考研考博-英语-天津现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津现代职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhatcouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.dilemma

B.paradox

C.junction

D.premise

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemma“困境；进退两难”；paradox“悖论”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假定”。根据betweendoingwhattheyfelt…andwhatcouldstand…可知家长是在这两种做法为难，因此选项A符合题意。

2.单选题

Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas:“Thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.

问题1选项

A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。

B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。

C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。

【答案】A

【解析】本题的关键在于对引语的翻译，相比较之下，选项A翻译最为准确。

3.单选题

CollegeBoardPresidentGastonCapertontrumpetedrisingSATmathscoresandbemoaned_______verbalscoreslastweek.

问题1选项

A.motionless

B.stagnant

C.briskness

D.sluggish

【答案】B

【解析】motionless不动的,静止的;stagnant停滞的,迟钝的;briskness敏捷,活泼;sluggish行动迟缓的。句意：上周，学校董事会主席GastonCaperton鼓吹SAT数学成绩的提高，也哀叹语文成绩停滞不前。选项B符合句意。

4.单选题

Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas______asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.

问题1选项

A.fundamentally

B.comparatively

C.certainly

D.insignificantly

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项fundamentally“根本地”；B选项comparatively“相对地”；C选项certainly“无疑地”；D选项insignificantly“无关紧要地”。句意：计算机革命很可能像工业革命一样______改变社会。根据语境，这里指的是计算机革命和工业革命一样对社会的影响重大，A选项fundamentally“根本地”符合题意。题干中提到计算机革命很可能会改变社会，C选项certainly“无疑地”错误。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

PassageOne

Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenbecomemonstersbehindthewheel.Itisverywell,again,tohaveatigerinthetank,buttohaveoneinthedriver’sseatisanothermatteraltogether.Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog,therudeandinconsideratedriver,butnowadaysthewell-manneredmotorististheexceptiontotherule.Perhapsthesituationcallsfora“BeKindtoOtherDrivers”campaign,otherwiseitmaygetcompletelyoutofhand.

Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo.Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsrelievingthetensionsofmotoring.Afriendlynodorawaveofacknowledgementinresponsetoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandtolerancesonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchacknowledgementsofpolitenessarealltooraretoday.Manydriversnowadaysdon’tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.

However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Typicalexamplesarethedriverwhobrakesviolentlytoallowacartoemergefromasidestreetatsomehazardtofollowingtraffic,whenafewsecondslatertheroadwouldbeclearanyway;orthemanwhowavesachildacrossazebracrossingintothepathofoncomingvehiclesthatmaybeunabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheycareto.Italwaysamazesmethatthehighwaysarenotcoveredwiththedeadbodiesofthesegrannies.

Aveterandriverwhosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifmotoristslearnttofiltercorrectlyintotrafficstreamsoneatatimewithoutcausingthetotalblockagesthatgiverisetobadtemper.Unfortunately,modernmotoristscan’tevenlearntodrive,letalonemasterthesubtleraspectsofboatmanship.Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.

21.Accordingtothispassage,troublesontheroadareprimarilycausedby（）.

22.Thesentence“Youmighttoleratetheoddroad-hog...therule.”(Paragraph1)impliesthat（）.

23.By“goodsense”(Paragraph2),thewritermeans（）.

24.Expertshavelongpointedoutthatinthefaceofcar-ownershipexplosion,（）.

25.Inthewriter’sopinion,（）.

问题1选项

A.people’sattitudetowardstheroad-hog

B.therhythmofmodernlife

C.thebehaviorofthedriver

D.trafficconditions

问题2选项

A.oursocietyisunjusttowardswell-manneredmotorists

B.rudedriverscanbemetonlyoccasionally

C.thewell-manneredmotoristcannottoleratetheroad-hog

D.nowadaysimpolitedriversconstitutethemajorityofmotorists

问题3选项

A.thedriver’sabilitytounderstandandreactreasonably

B.thedriver’spromptresponsetodifficultandsevereconditions

C.thedriver’stoleranceofrudeorevensavagebehavior

D.thedriver’sacknowledgementofpolitenessandregulations

问题4选项

A.roadusersshouldmakemoresacrifice

B.driversshouldbereadytoyieldtoeachother

C.driversshouldhavemorecommunicationamongthemselves

D.driverswillsuffergreatlossiftheypaynorespecttoothers

问题5选项

A.stricttrafficregulationsarebadlyneeded

B.driversshouldapplyroadpolitenessproperly

C.rudedriversshouldbepunished

D.driversshouldavoidtrafficjams

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】21.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据文章第一句Itisallverywelltoblametrafficjams,thecostofpetrolandthequickpaceofmodernlite,butmannersontheroadsarebecominghorrible（我们可以责怪交通堵塞、汽油成本和现代生活的快节奏，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕）可以推断出，C选项“司机的行为”符合题意。

22.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据划线部分“你可能会容忍那些古怪的横冲直撞、粗鲁无礼的司机，但如今那些有礼貌的司机却是例外”可以推断出，有礼貌的司机不多见，因此D选项“现在不礼貌的司机占大多数”正确。

23.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据第二段第二句Ittakesthemostcool-headedandgood-temperedofdriverstoresistthetemptationtorevengewhensubjectedtouncivilizedbehavior（当遇到不文明行为时，只有头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机才能抵制报复的诱惑）可以推断出，司机的goodsense是指他们能理智地看待别人的行为并做出适当的反应，因此A选项“司机的理解能力和合理反应的能力”正确。

24.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章倒数第二句Yearsagotheexpertswarnedusthatthecar-ownershipexplosionwoulddemandalotmoregive-and-takefromallroadusers.（多年前，专家警告我们，汽车保有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者更多的互让）可知，B选项“司机们应该做好互相让道的准备”正确。

25.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butgoodsensetoo（马路礼貌不仅是一种礼貌，也是一种良好的意识）和第三段第一句However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous（然而，错误的礼貌也可能是危险的）可知，作者认为司机应文明驾驶，但又要恰当地礼让，因此B选项“司机应该适当地使用道路礼貌”正确。

6.单选题

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

问题1选项

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项disposal“处理”；B选项dissolution“分解，溶解”；C选项disposition“性情，倾向”；D选项disappearance“消失”。句意：他们必须处理的问题之一是塑料容器的处理。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

In1987,H.I.V/AIDSjoinedalistofdiseasesthatcouldkeepapersonoutoftheUnitedStates.Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.PeoplewithH.I.V.,thevirusthatcausesAIDS,couldseekanexception,butthatmeantextrawork.

Lastyear,CongressandPresidentGeorgeW.Bushbegantheprocessofendingthetravelban.NowPresidentObamaisfinishingtheprocess.

BARACKOBAMA:“Wetalkaboutreducingthestigmaofthisdisease,yetwehavetreatedavisitorlivingwithitasathreat.WeleadtheworldwhenitcomestohelpingtheAIDSpandemic,yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”

AfinalrulepublishedMondaywillendthetravelbaneffectiveJanuaryfourth.H.I.V.willnolongerbeaconditionthatcanexcludepeople.AndH.I.V.testingwillnolongerforthosewhoneedamedicalexaminationforimmigrationpurposes.AIDShaskilledmorethantwenty-fivepeoplesincetheearly1980s.

InSeptember,therewasnewsthatavaccineshowedsomeabilitytopreventH.I.V.infectioninhumansforthefirsttime.ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.TheywerealsoreportedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly“modest”results.

TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.Thestudycombinedtwovaccines,usingversionsofH.I.V.commoninThailand.Neithervaccinealonehadshownsuccessinearlierstudies.

Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo,aninactivesubstance.AllweregivencondomsandcounselingonAIDSpreventionforthreeyears.Thestudyfound31percentfewercasesofinfectioninthevaccinegroupthanintheplacebogroup.

Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.TheannouncementinSeptemberwasbasedonall16,000volunteers.Almostone-thirdofthem,howeverdidn’tfollowalltherequiredstepsinthestudy.Resultsjustfromthosewhodidweresimilartothelargergroup,buttheinfluenceofchanceiswaymoreofapossibility.

Still,theresearcherssaidthestudyproducedenoughvaluableinformationtooffernewhopesforAIDSresearch.

1.Accordingtothearticle,（）didnotwantpeoplewithH.I.V.virustoseekentrytoAmericatwentyyearsago.

2.Accordingtothisarticle,itwas（）whosponsoredthatmedicalexperimenttofindvaccineforH.I.V.carriers.

3.Fromthearticlewecaninferthat8,000volunteersin（）weregiventhevaccine.

4.Accordingtothearticle,whichoneofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

5.Accordingtothecritics,thefindingsofthetest（）.

问题1选项

A.GeorgeBush

B.Obama

C.theCongress

D.theSenate

问题2选项

A.theThaiGovernment

B.theFrenchGovernment

C.thescientistfromNewEngland

D.theUnitedStatesArmy

问题3选项

A.Thailand

B.theUnitedStatesofAmerica

C.France

D.Canada

问题4选项

A.AmericawastheonlycountrythatpreventedpeoplewithH.I.V.fromenteringthecountry.

B.OnlyafewcountriesrefusedtoissueentryvisatopeoplewithH.I.V.

C.TheconferenceheldinPariswasonAIDSprevention.

D.ThevaccinetestconductedinThailandproducedimportantresults.

问题5选项

A.hasproducedenoughvaluableinformation

B.shouldnotbetakenseriously

C.hasproducedreliablestatistics

D.haspavedasolidfoundationforfurtherresearch

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“Thegovernmentlatertriedtocancel,itsdecision,butcongressmadethetravelbanapartofimmigrationlaw.”政府后来试图取消这一规定，但国会将旅行禁令作为移民法的一部分。由此可知，选项C正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句“TheUnitedStatesArmysponsoredthevaccinetrial.”美国军方赞助了疫苗试验。由此可知，选项D正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第七段的一二句“Thairesearcherstestedthecombinationinmorethan16,000volunteers.Halfofthevolunteersgotthevaccine.Theothersgotaplacebo...”泰国研究人员对1.6万多名志愿者进行了测试。一半的志愿者接种了疫苗。另一半则使用安慰剂。由此可知选项A正确。

4.是非判断题。根据第三段最后一句“yetweareonlyadozencountriesthatstillbarpeopleH.I.V.fromenteringourcountry.”我国（美国）也是仅有的十几个禁止艾滋病人入境的国家之一。由此可知，选项A错误，选项B正确；根据第五段第二句“ThefullresultsofthevaccinestudywerepresentedinlaterOctoberataninternationalconferenceinParis.”可知，在巴黎举行的会议是公布研究结果而不是预防艾滋，所以选项C错误；根据第五段最后一句“TheresearchersconfirmedthatthestudyinThailandproducedonly'modest'results.”研究人员证实，在泰国进行的这项研究只产生了“温和”的结果，所以选项D也错误。

5.事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Butcriticssaidthefindingscouldpossiblyhaveresultedfromchance.”批评人士表示，这些发现可能是偶然的。选项B符合原文。

8.不定项选择题

PresidentArlinghasputhislong-awaitedeconomicrestructuringprogrambeforetheCongress.Itprovidesacoordinatedprogramofinvestmentcredits,researchgrants,educationalreforms,andtaxchangesdesignedtomakeAmericanindustrymorecompetitive.Thisisnecessarytoreversetheeconomicslideintounemployment,lackofgrowth,andtradedeficitsthathaveplaguedtheeconomyforthepastsixyears.ThemostliberalwingofthePresident’spartyhascalledforstrongerandmoredirectaction.TheywantanincomespolicytocheckinflationwhileFederalfinancinghelpsrebuildindustrybehindawallofprotectivetariffs.TheRepublicans,however,decryeventhemodest,graduatedtaxincreasesinthePresident’sprogram.

Theywanttaxcutsandamoreopenmarket.TheysayifFederalmoneyhastobeinjectedintotheeconomy,letitthroughdefencespending.

Boththesealternativesignoretheuniquenatureoftheeconomicproblembeforeus.Itisnotsimplyamatterofmarketsorfinancing.Thenewtechnologyallowsvastlyincreasedproductionforthoseabletomasterit.

Butitalsothreatensthosewhofailtoadoptitwithpermanentsecond-classcitizenshipintheworldeconomy.Ifanindustrycannotleveritselfuptotheleadingstageoftechnologicaladvances,thenitwillnotbeabletocompeteeffectively.Ifitcannotdothis,noamountofgovernmentprotectionismoraccesstoforeignmarketscankeepitprofitableforlong.

Withouttheprofitsandexperienceoftechnologicalexcellencetoreinvest,thatindustrycanonlyfallstillfurtherbehinditsforeigncompetitors.

SothecruxisthetechnologyandthatiswherethePresident’sprogramfocused.Thedangerisnotthataplanwillnotbepassed,itisthattheideologuesofrightandleftwilldistortthebillwithamendmentsthatwillbluritsfocusontechnology.Theeconomicrestructuringplanshouldbepassedintact.

Ifwefailtorestructureoureconomynow,wemaynotgetasecondchance.

1.ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison_____.

2.WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?

3.Whatistheeditor’sattitude?

4.Thedangertotheplanliesin_______.

5.Thepassageis______.

问题1选项

A.investment

B.economy

C.technology

D.tax

问题2选项

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.

问题3选项

A.Support.

B.Distaste.

C.Disapproval.

D.Compromise.

问题4选项

A.thetwoparties’objection

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplan

C.itspassage

D.distortion

问题5选项

A.areview

B.apreface

C.anadvertisement

D.aneditorial

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

ThefocusofthePresident’sprogramison____.总统项目的重点是____。

A.investmentA.投资

B.economyB.经济

C.technologyC.技术

D.taxD.税收

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息focusofthePresident’sprogram可定位到倒数第二段第一句，该处讲到“所以关键是技术（thecruxisthetechnology），这也是总统项目的重点所在”因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“投资”，是总统计划中涉及到的部分但并不是关键，属于本末倒置；

B选项“经济”，范围太广，太笼统，属于本末倒置；

D选项“税收”，是总统计划中的一部分但也不是关键，属于本末倒置。

2.【选项释义】

WhatistherequirementofthemostliberalwingoftheDemocratic-party?民主党中最自由派的要求是什么？

A.Theywantamoredirectaction.A.他们想要一个更直接的行动。

B.Theywantanincomespolicytocheckinflation.B.他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀。

C.Theywanttorebuildindustry.C.他们想重建工业。

D.Theywantawallofprotectivetariffs.D.他们想要保护性关税壁垒。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到Para.1第四句，该处讲到“总统政党中最自由的一派呼吁采取更有力、更直接的行动（strongerandmoredirectaction）”。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“他们想要一个收入政策来遏制通货膨胀”，属于行动中的一部分，该选项以偏概全；

C选项“他们想重建工业”，属于行动中一部分，该选项以偏概全；

D选项“他们想要保护性关税壁垒”也是该行动中的一部分，以偏概全。

3.【选项释义】

Whatistheeditor’sattitude?编者的态度是什么？

A.Support.A.支持。

B.Distaste.B.厌恶。

C.Disapproval.C.反对。

D.Compromise.D.妥协。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】文中作者在Para.4第二句中说到“如果一个行业不能把自己提升到技术进步的领先阶段，那么它就不能有效地竞争”。也就是说作者赞同新计划，发展新技术。同时他还强调了新技术在未来发展的作用。作者在最后一段又提到“如果我们现在不能重组我们的经济，我们可能不会有第二次机会。”，综合理解可以推测出作者的态度是支持的。因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“厌恶”、C选项“反对”、D选项“妥协”不符合原文作者的观点，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

Thedangertotheplanliesin____.这个计划的危险在于____。

A.thetwoparties’objectionA.双方的反对意见

B.differentideaofthetwopartiesabouttheplanB.双方对这个计划有不同的看法

C.itspassageC.它的通过

D.distortionD.扭曲；曲解

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息dangertotheplan可定位到倒数第二段第二句，该处讲到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过，而在于左右翼的理论家将通过修正案歪曲该法案（distortthebillwithamendments），从而模糊其对技术的关注。”。比对选项，D选项恰好是此信息的同义转换，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“双方的反对意见”，属于无中生有；

B选项“双方对这个计划有不同的看法”，属于无中生有；

C选项“它的通过”，通过解题思路可知文中明确提到“危险（Thedanger）不在于一项计划无法通过”，为反向干扰。

5.【选项释义】

Thepassageis____.这篇文章是____。

A.areview

A.一篇回顾

B.aprefaceB.一篇前言

C.anadvertisementC.一则广告

D.aneditorialD.一篇社论

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据文章内容可知，该文章是作者对美国经济计划的客观描述。这是对大事件的报道。editorial表示报纸上的一篇重要文章，表达编辑对某条新闻或某一问题的看法，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“一篇回顾”，指回想过去发生的事情。而该文章描述的是一个经济计划，因此属于无中生有；

B选项“一篇前言”，指写在书或者文章前的序言或导言，该篇文章是一个陈述并非引导，属于无中生有；

C选项“一则广告”，广告应该要宣传什么，不符合文章内容，属于无中生有。

9.单选题

Sofar,thepolicecanonly（）onthepossiblemotivesforthekilling.

问题1选项

A.conceive

B.speculate

C.assume

D.imagine

【答案】B

【解析】conceive"构思,设想";speculate"推测";assume"假定;承担";imagine"想象,猜想"。句意：到目前为止,警方只能推测可能的杀人动机。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ithelpsemployeestoreducetheirstress.

B.Itpreventsemployeesfromfeelingbored.

C.Itstrengthensharmonyamongemployees.

D.Ithelpsemployeestoviewthingspositively.

问题2选项

A.Weekendsareconducivetoreducingstress.

B.Humorisvitaltointerpersonalrelationships.

C.Allworkersexperiencesomeemotionalstress.

D.Humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutinetasks.11.

问题3选项

A.Smashthetoystoreleasetheirbottled-upresentments.

B.Takethebossdollapartaslongastheyreassembleit.

C.Designandinstallstress-reducinggadgets.

D.Strikeatthebossdollashardastheylike.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

【解析】PassageOne

“Toomanypeopleviewtheirjobsasafive-dayprisonwhichtheyareparoledeveryFriday,”saysJoelGoodman,founderoftheHumorProject,ahumorconsultinggroupinSaratogaSprings,NewYork.Humorunlockstheofficeprisonbecauseitletsadultsbringsomeoftheirchildlikespirittothejob.

AccordingtoHowardPollio,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville,anofficewithhumorbreaksisanofficewithsatisfiedandproductiveemployees.[10]Pollioconductedastudythatprovedhumorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks.Employeesperformbetterwhentheyhavefun.Inlargecorporationswithahierarchyofpower,thereisoftennooutletforstress.“Everycompanyneedsundergroundwaysofpokingfunattheorganization,”saysLynnM.Mark,aspeakeronworkplacehumorforSaintMary’sHealthCenterinSaintLouis.

Kodak’sRochester,NewYorkbranchdiscoveredawayforits20,000employeestouncorktheirbottled-upresentments.[9]Their1,000-square-foothumorroomfeaturesatoystore.Amongtheroom’smanystress-reducinggadgets,themainattractionisabossdollwithdetachablearmsandlegs.[11]Employeescantakethedollapartaslongastheyputitsarmsandlegsbackinplace.

SandyCohen,ownerofagraphicprintproductionbusiness,createdthequoteboardtodocumentthebizarrephrasespeoplesaywhenunderstrictdeadlines.“Whenyou’reunderstress,yousaystupidthings,”saysCohen.Nowwejustlookateachotherandsay“That’soneforthequoteboard”.

9.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouthumorintheworkplace?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于职场中的幽默，这篇短文说了什么？录音提到了职场幽默的例子，其中一个是柯达纽约罗彻斯特分公司的humorroom“幽默房间”，该房间里有很多让人减轻压力的物件（stress-reducinggadgets），其中之一是可拆卸的“老板玩偶”。由此可知，职场的幽默可以让人减轻压力，A选项“它能帮助员工减轻压力”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“它让员工不再无聊”；C选项“它使员工之间的关系更和谐”和D选项“它帮助员工积极地看待事物”在录音中均没有信息提及，所以可排除。

10.WhatdoesthestudybyHowardPollioshow?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问HowardPollio的研究表明了什么？录音提到HowardPollio的研究证明了幽默能帮助员工出色地完成日常的工作任务（humorcanhelpworkersexcelatroutineproductiontasks），D选项“幽默可以帮助员工在日常工作中表现出色”是录音原文的复现，因此正确。A选项“周末有助于减轻压力”和B选项“幽默对人际关系极其重要”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“所有的员工均遭受情绪压力”，这并不是HowardPollio的研究结论，因此可排除。

11.WhatcanKodak’semployeesdointhehumorroom?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问柯达的员工在“幽默房间”可以做什么事？录音提到了humorroom中有可拆卸的“老板玩偶”，员工可以把“老板玩偶”拆掉，不过拆后得把玩偶的手和脚拼回去。B选项中的reassembleit“重新组装”对应录音的putitsarmsandlegsbackinplace，因此B选项“把‘老板玩偶’拆掉，拆后再重新组装”正确。A选项“把玩具砸碎以发泄满腔怨恨”和D选项“狠狠地揍‘老板玩偶’，多狠都可以”表述过于绝对，忽略了“拆后重新组装”这个条件，因此不正确；C选项“设计、安装减轻压力的物件”在录音中没有提及，因此可排除。

11.单选题

Itisacuriousparadoxthatwethinkofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”，thesocialsciencesas“soft”,andthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Thisisinterpretedtomeanthatourknowledgeofphysicalsystemismorecertainthanourknowledgeofbiologicalsystems,andtheseinturnaremorecertainthanourknowledgeofsocialsystems.Intermsofourcapacityofsampletherelevantuniverses,however,andtheprobabilitythatourimagesoftheseuniversesareatleastapproximatelycorrect,onesuspectsthatareverseorderismorereasonable.

Weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated.Ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries.Eventhefolkknowledgeinsocialsystemsonwhichordinarylifeisbasedinearning,spending,organizing,marrying,takingpartinpoliticalactivities,fightingandsoon,isnotverydissimilarfromthemoresophisticatedimagesofthesocialsystemderivedfromthesocialsciences,eventhoughitisbuiltupontheveryimperfectsamplesofpersonalexperience.Incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout.Ifwedefinethe“security”ofourimageofvariouspartsofthetotalsystemastheprobabilityoftheirsufferingsignificantchanges,thenwewouldreversetheorderforhardnessandasthemostsecure,thephysicalsciencesastheleastsecure,andagainthebiologicalsciencesassomewhereinbetween.Ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems.Recordsoftheastronomicaluniverse,despitethefactthatwelearntthingsastheywerelongage,arelimitedintheextreme.

Eveninregardtosuchacloseneighborasthemoon,whichwehaveactuallyvisited,theoriesaboutitsoriginandhistoryareextremelydifferent,contradictory,andhardtochooseamong.Ourknowledgeofphysicalevolutionisincompleteandinsecure.

1.Theword“paradox”(Line1,Para.1)means“（

）”

2.Accordingtotheauthor,weshouldreverseourclassificationofthephysicalsciencesas“hard”andthesocialsciencesas“soft”because（

）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatourknowledgeofsocialsystemsismoresecurethanthatofphysicalsystemsbecause（

）

4.Thechancesofthephysicalsciencesbeingsubjecttogreatchangesarethebiggest

because（

）

.

5.Weknowlessabouttheastronomicaluniversethanwedoaboutanysocialsystem

because（

）

.

问题1选项

A.implication

B.contradiction

C.interpretation

D.confusion

问题2选项

A.areverseorderingwillhelppromotethedevelopmentofthephysicalsciences.

B.ourknowledgeofphysicalsystemsismorereliablethanthatofsocialsystems.

C.ourunderstandingofthesocialsystemsisapproximatelycorrect.

D.wearebetterabletoinvestigatesocialphenomenathanphysicalphenomena.

问题3选项

A.itisnotbasedonpersonalexperience.

B.newdiscoveriesarelesslikelytooccurinsocialsciences.

C.itisbasedonafairlyrepresentativequantityofdata.

D.therecordsofsocialsystemsaremorereliable.

问题4选项

A.contradictorytheorieskeepemergingallthetime.

B.newinformationisconstantlycomingin.

C.thedirectionoftheirdevelopmentisdifficulttopredict.

D.ourknowledgeofthephysicalworldisinaccurate.

问题5选项

A.theoriesofitsoriginandhistoryarevaried.

B.ourknowledgeofitishighlyinsecure.

C.onlyaverysmallsampleofithasbeenobserved.

D.fewscientistsareinvolvedinthestudyofastronomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.paradox“矛盾，悖论”。implication“含义”；contradiction“矛盾，否认”；interpretation“解释”；confusion“混淆”。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第二段第一句话weareabletosampleearth’ssocialsystemswithsomedegreeofconfidencethatwehaveareasonablesampleofthetotaluniversebeinginvestigated提到我们能够在调查地球的社会体系时自信地认为我们有整个领域作为合理的样本供研究；该段倒数第二句话ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。从这两句话可知，研究社会知识的样本比研究天文知识的样本要大并且实际，所以我们能更好地去研究社会现象，选项D符合题意。

3.文章第二段第二句ourknowledgeofsocialsystems,therefore,whileitisinmanywaysextremelyinaccurate,isnotlikelytobeseriouslyoverturnedbynewdiscoveries提到在社会体系中，它不太可能被新的发现严重颠覆。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段incontrast,ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverse,orevenifearth’sgeologicalhistory,caneasilybesubjecttorevolutionarychangesasnewdatacomeinandnewtheoriesareworkedout提到我们对于天文宇宙或者地球的地理历史的概念，当新的数据和理论进入时都很容易遭受革命性的变化，选项B符合题意。

5.文章第二段ourimageoftheastronomicaluniverseistheleastsecureofallsimplybecauseweobservesuchafantasticallysmallsampleofitanditsrecord-keepingistrivialrecordsofbiologicalsystems提到我们对于天文领域的研究是最不靠谱的，因为我们观察的是一个不切实际的小样本。选项C符合题意。

12.翻译题

Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname，topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.

Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren（ormales）isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.

Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,in.theliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.

【答案】在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代，光宗耀祖，讨好祖辈;使包括家庭在内的宗教仪式正常运作。这样的理由在现代世俗化的社会中可能显得苍白无力，但在其他地方，它们曾经是而且确实是强有力的。

此外，有一类家庭原因,即为了维持或改善婚姻而生孩子,与下列原因有共同的边界。比如生孩子是为了稳住丈夫或占有妻子;修复或恢复婚姻活力;增加孩子的数量是基于家庭幸福就在于此的假设。相反的情况更强调了这一点:在一些社会中，不能生育子女（或男性）是对婚姻的一种威胁，也是离婚的一个现成理由。

除此之外，儿童对家庭本身也具有深远的意义。对许多人来说，夫妻二人并不是一个合适的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富这个小圈子，来确认这个小圈子的家庭性质，来获得后代的救赎性影响。儿童需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要儿童，家庭作为一个独特的可用的社会机构，至少在原则上，可以在一个变化中，往往是敌对的世界中获得安全、舒适、保证和方向。对大多数人来说，这样的一个大本营，从字面意义上讲，需要不止一个人来维持和延续。

13.单选题

Theotherdayanacquaintanceofmine,agregariousandcharmingman,toldmehehadfoundhimselfunexpectedly