考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆医学高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall（）sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.

问题1选项

A.orrather

B.ratherthan

C.butrather

D.otherthan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项orrather“更准确说，倒不如说”，B项ratherthan“而不是”，C项butrather“而宁可说是”，D项otherthan“除了，不同于”。根据关键词drug（药物）和sugarpills（糖丸）可知，空格前后表转折，只有C项表示转折。句意：有时病人遭受严重的疼痛可以通过“药物”来缓解，这些“药物”根本不是药物，而是不含任何活性化学元素的糖丸。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher,thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspump.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Whatdothefirstexperimentsmentionedinparagraphoneprove?

3.Howdobotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants'?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

问题1选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmospherepressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题2选项

A.Plantstemsdiewhendeprivedofwater

B.Cellsinplantstemsdonotpumpwater

C.Plantscannotmovewatertohighaltitudes

D.Plantcellsregulatepressurewithinstems

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章回答了下列哪个问题?’根据第二段第一句中“IfWaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?如果水不是被泵到高树的树顶，也不是被推到树顶，那么我们会问：它是怎样到达树顶的呢？”以及第二段第二句‘Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.’最近公认的内聚压力理论解答了“水移动到树顶端的原因。”确定C选项“水如何到达树的顶端”正确。

2.推理判断题。题目提问‘第一段中提到的第一个实验证明了什么?’根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物的茎的细胞不能抽水”正确。

3.推理判断题。题目提问‘植物学家是如何知道根压并不是推动植物水分流动的唯一力量的?’根据第一段中“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.但根压完全不足以将水推到树顶。此外，作为最高树木之一的针叶树，其根压也低得异乎寻常。”确定A选项“一些非常高的树木有微弱的压力”正确。

4.推理判断题。题目提问‘这篇文章支持下列哪个陈述?’根据第二段中“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.根据目前为人们所接受的内聚压力的理论，水是被拉到上面去的。”确定D选项“植物学家已经改变他们有关水在植物中移动的理论”正确；也由此知A选项“水是被推到树的顶端的”和C选项“大气压力把水吸到高大树木的顶端”不正确，排除；根据第一段中“Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthestemsofplants,inwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.但许多实验表明，在杀死所有细胞的植物茎干中，水仍然可以移动到相当高的高度。”确定B选项“植物学家己经证明活细胞能充当泵”不正确。

3.单选题

OurheritageandourculturehavecausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseareunderstoodbyeveryone.WedonotrealizethatwavinggoodbyeisthewaytosummonaFilipinotoone’sside,orthatinItalycurlingthefingerinabeckoningmotionisagestureoffarewell.

ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,weliketothinkourselvesasfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm’slengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketocomecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheU.S,wemakefewconcessionstotheneedsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsinfourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonothavemultilingualguidetours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushavetranslationsandmultilingualbankclerksandpolicemenarerare.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelswhereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepickupareconditionedbythosenatives,usuallythemoreaffluent——whospeakEnglish.Ourbusiness,aswellasthenation'sdiplomacy,dealingsareconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithculturalblindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthemostpowerfulcountryoftheworld,thedispenseroftheneededfundsandcommodities,thepeacemaker,the“topbanana”intheglobalcast.Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging.

1.Whentheauthoruses“nearsightedness”，heistalking（

）.

2.Thepassageinformsusthat?

3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

5.Theauthorismostprobably（

）bynationality.

问题1选项

A.metaphorically

B.ironically

C.humorously

D.sarcastically

问题2选项

A.Americansdonotunderstandtheirownheritageandculturewell

B.theauthordoesnotmindAmericans,culturalblindness

C.Americanspaylittleattentiontoforeigncustomsandlanguages

D.Americahasnoproblemsintheworldbecauseit’sthemostpowerfulcountry

问题3选项

A.Americaisbecomingawarlikecountry

B.theAmericanroleintheworldisnolongerproper

C.Americawillbecomethemostpowerfulagainifitstartstolearnforeigncustoms

D.Americashouldn’tremainblindandignorantwithrespecttoothernations’cultures

问题4选项

A.SomeAmericancitizenssentpoisonsasgiftstoGermanyafterW.W.II.

B.AFilipinowillprobablyapproachanAmericanwhowavesbye-bye.

C.ItmaybeunfriendlytoLatinstokeepmorethan3feetawayfromthem.

D.Italiansusethefingermotionstoexpressbye-bye.

问题5选项

A.anItalian

B.anAmerican

C.aFilipino

D.aGerman

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者使用‘目光短浅’时，她正在说……”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld），选项A“比喻地”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。题目问的是“文章告诉我们……”。文章第三段提到“我们在语言和文化上的近视眼以及不注意去留意他国的爱好，习惯，习俗和语言正让我们在世界上失去朋友，业务及尊重”（Ourlinguisticandculturalnearsightednessandthecasualnesswithwhichwetakenotice—whenwedoofthedevelopedtastes,mannerisms,customsandlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingusfriends,businessandrespectintheworld），说明美国人不注重别国的习俗，选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。题目问的是“我们能从文章中得出……”文章最后一段提到过去美国人习惯忽视他国的语言和文化，因为那个时候美国很强大。但是已经是过去时了，我们应该意识到我们在世界上的独特作用正在改变（Butallthatispast.Weareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproperroleintheworldischanging），说明现在美国不应该像以前那样忽视他国的语言和文化，选项D“美国人不应该忽视他国的文化”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据作者的描述，下列哪项陈述是不真实的”。文章第二段提到“给二战后占领德国的美国军队寄送包裹的美国人为了避税而在包裹上标示‘GIFT’”，而不愿麻烦去发现‘GIFT’在德语中是“毒药”的意思（ThosePrivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroopsoccupyingGermanyafterW.W.IIandmarkedthemGIFTtoescapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthatGIFTmeanspoisoninGerman），由此可知选项A的描述是不真实的，是美国人为了避税错把GIFT（毒药）当GIFT（礼物），符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者可能是哪个国家的人”。文章使用的是第一人称，文章多次用“ourheritageandourculture”或者“weareslowlybeginningtorealize…”可以推测作者最有可能是美国人。选项B符合题意。

4.单选题

Peterknewclearlythathewasnotstrongenoughtoreplacehisboss.Hereasoned,therefore,thathemust（

）histime.

问题1选项

A.hide

B.ride

C.slide

D.bide

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。hide意为“隐藏”；ride意为“乘，骑”；slide意为“滑落”；bide意为“等待，停留”。句意：Peter清楚地知道他不够强大，不足以取代他的老板。因此，他推断他必须等待时机。

5.单选题

Nothingcanbemoreabsurdthantosaythathumanbeingsaredoomed.

问题1选项

A.compelling

B.rational

C.ridiculous

D.ambiguous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。absurd表示“荒谬的”；A项compelling“引人注目的，令人信服的”，B项rational“合理的，理性的”，C项ridiculous“可笑的，荒谬的”，D项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的”。句意：没有什么比说人类命中注定更荒谬的了。根据句意可知C项正确。

6.单选题

Weneedachairman（）.

问题1选项

A.forwhomeveryonehasconfidence

B.inwhomeveryonehasconfidence

C.whoeveryonehasconfidenceof

D.whomeveryonehasconfidenceon

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们需要一个每个人都对他有信心的主席。

语法题。考查定语从句。空格前面部分结构已经完整，而且结合选项可知，空格部分是定语从句。由“haveconfidenceinsomebody”表示“对某人有信心”可知，先行词在定语从句中充当宾语，即whom指代chairman，并且将介词in提前。故选B。

7.单选题

Duringthe1960’sand1970’s,theprimaryeconomicdevelopmentstrategyoflocalgovernmentsintheUnitedStateswastoattractmanufacturingindustries.Unfortunately,thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense:manymanufacturingfacilitieswereluredawayfromtheirmooringselsewherethroughtaxincentivesandslickpromotionalefforts.Throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy.

Inthe1980’sthestrategyshiftedfromthiszero-sumgametoonecalled“high-technologydevelopment,”inwhichlocalgovernmentscompetedtoattractnewlyformedhigh-technologymanufacturingfirms.Althoughthisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs,italsohaditsshortcomings:high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce,andtheresimplyarenotenoughhigh-techfirmstosatisfyallgeographicareas.

Recently,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglycometorecognizetheadvantagesofyetathirdstrategy:thepromotionofhomegrownsmallbusinesses.Smallindigenousbusinessesarecreatedbyanearlyubiquitousresource,localentrepreneurs,withrootsintheircommunities,theseindividualsarelesslikelytobeenticedawaybyincentivesofferedbyanothercommunity.Indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship.

1.ThepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthemajorityofUnitedStatesmanufacturingindustriesbeforethehigh-technologydevelopmenteraofthe1980’s?

2.Thetoneofthepassagesuggeststhattheauthorismostoptimisticabouttheeconomicdevelopmentpotentialofwhichofthefollowinggroups?

3.Theauthorofthepassagementionswhichofthefollowingasanadvantageofhigh-technologydevelopment?

4.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Theylostmanyoftheirmostinnovativepersonneltosmallentrepreneurialenterprises.

B.Theyexperiencedamajordeclineinprofitsduringthe1690’sand1970’s.

C.Theycouldproviderealeconomicbenefitstotheareasinwhichtheywerelocated.

D.Theyemployedworkerswhohadnospecializedskills.

问题2选项

A.Localgovernments

B.High-technologypromoters

C.Localentrepreneurs

D.Manufacturing-industrymanagers

问题3选项

A.Itencouragesthemodernizationofexistingmanufacturingfacilities.

B.Itdoesnotadvantageonelocalworkforceattheexpenseofanother.

C.Itencouragesthegrowthofrelatedindustries.

D.Ittakesfulladvantageoftheexistingworkforce.

问题4选项

A.Advocatemoreeffectivestrategiesforencouragingthedevelopmentofhigh—technologyenterprisesintheUnitedStates.

B.Contrasttheincentivesforeconomicdevelopmentofferedbylocalgovernmentswiththoseofferedbytheprivatesector.

C.Acknowledgeandcounteradversecriticismofprogramsbeingusedtostimulatelocaleconomicdevelopment.

D.Reviewandevaluatestrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenusedtostimulateeconomicdevelopment.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“thisstrategywasusuallyimplementedatanothercommunity’sexpense这种策略通常是实现另一个社区的代价,”以及“throughthetransferofjobsandrelatedrevenuesthatresultedfromthispractice,onetown’striumphcouldbecomeanothertown’stragedy通过这种做法带来的就业和相关收入的转移，一个城镇的胜利可能成为另一个城镇的悲剧”，可知，在八十年代以前，经济的发展都是本地化的，只能为自己所在的社区带来经济利益。C项“它们可以为它们所处的地区提供真正的经济利益。”正确。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段“high-techmanufacturingfirmsemployonlyaspeciallytrainedfractionofthemanufacturingworkforce高科技制造企业只雇佣了一小部分受过专门训练的制造劳动力”，以及第三段“indigenousindustryandtalentarekeptathome,creatinganenvironmentthatbothprovidesjobsandfostersfurtherentrepreneurship本土产业和人才被留在国内，创造了一个既提供就业又促进进一步创业的环境”。可知作者是对本土的企业持有比较乐观的态度。

3.细节事实题。定位到第二段“thisapproachwaspreferabletovictimizingothergeographicalareasbytakingtheirjobs这种办法比夺走其他地理地区的工作而使其受害要好”可知与B项“它不会牺牲一个当地劳动力的利益而使另一个劳动力受益。”相符。

4.主旨大意题。文章主要目的在于通过讲解三种不同的经济发展策略，告诉读者哪种发展策略优势比较明显，同时三种发展策略对经济有哪些好的促进作用。故D项“审查和评估用于刺激经济发展的战略和方案。”符合题意。

8.单选题

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidely-varyingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,or,atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheworD.ofthecrimespecies.Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,Africanjungle,orAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgas-litLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.Theelaborate,carefullyassembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsofsignificantnovels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.Withtheguiltofescapismfromreallifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyavaguelysuper-humandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgas-filledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosuffersfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebraisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestler.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.

1.Thecrimenovelmayberegardedas（）.

2.Thecreationofdetectivestorieshasitsoriginin（）.

3.Thecharactersofthedetectivestoriesare,generallyspeaking,（）.

4.Thesettingofthedetectivestoriesissomethinginamoreremoteplacebecause（）.

5.Thewriterofthispassagethinks（）.

问题1选项

A.anotquiterespectableformoftheconventionalnovel

B.notatruenovelatall

C.relatedinsomewaystothehistoricalnovel

D.adistinctbranchofthetraditionalnovel

问题2选项

A.seekingrestfromworkorworries

B.solving.mysteriousdeathsinthissociety

C.restoringexpectationsinpolitesociety

D.preventingcrimes

问题3选项

A.moreprofoundthanthoseofthetraditionalnovels

B.asrealaslifeitself

C.notlikehumanbeingsatall

D.notveryprofoundbutnotunlikely

问题4选项

A.itismorereal

B.ourfriendsarefamiliarwithit

C.itpleasesthereadersinaway

D.itneedsthereaders’support

问题5选项

A.whatpeoplehopeforfromlifecanfinallybegrantediftheyhaveconfidence

B.peopleliketofeelthatjusticeandgoodnesswillalwaystriumph

C.theyknowintherealworkgooddoesnotprevailoverevil

D.theirhopesinlifecanonlybefulfilledthroughfictionreading

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】

1.根据第一段的最后一句“atleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.”选项D正确。

2.根据第二段的第二句“Itscreationisoftentherelaxationofuniversityteachers,literaryeconomists,scientistsorevenpoets.”侦探小说通常是大学教师、文学经济学家、科学家甚至诗人放松之余的创作。选项A符合原文。

3.根据第二段的第四句“Thecharacters,thoughnormallyrealizedsuperficially,areasrecognizablyhumanandconsistentasourlessintimateassociates.”尽管从表面上看,可以被认出来,但有可能是我们不那么亲密的伙伴。由此可以推断,侦探小说主人公的特点,一般来说,给人的印象不是很深刻,但也不是没可能,选项D符合原文。

4.根据第二段的内容“Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,...,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.”大多数侦探小说作者都认真地提供了一个合理真实的背景。选项A符合原文。

5.根据文中的最后一句“Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.”我们对生活的一切希望都是间接实现的。也就是体现在侦探小说中,选项D符合原文。

9.单选题

AsDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall.Theearlyelectroniccomputerdidnothavemuchgoingforitexceptamarvelousmemoryandsomegoodmathskills.Buttodaythebestmodelscanbewireduptolearnbyexperience,followanargument,askproperquestionsandwritepoetryandmusic.Theycanalsocarryonsomewhatpuzzlingconversations.

Computersimitatelife.Ascomputersgetmorecomplex,theimitationgetsbetter.Finally,

thelinebetweentheoriginalandthecopybecomesunclear.Inanother15yearsorso,wewillseethecomputerasanewformoflife.

Theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures.Butdrivescanbeprogrammedintothecomputer’sbrainjustasnatureprogrammedthemintoourhumanbrainsaspartoftheequipmentforsurvival.

Computersmatchpeopleinsomeroles,andwhenfastdecisionsareneededinacrisis,theyoftensurpassthem.Havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefectthatpreventsitfromabsorbingseveralstreamsofinformationsimultaneouslyandactingonthemquickly.Throwtoomanythingsatthebrainatonetimeanditfreezesup.

Wearestillincontrol,butthecapabilitiesofcomputersareincreasingatafantasticrate,whilerawhumanintelligenceischangingslowly,ifasall.Computerpowerhasincreasedtentimeseveryeightyearssince1946.Inthe1990,whenthesixthgenerationappears,thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain.

Thatdoesnotmeantheevolutionofintelligencehasendedontheearth.Judgingbythepast,wecanexpectthatanewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievementsashehassurpassedthoseofhispredecessor.Onlyacarbonchemistryenthusiastwouldassumethatthenewspeciesmustbeman’sflesh-and-blooddescendants.Thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon.

1.WhatdoyousupposewastheattitudeofDr.SamuelJohnsontowardsladiespreaching?

2.Today,computersarestillinferiortomanintermsof（

）.

3.Intermsofmakingquickdecisions,thehumanbraincannotbecomparedwiththe

computerbecause（

）.

4.Thoughhethinkshighlyofthedevelopmentofcomputerscience,theauthordoesn’tmeanthat（

）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsinTRUE?

问题1选项

A.Hebelievedthatladieswerebornworsepreachersthanmen.

B.Hewaspleasedthatladiescouldpreach,thoughnotaswellasmen.

C.Hedisapprovedofladiespreaching.

D.Heencouragedladiestopreach

问题2选项

A.decisionmaking

B.drivesandfeelings

C.growthofreasoningpower

D.informationabsorption

问题3选项

A.inthelongprocessofevolutiontheslowpaceoflifedidn’trequiresuchabilityofthehumanbrain.

B.thehumanbrainisinfluencedbyotherfactorssuchasmotivationandemotion

C.thehumanbrainmaysometimesfreezeupinadangeroussituation

D.computersimitatelifewhilethehumanbraindoesnotimitatecomputers/

问题4选项

A.computersarelikelytobecomeanewformofintelligentlife.

B.humanbeingshavelostcontrolofcomputers.

C.theintelligenceofcomputerswilleventuallysurpassthatofhumanbeings.

D.theevolutionofintelligencewillprobablydependonthatofelectronicbrains.

问题5选项

A.Futuremanwillbemadeofsiliconinsteadoffleshandblood.

B.Somedayitwillbedifficulttotellacomputerfromaman.

C.Thereasoningpowerofcomputershasalreadysurpassedthatofman

D.Futureintelligentlifemaynotnecessarilybemadeoforganicmatter.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.文章第一句asDr.SamuelJohnsonsaidinadifferenteraaboutladiespreaching,thesurprisingthingaboutcomputersisnotthattheythinklesswellthanaman,butthattheythinkatall提到关于电脑最让人惊讶的不是它们没有人类擅长思考，而是它们竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士对于女人布道的看法一样，他认为让人惊讶的是女人能布道。选项B符合题意，他为女人能布道感到开心，虽然没有男人好。

2.文章第三段theopinionseemsridiculousbecause,foronething,computerslackthedrivesandemotionsoflivingcreatures提到电脑缺乏人类的动力和情感。选项B符合题意。

3.文章第四段havingevolvedwhenthepaceoflifewasslower,thehumanbrainhasaninherentdefect提到在生活节奏缓慢的情况下，人类的大脑有一个固有的缺点，选项A符合题意。

4.文章倒数第二段thereasoningpowerofanintelligencebuiltoutofsiliconwillbegintomatchthatofthehumanbrain提到由硅做出来的人工智能的推理能力将会追上人脑，由此可知计算机最终会拥有和人一样的推理能力，成为新的智能生命形式，选项A排除；作者在最后一段中提及计算机将超越人类的成就（anewspecieswillariseoutofman,surpassinghisachievements），并且提到智力的进化不会停止，因为人类将创造出一个新的智力物种（newspecies）选项C、D排除。所以选项B符合题意。

5.文章最后一段最后一句话thenewkindofintelligentlifeismorelikelytobemadeofsilicon提到这种新的智能生命体更可能由硅组成，可知不是必须由有机物构成这个说法是对的，选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Onescientificdiscipline,duringitsearlystagesofdevelopment,isoftenrelatedtoanotherasanantithesistoitsthesis.Thethesisdisciplinetendtoconcernitselfwithdiscoveryandclassificationofphenomena,toofferholisticexplanationsemphasizingpatternandform,andtouseexistingtheorytoexplainthewidestpossiblerangeofphenomena.Thepairedorantidiscipline,ontheotherhand,canbecharacterizedbyamorefocusedapproach,concentratingontheunitsofconstruction,andbyabeliefthatthedisciplinecanbereformulatedintermsoftheissuesandexplanationsoftheantidiscipline.

Therelationshipofcytology(cellbiology)tobiochemistryinthelatenineteenthcentury,whenbothdisciplinesweregrowingatarapidpace,exemplifiessuchapattern.Researchersincellbiologyfoundmountingevidenceofanintricatecellarchitecture.Theyalsodeducedthemysteriouschoreographyofthechromosomesduringcelldivision.Manybiochemists,ontheotherhand,remainedskepticaloftheideathatsomuchstructureexisted,arguingthatthechemicalreactionsthatoccurincytologicalpreparationsmightcreatetheappearanceofsuchstructures.Also,theystoodapartfromthedebatethenragingoverwhetherprotoplasm,thecomplexoflivingmaterialwithinacell,ishomogeneous,networklike,granular,orfoamlike.Theirinterestlayinthecore“fundamental”issuesofthechemicalnatureofprotoplasm,especiallythenewlyformulatedenzymetheoryoflife.

Ingeneral,biochemistsjudgedcytologiststobetooignorantofchemistrytograspthebasicprocesses,whereascytologistsconsideredthemethodsofbiochemistsinadequatetocharacterizethestructuresofthelivingcell.TherenewalofMendeliangeneticsand,later,progressinchromosomemappingdidlittleatfirsttoeffectasynthesis.

Bothsideswereessentiallycorrect.Biochemistryhasmorethanjustifieditsextravagantearlyclaimsbyexplainingsomuchofthecellularmachinery.Butinachievingthisfeat(mostlysince1950)ithasbeenpartiallytransformedintothehewdisciplineofmolecularbiology—biochemistiythatdealswithspatialarrangementsandmovementsoflargemolecules.Atthesametimecytologyhasmetamorphosedintomodemcellularbiology.Aidedbyelectronmicroscopy,ithasbecomemoresimilarinlanguageandoutlooktomolecularbiology.Theinteractionofadisciplineanditsantidisciplinehasmovedbothsciencestowardasynthesis,namelymoleculargenetics.

Thisinteractionbetwee