考研考博-英语-大庆师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大庆师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitsinteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.

Inamarketsystemindividualeconomicunitsarefreetointeractamongeachotherinthemarketplace.Itispossibletobuycommoditiesfromothereconomicunitsorsellcommoditiestothem.Inamarket,transactionsmaytakeplaceviabarterormoneyexchange.Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously,findingsomebodywhowantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.Hence,theintroductiononmoneyasamediumofexchangeeasestransactionsconsiderably.Inthemodernmarketeconomy,goods,andservicesareboughtorsoldformoney.

Analternativetothemarketsystemisadministrativecontrolbysomeagencyoveralltransactions.Thisagencywillissueedictsorcommandsastohowmuchofeachgoodandserviceshouldbeproduced,exchanged,andconsumedbyeacheconomicunit.Centralplanningmaybeonewayofadministeringsuchaneconomy.Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.Thisisanexampleofcompleteplanningofproduction,consumption,andexchangeforwholeeconomy.

Inatraditionalsociety,productionandconsumptionpatternsaregovernedbytradition:everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.Transactionstakeplaceonthebasisoftradition,too.Peoplebelongingtoacertaingrouporcastemayhaveanobligationtocareforotherpersons,providethemwithfoodandshelter,carefortheirhealth,andprovidefortheireducation.Clearly,inasystemwhereeverydecisionismadeonthebasisoftraditionalone,progressmaybedifficulttoachieve.Astagnantsocietymayresult.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,abartereconomycanleadto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whohasthegreatestdegreeofcontrolinanadministeredsystem?

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedbytheauthorasacertainfordeterminingaperson’splaceinatraditionalsociety?

5.Inparagraph2sentence3,“barter”means（）.

问题1选项

A.Tooutlinecontrastingtypeofeconomicsystems.

B.Toexplainthescienceofeconomics.

C.Toargueforthesuperiorityofoneeconomicsystem.

D.Tocomparebarterandmoney-exchangemarkets.

问题2选项

A.rapidspeedtransactions

B.misunderstanding

C.inflation

D.difficultiesfortraders

问题3选项

A.Individualhouseholds

B.Smallbusinesses

C.Majorcorporations

D.Thegovernment

问题4选项

A.Familybackground

B.Age

C.Religiousbelief

D.Custom

问题5选项

A.exchangegood,propertyforothergoods

B.amoreunit

C.akindoffood

D.trade

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedasthemarketsystem,theadministeredsystem,andthetraditionalsystem.（三种基本方式可以描述为市场体制、管理体制和传统体制。）文章第一段就点明了三种不同类型的经济体系：市场体系、行政管理体系和传统体系。接下来分别介绍了这三种体系，每一段的第一句都点明了具体要介绍的体系。而文章中作者并没有解释有关经济学方面的知识，也没有表示哪一种经济体系更优越，因此A选项“概述不同类型的经济制度”正确。B选项“来解释经济学”，是作者没有解释的；C选项“论证单一经济体系的优越性”，作者在文中是没有论述的；D选项“比较易货市场和货币交换市场”，只是市场体系中的两种形式，并不能概括整篇文章的意思。

2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第二段第四句话Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles...wantstotradeanoldcarinexchangeforasailboatmaynotalwaysbeaneasytask.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的，找到想用旧车交换帆船的人可能并不总是一件容易的任务。）通过这句话可以看出，在易货经济中，可见这种有形的物物交换对交换者而言是具有很大难度的，交易者想要做交易并没有那么容易，因此D选项“对交易者的困难”正确。A选项“快速的交易速度”并不是它的特点；B选项“误解，误会”这一点原文并没有提到；C选项“膨胀；通货膨胀”不是易货经济体现的。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到倒数第二段Thecentralplan,drawnupbythegovernment,showedtheamountsofeachcommodityproducedbythevariousfirmsandallocateddifferenthouseholdsforconsumption.（政府制定的中央计划显示了不同公司生产的每种商品的数量，并分配给不同的家庭用于消费。）这一段讲述了如何去制定市场的相关规定，而最高级的规定制定就来自于政府，因此D选项正确。A选项“个体户”，他们只是经济的参与者；B选项“小企业”，没有这个权利；C选项“大公司”，仍然没有政府的等级高。

4.判断推理题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段第一句话everyperson’splacewithintheeconomicsystemisfixedbyparentage,religion,andcustom.（每个人在经济体制中的地位是由出身、宗教和习惯风俗来决定的），可以得出只有B选项“年龄”是没有提到的，因此B选项正确。A选项“家庭背景”；C选项“宗教信仰”；D选项“风俗”都是提到了的。

5.语义推断题。根据题干定位到第二段Inabartereconomy,reallygoodssuchasautomobiles,shoes,andpizzasaretradedagainsteachotherobviously.（在易货经济中，真正的商品，如汽车、鞋子和披萨显然是相互交易的。）可以看出来在易货经济中交易的都是一些实在的物品，因此A选项“用货物、财产等交换其他货物”是正确的。B选项“一个单位”原文没有提及；C选项“一种食物”，只是其中的一种；D选项“交易”，这就是这件事本身。

2.单选题

Studentsofthegreatsociety,lookingatmankindinthelongperspectiveofhistory,havefrequentlybeendisposedtoseekanexplanationofexistingculturaldifferencesamongracesandpeoplesinsomesingledominatingcauseorcondition.Oneschoolofthoughthasfoundthatexplanationinclimateandinthephysicalenvironment.Anotherschoolhassoughtanexplanationofdivergentculturesintheinnatequalitiesofracesbiologicallyinherited.Thesetwotheorieshavethisincommon,namely,thattheybothconceivecivilizationandsocietytobetheresultofevolutionaryprocesses—processesbywhichmanhasacquirednewinheritabletraits—ratherthanprocessesbywhichnewrelationshavebeenestablishedbetweenmen.

Incontrasttobothofthese,thereisthecatastrophictheoryofcivilization.Fromthispointofview,climateandinnateracialtraits,importantastheymayhavebeenintheevolutionofraces,havebeenofonlyminorinfluenceincreatingexistingculturaldifferences.Infact,racesandcultures,sofarfrombeinginanysenseidentical—oreventheproductsofsimilarconditionsandforces—areperhapstobesetoveragainstoneanotherascontrasteffects,theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem.Atanyrate,ifitistruethatracesaretheproductsofisolationandinbreeding,itisjustascertainthatcivilization,ontheotherhand,isaconsequenceofcontactandcommunication.Theforceswhichhavebeendecisiveinthehistoryofmankindarethosewhichhavebroughtmentogetherinfruitfulcompetition,conflict,andcooperation.

Amongthemostimportantoftheseinfluenceshavebeen—accordingtowhatIhavecalledthecatastrophictheoryofprogress—migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned.“Everyadvanceinculture,”saysBucher,inhisIndustrialEvolution,“commences,sotospeak,withanewperiodofwandering,”andinsupportofthisthesishepointsoutthattheearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.“Thegreatfoundersofreligion,theearliestpoetsandphilosophers,themusiciansandactorsofpastepochs，areallgreatwanderers.Eventoday,donottheinventor,thepreacherofanewdoctrine,andthevirtuosotravelfromplacetoplaceinsearchofadherentsandadmirers—notwithstandingtheimmenserecentdevelopmentinthemeansofcommunicatinginformation?”

Theinfluencesonmigrationshavenotbeenlimited,ofcourse,bythechangeswhichtheyhaveeffectedinexistingcultures.Inthelongrun,theyhavedeterminedtheracialcharacteristicsofhistoricalpeoples.“Thewholeteachingofethnology,”asGriffithTaylorremarks,“Showthatpeoplesofmixedracearetheruleandnottheexceptions.”Everynation,uponexamination,turnsouttohavebeenamoreorlesssuccessfulmelting-pot.Tothisconstantsiftingofracesandpeoples,humangeographershavegiventhetitle“thehistoricalmovement,”because,asMissSemplesays,“itunderliesmostwrittenhistoryandconstitutesthemajorpartofunwrittenhistory,especiallythatofsavageandnomadictribes.”

Changesinracedoinevitablyfollowchangesinculture.Themovementsandminglingofpeopleswhichbringrapid,sudden,andoftencatastrophicchangesincustomsandhabitsarefollowed,inthecourseoftime,asaresultofinterbreeding,bycorrespondingmodificationsintemperamentandphysique.Therehasprobablyneverbeenaninstancewhereraceshavelivedtogetherintheintimatecontactswhichacommoneconomyenforcesinwhichracialcontiguityhasnotproducedracialhybrids.However,changesinracialcharacteristicsandinculturaltraitsproceedatverydifferentrates,anditisnotoriousthatculturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically.

1.Whatdoestheauthorbelievetobethegreatestinfluenceoncultureresultingingreaterculturaldiversity?

2.Accordingtothearticle,humancivilizationandcultureflourishedbecauseof（

）.

3.Inthearticle,theauthordefineshisnotionof“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredtobeanexampleofthistheory?

4.Theauthordescribesthefirstformsofindependentoccupationasbeing

（

）.

5.Whathistoricalsignificancedoesthearticleplaceonethnicityandacculturation?

问题1选项

A.Geographicfactors.

B.Biologicaldifferences.

C.Evolution.

D.Cross-culturalcommunication.

问题2选项

A.tradeandtheneedforeconomicprogress

B.religiousindoctrinationofapeople

C.hostilitybetweenraces

D.civilizations’diversephilosophies

问题3选项

A.RomanimperialismandtheassimilationofpeoplesintotheRomanEmpire.

B.Thestudyofastrologyanditsculturalimplications.

C.TheMayanpracticeofritualsacrifice.

D.TheWomen’sLiberationMovementinAmerica.

问题4选项

A.carriedoutforthepurposeoftradeandculturalexchange

B.migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies

C.encouragedbyautocratstoincreaseacivilization’swealth

D.superfluoustoacivilization’sculturalimpact

问题5选项

A.Historicallyethicindependencehasbeennegatedbytheencroachmentofothercultures.

B.Historicallyglobalizationhasdestroyedculturalautonomy.

C.Historicallyculturalisolationhassuccumbedtomultiracialismandmulticulturalism

D.Historicallyacculturationresultedfromtheexpansionofcivilization.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:1.观点态度题。文章第一段提到了关于种族和民族文化差异的两种理论，一种倾向于气候和物质环境，一种则侧重生物遗传特性，分别对应A和B选项，都不是作者个人观点。在第一段最后提到，这两种理论有共同点：文化和社会是进化过程的产物，也就是evolution。这一点由作者归纳得来，并且在下文中展开讲述，因此C选项符合题意。

第2题:2.事实细节题。人类文化和文明繁荣昌盛的原因出现在第二段“…theresultsofantagonistictendencies,sothatcivilizationmaybesaidtoflourishattheexpenseofracialdifferencesratherthantobeconservedbythem”，可知文化繁荣以种族差异为代价，是敌对趋势的结果。因此C选项“种族之间的敌对”符合题意。

第3题:3.判断推理题。作者关键词“thecatastrophictheoryofprogress”后紧接着以破折号做出了定义“migrationandtheincidentalcollisions,conflicts,andfusionsofpeopleandculturewhichtheyhaveoccasioned”，作者认为迁移以及附带的冲突、矛盾和融合带来了所谓的thecatastrophictheoryofprogress。分析选项发现A选项“罗马帝国的领土扩张以及人们融入罗马帝国”符合作者的定义。因此A选项是正确选项。

第4题:4.判断推理题。文章第三段提到“...theearlierformsoftradeweremigratory,thatthefirstindustriestofreethemselvesfromthehouseholdhusbandryandbecomeindependentoccupationswerecarriedonitinerantly.”最早的贸易形式是移动性的，早期的各种行业也是流动性的，它们将人们从家务中解放出来，并形成独立的职业。B选项“migratoryanduninhibitedbydomesticincumbencies”与这点相符合。因此B选项是正确选项。

第5题:5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲迁移对种族的影响和文化变迁。最后一段提到“culturalchangesarenotconsolidatedandtransmittedbiologically”，文化的变化并没有得到巩固和生物上的传播。C选项“历史文化孤立已经屈服于多种族主义和多元文化主义”与其相符合。A、B和D选项文中未提及。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Womenbossesareviewedaslessqualifiedandcapablethantheirmale（

）accordingtoastudy.

问题1选项

A.equivalents

B.counterparts

C.peers

D.substitutes

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。

句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。

4.翻译题

在学问上打下坚实的基础将使你终生受益。在学习的初级阶段，学校所有科目中最重要的是语言和数学。语言是阅读和交流的工具，中文不好，你就不能很好地表达自己；没有很好的掌握一门外语，你就会发现很难吸收外国的新知识。数学能训练人的逻辑思维。其他学科也各有用处，很难说哪一门更重要。比如，体育和音乐教育对于促进人的智力发展同样是重要的。

Thefirstbeginningsofthetheorymaybepromptedbycasualobservationandexperience.Inthesefirstprobestowardtheory,descriptionoffactsmakesupmostshareoftheeffort.Increasingsophisticationandrigorleadstoagrowingconcernwithtestingtentativetheoriesusingcarefullyselecteddataandavarietyofstatisticaltechniques.Intheselaterdevelopments,thesubjectmatterofadisciplinebecomesincreasinglytheoreticalanddeductive,ratherthanempiricalanddescriptive.

【答案】Layingasolidfoundationforstudywillworkforallyourlife.Intherudimentarystageoflearning,themostimportantsubjectsinschooleducationarelanguageandMathematics.Languageisatoolforreadingandcommunication.Ifyouarepoorinyourmotherlanguage,youcannotexpressyourselfwell.Andyouwillfindit’sdifficulttoabsorbnewknowledgefromothercountrieswithoutmasteringaforeignlanguage.Mathematicscantrainpeople’slogicalthinking.It’shardtotellwhichsubjectismoreimportant,forothersubjectsalsohavetheirownadvantages.Forinstance,physicalandmusiceducationmakecontributiontoourintelligencedevelopment.

不经意的观察和经历可能会促进理论的开始。在探究理论之初，描述事实构成了这种探索努力的最大部分。随着理论不断变得复杂和严谨，人们开始使用精心挑选的数据和各式各样的统计方法来测试尝试性的理论。在随后的发展中，学科的主题变得理论化，并且具有推导性，不再是经验和描述的。

5.单选题

Mostmenholdastereotypedconceptionofwomenthatthefemalearebornwithfrailconstitutionsaswellasa（）mind.

问题1选项

A.compassionate

B.fragile

C.stubborn

D.fatal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile“脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中…mind与frailconstitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thechiefeditorthoughthetooksomelibertieswiththeoriginalintranslation.Soitwasnecessarythathemakethe（

）suggested.

问题1选项

A.alterations

B.alternatives

C.alternations

D.altercations

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。alteration“修改；改变；变更”；alternative“二中择一”；alternation“交替，轮流”；altercation“争吵，吵架”。句意：主编认为他的译文对原文做了些改动。所以他有必要针对这些建议进行修改。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.

Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelife-styleoftheanimal,andthatpredatorsarestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcastordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.Butwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatall?Whyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolved?

Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal’svulnerability,thefunctionofsleepistodecreaseit?WilesWebboftheUniversityofFloridaandRayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thephenomenonofsleepiscommontowhichofthefollowinggroupsoflivingbeings?

2.Theauthorstatesthatduringdreamsleep,theanimalsleeps（

）.

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat,becausetherearenohidingplacesintheoceans,whalesanddolphins

（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat,iftheydidnotsleep,babiesofhuntinganimalsmight（

）.

问题1选项

A.All-ancientanimals.

B.Primatesonly.

C.Four-fooledbeastsonly.

D.Mostmammalsandbirds

问题2选项

A.withoutmoving

B.shallowly

C.intermittently

D.onitsside

问题3选项

A.sleeponlywhentheyareveryyoung

B.cannotaffordtosleepverymuch

C.usuallydreamwhileawake

D.taketurnssleeping

问题4选项

A.bemoreawareofdanger

B.makenoiseatthewrongtimes

C.failtogrowproperly

D.beabletocatchmorefood

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“Intheelectroencephalographicsenseweshareitwithalltheprimatesandalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackfarasthereptiles.脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。

2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilizedandremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whalesanddolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。

4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“Itisconceivablethatanimalswhoaretoostupidtobequietontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.”那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。

8.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsIhavesuggested,thenewbreedofinvestorshadbeenplayingwithinformationandturningitintomoney,anotherkindofinformation.However,theFederalReserveBankknewthatoncethegapbetweeninvestmentandproductionbecametoolarge,thesituationwouldresultincrisis.Nowthatithadhappened,onBlackMonday,whatwastobedone?(46)Theanswer,paradoxically,wastoinvestmoremoney—thatis,moreinformation—inthesystem.Evenattheriskoflosingthemoneyimmediately.Thiswouldshoreupthevaluemadefrominformationwithmoreinformation.Andinthisway,themarketwouldquicklyregainitscomposure.Therewas,ofcourse,nocauseforalarmonceinvestors’riskswerecoveredbythegovernment’srisk,thatis,bythewholeeconomyputtingitselfontheline.(47)Thatattitude,however,isboundtogenerateaseriesofotherfruitfulcrises,whichmayeventuallyteachusathingortwoabouttheshortcomingsofrepresentationalmoneyasamediumforsocialdevelopment.

Crisisisthemomentofchange,ofmetamorphosis:wecanimaginethatacaterpillarisindeepcrisisatthemomentitturnsintoabutterfly.Weallthinkthatthewordcrisismeanssomethingterrible,butitdoesn’t.Itmeanssomethingclever,peacefulandgood.CrisiscomesfromtheancientGreekwordkrino,whichmeans“toevaluate,judgeordecide.”Acrisisisatimeforjudgmentandanobjectofjudgment.(48)Thoughmanycrisesareoccasionedbytrulyunpredictableoccurrences,manymorearisefromthebreakdownofoldsystemsastheyareovertakenbythenew.TheBhopaldisasterinIndia,whichclaimedover4,000livesandinjuredmorethan400,000inaneruptionofitsdangerouschemicalMethylIsocyanate(MIC),mighthavebeenpredicted—ifnotaverted—bytrackingthesafetyrecordsofthelocalmanagementwhichactuallyprovedtobeappallinglynegligentandirresponsible.(49)Butarealbreakthroughwasthesuddendiscoveryofthenewcontextofpublicaccountabilityprovidedbyelectroniccommunications.Wehaveallbecomeourbrother’skeepersintheworldofinstantcommunications.Facingacrisis,manypeoplewastetheirtimewatchingtheoldordergodown,deploringtheirfateandregrettingtheworldthathasgoneby.(50)Butittakescriticaljudgmentincriticaltimestounderstandthattherealstoryiswhat’scoming.Thenthetaskofdecidingiseasyandfascinating.

【答案】【参考译文】

46.矛盾的是，答案是向系统投资更多的钱，也就是更多的信息。即使冒着马上失去金钱的风险。

47.然而，这种态度必然会产生一系列其他富有成效的危机，这些危机最终可能会给我们一些关于代表性货币作为社会发展媒介的缺点的教训。

48.尽管许多危机是由真正不可预测的事件引起的，但更多的是出现在旧体制的崩溃中，因为它们被新体制所取代。

49.但真正的突破是由电子通信提供的公共问责的新背景的突然发现。

50.但在关键时刻需要有批判性的判断力才能理解真实的故事是什么。那么做决定的任务就很简单，也很吸引人。

9.单选题

AftertheArabstateswonindependence,greatemphasiswaslaidonexpandingeducation,withgirlsaswellasboys___togotoschool.

问题1选项

A.tobeencouraged

B.beenencouraged

C.beingencouraged

D.beencourage

【答案】C

【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词with可引出分词独立结构，表示一种陪衬性动作或补充说明。A选项：动词不定式常作目的状语或表示将来的动作，不能引出陪衬性动作；B选项和D选项这两种形式不属于非谓语动词，排除；C选项现在分词表示陪衬性动作，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

TheChairmanwasevidently（）byJim’swordsandglaredathimforafewseconds.

问题1选项

A.putdown

B.putacross

C.putaway

D.putout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A选项putdown“记下，写下，镇压”；B选项putacross“圆满完成；使被接受；解释清楚”；C选项putaway“收起来，放好，储存，打消”；D选项putout“熄灭；伸出；使不高兴/愤怒/不安”。句意：这位主席很显然被Jim的话给激怒了，瞪了他几秒钟。因此D选项正确。

11.单选题

ParadiseLostisMilton’smasterpiece.ItsstoryistakenfromtheBible,about“thefallofman",thatis,howAdamandEvearetemptedbySatantodisobeyGodbyeatingtheforbiddenfruitfromtheTreeofKnowledge,andhowtheyarepunishedbyGodanddrivenoutofParadise.InMilton’swords,thepurposeofwritingtheepicisto“justifythewaysofGodtomen”,butapparently,Miltonisutteringhisintensehatredofcruelnessoftherulerinthepoem.BydepictingSatanandhisfollowersaswellastheirfieryutteranceandbraveactions,MiltonisshowingaPuritan’srevoltagainstthedictatorandagainsttheestablishedCatholicsandtheAnglicanChurch.

InthepoemGodisnobetterthanacruelandselfishruler,seatedonathronewithagroupofangelsabouthimsingingsongstopraisehim.Hislongspeechesarenotpleasingatall.HeiscruelandunjustinpunishingSatan.Hisangelsarestupid.ButSatanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem,whorisesagainstGodand,thoughdefeated,stillpersistsinhisfighting.

ThestoryofAdamandEveshowsMilton’sbeliefinthepowerofman.Goddeniesthemachancetopursueforknowledge.Itisthislongingforknowledgethatopensbeforemankindawideroadtointelligentandactivelife.IthasbeennotedbymanycriticsthatMilton’srevolutionaryfeelingmakeshimforgetreligiousdoctrines.TheangelswhosurroundGodneverthinkofexpressinganyopinionsoftheirown,andtheyneverseemtohaveanyopinionsoftheirown.TheimageofGodsurroundedbysuchangelsresemblesthecourtofanabsolutemonarch.ButSatanandhisfollowers,whofreelydiscussallissuesincouncil,remindusofaRepublicParliament.

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom（）.

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto（）.

问题1选项

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLost

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLost

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishruler

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliterature

问题2选项

A.anevilperson

B.arebellioushero

C.selfishandcrueldevil

D.astupiddevil

问题3选项

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.

问题4选项

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworld

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatan

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatan

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishruler

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.1.这篇文章很可能摘自______。

A.areviewofMilton’sParadiseLostA.弥尔顿的《失乐园》的书评

B.anintroductiontoMilton’sParadiseLostB.弥尔顿《失乐园》的序言

C.adepictionofthecruelnessoftheBritishrulerC.对残忍的英国统治者的描绘

D.anintroductiontoEnglishliteratureD.英国文学概论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】结合文章内容可知，本文仅用只言片语简单介绍了《失乐园》的内容，更多的是讲述弥尔顿的写作目的以及反映出来的思想感情。由此可以推测，这篇文章很有可能节选自弥尔顿《失乐园》的书评，所以A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B项“弥尔顿《失乐园》的序言”根据解题思路可知，这篇文章对《失乐园》内容的描述很少，所以不可能是序言，该项曲解原文；

C项“对残忍的英国统治者的描绘”，文中没有描述残忍的英国统治者，该项属于无中生有；

D项“英国文学概论”包含范围太广，曲解原文。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.Inthepoem,Satanisdescribedas______.2.在诗中，撒旦被描述为______。

A.anevilpersonA.一个邪恶的人

B.arebelliousheroB.一个具有反抗精神的英雄

C.selfishandcrueldevilC.自私残忍的魔鬼

D.astupiddevilD.一个愚蠢的魔鬼

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句“撒旦是迄今为止这首诗中最引人注目的人物，他奋起反抗上帝，虽然被打败了，但仍然坚持战斗”，上文提到上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者，所以可以推断撒旦是一个具有反抗精神的英雄，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】A项“一个邪恶的人”、C项“自私残忍的魔鬼”和D项“一个愚蠢的魔鬼”根据解题思路可知，这三项属于曲解原文。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthispassage?3.下面哪个选项不能从这篇文章中推断出来？

A.GodactsasthedictatoroftheKingdom.A.上帝是这个王国的独裁者。

B.SatanandhisfollowersactasmembersofParliament.B.撒旦和他的追随者充当国会议员。

C.TheangelsaredepictedasfollowersoftheKing.C.天使被描绘成国王的追随者。

D.AdamandEvearethepeopletobeenlightened.D.亚当和夏娃是应该被启蒙的人。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据最后一段的最后一句“撒旦和他的追随者们，在议会中自由地讨论所有问题，让我们想起共和议会”可知，这里只是一个比喻的用法，将撒旦和他的追随者们比喻成国会议员，但他们在这首诗中并不是真正的国会议员，所以选项B不符合原文，但符合题意。故该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“上帝是这个王国的独裁者”，根据文章第二段可知，上帝是一个残忍自私的统治者，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

C项“天使被描绘成国王的追随者”，根据第二段第一句中的“上帝不过是一个残忍自私的统治者，坐在宝座上，周围有一群天使唱歌赞美他”可知，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰；

D项“亚当和夏娃是应该被启蒙的人”，根据第三段前几句“亚当和夏娃的故事表明弥尔顿相信人的力量。上帝不给他们追求知识的机会。正是这种对知识的渴望为人类开辟了一条通往智慧和积极生活的宽阔道路。”可知，像亚当和夏娃一样的人类，应该有追求知识的机会，该项符合原文，属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Accordingtothispassage,themainpurposeofParadiseLostisto______.4.根据这篇文章，《失乐园》的主要目的是为了______。

A.praiseGodforthecreationoftheworldA.赞美上帝创造了世界

B.changepeople’sunfavorableimpressionofSatanB.改变人们对撒旦的不良印象

C.expresshissupportforthefightofSatanC.表达对与撒旦战斗的支持

D.criticizethecruelnessoftheBritishrulerD.批评英国统治者的残酷

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段倒数第二句“用弥尔顿的话来说，写史诗的目的是‘证明上帝对人类的方式是正当的’，但显然，弥尔顿在诗中表达了他对统治者残酷的强烈仇恨”，从中可知，弥尔顿在诗中表达了他对统治者残忍行为的强烈憎恨。所以可以推断，《失乐园》的主要目的是批判英国统治者的残酷无情。选项D符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

A项“赞美上帝创造了世界”，原文中描述的是一个残暴自私的上帝，所以该项不符合原文，属于反向干扰；

B项“改变人们对撒旦的不良印象”和C项“表达对与撒旦战斗的支持”在文章中虽然有依据，但是并不是文章的主要目的，属于本末倒置。

12.翻译题

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchof