考研考博-英语-四川托普信息技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川托普信息技术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

交流促进发展。一个国家、一个民族，只要不是由于主观和客观的种种原因而长期处于孤立、闭塞的状态之中，或多或少都可以从交流中得到好处。

事实上，在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。一位外国的著名历史学家曾经写道：“任何国家的文明，来自外来影响的产物总是多于本国的发明创造。如果有人要把英国文化中任何受外国影响或来源于外国的东西剔除掉，那么，英国的文化就所剩无几了。”

事实也近乎如此。中国古代的四大发明曾经给古代世界的文化发展以巨大的推动。汉唐文化对朝鲜、日本等毗邻国家的文化发展，更是给予了深刻而又久远的影响。同样，近代和现代西方的许多重要科学成果，也改变了并继续改变着当代中国人的生活。

【答案】Actually,inmoderncountries,anintrinsiccultureabsolutelyimmunetoforeigninfluenceisnon-exist.Afamousforeignhistorianoncesaid:“Thecivilizationofanycountryismuchmoretheproductofexternalinfluencesthanofnativeinventions.IfonesubtractedeverythingfromtheEnglishculturethathasforeignrootsorbearssomeforeigninfluence,therewouldbelittleleft.”

Thisisnotfarfrombeingtrue.TheFourGreatInventionsinAncientChinagreatlyadvancedtheancientcivilizationoftheworld.Moresignificantly,theChinesecultureofHanandTangDynastiesexercisedaprofoundandlastinginfluenceonsuchneighboringcountriesasKoreaandJapan.Inthesameway,themajorscientificachievementsofmodernandcontemporaryWesthavechangedandarestillchangingtheChineselifetoday.

2.单选题

Thereisnodoubt______thecompanyhasmadetherightdecisiononthesalesproject.

问题1选项

A.why

B.that

C.whether

D.when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。doubt后面的that为同位语从句的引导词，修饰doubt。doubt引导的主从复合句中，用否定式时后面的引导词只能是that。相反如果doubt引导肯定意义的主从复合句中，引导词要用whether。句意：毫无疑问，公司对销售项目的决定是正确的。

3.翻译题

A．TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.(15points)

Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses—fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices.Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor;Trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible,thesignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.

B.TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish.(15points)

中国是有着悠久文明的国家。在世界几大古代文明中，中华文明是没有中断、延续发展于今的文明，已经有5000多年历史了。我们的祖先在几千年前创造的文字至今仍在使用。2000多年前，中国就出现了诸子百家的盛况。他们提出的很多理念，至今仍然深深影响着中国人的生活。中国人看待世界、看待社会、看待人生，有自己独特的价值体系。中国人独特而悠久的精神世界，让中国人具有强大的民族自信心，也培育了以爱国主义为核心的民族精祌。

【答案】SectionA

书既然有类别——小说、传记、诗歌——我们就应该把它们分开，从它们各自给予我们的正确的东西中汲取。然而，很少有人问书能给我们什么。最常见的情况是，我们带着模糊而分裂的思想来读书，要求小说是真实的，要求诗歌是虚假的，要求传记是奉承的，要求历史加强我们的偏见。如果我们读书时能摒弃所有这些先入之见，那将是一个极好的开始。不要对作者指手画脚，而要尽力与作者融为一体，共同创作，共同策划。你若敞开心扉，虚怀若谷，那么，书中精细入微的离意和暗示便会把你从一开头就碰上的那些像是山回水转般的句子中带出来，走到一个独特的人物面前。

SectionB

Chinahasatimehonoredcivilization.Oftheworld’sancientcivilizations,theChinesecivilizationhasspannedover5,000yearsandcontinueduninterruptedtothisday.TheChinesecharacters,inventedbyourancestorsseveralmillenniaago,arestillbeingusedtoday.Over2,000yearago,therewasaneraofgreatintellectualaccomplishmentinChina.ManyimportantideasproposedbythemstillcarryaprofoundimpactonChinesepeople’swayoflifetoday,underpinningtheuniquevaluesystemsintheChineseoutlookoftheworld,ofsociety,andoflifeitself.Andthisuniqueandtimehonoredintellectuallegacy,hasinstilledastrongsenseofnationalconfidenceintheChinesepeople,andnurturedanationalspiritwithpatriotismataverycore.

4.单选题

SinceMr.Whitediedayearago,therehasbeendiscordinthefamilyaboutthedivisionoftheestate.

问题1选项

A.distinctions

B.disagreements

C.disadvantages

D.discussions

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.distinctions区别B.disagreements分歧；争论

C.disadvantages缺点D.discussions讨论

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子可知，discord是一个名词，dis-前缀表示否定的，那么discord可能是一个贬义词，由关键信息thedivisionoftheestate（遗产分配问题）综合理解可推断，discord是指遗产分配上的分歧或不和，B项词义与之相近，故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。

【句意】自从怀特先生一年前去世以来，家里在遗产分配问题上一直不和。

5.单选题

Angryengineerschallengedthestatisticalsignificanceofthestudy’ssmallsampleandlabeleditsloppyscience.

问题1选项

A.careless

B.doubtful

C.invalid

D.worthless

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.careless不仔细的，粗心的（没有足够的关注和思考）B.doubtful不确定的，怀疑的

C.invalid病弱者D.worthless没用的，无价值的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】sloppy的意思为“马虎的，草率的（缺乏关心、思考或努力）”，在这里指研究的样本太小，这样的研究非常随意，欠缺考虑，careless与之词义相近，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】愤怒的工程师们质疑这项研究中小样本的统计意义，并将其贴上草率的标签。

6.单选题

Beforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandmoneyisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug（

）.

问题1选项

A.adversaries

B.candidates

C.volunteers

D.manufacturers

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.adversaries对手；敌人B.candidates候选人；候选者

C.volunteers志愿者D.manufacturers制造商

【答案】B

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】在一种药物被批准并投入市场之前，要花费大量的时间和金钱从多种……药物中选择最有效的那种。由本句句意可知选择最有效的，是要从众多候选、待选的药物中进行选择，所以B选项“候选人，候选者”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】在一种药物被批准并投入市场之前，要花大量的时间和金钱从几种候选药物中选择最有效的一种。

7.单选题

Britain’shopeofagoldmedalintheOlympicGamessuffered（）yesterday,whenHunterfailedtoqualifyduringpreliminarysession.

问题1选项

A.asevereset-back

B.sharpset-back

C.asevereblown-up

D.sharpblown-up

【答案】A

【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。选项A更符合语境。

8.单选题

Ⅱ.(EconomicLaw)

Considerfirstshareholders’votingrights.Asamatteroflawtheseareseverelylimitedinscope,principallytotherighttoelectandremovedirectors.Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness;theycannotstopdirectorsfromsquanderingrevenuesonemployeeraises,charitablecontributions,orexecutivejets;andtheycannotvotetosellthecompany’sassetsorthecompanyitself(althoughtheymayinsomecasesvotetovetoasaleormergerproposedbytheboard).Therulesofvotingprocedurefurtherlimitexerciseoftheshareholderfranchise.Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting,andshareholderswhowaitfortheregularlyscheduledannualmeetingtotrytoelectorremovedirectorsusuallymustpaytosolicitproxies.Finallyandperhapsmostsignificantly,inapublicfirmwithwidely-dispersedshareownership,shareholderactivismisapublicgood,andshareholders’own“rationalapathy”raisesanoften-insurmountableobstacletocollectiveaction.AsRobertClarkhasputit,acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.

Whataboutshareholders’righttosuecorporateofficersanddirectorsforbreachoffiduciarydutyiftheyfailtomaximizeshareholderwealth?Here,too,shareholders’“rights”turnouttobeillusory.Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.AsIhavepointedoutinwritingswithMargaretBlair,courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”.Contrarytotheshareholderprimacythesis,shareholderscannotrecoveragainstdirectorsorofficersforbreachoffiduciarydutysimplybecausethosedirectorsandofficersfavorstakeholders’interestsovertheshareholders’own.

55.ThefirstparagraphtellsusthefollowingBUT___.

56.Whichofthefollowingsentenceclosestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedsentence?

57.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatcanthecompanyofficersdo?

58.Courtshavenotalloweddirectorsofcompaniesto___.

问题1选项

A.Shareholdershavenorighttoelectandremovedirectors

B.Shareholderscanrequirethecompanytopaythemdividends

C.Shareholderscannotchangethelineofbusinessofthecompany

D.Shareholderscannotcallaspecialshareholders’meeting

问题2选项

A.Shareholdersinapubliccompanyhavenopoweratall.

B.Someonewantsthemanagerialpowertobelegitimate.

C.Theshareholdervotingisaceremonyforacompany.

D.Shareholders’votinginapubliccompanyhasnosubstantivemeaning.

问题3选项

A.Theycanusetheircorporatepositionforthemselves.

B.Theycanlineupforshareholders.

C.Theycanpursuenonshareholder-relatedgoalsaslongastheythinkitiscorrectinbusiness.

D.Theycancarryoutbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity.

问题4选项

A.usetheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets

B.donatecorporatemoneytochurches

C.rejectaprofit-makingprojectthatwouldpollutetheenvironment

D.refusetosellacompanyfortheinterestoftheneighborhood

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】55.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Shareholdershavenorighttoselectthecompany’sCEO;theycannotrequirethecompanytopaythemasinglepennyindividends;theycannotvotetochangeorpreservethecompany’slineofbusiness（股东无权选择公司的首席执行官；他们不能要求公司支付他们一分钱的股息；他们不能投票改变或保留公司的业务范围）可知B选项“股东可以要求公司支付股息”和原文相悖，A选项“股东无权选举和罢免董事”和C选项“股东不能改变公司的业务”符合原文；第一段Delawarelaw,forexample,presumesonlydirectorshaveauthoritytocallaspecialshareholders’meeting…（例如，特拉华州的法律规定……）可知D选项“股东不得召开特别股东大会”符合原文。因此B选项符合题意。

56.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到划线句子acyniccouldeasilyconcludethatshareholdervotinginapubliccompanyis“amereceremonydesignedtogiveaveneeroflegitimacytomanagerialpower”.（愤世嫉俗者很容易得出这样的结论：上市公司的股东投票“不过是一种旨在给管理权力披上合法性外衣的仪式”），结合第一段所提到的法律对于股东权利的限制可知此处想表达股东的投票权没任何意义，选D选项“上市公司的股东投票没有实质意义”；根据第一段可知股东还是有权利的，但是权利被限制，A选项“上市公司的股东根本没有权力”太过绝对；B选项“有人希望管理权力是合法的”和C选项“股东投票是公司的一种仪式”和原文不符，排除。因此D选项正确。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Theyremainfree,however,topursueother,nonshareholder-relatedgoalsunderthecomfortingmantleofthebusinessjudgmentrule.（然而，在令人欣慰的商业判断规则的外衣下，他们仍然可以自由地追求其他与股东无关的目标）可知选C选项“他们可以追求与股东无关的目标，只要他们认为这在商业上是正确的”；第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知A选项“他们可以利用公司的职位为自己服务”和原文相悖；B选项“他们可以排队等股东”原文未涉及；第二段toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity（避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购）可知D选项“他们可以以牺牲当地社区为代价来增加利润”错误。因此C选项正确。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Thefiduciarydutyofloyaltyprecludesofficersanddirectorsfromusingtheircorporatepositionstolinetheirownpockets.（忠诚的受托责任使高管和董事不能利用他们在公司的职位中饱私囊）可知选A选项“利用他们在公司的地位中饱私囊”；第二段courtsconsistentlypermitdirectors“tousecorporatefundsforcharitablepurposes;torejectbusinessstrategiesthatwouldincreaseprofitsattheexpenseofthelocalcommunity;toavoidriskyundertakingsthatwouldbenefitshareholdersatcreditors’expense;andtofendoffahostiletakeoveratapremiumpriceinordertoprotectemployeesorthecommunity”（法院一贯允许董事“将公司资金用于慈善目的；拒绝以牺牲当地社区为代价增加利润的商业策略；避免以损害债权人利益为代价的有风险的承诺；为了保护员工或社区，以高价击退恶意收购”）可知B选项“把公司的钱捐给教堂”，C选项“拒绝一个会污染环境的盈利项目”以及D选项“拒绝为了社区的利益出售一家公司”都是法院所允许公司董事做的事，排除。因此A选项正确。

9.翻译题

Whenitcomestomoney,womenreallyaremoreresponsiblethanmen,withaninternationalsurveyfindingthatthey’relesslikelytogetintodebtandstrivehardertobecomefinanciallyindependent.TheglobalReutersSynovatesurveypolledsome4,500womenin12countriesaboutmoneymatters.Anequalnumberofmenwerealsoaskedseveralquestionsrelatedtofinances.

Thesurveyshowedthatjustoverhalfrespondentsofbothgenderssaidwomenaremoreresponsiblewithmoneythanmen,withthehighestlevelofagreementfoundinMexico,where72percentofpeoplebelievedwomenwerebetterathandlingfinances.Andalthoughmorethan40percentofwomenusepartoftheirmonthlyincometopayoffcreditcards,some70percentoffemalerespondentsalsosaidthathavingmorethanonecreditcardcouldleadtofinancialdebt,revealingwomen’shigherawareness.

“It’sobviouslynotthecarditselfthatcausesanyonetouseit.Sothestatementisreallyaboutcontrolandtemptation,”saidClaireBravennan,internationalmarketresearchfirmSynovate’sseniorvicepresidentofFinancialServicesintheUnitedStates.“Theabilitytospendmore,thatyoudon’thaveinthefirstplace,cancertainlyleadtodebt.Itmeanspeoplehavetocontrolthemselvesandtheirspouses,”sheadded.Morewomenbelievedintheirfinancialabilitythanmen,with61percentsayingtheyweremoreresponsible,whileonly40percentofmenagreed.Butnearlyhalfthewomensurveyedalsoconcededthattheywerebiggerspendersthantheirmalecounterparts,withnearly60percentofmenagreeing.

ThesurveywasconductedinDecemberinAustralia,Brazil,Bulgaria,Canada,France,Indonesia,Malaysia,Mexico,theNetherlands,SouthAfrica,Britain,andtheUnitedStates.

【答案】谈到钱的问题，女性比男性更有责任感。一项国际调查发现，女性不太可能陷入债务，更加努力实现经济独立。路透思纬全球调查对12个国家的近4500名女性进行了有关金钱问题的调查。同样数量的男性也被问及几个有关理财方面的问题。

调查显示，男女受访者都有超过一半人表示女性在金钱方面比男性更负责任。在墨西哥，这一比例最高，72%的人认为女性更善于理财。尽管超过40%的女性用她们月收入的一部分来还信用卡，但是约70%的女性受访者表示，拥有多张信用卡会导致负债，这表明女性的财务负债意识更强。

国际市场研究公司思纬美国金融服务高级副总裁克莱尔说：“很明显，并不是卡本身的原因，所以这实际上是关乎控制和诱惑的问题。”她表示：“过度消费肯定会导致债务，这意味着人们必须控制自己和配偶的消费欲望。”与男性相比，女性更相信自己的经济能力，61%的女性说她们更有责任感，而只有40%的男性在经济方面有这样的信心。但近一半的受访女性也承认，她们比男性更爱花钱，近60%的男性表示同意。

这项调查于去年12月在澳大利亚、巴西、保加利亚、加拿大、法国、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、墨西哥、荷兰、南非、英国和美国进行。

10.单选题

Thesupplyofelectricpowertothecityanditsneighboringdistrictshashadtobe______.

问题1选项

A.weakened

B.minimized

C.restricted

D.slowed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项weaken“减少，使变弱”，B项minimize“使减到最少，小看”，C项restrict“限制，约束”，D项slow“变慢，阻碍”。根据关键词Thesupplyofelectricpower“电力供应”可知，空格部分表示“限制”更符合语境。句意：这个城市及其邻近地区的电力供应不得不受到限制。因此，该题选择C项正确。

11.单选题

Thetwocountrieshave（）friendlyrelationsformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.retained

B.sustained

C.maintained

D.remained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这两个国家多年来保持着友好关系。

考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式。Retain持有,保留;sustain维持(生命、生存),使稳定持续,遭受;maintain维持,保持,维修;remain仍然是,保持不变,剩余,遗留,续存在。因此C符合句意。

12.单选题

SOMETHINGABOUTNAPLESjustseemsmadeforcomedy.Thenamealoneconjuresuppizza,andlovable,incorrigibleinnocentswarbling“OSoleMio”;anuttylittlecorneroftheworldwheretheidrunswildandtheonlyanswertothequestion“Why?”appearstobe“Whynot?”

Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.Neitherpassengernorbuswaseverseenagain.

Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?

ButNaplesactuallyisn’tsofunny.Italy’sthirdlargestcity,with1.1millionpeople,hasamuchdarkerside,wherechaosreigns:bagsnatchingandmugging,cloggedstreetsofstupefyingconfusion,wheretrafficmovestomysteriouslawsofitsownthroughmultipleintersectionswhosetrafficlightshaven’tfunctionedformonths,maybeyears—iftheyhavelightsatall.Packsofwilddogsroamthecity’smainpark.Nineteenpolicemenontheanti-narcoticssquadarearrestedforacceptingpayoffsfromtheCamorra,thelocalMafia.

TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.

Neapolitansknowtheirreputation.“Peoplethinknothingevergetsdonehere,”saidayoungprofessionalwoman.Sometimestheysay,“SurelyyoucomefromMilan.YoucomefromNaples?”

GiovannidelForno,aninsuranceexecutive,toldmeabouthisflighthomefromanorthernItaliancity,theplanewaitedonthetarmacforhalfanhourforagatetobecomeavailable.“AndIbegantohearthecommentsaroundme:“Well,hereweareinNaples,”hesaidwithawince.“Thesecommentsmakemesuffer.”

Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”

Thisisacityinwhichlivingonthebrinkofcollapseisnormal.Napleshassurvivedwars,revolutions,floods,earthquakes,anderuptionsofnearbyVesuvius.FirstawealthycolonyfoundedbytheGreeks(whocalleditNeapolis,or“newcity”),thenaflourishingRomanresort,itlivedthroughvariousincarnationsunderdynastiesofNormans,Swabians,Austrians,Spanish,andFrench,nottomentionagloriousperiodastheresplendentcapitaloftheKingdomoftheTwoSicilies.

Itwasabrilliant,cultivatedcitythatoncerankedwithLondonandParis.TheNunziatella,theoldestmilitaryschoolinItaly,stillbasksinitstwocenturiesofhistoricglory;theTeatroSanCarloremainsoneofthegreatestoperahousesintheworld.ThetreasuresofPompeiigracetheNationalMuseum.StretchedluxuriantlybetweenmountainsandseaalongthecurvingcoastoftheBayofNaples,fullofornatepalaces,gardens,churches,andworksofart,withitsmildclimateandrichfolklore,Naplesinthelastcenturywasbelovedbyartistsandwriters.Themostfamousresponsetothismagnificencewasthecommentbyanunknownadmirer,“SeeNaplesanddie.”

Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.ThebombardmentsofWorldWarIIwerefollowedbythedepredationsofprofiteersandpoliticians-for-rentwhoreducedthecitytoademoralizedshadowofitself,survivingongovernmenthandouts.Untilfiveyearsagocitygovernmentswerecobbledtogetherbywarringpoliticalfactions;somemayorslastedonlyafewmonths.Acholeraoutbreakin1973wasfollowedin1980byamajorearthquake.Itsfamousporthaswithered(thoughtheU.S.SixthFleetcommandisstillbasedjustupthecoast),industrieshavefailed,touristshavefled,nativeshavemovedout—itseemsthatonlydrugtraffickingisbooming.“Unlivable,”theNeapolitanssay,“Incomprehensible”,“Martyred”.

1.Thetwoexamplesinthesecondandthirdparagraphsintendtoshowthat______.

2.ItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethattheNortherners______.

3.TheauthorimpliesthatNeapolitans’affectionforthecity______.

4.Whentheauthorsays“Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations,”heactuallymeansthat______.

问题1选项

A.Napleshasahighincidenceoftrafficaccidents

B.anythingextraordinarycanhappeninNaples

C.peopletherelovetostorefoodforyears

D.everythingappearstobeonthewrongside

问题2选项

A.arecriticalofwhatNaplesrepresents

B.sympathizewithNeapolitans

C.sharemanythingswithNeapolitans

D.makeeveryefforttoshunNeapolitans

问题3选项

A.wasunrealistic

B.wentabittoofar

C.wasextraordinary

D.gaverisetoconcern

问题4选项

A.thecitycannowboastveryfewpoets

B.artistsandwritershaveleftforLondonandParis

C.thecityunderwentheavybombingduringtheWar

D.Thecity’spresentproblemsobscureditsgloriouspast

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“第二段和第三段中的两个例子旨在说明……”。第二段首句提到Naples:thebutter-side-downofItaliancities,whereeventhetruthhasastrangelyfictitioustinge.（那不勒斯：意大利糟糕的城市，在那里甚至连真相都有一种奇怪的虚构色彩），接着第二段和第三段举出了两个例子：一个是Onedayacarrear-endedoneofthecity’sminibuses.Thebusdrivergotouttoinvestigate.Whilehestoodtheretalking,hisonlypassengertookthewheelanddroveoff.（一辆小汽车与一辆城市小型公共汽车追尾。公共汽车司机下车去调查。当他站在那里说话时，他唯一的乘客拿起方向盘开走了）；另外一个是Thentherewasthatbusylunchhourinthecentralpostofficewhenacrackintheceilingopenedandpostalworkerswereoverwhelmedbyanavalancheofstalecroissants.Asthecleanershauledawaygarbagebagsofmoldybreakfastrolls,thequestionsremained:Who?Why?Andwhatelsecouldstillbeupthere?（在中央邮局忙碌的午餐时间，天花板上的一条裂缝裂开了，邮政工人被一大堆过期的羊角面包压得喘不过气来。当清洁工把装着发霉的早餐面包卷的垃圾袋拖走时，问题来了：是谁？为什么？那上面还可能有什么？），从这两个例子可以推知，那不勒斯这个城市的糟糕的状况，故D项“一切似乎都是错位的”符合题意；A项“那不勒斯的交通事故发生率很高”和C项“那里的人们喜欢把食物储存多年”只是例子；B项“在那不勒斯，任何不寻常的事情都可能发生”表示不够准确，这些事情并不是不寻常的，而是糟糕的。因此，该题选择D项正确。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中可以得出结论，北方人……”。根据文章的第五段TomanyItalians,particularlythoseinthewealthy,industrializednorth,noneofthisissurprising.TothemNaplesmeanspoliticalcorruption,wastedfederalsubsidies,rampantorganizedcrime,appallinglylargefamilies,andcunning,lazypeoplewhoprefertodosomethingshadyratherthanhonestwork.（对许多意大利人来说，尤其是那些生活在富裕、工业化的北方的意大利人来说，这一切都不足为奇。对他们来说，那不勒斯意味着政治上的腐败，浪费的联邦补贴，猖獗的有组织犯罪，可怕的大家庭，以及狡诈、懒惰的人们，他们宁愿做一些阴暗的事情也不愿做诚实的工作。）可知，北方的意大利人对那不勒斯是批判的态度，A项“对那不勒斯所代表的东西持批评态度”正确；由此也可知B项“同情那不勒斯人”和C项“和那不勒斯人有很多共同点”不正确；D项“尽量避开那不勒斯人”，文章在此处主要是表达意大利的北方人对那不勒斯的批判，并不能推断出他们想尽量避开那不勒斯人。因此，该题选择A项正确。

3.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“作者暗示那不勒斯人对城市的感情……”。根据文章的第八段Neapolitansmaycomplain,butmostcan’tconceiveoflivinganywhereelse.Thecityhastheintimacy,tension,andcrazinessofalargebutintenselydevotedfamily.ThepeoplehavethesameperverseprideasNewYorkers.Theyloveeventhethingsthatdon’twork,andtheylovebeingNeapolitans.Theyknowoutsidersdon’tgetit,andtheydon’tcare.“Evenifyougoaway”,onewomansaid,“youremainaprisonerofthiscity.Mycityhasmanyproblems,butawayfromitIfeelbad.”（那不勒斯人可能会抱怨，但大多数人无法想象住在其他地方。这个城市有一个大家庭的亲密、紧张和疯狂，但却有着强烈的奉献精神。这里的人和纽约人一样，有一种偏执的自豪感。他们爱那些即使坏了的食物，他们喜欢做那不勒斯人。他们知道外人不懂，他们不在乎。一个女人说：“即使你走了，你仍然是这座城市的囚犯。我的城市有很多问题，但离开它我感觉很糟糕。”）可以推断出，在此处作者暗示那不勒斯人对他们城市的感情是特别的，是非凡的，C项“是非凡的”正确；由此也可知，A项“是不现实的”和D项“引起关注”不正确；B项“有点太过了”是干扰项，根据该段那不勒斯人对自己城市的描述可以知道这种情感并不显得很夸张。因此，该题选择C项正确。

4.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“当作者说‘如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了’时，他实际上的意思是……”。文章倒数第二段讲述了那不勒斯这个城市过去的辉煌和教养，接着最后一段第一句作者就说Todaythatremarkcarrieslesspoeticconnotations.（如今，那些评价就没有那么有诗意了），接着就讲到了那不勒斯屡屡遭受灾难和不堪的现状，由此可以推知，作者说这一句话的意思是那不勒斯如今的问题已经使得过去的辉煌暗淡模糊，D项“这个城市目前的问题使它辉煌的过去痕迹模糊”正确；A项“这个城市现在可以夸耀的诗人很少了”，最后两段没有提到诗人；B项“艺术家和作家都去了伦敦和巴黎”没有提到；C项“这座城市在战争期间遭受了猛烈的轰炸”这只是那不勒斯如今的问题使得过去的辉煌痕迹模糊的原因之一。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.单选题

Thereisnotverymuchexperimentaldata

adecisionbetweenthetwopossibilities.

问题1选项

A.whichtobebasedon

B.whichbebaseupon

C.uponwhichtobase

D.towhichtobebased

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。baseon/upon表示基于，介词应改放在which的前面，所以只有选项C正确。

14.单选题

Therearemanyarguments（）smokinginpublicplaces.

问题1选项

A.for

B.from

C.against

D.towards

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多人反对在公共场所吸烟。

15.单选题

Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite____.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.sustainable

C.probable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.eligible有资格的；合格的B.sustainable（对自然资源和能源的利用）不破坏生态平衡的;合理利用的

C.probable很可能发生（或存在）的D.feasible可行的；行得通的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我建议我们把这个计划付诸实施，因为它相当……。根据逻辑，前面讲建议计划付诸于现实，那么可知这个计划应该是可行的所以才要实施该计划。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我建议实施这个计划，因为它是相当可行的。

16.单选题

WildBillDonovanwouldhavelovedtheInternet.TheAmericanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesinWorldWarⅡandlaterlaidtherootsfortheCIAwasfascinatedwithinformation.Donovanbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession”.ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’svocationaswell.

Thelatestrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’se-mail.Thatkindofelectronicspyinghasbeengoingonfordecades.Inthepastthreeorfouryears,theWorldWideWebhasgivenbirthtoawholeindustryofpoint-and-clickspying.Thespooks(间谍)callit“open-sourceintelligence”,andastheNetgrows,itisbecomingincreasinglyinfluential.In1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemostdataaboutBurundi.Thewinner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpenSourceSolutions,whoseclearadvantagewasitsmasteryoftheelectronicworld.

AmongthefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthisnewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,Texas.Straitfordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)tocorporationslikeenergy-servicesfirmMcDermottInternational.Manyofitspredictionsareavailableonlineatwww.S.

StraitfordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’sdream.LastweekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newInternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,sinceitcanbedifficulttotellgoodinformationfrombad.That’swhereStraitfordearnsitskeep.

FriedmanreliesonaleanStaffof20inAustin.Severalofhisstaffmembershavemilitary-intelligencebackgrounds.Heseesthefirm’soutsiderstatusasthekeytoitssuccess.Straitford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherebyagenciesavoiddramaticdeclarationsonthechancetheymightbewrong.Straitford,saysFriedman,takesprideinitsindependentvoice.

1.TheemergenceoftheNethas______.

2.Donovan’sstoryismentionedinthetextto______.

3.Thephrase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans______.

4.Itcan