考研考博-英语-大连装备制造职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-大连装备制造职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

ThestatisticsI’vecitedandthelivingexamplesarealltoofamiliartoyou.Butwhatmaynotbesofamiliarwillbetheincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarelookingactivelyforadvancementofforanewjobinyouroffices.Thiswomanmaybeequippedwithprofessionalskillsandperhapsvaluableexperience.ShewillnotbecontenttobeExecutiveAssistanttoMr.SeldomSeenoftheAssistantVicePresident’sGirlFriday,whoistheonlyonewhocomesinonSaturday.

SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.

Herforerunnerwastheradicalfeministwhointerpretedhertrappedpositionasafemaleasoppressionbythemasterclassofmen.Men,shebelieved,hadcreatedadomestic,servileroleforwomeninorderthatmencouldhavethecareerandtheopportunitytoparticipateinmakingthegreatdecisionsofsociety.Thustheradicalfeministheldthatwomenthroughhistoryhadbeenoppressedanddehumanized,mainlybecausemanchosetoexploithiswifeandthemotherofhischildren.Sometimesitwasdeliberateexploitationandsometimesitwastheinnocenceofneverlookingbeneaththepretensionsoflife.

Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.BettyFriedan,GloriaSteinem,GermaineGreer,andmanyothershammeredhometheirideaswithapersistencethatarousedandintriguedmanyofthebrightestandmostablewomeninthecountry.Consciousness-raisinggroupsallowedwomentoexploreboththeiridentitiesandtheirdreams—andthetwowereoftenfoundindirectconflict.

WhatisthestereotypedroleofAmericanwomen?Marriage.Ason.Twodaughters.Breakfast.Ironing.Lunch.Bowling,maybeagardencluboffortheverydaring,non-creditcoursesinceramics.Perhapsanoccasionalcocktailparty.Dinner.FootballorbaseballonTV.Eachdaythesame.Neveranygrowthinexpectations—unlessitisgrowthbecausethehusbandhassucceeded.Theinevitablequestion:“Isthatallthereistolife?”Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.

Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.Rememberthatformanydecadestheeducationofwomenwasnotsupposedtobeuseful.

1.Whatwasthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Whatwastheauthor’sattitudetowardtheradical?

3.Whatdoestheword“militant”mean?

4.Whatwastheradicalfeminist’sviewpointaboutthemale?

问题1选项

A.TheSecondWaveofFeminist.

B.Women’sIndependentSpirits.

C.TheUnityofWomen.

D.TheActionofUnion.

问题2选项

A.Hesupporteditwholeheartedly.

B.Heopposeditstrongly.

C.Hedisapprovedtosomeextent.

D.Heignoreditcompletely.

问题3选项

A.Aggressive.

B.Ambitions.

C.Progressive.

D.Independent.

问题4选项

A.Womenwereexploitedbythemale.

B.Womenwereindependentofthemale.

C.Women’slivesweredeprivedbythemale.

D.Themaleweretheircommonenemy.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段举了一个具体的例子，第二段指明SheisthesymbolofwhatIcalltheSecondWaveofFeminism.Sheisthemodernwomanwhoisdeterminedtobe.（她是我所说的第二次女权主义浪潮的象征。她就是现代女性的代表。），接下来全文围绕女权运动展开论述。因此A选项“第二次女权主义浪潮。”最符合文章主旨。B选项“女性的独立精神”和C选项“女性的团结”只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章主旨，所以B，C错误。D选项“工会的行动”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。

2.观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段中Therapidgrowthofmanyfeministorganizationsatteststothefactthattheseradicalfeministshadtouchedsomevitalnerves.Themagazine“Ms.”wasbornintheyearofthedeathofthemagazine“Life.”Buttoooftentheconsciousness-raisingsessionsbecameendsinthemselves.Toooftensexismreverseditselfandman-hatingwasencouraged.Manyhadbeenwiththemalechauvinist.（许多女权主义组织的迅速发展证明了这样一个事实，即这些激进的女权主义者已经触动了一些重要的神经。《女士》杂志就在《生活》杂志停刊那年诞生。可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这些活动的目的。性别歧视常常颠倒过来，鼓励憎恨男人。许多人都曾是大男子主义者。），表明了作者对激进分子有点批评、不满的态度。接下来最后一段又说到Itisnotdifficult,therefore,todetectatrendtowardmoderation.Consciousness-raisingincreasinglyisregardedasameanstoindependenceandfulfillment,ratherthanaceremonyoffulfillmentitself.Genuineindependencecanberealizedthroughcompetence,throughfindingacareer,throughtheuseofeducation.（因此，不难发现一种温和的趋势。提高觉悟越来越被认为是独立和实现的手段，而不是实现本身的仪式。真正的独立可以通过能力，通过寻找事业，通过教育来实现。），说明了作者的观点：独立是靠踏实工作，提高妇女自身的能力来实现的。因此C选项“在某种程度上不赞成。”最能说明作者对激进分子的态度。A选项“全心全意地支持”，B选项“强烈反对”，D选项“完全忽视”的说法都过于绝对，所以A，B，D错误。

3.词义推测题。由题干关键词“militant”可以定位到文章第四段第三句Thefirstphasesoffeminisminthelastfiveyearsoftentookonthismilitant,class-warfaretone.（在过去的五年里，女权主义的首要方面经常以这种激进的、阶级斗争的调子出现。），说明过去五年的女权运动斗争性很强。因此A选项“好斗的”符合题意。B选项“雄心壮志的”，C选项“进步的”，D选项“独立的”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。

4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“radicalfeminist”可以定位到第四段第一、二句Theradicalfeministsfoundstrengthinbandingtogether.Comingtorecognizeeachotherforthefirsttime,theycouldexploretheirownidentities,realizetheirownpower,andviewthemaleandhissystemasthecommonenemy.（激进的女权主义者在紧密团结中找到了力量。第一次她们认识了自己，她们可以探索自我，意识到她们的力量，把男人及其制度视为她们共同的敌人。），说明激进女权主义者对男性的看法是把他们视作共同的敌人。因此D选项“男性是她们共同的敌人。”正确。A选项“女性被男性剥削”，B选项“女性独立于男性”，C选项“女性的生活被男性剥夺”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。

2.单选题

Donorfatigueand（）ofthecountry’spovertyarenowcausingthosehopestowither.

问题1选项

A.expenditure

B.extremity

C.wreckage

D.supremacy

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure“支出”；extremity“极端”；wreckage“残骸”；supremacy“至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。

3.单选题

（

）

foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

问题1选项

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Theyarewell______witheachothersincetheyoncestudiedinthesameuniversity.

问题1选项

A.acquainted

B.recognized

C.acknowledged

D.identified

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.acquainted熟悉；了解B.recognized辨别出；意识到

C.acknowledged承认（属实）D.identified确认；认出

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据since原因状语从句的内容“因为他们曾在同一所大学学习”可推知，Theyarewell______witheachother表示的是“他们互相了解、熟悉对方”，所以空格处表示“熟悉”，而beacquaintedwith也是常见搭配，表示“与……相识；了解”，所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项不符合句意；

D项指辨别、确定人的身份或物品的归属等，不符合句意。

【句意】因为他们曾在同一所大学学习，所以彼此很熟悉。

5.单选题

Thegovernmentshouldreallypayattentiontothisproblemwhichcanbefoundeverywhereandbynomeans（）tothisregion.

问题1选项

A.single

B.individual

C.alone

D.unique

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：政府确实应该关注这个问题,这个问题在任何地方都可以发现,并且不是这个地区所独有的。选项D符合句意。

6.单选题

Thegangderivedtheirnicknamefromtheirdarkclothingandblackedupfacesfornocturnalraidsintheforest.

问题1选项

A.illegal

B.night-time

C.brutal

D.abusive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“非法的，违法的”；B选项“夜间，夜晚”；C选项“残忍的，野蛮的”；D选项“辱骂的，滥用的”；题干nocturnal“夜的，夜间的”，句意：这伙人的绰号来源于他们夜间在森林里袭击时穿的深色衣服和涂黑的脸。因此B选项最符合题意。

7.单选题

Mrs.Blackfindsthatherpianohasalwayshadthemagicpoweroftakingherawayfromthegrimrealitiesofdailylifeand（

）hertofairylandofherownonceshestartedtoplay.

问题1选项

A.transforming

B.transporting

C.transplanting

D.transcending

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。transform“改变，使……变形”；transport“运输；流放;使狂喜"；transplant“移植；移栽；使移居”；transcend“胜过，超越”。句意：布莱克太太发现只要她一弹钢琴，自己就会被这架有魔法的钢琴从现实世界带入到自己的仙境。选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

Heisverykindandhasputhiscarentirelyatour______fortheholiday.

问题1选项

A.usage

B.disposal

C.pleasure

D.position

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B选项atone’sdisposal“由某人支配，由某人做主”；C选项atone’spleasure“随心所欲”；D选项position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常热心，在假期把他的汽车______。根据语境，这里指的是把车借给我们用，B选项atone’sdisposal“由某人支配”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissatallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.

Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“lowsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Jradmitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.”Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy,”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon'tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（）.

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（）.

4.Thephrase“vocal...exponent”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

5.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

问题1选项

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease

问题2选项

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone

问题3选项

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation

问题4选项

A.eloquentdoctor

B.articulateopponent

C.loudspeaker

D.strongadvocate

问题5选项

A.Thesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thecauseofhypertensionisnowunderstood.

C.Themoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Saltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”可知：一些医生和政客认为钠的摄入量和身体健康有直接关系，并会引发多种疾病，甚至早逝。说明他们认为食盐的摄入量与某些疾病的发生息息相关，因此，C项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensalt,wasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.可知：在Dustan研究中，当摄取极低的少盐饮食或者恢复食用食盐时，血压正常的人不会有什么改变。然而，在高血压人群中，少盐饮食中一半的人确实出现血压下降，而再次恢复食盐的摄入时，血压会返回到之前的水平。因此，A项“低盐饮食可能适合某些人”表述正确。B项和D项错误。文章并没有谈及“减少食盐摄入量可能治愈高血压”，故C项错误。

3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense•”可知：医生不应该建议人们不吃盐，因此，B选项符合题意，为正确答案。

4.词汇题。根据原文倒数第二段buteventheveryvocal“lowsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Dr.admitsthat...可知：就连“低盐论”最主要的支持者，Arthur博士都承认盐的摄入量是否与髙血压有关。所以最恰当的理解应该是强烈支持者。因此，D项为正确答案。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了食盐摄入量与人体健康的关系。通过人们对于盐的恐慌引出相关话题，最后表明“除非医生告知你有与摄取盐分相关的健康问题，否则，没有理由不摄取食盐”。由此可知，食盐恐慌是不合理的，A项为正确答案。

10.单选题

Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.

问题1选项

A.itis

B.thereis

C.asis

D.whatis

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知everything为定语从句的先行词，everything后面所接部分是修饰everything的定语从句；thereis结构作“目前有的”解时，可引导限定性定语从句，置于被修饰的名词后面，作该从句主语的关系代词that常常省略。

11.单选题

Ifsheisstupid,she’s（）pleasanttolookat.

问题1选项

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。atanyrate“无论如何，至少”；bychance“偶然，意外地”；ataloss“困惑不解”；bytheway“顺便说说，顺便问一下”。句意：即使她很愚笨，至少她很好看。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Don’tbothertoarrangeameal,becausewehavejusthadlunchandabletoeatanything（

）

问题1选项

A.neitherhenorIare

B.neitherhenorIis

C.neitherInorheis

D.neitherhenorIam

【答案】D

【解析】句意:不用费心再安排一顿饭了，我们刚吃过午饭，我们都吃不下了。

语法题。考查主谓一致。neither..nor..，either...or..,notonly...butalso...都是就近原则，也就是谓语动词和最近的主语保持数或者谓语动词的一致，故排除A项和B项。英语中同时有第三人称和第一人称时,一般第一人称放后面,故选D。

13.单选题

TheAmericansocietyis（

）anexceedinglyshakyfoundationofnaturalresourceswhichisconnectedwiththepossibilityofaworseningenvironment.

问题1选项

A.establishedon

B.affiliatedto

C.originatedfrom

D.incorporatedwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。（be）establishedon“建立在……之上”。句意：美国社会是建立在一种极其不稳固的自然资源基础上的，这与可能恶化的环境有联系。结合此处语义，A选项正确。

14.单选题

ThebiggestcomputercompanyinSiliconValleyhaslaidoffhundredsofpeopleduringthelastfewyears.

问题1选项

A.declined

B.detached

C.dismissed

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.declined谢绝B.detached拆卸；分离

C.dismissed解雇D.dispersed驱散

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】划线词的主语为“硅谷最大的计算机公司”，宾语为“数百人”，原词laidoff“解雇”，原文表达某公司解雇了很多人。因此，C选项dismissed“解雇”满足前后语义衔接，且最符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项declined“谢绝”，侧重于指礼貌地拒绝接受某事（如邀请）或做某事；

B选项detached“拆卸；分离”，侧重于指使一个事物从另一个事物上分离，或者使一件事与另一件事分离；

D选项dispersed“驱散”，侧重于指让集中的人群散开。

【句意】在过去几年里硅谷最大的计算机公司解雇了数百人。

15.单选题

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheearth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport:"Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatournationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOKtokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:bythetime100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon’ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustry,isapromisingstart.Manyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

1.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat（

）.

2.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

（

）.

3.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"paralysisbyanalysis"(Line3,Paragraph4)?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoaboutglobalwarming?

5.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause（

）.

问题1选项

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense

问题2选项

A.aprotector

B.ajudge

C.acritic

D.aguide

问题3选项

A.Endlessstudieskillaction.

B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

C.Prudentplanninghindersprogress.

D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.

问题4选项

A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants

B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation

C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch

D.Takesomelegislativemeasures

问题5选项

A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence

B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer

C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer

D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第一段中smokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure可知A选项说法过于绝对；由overthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves可知与B选项不符，死亡人数很多；由LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense可知与D选项不符，胡说八道的人是支持吸烟的人；采用排除法，因此选C。

第2题:细节事实题。由文章第二段中Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture（但科学确实为我们提供了关于未来的最佳指南）可知选D。

第3题:词义题。A选项意为“没完没了研究阻碍了行动”；B选项意为“仔细的调查揭示了真相”；C选项意为“谨慎的规划阻碍了进展”；D选项意为“广泛的研究帮助决策”。由文章第四段中Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch—aclassiccaseofparalysisbyanalysis.（他们没有制定行动计划，而是继续要求进行更多的研究——典型的paralysisbyanalysis）可知A选项最符合句意。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Butresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.（但仅靠研究是不够的。如果政府不采取立法行动，国会应该帮助制定保护措施）可知选D。

第5题:推理判断题。文章第一段讲了吸烟的危害以及人们的忽视造成的后果，第三段讲了全球变暖就像之前的吸烟问题一样，没有得到人们的重视，一旦有百分之百的证据时，所造成的后果是很危险的，因此B选项“后者的教训适用于前者”符合题意。

16.单选题

Itappearedtomethattheywerenotdoinganythingforthepatient…theydidnotaskmetohelp,（）sayaword.

问题1选项

A.theydidnot

B.nordidthey

C.theydid

D.didn'tthey

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。在英语中，两个简单句之间若有逗号连接，必须要用连词或引导词。故只有B项符合题意。句意：在我看来，他们没有为病人做任何事……他们没有请我帮忙，也没有说一句话。

17.单选题

Therearecountriesinwhichunnecessarypovertyprevailsbecausethepeopleasawholeareunawareofmethodswherebyitcanberelieved.Therearevasttractsofland,abandonedor（1）cultivated,whichcouldsupportathrivingcommunityiffullusewere（2）theknowledgeandskillofscientists.Thereareinnumerablepeoplesufferingfromdiseasewhichcanbecured,andfromwhich,（3）followingsimplescientificrulesofhygiene,theyneedneveragainsuffer.Therearevaststorehousesofnaturalpower,suchasthewind,waterfallsandtheheatofthesun,whichsciencecanshowhowto（4）forthereliefofhumanhardworkandforraisingthe（5）ofliving.Thepossibilitiesareenormous.

Butthedifficultiesinthewayofeffectingachangeforthe（6）arenotlessenormousandareoftenoverlooked.Thefullbenefitsofsciencecan（7）begainedwiththecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance.Thatcooperationisregrettablyineffective（8）thepeoplealsohavesomeunderstandingofthemeansused.Asterilized(经过消毒的)bandagebringsnocuretoaninfectedwound.Farmmachinery,broken（9）andneglectedforlackofskilledmechanics,canbeasourceofruinthanofprofit.Ifthemethodsrecommendedbythescientistare（10）bythosewhohavesomeknowledgeofscience,thengreatbenefitcanfollow.Butifthatunderstandingofcooperationisinlack,thenfrustrationisaddedtopoverty.

问题1选项

A.once

B.sometimes

C.regularly

D.never

问题2选项

A.adoptedby

B.madeof

C.resultedin

D.originatedfrom

问题3选项

A.in

B.while

C.by

D.upon

问题4选项

A.harness

B.imitate

C.implement

D.propel

问题5选项

A.level

B.standard

C.condition

D.circumstance

问题6选项

A.better

B.improvement

C.advance

D.progress

问题7选项

A.only

B.also

C.even

D.never

问题8选项

A.unless

B.until

C.if

D.even

问题9选项

A.up

B.down

C.out

D.off

问题10选项

A.manipulated

B.applied

C.possessed

D.designated

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:A

第9题:B

第10题:B

【解析】第1题:考查词义辨析。A项once“曾经”，B项sometimes“有时”，C项regularly“定期地，有规律地”，D项never“从不”。根据句子Therearevasttractsofland,abandonedor（）cultivated（有大片的土地，被遗弃或……耕地）可知，or后面的部分和abandon的意思是相等并列的，空格后面是cultivated，那么前面应该填入一个表示否定的词语，只有never符合。句意：这里有大片被遗弃或从未耕种过的土地。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第2题:考查固定搭配。A项adoptedby“被……采纳/收养”，B项makeof“了解”，C项resultin“导致”，D项originatefrom“发源于”。根据句子whichcouldsupportathrivingcommunityiffullusewere（）knowledgeandskillofscientists（如果充分利用……科学家的知识和技能，就能够支持一个繁荣的社区）可知，makefulluseof固定搭配，表示“充分利用”。句意：如果充分利用科学家的知识和技能，有大片被遗弃或从未耕种过的土地可以支撑一个繁荣的社区。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第3题:考查介词辨析。A项in“在……里”，B项while“当，尽管”，C项by“通过”，D项upon“在……之上”。根据句子Thereareinnumerablepeoplesufferingfromdiseasewhichcanbecured,andfromwhich,（）followingsimplescientificrulesofhygiene,theyneedneveragainsuffer.（有无数的人患有可以治愈的疾病，而从这些疾病，……遵循简单的卫生科学规则，他们永远不需要再遭受痛苦）可知，bydoingsth.表示“通过做某事”，C项符合。句意：有数不清的人患有可以治愈的疾病，只要遵循简单的卫生科学规则，他们就再也不必遭受痛苦。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第4题:考查动词辨析。A项harness“治理，利用”，B项imitate“模仿，仿造”，C项implement“实施，执行”，D项propel“推进，驱使”。根据句子Therearevaststorehousesofnaturalpower…whichsciencecanshowhowto（）forthereliefofhumanhardwork（有很多自然力量……科学可以告诉我们如何通过……这些能源来减轻人类的辛苦）可知，只有A项符合句意。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第5题:考查固定搭配。A项level“水平”，B项standard“标准”，C项condition“条件，情况”，D项circumstance“环境，状况”。根据句子andforraisingthe（）ofliving.Thepossibilitiesareenormous（为了提高生活水平）可知，standardofliving是固定搭配，表示“生活水平”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第6题:考查固定搭配。A项better“更好”，B项improvement“提高，改善”，C项advance“发展，前进”，D项progress“进步，发展”。根据句子“Butthedifficultiesinthewayofeffectingachangeforthe（）arenotlessenormousandareoftenoverlooked”可知，changeforthebetter是固定搭配，表示“好转，改善”。句意：但要想改变现状，取得进步，困难并不小，而且常常被忽视。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第7题:考查词义辨析。A项only“仅，只有”，B项also“也”，C项even“甚至”，D项never“从未”。根据句子“Thefullbenefitsofsciencecan（）begainedwiththecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance.”可知，withthecooperationofthepeopleinneedofassistance（与需要帮助的人合作）是发挥科技的唯一条件，因此只有only符合。句意：科学的全部益处只有在需要帮助的人们的合作中才能获得。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第8题:考查条件状语从句。A项unless“除非”，B项until“直到”，C项if“如果”，D项even“甚至”。根据句子“Thatcooperationisregrettablyineffective（）thepeoplealsohavesomeunderstandingofthemeansused.”可知，这是一个条件状语从句，排除B、D选项；C选项是表示“假设的条件”，因此只有A选项符合。句意：令人遗憾的是，除非人民对所使用的手段也有一些了解，否则这种合作是无效的。因此，该题选择A项正确。

第9题:考查固定搭配。A项up“向上”，breakup表示“打碎，解散”；B项down“向下”，breakdown表示“分解，发生故障”；C项out“出现，向外”，breakout表示“爆发”；D项off“离开，脱落”，breakoff表示“折断，突然停止”。根据句子“Farmmachinery,broken（）andneglectedforlackofskilledmechanics,canbeasourceofruinthanofprofit.”，空格前面有machinery（机器），可知只有B选项符合，表示“机器故障”。句意：农业机械由于缺乏熟练的机械师而被损坏和忽视，与其说是利润的来源，还不如说是毁灭的来源。因此，该题选择B选项正确。

第10题:考查词义辨析。A项manipulate“操纵，操作”，B项apply“应用”，C项possess“拥有”，D项designate“指定，指派”。根据句子“Ifthemethodsrecommendedbythescientistare（）bythosewhohavesomeknowledgeofscience”，把四个选项分别代入，只有B项符合。句意：如果科学家推荐的方法被那些有一些科学知识的人应用。因此，该题选择B项正确。

18.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetomakewaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomeprimaryquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Wouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Wouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldprovidetheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportationimproved,firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplaceinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhileemploymentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrialtime,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregulationsstillassumethi