheideaofholdingaspecialmeetinginPerthtofacilitatemultinationalresearchontheeconomicAproblemsfacingthecountriesaroundtheIndianOcean.

问题1选项

A.SeveralofAsianprofessors

B.attheconference

C.problemsfacingthe

D.countriesaroundthe

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】介词多余。Several后面去掉Of。

5.单选题

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不动的,静止的;stagnant停滞的,迟钝的;briskness敏捷,活泼;sluggish行动迟缓的。句意：上周，学校董事会主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT数学成绩的提高，也哀叹语文成绩停滞不前。选项B符合句意。

6.单选题

Wearemakinglittle（）inpollutioncontrol.

问题1选项

A.headway

B.sideway

C.edgeways

D.leeway

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项headway“前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间”；B选项sideway“人行道；小巷”；C选项edgeways“侧着；边对边地；在边上的”；D选项leeway“退路；留有余地；风压差；余地”。根据固定搭配makelittleheadway“前进的步伐很小；没什么进展”可知该题选headway。句意：我们在控制污染方面成绩甚微。因此A选项正确。

7.单选题

10.In1914,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartofEasternEurope（

）Europeintoagreatwar.

问题1选项

A.inserted

B.pitched

C.plunged

D.imposed

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。insert“插入，嵌入”后接in/into/between；pitch“用力扔，投，抛”；plunge“使…陷入（某种状态），把…抛进”，常和介词into搭配使用;impose“迫使，把…强加于”，常和介词on/upon搭配使用。句意：1914年，发生在东欧一个偏僻地区的一件微不足道的小事使欧洲陷入了一场大战。根据题干介词into可知只有C项符合。答案选C。

8.单选题

GraycloudsmoveaslowassmokeoverthetreetopsatLoloPass.Thegroundiswhite.ThedayisJune10.IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrekovertheLoloTrail—95milesfromLoloMontanatoWeippeinIdaho,acrosssomeoftheroughestcountryintheWest.LewisandClarkwerenearlydefeated200yearsagobysnowstormsontheLolo.TodayFairchildisnervouslycheckingtheweatherreports.Hehasagreedtotakemeacrossthetoughest,middlesectionofthetrail—“butwiththisweather?’’

WhenLewisclimbedatopLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805,hewasastonishedbywhatwasinfrontofhim:“immenserangesofhighmountainsstilltotheWestofuswiththeirtopspartiallycoveredwithsnow”.NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted,withpeakstwiceashighasanythingintheAppalachiansbackEast.LewisandClarkweren’tmerelyoffthemap;theyweretravelingoutsidetheAmericanimagination.

Todaytheirpathwaythroughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisatestimonytothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardshipsandtheNative-Americanswhoprizeandconservethepathasasacredgift.ItremainstodayinvirtuallythesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.

TheLoloispassableonlyfromJulytomid-September.Ourluckisholdingwiththeweather,althoughthesnowseepsgettingdeeper.AsweclimbtoIndianPostoffice,thehighestpointonthetrailat7,033ft.,thedriftsare15ft,andup.Wehavecovered12milesinsoftsnow,andwebarelyhaveenoughenergytomakedinner.Afteramealofchickenandcouscous,Isitonarockontopoftheridge.Thereisnolightvisibleinanydirection,notevenanothercampfire.Forfourdayswedonotseeanotherhumanbeing.Weareisolatedinawaythatmixesfearwithjoy.InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatbefore1805

（

）.

2.Judgingfromthecontext,theword“trek”(Line3,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

3.WelearnfromthepassagethattheLoloPass

（

）.

4.Judgingfromthecontext.LewisandClarkweremostprobably

（

）.

5.WecaninferfromthepassagethatincrossingtheLoloPasstheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.noAmericansknewabouttheexistenceoftheRockyMountains

B.therewerenopeoplelivinginthewesternpartofAmerica

C.nooneeverimaginedgoingwesttothePacificOcean

D.theAppalachianswerethewesternfrontieroftheUnitesStates

问题2选项

A.alonelywalkinisolatedcountry

B.alonghardjourneyoverroughterrain

C.atoughclimbuphighmountains

D.ajourneyoverun-traveledpathways

问题3选项

A.remainsmuchasitwas200yearsago

B.haschangedalotsince1805

C.nowattractslargenumbersoftourists

D.isthemeetingpointoftwocultures

问题4选项

A.twonativeIndians

B.explorersoftheearly19thcentury

C.merchantswhodidbusinesswiththeIndians

D.travelerswhosecuriositytookthemovertheLoloPass

问题5选项

A.wasfollowingthetrailofLewisandClark

B.wastryingtosetaworldrecord

C.wasattemptingtheimpossible

D.wasgamblingwithweatherandtakingunnecessaryrisks

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中的NobodyinwhatwasthentheUSknewtheRockyMountainsexisted（在当时的美国，没有人知道落基山脉的存在）可知选A。

第2题:词义题。由文章第一段中的IthasbeensnowingforthepastfourdaysintheBitterrootMountains.（过去四天里，Bitterroot山脉一直在下雪）WayneFairchildisgettingworriedaboutourtrekovertheLoloTrail可推测下雪天使爬山变得更加艰难，因此C选项“艰难的爬上高山”符合题意。trek表示“长途跋涉，艰难的旅程（尤指在山区）”。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段的最后一句ItremainstodayinvirtuallythesameconditionaswhenLewisandClarkwalkedit.（如今它保持着与Lewis和Clark那时攀登上去一样的条件）可知A选项“保持和200年前一样”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中的WhenLewisclimbedatopLemhiPass,140milessouthofMissoula,onAug.12,1805（1805年8月12日，Lewis爬上米苏拉以南140英里的LemhiPass）和第三段中的Todaytheirpathwaythroughthosemountainsholdsmoreattractionthananyothergroundoverwhichtheytraveled,foritsrawwildernessisatestimonytothecharacteroftwocultures:theexplorerswhobraveditshardships（今天，他们穿过这些山脉的路径比他们所走过的任何其他地方都更具吸引力，因为原始的荒野证明了两种文化的特征：勇于面对艰辛的探险家）可推测他们是19世纪早期的探险家，因此选B。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的最后一句InourimaginationwehavefinallycaughtupwithLewisandClark.（在我们的想象中，我们终于赶上了Lewis和Clark）可推测他们是在追寻Lewis和Clark的足迹，因此选A。

9.单选题

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

问题1选项

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

问题2选项

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

问题3选项

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

问题4选项

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

问题5选项

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】

1.本题询问这篇文章的写作目的。A项意为“为了揭示一个生物学家是如何对鲸鱼研究感兴趣的”；B项意为“描述了一个科学家与鲸鱼一起工作的经历”；C项意为“讨论了在哪些方面鲸鱼和其他哺乳类动物相似”；D项意为“为了突出进行鲸鱼研究工作中存在的危险”。根据文章的内容可知，本文主要是一个记叙文，作者描述了自从1967年以来就一直在研究鲸鱼。那段经历的一个愉快之处就是发现我们永远也没有可能让鲸鱼去使用人类的时间观。B选项更符合题意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意为“火花和烟雾”。A项意为“一个直接的方法是徒劳的”；B项意为“科学看起来似乎很神奇”；C项意为“这项工作有多么危险”；D项意为“有多么的努力”。根据划线句所在的这一句话‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.当我们拼命地想弄清楚这到底是什么东西的时候，这种动物的庞大身躯不时地从我们身边滑过。尽管有许多火花和烟雾，我们到目前为止只完成了这个钥匙孔的一个小的扩大。’确定作者要表达的意思是尽管付出了种种努力，到目前为止我们也不过就相当于把那个钥匙孔扩大了一点点。所以划线词是与“努力”有关的，D选项符合题意。

3.A项意为“特定物种的行为方式最初无法被看到是什么的行为”；B项意为“一个典型的能在鲸鱼等动物中发现的令人惊讶的人类行为”；C项意为“显然无益的行为却可能发挥着重要的作用”;D项意为“在许多物种中发现但是以违背物种之间进行的对比的一种形式存在的行为”。根据第二段内容可知，一个行为模式的作用最大的线索之一是它出现的节奏。因为我们通常会把玩耍和快速的行动联系在一起，能够意识到鲸鱼在玩耍的关键就在于要有不同的思维，它们玩耍要有更长，更缓慢的节奏，动作更加地绵延迟缓。故所以A选项“特定物种的行为方式最初无法被看到是什么的行为”符合题意。

4.根据文章最后三句话‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意识到，通过被动的观察来发现事物能带来更大的回报。我很快意识到，被动观察所带来的约束比实验工作所带来的约束更具挑战性。它更像是十四行诗形式的限制，使得写诗变得精致而富有挑战性。被动观察需要一种更微妙的思维方式，其结果可能是十四行诗，而不是民谣。’根据句意可知这里强调的是“passive”观察，也就是受限制的观察，C选项“传达了对一个明显的限制的赞赏”更符合题意。

5.根据最后一段开头‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物学生涯的头十年里，我是一个实验主义者。’确定A选项‘“作者在开始从事鲸鱼研究之前的调查”’有涉及；由这一段后文内容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鲸鱼的研究工作时需要翻遍方法以及自己对不同的充满挑战的研究方法的关注，确定C选项“和鲸鱼工作时所需要的方法的变化”和D选项“作者关心的是是否有能力进行不同类型的研究”两项有涉及；但B选项“作者选择鲸鱼作为研究的主题的动机”作者并没有提到，所以B选项符合题意。

10.单选题

Withtheconstantchangeoftheconditions,theoutcomeisnotalways（）.

问题1选项

A.favorable

B.predictable

C.dependable

D.reasonable

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favorable“有利的，良好的”；B选项predictable“可预测的”；C选项dependable“可靠的，可信赖的”；D选项reasonable“合理的”。句意：随着环境的不断变化，结果并不总是可以预测的。选项B符合语境。

11.单选题

Owingtoanacutelackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

问题1选项

A.urgent

B.grave

C.stressful

D.increasing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项urgent“紧急的，急迫的”，B项grave“重大的，严肃的”，C项stressful“紧张的，有压力的”，D项increasing“越来越多的，渐增的”。句意：由于低收入者住房的严重匮乏，市政府对于严重的住房问题感到为难。acute在句中表示“严重的”，四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此，该题选择B项。

12.单选题

Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtletythatitalmostreadlikea______ofherearlierwork.

问题1选项

A.parley

B.paranoia

C.parody

D.parole

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项parley“谈判，会谈”，B项paranoia“偏执狂，妄想狂”，C项parody“拙劣的模仿，诙谐的改编诗文”，D项parole“言语，誓言，诺言”。由Herlaterwritingsolackedsubtlety“她后来的作品缺乏精妙之处”，结合so…that…“如此……以至于……”的逻辑可知，a______ofherearlierwork表示“早期作品的拙劣模仿”符合语境。句意：她后来的作品缺乏精妙之处，读起来几乎像是对她早期作品的拙劣模仿。因此，该题选择C项正确。

13.不定项选择题

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans’lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.Deathisnormal:wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians-frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theUSspent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDay0’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Asaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof（）.

4.IncontrasttotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare（）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy.

问题2选项

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

C.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

问题3选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题4选项

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

问题5选项

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:本题属于推断题，是对句意的理解和推断。题干问第一段的第一句话暗示了什么，这句话的意思是“据说，英国人感觉死亡是迫在眉睫，而加拿大人认为死亡是不可避免，但是在加利福尼亚，死亡是可以选择的。”从这句话的隐含的含义我们可以发现，美国人对自己的医疗技术是非常自信的，他们甚至可以控制死亡。因此C项就是这句话想要表达的意思，A项不对，因为文章只说了死亡是可以选择的，但是并没有说美国人不畏惧死亡，B项属于无关项，D项说美国人对于自己长寿自豪也是不对的，他们自豪的是自己的医疗技术而不是寿命。

第2题:本题是作者意图题，问的是作者举癌症患者的例子是为了说明什么，我们可以根据题干定位到第二段，医院会对晚期癌症患者采用一些较为激进且科学不支持的治疗手段，不仅浪费了医疗资源而且用处也不大，因此我们推断出，作者认为不应该浪费资源在那些已经无回天之力的治疗上，A项正确。

第3题:本题是作者态度题，问的是作者对于RichardLamm的观点的态度，根据关键词定位到第二段。他的观点是“老年人有义务去迎接死亡从而把更多的资源让给年轻人来发挥他们的价值”，而第三段中作者给出了他的回应“Iwouldnotgothatfar（我不会那么极端）”可以看出作者对于他的观点并不完全认同，后文中他给了详细阐述，表示现在有很多年纪大的优秀人才仍然在活跃的发挥价值中，但是在更加后面他又画风一转说“在那些无可救药的病例上或许我们确实投入过多，但是在那些有关提高人民生活质量的事情上却投入不足”，结合这两点可以看出作者对于Lamm的观点是认同但又有所保留的，因此答案为B。

第4题:本题属于细节推断题。根据题干的国家名称可以定位到原文的最后一段，作者在举例中说了日本和瑞典与美国形成了区别和对比，他说道：“虽然日本和瑞典在医疗资源上的投入比美国少，但是国民的人均寿命却比美国长，身体也比美国人健康”。紧接着作者就谈到美国“在那些无可救药的病例上或许我们确实投入过多，但是在那些有关提高人民生活质量的事情上却投入不足”，因此可以看出日本和瑞典的医疗投资是比美国更加合理的，答案为D。

第5题:本题为主旨观点题。需要考生从全局把握文章的主旨大意，首先通过读完全文，我们可以发现文章围绕的是死亡这个关键词，第一段说道，“即使有一个伟大的医疗资源体系，我们也无法战胜死亡”；第二段中，“死亡是正常的”；以及第三段中，“医疗资源不应该用在治疗一些已经没有希望的病上面”等，又引申出影响死亡的几个因素，例如医疗资源，以及生活的质量等，全文都是在告诉我们死亡是一个既定的事实，哪怕是最好的医疗资源也没有办法改变一些无可救药的病症，我们与其去浪费这些资源，不如去拿来做更有意义的研究，因此C项为最佳概括，A项和作者的观点相反，B项并没有明显提及，D项非重点，因此答案为C。

14.单选题

Thatcountryisdisturbedatthedevelopmentswhichseemunfavorabletoitsinterests.

问题1选项

A.adverse

B.adherent

C.controversial

D.disagreeable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adverse“不利的；相反的”；B选项adherent“粘着的；遵守的”；C选项controversial“有争议的；有争论的”；D选项disagreeable“不愉快的；厌恶的；不为人喜的”。句意：那个国家对似乎不利于其利益的事态发展感到不安。A选项adverse（不利的）最符合题意，B，C，D选项都可排除。结合句意，A选项正确。

15.单选题

Majorexamsarethebaneofmanyastudent'slife.Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.Thetroubleisthattakinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarhasneverbeenanidealwaytodeterminecompetence—theymaycomeattherighttimeforsomeluckystudents,butnotformanyothers.

Perhapsitdoesn'thavetobethatway.Asteachingbeginstomoveonline,wenolongerneedtowaituntiltheendofacoursetoperformassessments.Instead,computersoftwarecanassessunderstandingduringthelearningprocessitselfbyanalyzingastudent'severymouseclickandkeystroke.Socouldwefinallybeabletogetridofthedreadedfinalexam?

Abetteroptionisasystemthatallowsstudentstoadvanceattheirownpacewhentheyhavemasteredthematerial,saysJuliaFreeland,aneducationresearcher.Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.Thisisclearlysomethingthatteachersinabusyclassroommaystruggletodo.Ifcoursematerialisofferedonline,though,withthestudent'sinputanalyzedautomaticallybycomputersoftware,studentscanbeassessedindividually—eventothepointthatthesoftwarecanidentifywhenagivenstudentislikelytoperformtotheirfullpotentialonanexam.

Competency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS,saysFreeland.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.

Theideabehindthesoftwareisrelativelystraightforward.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthattheyhavereadapassageoftextorwatchedavideo,forinstance—andcombinesitwithdataonthestudent’sperformanceoninformaltestsandquizzestoestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.Whenthatunderstandingreachesapredeterminedlevel,thestudentischallengedwithnewconcepts,orofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexam.Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.AndPhilipRegier,thedeanoftheuniversity’sonlinearm,saystherearenowplansfordoing“anentiredegreeadaptively”.

Somefirmspushthetechnologyfurther.Theirartificialintelligencesoftwareanalysesthedatacollectedtoconstantlytweakthewayitpresentsnewinformationtotheindividual.Withinafewweeks,claimtheirmakers,thesealgorithmscanevenidentifywhattimeofthedayastudentismostreceptivetolessonsinagivensubject.

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout“competency-basedlearning”?

3.TheVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolismentionedinthepassageto（）.

4.Whatis“theideabehindthesoftware”inParagraph5?

5.Towhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostlikelyagree?

问题1选项

A.takingexamsmakesmoststudentsnervousandstressful

B.sometimesmajorexamscandeterminepeople’sfuturecareerprospects

C.takinganexamatatimerigidlysetbytheacademiccalendarisafairwaytodeterminecompetence

D.manystudentspasstheexamsbecauseoftheirgoodluck

问题2选项

A.Itisasystemthatallowsstudentstoimprovetheircompetencyallbythemselves.

B.Itwouldmaketeachersverybusyintheclassroom.

C.Itrequiresstudentstoattendclassonline,andthustheyneednotgotoclassroomanymore.

D.Itrequiresmakingtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.

问题3选项

A.showthatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisnowbeingusedbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

B.illustratehowagoodhighschoolperformsincompetency-basedlearningandtesting

C.showhowthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisdesignedbyhighschoolsandcollegesacrosstheUS

D.illustratethatthecompetency-basedlearningsoftwareisveryimportantbothinhighschoolsandincollegesacrosstheUS

问题4选项

A.Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent’sactivityoncoursewebsitestohelptoassesshiscompetence.

B.Itmoreemphasizesinformaltestsandquizzestoknowhowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.

C.Thestudentwillnotbeofferedtheopportunitytotakeaformalexamunlesshemanagestounderstandalltheconceptsinthetextbook.

D.Teachersmustrequirestudentstoreadtextsandwatchvideosoncoursewebsites.

问题5选项

A.Wemustgetridofthedreadedexamswiththehelpofcomputersoftware.

B.Sincecoursematerialsareofferedonline,teachersneednotcareaboutstudents’performanceintheclassroom.

C.Sincethecompetency-basedlearningapproachwasprovedsuccessfulinsomecases,weshouldtrytoadoptitinmoreschools.

D.Weshouldtrytodevelopnewartificialintelligencesoftwaretocollecttheprivateinformationofteachersandstudents.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推断题。根据文章第一段，“Theyrepresentaone-offchancetoscribblemonthsoryearsoflearningontopaper,andcanmakeorbreakfuturecareerprospects.”，可知大考代表着一个一次性机会，将几个月或者几年学到的知识草草地写到纸上，可能会毁掉或者成就一个人未来的职业前景。可推断出一些考试确实能决定一个人的职业前景。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Thisiscalledcompetency-basedlearning,anditrequirestailoringtheeducationalprograminadifferentwayforeachstudent.”，可知这种能力本位学习要求为每个学生定制不同的教育计划。选项D符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第五段，“theVirtualLearningAcademyCharterSchoolinthestateofNewHampshireisoneprominenthighschoolexample.”，可知在基于能力的学习软件的应用方面，虚拟学习学院特许学校是一个突出的高中学校例子，可推断出举这个例子主要是为了描述以能力为基础的学习和测试在好的高中学校的表现。选项B符合题意。

4.推断题。根据文章第五段第二句，“Ittakesinformationaboutthestudent'sactivityoncoursewebsite—thepagestheyhavevisitedandwhetherthestudenthasverifiedthat…toestablishinrealtimehowwellthestudentunderstandsaconcept.”，她获取学生在课程网站上的活动信息，他们访问过的页面等，实时确定学生对概念的理解程度。可推断出这个软件是通过学生的活动信息来判断他们的能力。选项A符合题意。

5.作者态度题。根据文章第五段倒数第二句，“Sincethisformofcompetency-basedlearningapproachwasintroducedinsomeclassesatArizonaStateUniversity,passrateshavereportedlyincreased.”，可知自从这种基于能力的学习方法引入到亚利桑那州立大学的一些课程中，通过率提升了。所以可推断出作者会赞同这种基于能力的学习方式应该得到更多学校的采用。学习C符合题意。

16.单选题

Loudnoisescanaffectyourhearing.Theycancauseearpain.Evenworse,ifsoundwavesfromveryloudnoisesreachyourinnerear,theycanripandteartissuesneededforhearing.

Oftenearswillhealthemselvesiftheyarenothurttoobadly.Theremayonlybeashorttimeafterthel