考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川大学锦江学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Afterhisrecoveryfromillness,heisdeterminedto（

）hathehadbeendoingtoattainthegoal.

问题1选项

A.assume

B.consume

C.presume

D.resume

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项assume“承担”；B选项consume“消耗，挥霍”；C选项presume“假定，推测”；D选项resume“（中断后）重新开始，继续”。

句意：他病好后，决心继续为实现目标而努力。选项D符合语境。

2.单选题

Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours'sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.

Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoreversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8amoneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,o12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.

Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（发生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.

Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightworkthepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.

1.Whyisthequestionof“howeasilypeoplecangetusedtoworkingatnight”notamereacademicquestion?

2.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin（

）.

3.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseemstobe

（

）.

4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause

（

）.

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Becausefewpeopleliketoreversethecycleofsleepandwakefulness.

B.Becausesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.

C.Becausepeoplearerequiredtoworkatnightinsomefieldsofindustry.

D.Becauseshiftworkinindustryrequirespeopletochangetheirsleepinghabits.

问题2选项

A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroduction

B.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequently

C.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffective

D.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers

问题3选项

A.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervals

B.tohavelongershifts

C.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonly

D.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers

问题4选项

A.peoplehavehighertemperatureswhentheyareworkingefficiently

B.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorback

C.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged

D.bodytemperaturechangeswiththecycleofsleepandwakefulness

问题5选项

A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.

B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.

C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.

D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongthoseonpermanentnightordayshifts.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnight,isaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.（例如，人们可以轻松地从白天工作到晚上工作，这是一个在自动化工业中越来越重要的问题，在这个行业中，要求机器全天候运转）可知选C。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.moneweek,8a.mto4p.mthenext,and4p.mto12midnightthethirdandsoon.（不幸的是，在工业中，每周都会发生变化；一个人每周可以从午夜12点工作到每周8点，第二天晚上8点到下午4点，下午4点到12点，以此类推）可知选B。

第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）可知选C。

第4题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;particularlyintermsofperformance.（知道一个人何时适应的方法是测量他的体温。从事正常日间工作的人在清醒的时候会有较高的温度，晚上则会有较低的温度；特别是在工作表现方面）可知选A。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.（唯一真正的解决办法似乎是把轮班交付给一些长期的夜间工人）和最后一段中Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.（然而，到目前为止，这种选择形式似乎还没有在实践中得到应用）可知选B。

3.单选题

Parentshavealegal（）toensurethattheirchildrenareprovidedwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.

问题1选项

A.impulse

B.obligation

C.influence

D.sympathy

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。impulse冲动；obligation义务，职责；influence影响；sympathy同情，慰问。句意：父母有法律__确保其子女接受符合他们年龄的有效的教育。根据句意可知，父母有确保孩子受教育权的义务。故B项符合题意。

4.单选题

MorethantwohundredyearsagotheUnitedStates（）fromtheBritishEmpireandbecameallindependentcountry.

问题1选项

A.gotoff

B.pulleddown

C.brokeaway

D.dropoff

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。句意：200多年以前，美国从大英帝国中出来，成为完全独立的国家。getoff下来；pulldown推翻；breakaway脱离；dropoff减少。因此，C项符合句意。

5.单选题

Grainproductionintheworldis（

）,butstillmillionsgohungry.

问题1选项

A.staggering

B.shrinking

C.soaring

D.suspending

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stagger“蹒跚，使交错”；shrink“收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar“高涨”。句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

We’veallheardaboutendangeredanimals.Creatureslikethecriticallyendangeredblackrhinocerosarefamous.Butwhatarethemostendangeredplants?Theymightnotbeasexcitingorloveableasanimals,buttheyarejustasimportanttotheecosystem一andhumanityreliesonthatecosystem.

Herearethreeofthemostthreatenedplantstoday.（1）Theseplantsoccupysomeofthemostinaccessible,remotepartsofourplanet.Theyarethreatenedbyhabitatdestruction,illegalcollection,poaching,andcompetitionwithinvadingspecies.

Attenborough’spitcherplantisknownonlyfromtherelativelyinaccessiblesummitofMountVictoriainPalawaninthePhilippines.Therearethoughttobeonlyafewhundredofthem.

（2）

Attenborough’spitcherplantisoneofthebiggest,withpitchersupto30cminheightthatcantrapinsectsandrats.Itwasonlydiscoveredin2007whenateamofbotanists,tippedoffbytwoChristianmissionaries,scaledMountVictoria.

（3）

Thesuicidepalmisagiganticpalmfoundonlyinremotepartsofnorth-westMadagascar.Itlivesforabout50years,thenflowersonlyonce,anddiessoonafter.Suicidepalmswerediscoveredin2005byacashewplantationmanagerduringafamilyouting,andformallydescribedin2008.Withtrunksreaching18minheight,andhugefan-leavesupto5macross,thepalmscanbeseenonGoogleEarth.

（4）

Thecoraltree,withitsbrightredflowersandspinytrunk,occursonlyintheremoteforestsofsouth-eastTanzania.

（5）

However,theforestpatchwasclearedtogrowbiofuels,andthespecieswasfearedtohavegoneextinctagainuntilitwasre-rediscoveredto2011.Therearenowfewerthan50matureindividualsinthewild,inasingleunprotectedlocation.

问题1选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题2选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题3选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题4选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

问题5选项

A.Pitcherplantsarecarnivorousplantsthattrapanimalsinliquid-filledbowlscalledpitchers.

B.TheyarealmostallclassedascriticallyendangeredbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).

C.Itwasdeclaredextinctin1998，butrediscoveredin2001inasmallpatchofforest.

D.Asaresult,thepopulationhasdroppedmorethan95%overthelast20years.

E.Thereareonlyabout90inthewild.

F.ItisnamedafterBritishnaturalhistorybroadcasterDavidAttenborough.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:F

第4题:E

第5题:C

【解析】1.联系上下文。前文中提及如今有三种极度濒危的植物，由此可判断，下面的内容将进一步说明这三种濒危植物，选项B提及它们被国际自然保护联盟认定为极度濒危的等级。句中they与上文的threeplants对应，criticallyendangered与上文的mostthreatened呼应。

2.联系上下文。空格句的前后文中都提及了Attenborough’spitcherplant,由此可知，空格句子也是有关该植物的，选项中只有A提及pitcherplant,与之呼应。

3.联系上下文。空格所在句的主要内容为Attenborough’spitcherplant，选项F提到了Attenborough,指出猪笼草(pitcherplant)是以一个英国自然历史播音员的名字命名的，与前句中提到的discovered...whenateamofbotanists呼应。

4.联系上下文。原文第四段介绍濒临灭绝的植物——自杀棕榈，对其各项基本信息进行了详细说明，空格处句子也应该是有关这种濒危植物的介绍，选项E最符合

5.联系上下文。空格句的下文中提及theforestpatch,空格句子应与之对应，选项C中提及patchofforest。

7.单选题

______thatthey’reyoungandinexperienced,they’vedonequiteagoodjob.

问题1选项

A.Being

B.Provided

C.Given

D.Now

【答案】C

【解析】考查分词性从属连词。句意：考虑到他们年轻又没有经验，他们已经做得相当不错了。giventhat是一个词组，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，后面所跟的从句是基于共同的认识和已有的事实。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Yourattitudeshouldbethatofanemployeewho’stheretotalkaboutanewproject,ratherthanthemoreobsequiousattitudeofacandidatewho’shopingtogetanoffer.

问题1选项

A.aggressive

B.servile

C.humble

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】考查同义形容词辨析。A选项aggressive“侵略性的，好斗的，有进取心的，有闯劲的”；B选项servile“奴隶的，奴性的，卑屈的”；C选项humble“谦逊的，简陋的，（级别或地位）低下的，不大的”；D选项confident“自信的，确信的”。句意：你的态度应该是作为一名正在谈论新项目的员工，而不是一名希望得到工作机会的求职者的奉承态度。Obsequious“谄媚的，奉承的，顺从的”，B选项与该词意思最相近，因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

PutthefollowingtwopassagesintoEnglish.

通过烟，我们可以看出人与人关系的深浅。客客气气递烟，说明关系尚浅；相互抢着递烟，说明地位相等，或视为相等；随随便便递烟，说明双方关系较深；伸手到对方口袋里掏烟，掏出来还要散给别人，那就简直是亲密无间，不分彼此的“铁哥们”了。

当今，越来越多的人正更换职业或者开始更具吸引力的二次创业，其动机或者原因不尽相同，但很多人更换职业，因为他们感到厌倦。对一些人来说，二次创业源于他们意识到他们不能从正从事的工作中得到他们想要的东西。他们决定去做他们喜欢并认为重要的事情。前一个职业所花的时间可能会缩小后一个职业的选择范围，所以很少人在人生的中期改换去做一项全新的职业，大多数人改换去做相关领域的一项职业。

【答案】Throughsmoking,wecantellthedepthoftheinterpersonalrelationship.Passingcigarettesinapolitemannerindicatesthattherelationshipbetweenthemisshallow;rushingtogivecigaretteseachothercanexplainthatthetwopersonsareinanequalstatusorconsideredequally;sharingcigarettescasuallytoeachothershowstherelationshipbetweenthemisdeeper;stretchingoutone’shandtogetcigarettesandgivingthemawaytoothersmeansthatthetwopersonsareintimatefriends.

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearechangingtheirprofessionsorstartingthemoreattractivesecondundertaking.Themotivationsorreasonsarevarious,butmostofpeoplearemakingacareerchangebecausethey’vebeenreallyfedupwithit.Forsomepeople,startingasecondbusinesscomesfromtherealizationthattheycannotgetwhattheywantoutofwhatthey’redoing.Theydecidetodothethingswhichtheyloveandconsiderimportant.Thetimespentintheformercareercannarrowtheoptionsforthelatter,sofewpeopleswitchtoanewcareerinthemiddleoftheirlives.Instead,mostpeopleliketodoaprofessionrelatedtothefieldstheygotinvolvedinbefore.

10.单选题

Scientists,whoarenowawareofhownautilusesregulatetheirbuoyancy,havebeenabletodispel（

）ideasaboutthesecreatures.

问题1选项

A.erroneous

B.misdemeanors

C.misgivings

D.misdirection

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词、名词词义辨析。erroneous“错误的”；misdemeanors“不法行为”；misgivings“担忧，疑虑”；misdirection“引错方向”。句意：意识到了鹦鹉螺是如何控制自身在水中浮力的科学家们，已经消除了对这些生物的错误认识。选项A符合题意。

11.单选题

Asmyfriend（）herebefore,Ihadtomeethimattherailwaystation.

问题1选项

A.hadneverbeen

B.hasneverbeen

C.hadbeennever

D.neverwas

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。由后半句hadto可知该句用的是一般过去时，而从句动作发生在meet之前，故用过去完成时，排除BD项。never一般放于hadbeen之间，故A项正确。句意：因为我的朋友之前从未来过这里，我不得不去火车站接他。

12.单选题

Weneedsomeonereally（）whocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.

问题1选项

A.crucial

B.realistic

C.essential

D.efficient

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项crucial“重要的，决定性的”；B选项realistic“现实的，现实主义的”；C选项essential“基本的，必要的”；D选项efficient“有效率的，有能力的”。句意：我们需要一个真正（）人，他能组织好办公室，使之顺利运作。通过句意可以看出，这个所需要的人应该是“很有效率的”，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Shallowpoolsofwaterareliabletoattractmosquitoesandother（）.

问题1选项

A.insects

B.flies

C.garbage

D.garage

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。insects昆虫;flies苍蝇;garbage垃圾;garage仓库。句意：浅水区容易吸引蚊子和其他昆虫。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocieties.However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstaspectistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.

Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosityhewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisgoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailableandthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.

Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot（）.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic?

问题1选项

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

问题2选项

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

问题3选项

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation

问题4选项

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientific.

问题5选项

A.Critical

B.Objective

C.Biased

D.Unclear

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:However,manypeoplebelievethatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而，许多人认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面)。因此B项“不止一个方面”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干关键词curiosity定位至第三段。A:它赋予了科学家在工作中的信心和乐趣。第三段最后一句指出:Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves(除此之外，他认为自己能够改善现有的条件并享受努力解决相关问题的过程)。由此可见，A项符合原文所述。B:它激发人们对未解之谜的兴趣。该段还指出:hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks(他想要发现宇宙运行的原因和方式)。这里的howandwhytheuniverseworks相当于B项的problemsthatareunexplained，由此可见，B项符合原文所述。C:它引导人们研究(调查)潜在的联系。根据该段中的“hiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他的这种好奇心促使他去探寻事物之间潜藏的联系，即使相关数据显示这些事物之间似乎没有联系)”可知C项也符合原文所述。D:它鼓励科学家寻找新的行为方式。只有D项在原文中找不到相关信息，故本题选D。

第3题:细节事实题。第五段指出:hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable(他不会去接受那些不是基于充分的证据的论断)。因此A项“轻易相信未经检查的陈述”正确。

第4题:主旨大意题。本文采取总—分的结构，先是总述:科学在社会中起着重要作用，然而，许多人都认为社会的进步取决于科学的两个不同的方面。后面重点讲了科学的第二个方面，即科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，因此C项“科学家思考和行动的方式”是文章重点讨论的。

第5题:观点态度题。此文章为说明文。文章只是客观陈述了许多人认为决定社会进步的两个不同的科学方面，重点介绍了科学家在工作的过程中所使用的思考和行为方法，并未掺杂个人观点及情感，故选B项。

15.翻译题

B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromChineseintoEnglish.(3x5)

1.我们既要绿水青山，也要金山银山。宁要绿水青山，不要金山银山。我们绝不能以牺牲生态环境为代价换取经济的一时发展。

2.国际社会也期待中美关系能够不断改善和发展。中美两国合作好了，就可以做世界稳定的压舱石、世界和平的助推器。

3.我们相聚在世界经济版图持续变化和全球增长动力大转型的重要时刻。这一转变带来挑战和不确定性，同时也蕴含机遇。

【答案】1.Wewantclearwaterandgreenmountains,andwealsowantprosperityandwealth.Wewanttheformerratherthanthelatter....wemustneversacrificetheecologicalenvironmentforthetemporaryeconomicdevelopment.

2.TheinternationalcommunityalsoexpectsthecontinuousimprovementanddevelopmentofChina-USrelations.WhentheUSandChinaworktogether,wecanbeananchorofworldstabilityandapropellerofworldpeace.

3.Wealsometatatimeofcontinuedshiftsandprofoundtransformationsintheconfigurationoftheglobaleconomiclandscapeanddynamicsforgrowth.Withthesetransformationscomechallengesanduncertaintiesaswellasopportunities.

16.填空题

Directions:CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingthegivenpartsinChineseintoEnglish.

81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunication_______________________.

（因为广告商要为宣传的广告信息付钱）

82._______________________________________onthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

（禁止他在外面闲逛）

83._________________________________,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

（我来晚了不是因为交通堵塞）

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,_________________________________________.

（我们很遗憾地通知顾客商店提前关门）

85.Theboss________________________________trythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

（应该知道不应该）

【答案】81.Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationbecauseadvertisershavetopayfortheadvertisinginformation.

82.Heisforbiddentohangoutonthegroundsthathemightlearnbadhabits.

83.Itwasn’tbecauseofthetrafficjamthatIwaslate,butbecausetherewassomethingwrongwiththebus.

84.Duetocircumstancesbeyondourcontrol,weregrettoinformourcustomersthatthestoreisclosingearly.

85.Thebossshouldhaveknownthatheoughtnottotrythebestofhisemployeesbythreatening.

17.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.About90.000

B.About100.000

C.Severalhundreds

D.About5.000

问题2选项

A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

B.WarningfromtheKenyaHealthMinistry.

C.Experiencesgainedfromthe1997outbreak.

D.ProperandpromptaidfromNASA(美国国家航空航天局).

问题3选项

A.Distributingmosquitonets.

B.Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.

C.Urgingpeoplenottoeatanimals.

D.Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.

问题4选项

A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.

B.Theshort-livedmosquitothatwerethehostsoftheviruses.

C.ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.

D.Theheavybuttheintermittentrains.

问题5选项

A.WarningfromNASA.

B.HowtotreatRiftValleyFever(裂谷热).

C.ThedisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyFever.

D.Satellitesandglobalhealth-remotediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】InDecember1997largenumbersofcattle,goatsandsheepbegandyingintheGarissadistrictofnorth-easternKenya.Amonthlaterpeoplestarteddying,too.Itwas,atthetime,thebiggestrecordedoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverinEastAfrica.(26)Some100,000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.

InDecember2007thesamethinghappened.Or,ratheritstartedtohappenbutwasstoppedinitstracks.(27)Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.InSeptemberresearchersattheGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,Greenbelt,Maryland,partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.Bythetimetheepidemicemerged(28)theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.Throughtheoutbreakstillkilled300peopleinKenya,SomaliaandTanzania,itcouldhavebeenalotworse.AccordingtoKennethLinthicumofAmerica’sDepartmentofAgriculture,thenumberofdeathswouldprobablyhavebeenmorethantwiceashighwithoutthewarning.

(30)ThewarningitselfwaspossiblebecauseofamodelofhowdiseasespreadsthatDr.Linthicumhelpeddesign.Andthedatathatwerepluggedintothatmodelcamefromsatellites.

WhattheresearchersatGoddardhadnoticedatthetimeofthefirstoutbreakwasthatinthemonthsprecedingit,surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.(29)Thesehighertemperaturesbroughtheavyandsustainedrains,cloudcoverandwarmerairtomuchoftheHornofAfrica.Mosquitoesmultipliedwildly,andlivedlongenoughforthevirusthatcausesthefevertodeveloptothepointwhereitiseasilytransmissible.InSeptember2007theresearcherssawthesamethinghappeningintheocean,andsuspectedthesameconsequenceswouldfollow.

26.HowmanystockanimalsdiedattheresultofoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin1997?

【解析】根据录音中的“Some10.000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.”可知，本题答案为B。

27.WhathelpedstoptheoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin2007?

【解析】从录音中“Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.…partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.”可知，第二次的区别在于有来自NASA及时而准确的警告。故本题答案为D。

28.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthemajortopreventin2007outbreakspreading?

【解析】从录音中“..theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.”可知，只有D选项不是制止瘟疫肆虐的举措。

29.WhattriggerthetwooutbreaksoftheRiftValleyfeverinAfrica?

【解析】从录音中“surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.”可知，A是正确答案，B选项应该改成long-livedmosquitoes,C项应为“cloudcoverandwarmerairintheHornofAfrica”，D项应为“heavyandsustainedrains”。

30.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】该录音主要内容是从NASA给予肯尼亚及时迅捷的警示，使其在2007年瘟疫爆发的时候避免了10年前的厄运。因此A选项是正确答案（来自NASA的警告）。

18.单选题

Hefinishedthepaintings（）fortheexhibition.

问题1选项

A.ingoodtime

B.forthetimebeing

C.fromtimetotime

D.timeaftertime

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词短语用法。A选项ingoodtime“及时地，适时”，B选项forthetimebeing“暂时，眼下”，C选项fromtimetotime“不时，有时，时常”，D选项timeaftertime“不断地，反复”。句意：他在展览前及时完成了绘画。因此，A选项符合句意。

19.单选题

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryoppor