考研考博-英语-四川艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川艺术职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

（）myreturn,IlearnedthatProfessorSmithhadbeenattheMuseumandwouldnotbebackforseveralhours.

问题1选项

A.For

B.At

C.In

D.On

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配题。onone’sreturn表示“在……回来的时候”。

2.单选题

Reading（）themindonlywithmaterialsof

knowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

问题1选项

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.minimizes

D.furnishes

【答案】D

【解析】rectify指修正；prolong指延长；minimize指最小化；furnish此处指为...提供。句意：阅读只能提供知识的材料,

而思考能让我们读到的东西属于我们自己。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

OilisNigeria’s______export.

问题1选项

A.elite

B.majority

C.spice

D.staple

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elite“社会精英”；B选项majority“大部分；大多数”；C选项spice“（调味）香料；额外的趣味（或刺激等）”；D选项staple“（某国的）主要产品；主要部分”。句意：石油是尼日利亚出口的______。根据语境，D选项staple“（某国的）主要产品”搭配export“出口”比较合理，意思是石油是主要的出口产品。因此D选项正确。

4.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

5.单选题

Familydisruptionhasbeensuggestedasacentralcauseofmanytroublesomesocialproblems.Morethanhalfofthedramaticincreaseinchildpovertyinthe1980’s（）toit.

问题1选项

A.arecontributed

B.arecontributable

C.isattributing

D.isattributable

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。contribute“贡献，出力”；attribute“归因于”。词组attributeto通常用于一般现在时态，选项C可排除。句意：有人认为家庭破裂是许多棘手的社会问题的主要原因。上世纪80年代，儿童贫困的急剧增加，有一半以上的问题要归因于贫困。选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescenceperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.

Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandthereisnolongeragreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhoodprivilegeswithoutgainingsignificantadultrights.Attheageof16theadolescentisgrantedcertainadultrightswhichincreasehissocialstatusbyprovidinghimwithmorefreedomandchoices.Henowcanobtainadriver’slicense,hecanleavepublicschools;andhecanworkwithouttherestrictionsofchildlaborlaws.Attheageof18thelawprovidesadultresponsibilitiesaswellasrights;theyoungmancannowbeasoldier,buthealsocanmarrywithoutparentalpermission.Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.Henowcanvote,buyliquor,enterintofinancialcontracts,andheisentitledtorunforpublicoffice.Noadditionalbasicrightsareacquiredasafunctionofageaftermajoritystatushasbeenattained.Noneoftheselegalprovisionsdetermineatwhatpointadulthoodhasbeenreachedbuttheydopointtotheprolongedperiodofadolescence.

1.Theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerinindustrialsocietiesbecause（）.

2.Formersocialceremoniesthatusedtomarkadolescencehavegivenplaceto（）.

3.Noonecanexpecttofullyenjoytheadulthoodprivilegesuntilheis（）.

4.Startingfrom22,（）.

问题1选项

A.thedefinitionofmaturityhaschanged

B.theindustrializedsocietyismoredeveloped

C.moreeducationisprovidedandlawsagainstchildlaboraremade

D.ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificance

问题2选项

A.graduationsfromschoolsandcolleges

B.socialrecognition

C.socio-economicstatus

D.certainbehavioralchanges

问题3选项

A.elevenyearsold

B.sixteenyearsold

C.twenty-oneyearsold

D.betweentwelveandtwenty-oneyearsold

问题4选项

A.onewillobtainmorebasicrights

B.theolderonebecomes,themorebasicrightshewillhave

C.onewon’tgetmorebasicrightsthanwhenheis21

D.onewillenjoymorerightsgrantedbysociety

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，withpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor“延长教育时间和反童工法律”，这两个因素会延长青春期.

2.选项C符合题意。信息推断题。根据文章第二段。过去的社会仪式已经被学业阶段所取代，对青春期和认可和现实意义已经变得模糊。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段。“Attheageof21theindividualobtainshisfulllegalrightsasanadult.”可知21岁后才能享受成年人的权利。选项C符合题意。

4.信息推断题。根据文章第二段，文中提到21岁后就进入了成年状态，可以享受更多基本权利，选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

LondontodayisthepoliticalandfinancialcapitalofGreatBritain.Itbegan,however,asaRomanstronghold,andfollowingtheRomansdeparture,theAnglo-SaxonsandthentheNormanscontrolledit.Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.Mostofthiscanbeattributedtothecity’seconomicdevelopment.LocatedontheThamesRiverwitheasyaccesstotheNorthSea,Londonbecameacenterofshippingandcommerce.Largecorporationswerebasedthere,whichbroughtfurtherwealth.Finally,whentheIndustrialRevolutionbegan,Londonwastransformedevenmoreandhadbecomethefinancialcenteroftheworldbythenineteenthcentury.

TheRomansconqueredBritainin43A.D.andfoundedLondon—calledLondiniumbythem—asagarrisontown,anditbecameacenterofseabornetradesoonafterward.London’slocationwasideal:ItwascentrallysituatedontheThamesRiverfarfromthecoastbutnotsofarinlandthatshipscouldnotnavigateuprivertoit.Assuch,itbecameacenteroftradeinRomanBritainandmayhavehadasmanyas60,000peopleatitsheight.ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.Anglo-Saxonincursionsledtothereoccupationofthearea,butVikinginvasionsanddecadesofinstabilitymeantthattheregionsawlittleeconomicgrowth.WhentheNormansinvadedfromFrancein1066,theychoseLondontotheircenterofgovernment,whichbeganthecity’srevival.

DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.Londonwaspoisedtotakeadvantageofthisthankstoitsgeographicallocationandpoliticalpower.ThecitycontinuedtogrowinsizeandwealththroughoutthemedievalperiodaswellasduringtheRenaissance.WhenBritainbegantogaincoloniesintheAmericasandelsewhereinthesixteenthcentury,fabulousamountsofmoneystartedfindingtheirwaytoLondon.

Atthattime,mercantilismisthereigningeconomicphilosophyinBritain.ItcalledfortheprotectingofBritishtradebetweenthehomeislandanditscolonies.ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.OneresultofthismercantilistphilosophywasthatextraordinarywealthpouredintoLondon.AtthecenterofallBritisheconomicactivity,Londongrewrapidlyandexpandedinsizeandpopulationduringthistime.

Atthesametime,thefoundingofseveralgreatcompaniesandinstitutionspavedthewayforLondontobecomethecenterofworldtradeandfinance.TheBritishEastIndiaCompany,forinstance,wasgrantedamonopolyontradeinIndia.ItwasbasedinLondon,somanytreasuresfromIndiamadetheirwaythere.Thecompanyhadtoraisemoneyforitsinitialventures,soitsoldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange,whichhaditshumblebeginningsinLondon’scoffeeshops,wheremerchantsgatheredtotradestocksandtolearnfinancialnewsfromaroundtheworld.Otherimportantinstitutions,suchastheBankofEnglandandtheinsurancefirmLloyd’sofLondon,werestartedthenaswell.

Duringtheeighteenthcentury,theIndustrialRevolutioncausedtheBritisheconomicphilosophytochangefrommercantilismtocapitalism.Tradewithoverseascoloniesbecamelessimportantwheninvestorsinfactoriesstartedbecomingrich.Britaininitiatedapolicyoffreetrade,soughttoestablishaworldwidemarket,andtradedproductsfromitsmanufacturingindustrywithanyonewhowouldpurchasethem.Londonwasatthecenterofthiseconomicaction.Thedevelopmentoffaststeamships,thetelegraph,andthetelephoneinthenineteenthcenturyconnectedLondonwiththeentireworld,soitbecametheworld’sfinancialcenter.Itsbankswereusedtotransferfundsworldwide,itsfinancialinstitutionsprovidedcapitalforinvestors,anditsdocksandwarehouseswerefilledwithrawmaterialsandgoodsfromaroundtheworld.Unfortunately,theonsetofWorldWarIin1914broughtthisentiresystemtoahalt.

21.Thewordprimedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

22.Accordingtotheparagraph2,theRomansleftLondonbecause________.

23.Inparagraph3,theauthorusesshipbuildingandmaritimetradeasexampleof________.

24.Theauthor’sdescriptionofmercantilisminparagraph4mentionswhichofthefollowing?

25.Inparagraph5,theauthor’sdescriptionoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanymentionswhichofthefollowing?

问题1选项

A.positioned

B.inspired

C.appointed

D.expected

问题2选项

A.theAnglo-SaxonsinvadedanddefeatedtheRomansinbattle

B.theentireRomanEmpirefell,sotheRomanstheredeparted

C.therewerefeweconomicbenefitstogainbylivingthere

D.theRomanshadnoneedforaseaportsofarnorthofRome

问题3选项

A.twoaspectsofthemedievaleconomyinwhichLondonwasaEuropeanleader

B.thereasonsthatBritainstartedtoacquirethecoloniesintheAmerica

C.theprimaryfactorswhyBritainbecamewealthyduringtheRenaissance

D.reasonsthatLondonstartedtobecomemoreprominentintheMiddleAges

问题4选项

A.Itfocusedonsellinggoodstoothersratherthanpurchasingthem.

B.ItwasaneconomicphilosophythathaditsoriginsinGreatBritain.

C.ItenabledLondontogrowrichattheexpenseofotherBritishcities.

D.ItcontributedtotheBritishcoloniesbeinglesswealthythanthehomeisland.

问题5选项

A.ItplayedamajorroleinthefoundingofastockexchangeinLondon.

B.ThecompanywashighlyeffectiveatkeepingIndiaunderBritishcontrol.

C.ItsstockwasmorevaluablethanthatofanyotherBritishcorporation.

D.SeveralmembersoftheBritishgovernmentwereshareholdersinit.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】21.语义推测题。Prime的意思是“使准备好，使进入状态”，根据第一段第三句Londongrewconsiderablyduringthemedievalperiodand,bythesixteenthcentury,wasprimedtobethecenterofunprecedentedgrowth.（伦敦在中世纪时期大幅增长，到了16世纪，预计将成为增长速度史无前例的经济中心。），因为伦敦在中世纪时期大幅增长，所以有了后面成为增长速度史无前例的经济中心的结果，这里有一个推断关系，所以D选项“预期”符合题意。A选项“放置”，B选项“鼓舞”和C选项“委任”不符合题意，故错误。因此D选项正确。

22.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句ButthefalloftheRomanEmpireinthefifthcenturyresultedintheRomanabandonmentofBritain,so,forsometime,Londonwasvirtuallyempty.（但五世纪罗马帝国的衰落导致罗马人放弃了不列颠，所以有一段时间，伦敦实际上是空的。），罗马帝国的衰落让罗马人离开伦敦，所以B选项“整个罗马帝国灭亡了，所以那里的罗马人离开了”正确，A选项“盎格鲁•撒克逊人入侵并打败了罗马人”，C选项“住在那里几乎没有什么经济利益”和D选项“罗马人不需要在罗马北部这样偏远的地方建海港”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

23.推理判断题。根据第三段DuringthemidandlateMiddleAges,LondonexpandedasbothatownandeconomiccenterwhentheEuropeanworldbecamemoreconnectedduetotheincreasedshipbuildingandmaritimetrade.（中世纪中后期，伦敦作为一个城镇和经济中心扩张，由于造船和海上贸易的增加，欧洲世界变得更加联系紧密。），可知英国在中世纪变成经济中心是因为造船和海上贸易，所以D选项“伦敦在中世纪开始变得更加突出的原因”正确。A选项“在中世纪，伦敦在这两个方面的经济是欧洲的领导者”不是表达的重点，而且文章的意思是英国经济在总体上在欧洲领先，故错误。B选项“英国开始在美洲获得殖民地的原因”和C选项“英国在文艺复兴时期变得富有的主要因素”这里没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

24.事实细节题。A选项“注重于向别人销售商品而不是购买商品”：根据第四段第四句Themainobjectivesweretoattainatradesurplusandtoamassgoldandsilver.（其主要目标是实现贸易顺差和积累黄金和白银。），可知是注重出口，也就是注重销售，所以正确。B选项“这是起源于英国的经济哲学”：mercantilismisthereigningeconomic（重商主义是英国占统治地位的经济哲学），这里并没有表示这起源于英国，故错误。C选项“让伦敦以牺牲其他英国城市为代价而致富”：根据第四段第三句ThegovernmentaccordinglyenactedlawsthatimposedtaxesonimportsandprotectedBritishtrade.（政府因此颁布了对进口商品征税的法律，保护英国的贸易。），可知英国同时保护本土与殖民地的贸易，故错误。D选项“让英国殖民地不如本国岛富裕”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

25.事实细节题。根据第五段第四、五句Thecompany…soldsharesofstockthatgaveinvestorspiecesofthewealthitwasamassing.ThishelpedestablishtheLondonStockExchange（该公司……出售股票，让投资者分得它正在积累的部分财富。这帮助建立了伦敦证券交易所），可知东印度公司出售股票的举动推动建立伦敦证券交易所，所以A选项“在伦敦证券交易所的建立中发挥了重要作用”正确。B选项“非常有效地将印度置于英国的控制之下”，C选项“其股票比任何其他英国公司的股票更有价值”和D选项“英国政府的几个成员是它的股东”文章没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Ahushfellovertheguestswhohad（

）fortheweddingcelebration.

问题1选项

A.assembled

B.participated

C.attended

D.summoned

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble“集合，聚集”；participate“参与，分享”；attend“参加”；summon“召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Theinkhasfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwere（）.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.indelible

C.disable

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的，合理的”；B选项indelible“难忘的，擦不掉的”；C选项disable“使残废”；D选项illegible“难以辨认的，字迹模糊的”。句意：随着时间的推移，墨水已经褪色，所以信的某些部分难以辨认。选项D符合语境。

10.翻译题

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultowoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。

所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。

11.单选题

Inthe________ofdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnology,manhasbecomemorecapableofconqueringnature.

问题1选项

A.event

B.search

C.wake

D.future

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.event事件，活动B.search搜索，搜寻

C.wake尾流，航迹D.future未来，将来

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】由“morecapableofconqueringnature（征服自然的能力越来越强）”可知，前半句是在介绍这种能力变强的原因。通常来说，人类是通过科技来征服自然的，所以随着科技的发展，征服自然的能力会越来越强。inthewakeof是固定搭配，意为“随……之后而来，跟随在……后”，因此C选项wake“尾流，航迹”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项event“事件，活动”，intheeventof指万一、如果发生了某事，由“hasbecome（已经变得）”可知，科学技术的发展是已经发生的，而不是假设的情况，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

B选项search“搜索，搜寻”，inthesearchof指寻找某事物，不能和“developmentsinscienceandtechnology（科技发展）”进行搭配；

D选项future“未来，将来”，inthefutureof指对于某事物的未来，由“hasbecome（已经变得）”可知，科学技术的发展是已经发生的，而不是未来的事，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】随着科学技术的发展，人类征服自然的能力也越来越强了。

12.单选题

Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeoplewhooperatethenewmachinesandonthesocietyintowhichthemachineshavebeenintroduced.Forexample,ithasbeensuggestedthattheemploymentofwomeninindustrytookthemoutofthehousehold,theirtraditionalsphere,andfundamentallyalteredtheirpositioninsociety.Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories,JulesSimon,aFrenchpolitician,warnedthatbydoingso,womenwouldgiveuptheirfemininity.FriedrichEngels,however,predictedthatwomenwouldbeliberatedfromthe“social,legal,andeconomicsubordination”ofthefamilybytechnologicaldevelopmentsthatmadepossibletherecruitmentof“thewholefemalesexintopublicindustry.”Observersthusdifferedconcerningthesocialdesirabilityofmechanization’seffects,buttheyagreedthatitwouldtransformwomen’slives.

Historians,particularlythoseinvestigatingthehistoryofwomen,nowseriouslyquestionthisassumptionoftransformingpower.Theyconcludethatsuchdramatictechnologicalinnovationsasthespinningjenny,thesewingmachine,thetypewriterandthevacuumcleanerhavenotresultedinequallydramaticsocialchangesinwomen’seconomicpositionorintheprevailingevaluationofwomen’swork.TheemploymentofyoungwomenintextilemillsduringtheIndustrialRevolutionwaslargelyanextensionofanolderpatternofemploymentofyoung,singlewomenasdomestics.Itwasnotthechangeinofficetechnology,butrathertheseparationofsecretarialwork,previouslyseenasanapprenticeshipforbeginningmanagers,fromadministrativeworkthatinthe1880’screatedanewclassof“dead-end”jobs,thenceforthconsidered“women’swork.”Theincreaseinthenumbersofmarriedwomenemployedoutsidethehomeinthetwentiethcenturyhadlesstodowiththemechanizationofhouseworkandanincreaseinleisuretimeforthesewomenthanitdidwiththeirowneconomicnecessityandwithhighmarriageratesthatshranktheavailablepoolofsinglewomenworkers,previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire.

Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years,movingfromthehouseholdtotheofficeorthefactory,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork.Fundamentally,however,theconditionsunderwhichwomenworkhavechangedlittlesincebeforetheIndustrialRevolution:thesegregationofoccupationsbygender,lowerpayforwomenasagroup,jobsthatrequirerelativelylowlevelsofskillandofferwomenlittleopportunityforadvancementallpersist,whilewomen'shouseholdlaborremainsdemanding.Recenthistoricalinvestigationhasledtoamajorrevisionofthenotionthattechnologyisalwaysinherentlyrevolutionaryinitseffectsonsociety.Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?

47.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldconsiderwhichofthefollowingtobeanindicationofafundamentalalterationintheconditionsofwomen’swork?

48.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmanyemployersbeforethetwentiethcenturyisNOTimpliedinthepassage?

49.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionoftheconcludingsentenceofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theeffectsofthemechanizationofwomen’sworkhavenotborneoutthefrequentlyheldassumptionthatnewtechnologyisinherentlyrevolutionary.

B.Recentstudieshaveshownthatmechanizationrevolutionizesasociety’straditionalvaluesandthecustomaryrolesofitsmembers.

C.Mechanizationhascausedthenatureofwomen’sworktochangesincetheIndustrialRevolution.

D.Themechanizationofwomen’swork,whileextremelyrevolutionaryinitseffects,hasnot,onthewhole,hadthedeleteriouseffectsthatsomecriticshadfeared.

问题2选项

A.Statisticsshowingthatthemajorityofwomennowoccupywhite-collarpositions.

B.Interviewswithmarriedmenindicatingthattheyarenowdoingsomehouseholdtasks.

C.Surveysofthelabormarketdocumentingtherecentcreationofanewclassofjobsinelectronicsinwhichwomenworkersoutnumbermenfourtoone.

D.Censusresultsshowingthatworkingwomen’swagesandsalariesare,ontheaverage,ashighasthoseofworkingmen.

问题3选项

A.Theydidemploywomeninfactories200yearsago.

B.Theytendedtoemploysingleratherthanmarriedwomen.

C.Theyhiredwomenonlywhenqualifiedmenwerenotavailabletofilltheopenpositions.

D.Theyhiredwomentodomostofthewhite-collarwork.

问题4选项

A.Itsumsupthegeneralpointsconcerningthemechanizationofworkmadeinthepassageasawhole.

B.Itdrawsaconclusionconcerningtheeffectsofthemechanizationofworkwhichgoesbeyondtheevidencepresentedinthepassageasawhole.

C.Itrestatesthepointconcerningtechnologymadeinthesentenceimmediatelyprecedingit.

D.Itqualifiestheauthor’sagreementwithscholarswhoargueforamajorrevisionintheassessmentoftheimpactofmechanizationonsociety.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】46.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一句Itisfrequentlyassumedthatthemechanizationofworkhasarevolutionaryeffectonthelivesofthepeople...（人们常常认为，工作的机械化对操作新机器的人们的生活以及机器被引入的社会有着革命性的影响），提出了人们普遍认同的一种观点，认为mechanization为人们的生活和社会带来了revolutionaryeffect，而该段最后一句提出许多观察者不同意这种见解；之后，文章以妇女所从事工作的转变为例，进一步论证最后得出结论：Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（机械化甚至可能延缓了女性在劳动力市场和家庭中的传统地位的变化进程）因此，选项A“现代化对妇女工作的影响证明，普遍认同的新技术具有与生俱来的创新性这一说法站不住脚”最能概括文章的大意。B“最近的研究表明，机械化彻底改变了一个社会的传统价值观及其成员的习惯角色”和C“自工业革命以来，机械化使妇女工作的性质发生了变化”两项均与文章所持的观点相左，而D项“妇女工作的机械化虽然在其效果上极为革命性，但总体上并没有产生一些评论家所担心的有害影响”只是文章提到的一个细节，不能概括大意。

47.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意为：根据文章可推断作者把下列哪个看作是妇女工作条件发生根本转变的一个标志。文章第三段前半部分是说：在过去的200年里，妇女的工作发生了很大的变化，从家庭转移到办公室或工厂，后来主要成为白领而不是蓝领。然而，从根本上说，自工业革命前以来，妇女工作的条件几乎没有改变：按性别划分职业、妇女作为一个群体的工资较低、要求相对较低的技能水平和很少为妇女提供晋升机会的工作都持续存在，而妇女的家务劳动仍然要求很高。据此，只有D项“人口普查结果显示，职业妇女的工资和薪金平均与职业男子一样高”，符合作者的意图。A项“统计数据显示，现在大多数女性担任白领职位”，B项“对已婚男性的采访表明他们现在正在做一些家务”，C项“对劳动力市场的调查，记录了最近在电子行业创造了一类新的工作岗位，其中女性工人的数量比男性多4:1”，均是对文意的曲解。

48.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干：以下关于二十世纪以前许多雇主的陈述中，哪一个不是在文章中暗示的？C项“只有当合格的男性无法填补空缺职位时，他们才雇用女性”，文中并未体现，当选。第一段第三句Inthenineteenthcentury,whenwomenbegantoenterfactories（十九世纪，妇女开始进入工厂），可知A项“在十九世纪，妇女开始进入工厂”是正确的，不符合题意要求，排除；从第二段最后一句previously,inmanycases,theonlywomenemployerswouldhire（在这之前，在大多数情况下，单身女性是雇主唯一想雇佣的），可知B项“他们倾向于雇用单身妇女而不是已婚妇女”是正确的，排除；从第三段第一句Women’sworkhaschangedconsiderablyinthepast200years…,andlaterbecomingmostlywhite-collarinsteadofblue-collarwork（在过去的200年里，妇女的工作发生了很大的变化……，后来主要成为白领而不是蓝领），由此可知，D项“他们雇用妇女来做大部分的白领工作”与文章内容相符，排除。

49.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干：以下哪一项最能描述文章结尾句的功能？找到文章结尾句Mechanizationmayevenhaveslowedanychangeinthetraditionalpositionofwomenbothinthelabormarketandinthehome.（机械化甚至可能延缓了妇女在劳动力市场和家庭中传统地位变化的进程）。我们从第一段第一句就已经知道关于劳动机械化的一般观点是：工作的机械化对操作新机器的人们的生活以及机器被引入的社会有着革命性的影响，所以