考研考博-英语-南开大学滨海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南开大学滨海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

FirstlaunchedinAprilthisyear,NetMySingaporealsoincludeseffortsthat（

）training,development,andtheexplorationofnewtechnologiesbasedon.

问题1选项

A.obliterate

B.sequester

C.encompass

D.terminate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。obliterate“消灭，清除”；sequester“使隔绝”；encompass“包含，涉及”；terminate“使终止”。句意：于今年四月开始的“净化我的新加坡”运动还包括一系列的培训、发展和与之相关的新技术的开发。选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

Thepercentageofimmigrants(includingthoseunlawfullypresent)intheUnitedStateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortofnewcomers.Theirloudestcitesarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefourthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated，substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

36.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

37.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

38.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

39.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

40.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis（）.

问题1选项

A.Theywereofinferiorraces.

B.TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C.Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D.Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

问题2选项

A.TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B.Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C.Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D.Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

问题3选项

A.Theymayslowimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B.Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C.TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D.Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

问题4选项

A.Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B.UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C.Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D.TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

问题5选项

A.howtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B.howtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C.howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingthecorder

D.howtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:36.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.”，可知他们不会回到国会公开担心劣等种族污染美国血统的时代。可判断出美国国会早期是将移民看待为一种劣等种族。选项A符合题意。

37.作者态度题。根据文章第三段，“Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.”，可知随着时间的推移，意大利人、罗马尼亚人和其他所谓劣等种族的成员成为了美国人的楷模，他们为建设这个伟大的国家做出了巨大的贡献。这些新移民也能够取得同样的成功。可判断出作者认为新的移民者可以做得和他们的前辈一样好。选项B符合题意。

38.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks——thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemiredinaseeminglystateofpovertyandunderachievement.”，可知Tells担心墨西哥裔美国人可能注定要步美国黑人的后尘，大部分人可能会陷入贫穷和不好的境地。可判断出Tells认为他们可能永远贫穷，没有成就。选项D符合题意。

39.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.”，可知我们还应该问一些更广泛的问题，关于同化，关于如何确保人们作为外来者不会永远被边缘化。可判断出我们要帮助新的移民者就是要防止他们被边缘化。选项C符合题意。

40.作者态度题。根据文章最后一段，“Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.”，可知这是一个比非法移民问题更大的问题，也比如何最好地保卫国土问题更大。这个问题不仅影响新移民，也影响已经在这里生活了的几代人。结合文章内容，可知这个问题就是如何帮助移民更好地融入美国社会。选项B符合题意。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

3.单选题

Everyoneexperiencesfearduringmajorcrisis—suchasfires,automobileaccidents,etc.Somepeopleevenfeelverynervouswhentheyflyinairplanes.Nomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotlowertheiranxiety.Someofthemenjoytalkingabouttheirfearswhileothersresentbeingaskedtodiscusstheirpersonalfeelings.Manyareawarethattheyfeelanxiousbutonlyafewareconsciousofthewaytheyexpresstheirtension.Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.

Anumberoffactorscanbementionedasimportantinexplainingwhysomepeoplehaveafearofflying:earlychildhoodexperiences,generalsenseofsecurity,fearofheights,trustinothers,percentageofalcoholinblood,etc.Thememoryofabadexperiencecansometimestriggerthesamefearcausedbythatexperience.Thus,achildmightbefrightenedbythesightofadogeventhoughheissafe,merelybecauseheoncehadabadexperiencewithadog.Abadexperiencecanbethecuethattriggersourfears.Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.

Usuallyweareabletosuppressourfeelingssothattheydonotaffectourbehavior.Butsometimesthetensionproducedbyourfearsissogreatthatwecannotsuppressit.Atsuchtimeweneedtodischargethetensionbylaughingorcrying.Bysmilingfoolishlyandtalkingloudly,weareabletorepresstherisingfeelingoffearsothatitdoesnotaffectthewaywebehave.

Becauseitisnecessarytorecognizeaproblembeforeitcanbesolved,admittingthatweareafraidisanintegralpartoftheprocessofmasteringourfears.

1.Tomakesomeonethebuttofjokesmeans（）.

2.Whatisthepositivepurposeofpeople’stellingjokes?

3.Tomasteranxietymeans（）

4.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantfactortriggeringthefeelingfear?

5.Accordingtotheconcludingparagraph,whatisessentialtogothroughtheprocessofmasteringone’sfears?

问题1选项

A.tomakesomeonebecometheobjectofjokes

B.toforcesomeonetoenjoyjokes

C.toentitlesomeonetotelljokes

D.tooffendsomeonebyjokes

问题2选项

A.Toshowone’ssenseofhumor.

B.Tocontrolone’sownfears.

C.Todisguisetheiranxiety.

D.Toattackothers.

问题3选项

A.tobefamiliarwithtension

B.toholdbackthefeelingofuneasiness

C.toconquerthefeelingofnervousness

D.tobegoodatthesubjectofanxiety

问题4选项

A.Thefearofheights.

B.Earlychildhoodexperience.

C.Thegeneralsenseofsecurity.

D.Afeelingofnocontrol.

问题5选项

A.Tobeconsciousofthewayofmasteringfears.

B.Torepresstherisingfeelingoffear.

C.Toadmitthefeelingoffears.

D.Tocontrolone’sfeelings.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Somepeopletrytohidetheirnervousness:theytrytodisguisetheiranxietybytellingjokes.Othersbecomeloudandaggressive,attackingpeoplebymakingthemthebuttofcrueljokes.”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以thebuttofjokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。

2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧——控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimesmakingsomeoneelsethetargetofjokesisanattempttocontrolone’sownfears—tomasteranxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Butthecrucialfactorseemstobeafeelingofnocontrol.”可知选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。

4.单选题

Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally（

）.

问题1选项

A.deteriorated

B.dissipated

C.dispersed

D.drained

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate“恶化”；dissipate“浪费”；disperse“分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Theyhavelaunchedacampaigntogetonlineticketingcompaniesto（）addedcoststocustomerswhenbuyingtickets.

问题1选项

A.clarify

B.identify

C.justify

D.magnify

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项clarify表示“澄清，阐明”；B选项identify表示“确定，鉴定，识别”；C选项justify表示“证明合法，替……辩护”；D选项magnify表示“方大，赞美，夸大”。

由句意可知，购票者可以在网上购票平台确定附加费。因此本题正确答案为B选项。

6.单选题

（）,thebookhasmanymistakes.

问题1选项

A.Havingnotbeenwrittencarefully

B.Notwritingcarefully

C.Havingwrittennotcarefully

D.Nothavingbeenwrittencarefully

【答案】D

【解析】考查现在完成时的否定使用。非谓语动词的否定式通常是就在非谓语动词之前加not或never，由此可以排除A，C选项。句意：这本书写得不细心，有很多错误。在发现有很多错误的时候书已经完成了，所以需要使用完成时态，而书本的编撰是由人完成的，需要使用被动语态。因此D选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Amongthemanywaysinwhichpeoplecommunicatethroughspeech,publicspeakinghasprobablyreceivedmorestudyandattractedmoreattentionthananyother.Politicianscampaigningforpublicoffice，salespeoplepresentingproducts,andpreachersdeliveringsermonsalldependuponthisformofpubliccommunication.Evenpeoplewhodonotmakespeakingapartoftheirdailyworkareoftenaskedtomakepublicspeeches:studentsatgraduation,forinstance,ormembersofchurches,clubs,orotherorganizations.Nearlyeveryonespeaksinpublicatsometimeorother,andthosewhoperformthetaskwelloftenbecomeleaders.

Therearemanyreasonsforspeakinginpublic.Apublicspeakermayhopetoteachanaudienceaboutnewideas,forexample,orprovideinformationaboutsometopic.Creatingagoodfeelingorentertaininganaudiencemaybeanotherpurpose.Publicspeakers,however,mostoftenseektopersuadeanaudiencetoadoptnewopinions,totakecertainactions，ortoseetheworldinanewway.

Publicspeakersusuallyknowwellinadvancewhentheyarescheduledtomakeanaddress.

Consequentlytheyareabletopreparetheirmessagebeforetheydeliverit.Sometimes,though,speakersmustdeliverthemessageunprepared,oroffthecuff,suchaswhentheyareaskedtoofferatoastataweddingreceptionortoparticipateinateleviseddebateorinterview.

Whentheydonothavetospeakunpreparedly,mostspeakerswritetheirownspeeches.

Politiciansandbusinessexecutivessometimesemployprofessionalwriterswhopreparetheirforthem.Theseprofessionalwritersmayworkaloneorinsmallteams.Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.

1.Publicspeakingiswellknowntotheaveragepeoplebecause（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisrarelythepurposeofpublicspeaking?

3.Inparagraph4,theexpression“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”means（）.

4.Oftenthespeechpreparedbyaprofessionalwriterforaboss（）.

5.Nomatterwhowritesaspeech,theaudience（）.

问题1选项

A.mostofthemhavebeentrainedaspublicspeakers

B.mostofthemhavebeenaudienceofsuchactivities

C.mostofthemhavetodoitwhentheystudyatcollege

D.Thepassagedoesnotmentionthereason

问题2选项

A.Toinfluencepeople'sideasandbehavior.

B.Toenjoythesatisfactionfromone'sownspeech.

C.Topersuadetheaudiencetoacceptanidea.

D.Topromotepublicinterest.

问题3选项

A.speakatalargereception

B.speakontelevision

C.speakaccordingtotheschedule

D.speakwithoutpreparation

问题4选项

A.isveryprofessionalandtactful

B.expressesthewriter’sideaofthematter

C.expressestheboss’sideaofthematter

D.expressestheideasofboth

问题5选项

A.believeitexpressedthespeaker'sidea

B.knowverywellwhothespeakeris

C.knowwhoseideathespeechreallyexpresses

D.donotbelievewhatthespeakersays

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知，政治家竞选，销售员推销，传教士传道都是发布公众演讲，甚至是不经常演讲的人，比如刚毕业的学生，教会俱乐部或其他机构成员也都做过公众演讲。几乎每个人都或多或少会在公共场合发言，而那些表现出色的人往往会成为领导者。由此可知，公众演讲是普通人所熟知的是因为大多数人都是公众演讲的观众。选项B符合原文。

2.根据第二段的内容可知，公众演讲的目的有很多，比如向听众传授新思想，或提供有关某个主题的信息；创造一种良好的感觉或娱乐观众；试图说服观众接受新观点,采取某些行动,或者以一种新的方式看世界。总之都是为了公众利益，而选项B从自己的演讲中获得满足，在文中没有提及。

3.根据原文句子可知，“offthecuff”和or前面的“unprepared”应该表并列的关系，所以“deliverthemessageoffthecuff”指毫无准备的演讲，选项D正确。

4.根据最后一段的第三句“Althoughthespeakermayhavesomeinputintothecontentsofthespeech,thewriterssometimeshaveagreatinfluenceovertheopinionsexpressedbytheiremployers.”虽然演讲者表述了演讲所需的内容，但是写稿人有时会对他们雇主所要表达的观点产生很大的影响。所以选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的最后一句“Regardlessofhowaspeechisprepared,thepersonwhodeliversitisgivencreditforitseffectuponitshearers.”无论演讲稿是如何准备的，观众都会认为它传达的是演讲者的思想和心声。选项A符合原文。

8.单选题

Theremainingthreequartersofthepopulationwillincurmedicalbillsthatarelessthanwhattheypayforhealthinsurance.

问题1选项

A.receive

B.suffer

C.keep

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。incur在句中是“承受”，A选项receive“接受”；B选项suffer“遭受”；C选项keep“保持”；D选项make“制造，制作”。句意：剩下四分之三的人将遭受医疗费用比他们所交的医疗保险还要低的境遇。因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter“奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。

10.翻译题

一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。

【答案】In1978,ourPartyconvenedthethirdPlenarySessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeoftheCPCwithgreathistoricalsignificance,openinganewhistoricalperiodofreformandopeningup.Sincethen,theChineseCommunistsandtheChinesepeople,withtheirindomitablespiritofenterpriseandgreatinnovationandpractice,havewrittenanewepicofperseveranceandfortitudefortheChinesenation.HistoricchangeshavetakenplaceinthefaceoftheChinesepeople,socialistChinaandtheCommunistPartyofChina.ReformandopeningupisagreatnewrevolutionthatthePartyisleadingthepeopletocarryoutinthenewera.Itspurposeistoliberateanddeveloptheproductiveforces,modernizethecountry,enrichtheChinesepeopleandrevitalizethegreatChinesenation.

11.单选题

Ifeelthathissubjectgainsalotfromtheattractive（

）ofthematter.

问题1选项

A.presentation

B.preparation

C.preference

D.potential

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。presentation“展示，陈述”；preparation“预备，准备”；preference“偏爱，倾向，优先权”；potential“潜能，可能性”。

句意：我觉得他的话题从他对问题吸引人的陈述方式中获益很多。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Thereisnotthewomanbornwhodesirestoeatthebreadofdependence,nomatter(

)fromthehandoffather,husband,orbrother;foranyonewhodoessoeatherbreadplacesherselfinthepoweroftheperson（）shetakesit.

问题1选项

A.whethertheybefromwhich

B.whetheritbe...fromwhom

C.wouldtheybefromwhom

D.woulditbe…fromwhich

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法结构。句意：世上没有生来就想靠别人吃饭的女人，无论是靠父亲、丈夫还是兄弟；因为任何一个人这样做的话，就是将自己置于施舍之人的权利之下。根据句意可知，第一空主要是需要明确from的主语应该是“thebread”，所以应该用单数形式的it来指代，由此可排除选项A和选项C；其次第二空的先行词是theperson，关系代词应该用whom，所以选项B正确。

13.单选题

Henevertellsanybodyabouthisplans;hekeepshisown（

）.

问题1选项

A.idea

B.opinion

C.counsel

D.secret

【答案】C

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。idea“想法，主意，概念”；opinion“观点”；counsel“建议；劝告”；secret“秘密”。keepone'sowncounsel"将自己意见（或计划）保密，不暴露自己的意图"。句意：他从没告诉过别人他的计划，他只听从自己的想法。选项C符合题意。

14.单选题

Hebelievesthatit’swrongthatsomepeopleshouldenjoywealth,privilege,influenceandpowersolely（）anaccidentofbirth.

问题1选项

A.onthegroundof

B.forthesakeof

C.inviewof

D.byvirtueof

【答案】D

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。onthegroundof“以……为理由，因为”；forthesakeof“为了……的利益”；inviewof“鉴于，考虑到”；byvirtueof“由于，凭借”。句意：他认为有些人一出生就可以享受财富、特权和权势的观点是错误的。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

（）,Shakespearewasalsoaprolificwriterofsonnets.

问题1选项

A.Notingforhisplays

B.Notesofhisplays,

C.Famousplays

D.Notedforhisplays

【答案】D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。

16.翻译题

NoEnglishmanbelievesinworkingfrombooklearning.Hesuspectsalltheories,philosophicalorother.Hesuspectseverythingnew,anddislikesit,unlesshecanbecompelledbytheforceofcircumstancestoseethatthisnewthinghasadvantagesovertheold.Race-experienceiswhatheinvariablydependsupon,wheneverhecan,whetherinIndia,inEgypt,orinAustralia.Hisstatesmendonotconsulthistoricalprecedentsinordertodecidewhattodo:theyfirstlearnthefactsastheyare;thentheydependupontheirowncommonsense,notatallupontheiruniversitylearningoruponphilosophicaltheories.AndinthecaseoftheEnglishnation,itmustbeacknowledgedthatthisinstinctivemethodhasbeeneminentlysuccessful.

【答案】

没有一个英国人相信从书本能学会工作。他们怀疑一切理论，不管是哲学理论还是其他的。他们是对一切新鲜事物持怀疑态度，并深恶痛绝，除非迫于形势，他们才认识到新的事物确比旧的事物更有优势。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亚，只要可能，他们总是依靠他们自己的种族经验。为了做出决策，英国的政治家们并不参阅历史的先例，而是首先如实的弄清楚事实的真相；然后依靠自己的常识，而不是他们的大学学习或哲学理论。就英国民族而论，必须承认这种本能的处事方法一向是成功的。

17.单选题

Whenthepressreleasearrivedinourinboxes,weknewwhatwouldhappennext.ANobellaureatehadstatedthatantioxidantsupplements“mayhavecausedmorecancersthantheyhaveprevented.”

Eventhemostfad-friendlysectionsoftheUKmediawereboundtocoverthestory.

Inreality,ProfessorJamesWatsonwasonlyrestatingwhatweatCancerResearchUKhavebeenpointingoutforyears.Largestudieshaverepeatedlyshownthat,withthepossibleexceptionofvitaminD,antioxidantsupplementshavenegligiblepositiveeffectonhealthypeople,atleastintermsofimportantthingssuchaspreventingpeoplegettingcancerordyingprematurely.Andsomesupplements—notablyvitaminsA,Eandbeta-carotene—evenseemtoslightlyraisetheriskofdiseaseandearlydeath.

It’satopicweatCancerResearchUKcomebacktoagainandagainonourscienceblogandonoursocialmediapages.Buthugeswatchesofthepublicremainconvincedthat“antioxidant”isabywordfor“healthy.”

What’ssointerestingabouttheantioxidantmythisitswiderculturalandsocialdimension.Whyisthisperceptionsohardtoshift?Andisthereanythingwecandoaboutit?

Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.Thisisn’tforwantofregulation,andtheAdvertisingStandardsAuthorityhaverepeatedlyupheldcomplaintsaboutadvertsthatmakeunsupportedclaimsaboutantioxidants’benefits.

Butthemuchweakerclaimthataproductmerely“containshighlevelsofantioxidants”leaveshealthclaimsimplicit,andkeepsregulatorsatbay.Abrandof“super-broccoli”—launchedwithmuchapublicspectacleinlate2011—wasbredtocontainhighlevelsofachemicalthatultimately,accordingtotheproduct’swebsite,“boostsourbody’sAntioxidantEnzymelevels.”Sogoodit’scapitalized.

Sotherelentlessdrip-dripofhealthproductadvertising—particularlyagainstabackgroundofcontinualreportsofBritain’sill-health—makesourtrenchantholdontheantioxidantsmythallthemoreunderstandable.Weneedthisstuff,we’retold.

Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.Theactual,proventhingsthatcanreduceourrisksofcancer,heartdisease,diabetes—andalltheotherchronicnastiesthatcomewithanageingpopulation—aresomewhatmoreuninteresting.Don’tsmoke.Stayinshape.Eatabalanceddiet.Limitalcoholintake.Keepactive.Thisishardwork.

Andastheresolution-fillednewyearkicksin,theexcitingprospectofahealthierlifeisreplacedbytherealizationthatbeinghealthyisalong-termproject.Poppingapillinsteadofgoingtothegymisatemptingprospectformanyofus.Confirmatorybiasisapowerfulthing.

ButtheUKpopulationisageing,andlikelytoplaceagreaterburdenontheNHSinfuture.Weoweittoourselves,andthosewillbepayingforourcare,tomakesurewe’reashealthyaspossibleforaslongaspossible.Puttingourfaithinaword,andapill—howevercomfortingitmaysound—todothisforusisamirageandafallacy.Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer,despitewhatwewanttobelieve.

1.ThereferencetoaNobellaureate’scommentonantioxidantsupplementsisto（）.

2.Whatdoestheauthorsaythatleadstopeople’sstrongbeliefinantioxidants?

3.Itcanbeconcludedthatpeople’scollectivebeliefinantioxidantsisNOTbasedon（）.

4.Whatistheauthor’sopinionoftakingantioxidantsupplements?

问题1选项

A.introduceatopic

B.reinforceanargument

C.enrichthedescription

D.confirmahypothesis

问题2选项

A.Thelackofregulation.

B.Thewidespreadinseminationofmedicalknowledge.

C.The“super-broccoli”story.

D.Theoverwhelminghealthproductcommercials.

问题3选项

A.deeply-rootedculturalperception

B.thecontinualreportsofBritain’sillhealth

C.theexistingprovenknowledge

D.confirmatorybiases

问题4选项

A.Keepingfitmeansbuildingamirage.

B.Antioxidantsprovideapromisingfutureprospect.

C.Keepingfitinvolvesmorethantakingantioxidants.

D.Antioxidantscanhelpstopageing.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:1.根据文章内容可知,作者在第一段并没有提出任何观点,而是通过引用诺贝尔奖获得者的评论来引出接下来要讨论的问题,所以选项A正确。

2.根据第六段第一句“Onepossiblereasonforourfirmattitudesisthewidespreaduseoftheword“antioxidants”inadvertsproclaimingthehealthbenefitsofvariousfoodsanddrinks.”一个可能原因是,在宣传各种食品和饮料对健康有益的广告中,“抗氧化剂”一词被广泛使用。选项D符合原文。

3.根据第九段的第一句“Butthere’sprobablyadeeperreasonforourcollectiverefusaltoswallowthebitterpillofscientificevidence.”但是,我们集体拒绝吞下科学证据的苦果,可能还有更深层次的原因。这里指人们不愿相信已经证实的科学依据,所以选项C正确。

4.根据最后一段最后一句“Antioxidantsdonotprolongourlivesnorpreventcancer...”抗氧化剂并不能延长我们的寿命,也不能预防癌症。也就是说,保持健康不仅仅是服用抗氧化剂就可以的。选项C符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

18.单选题

Shesaidthatshehad（

）couragetofight（

）brutalmanbecauseshehad（

）supportfrom（

）Lord.

问题1选项

A.thea...the.../

B./...a...the/

C.a...a...the...the

D.the...a...thethe

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词的用法。courage是不可数名词，用the修饰;man是可数名词，且上文没有提及过，用不定冠词修饰;support指从Lord那里得到的支持，特指，用the修饰；Lord是专有名词，且独一无二，用the修饰。因此，选项D符合题意。

19.单选题

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

问题1选项

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize资助；补助

C.subscribe申请；预订D.subordinate使从属于

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词government和theater，结合四个选项可知，政府对于剧院应该是资助，故该题选择B项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多关于政府资助剧院的必要性的讨论。

20.单选题

Nutritional（营养的）statusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalactivityandlearningexperience.Poorly-nourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowthelessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfromaddedridiculeandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children'sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorly-nourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.（营养物质）Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyoradeprivedenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalancebetweenthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorovernutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostcriticalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringcertainstagesofearlychildhoodcannotalwaysbereversedwithimproveddietaryintake.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby（）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

问题2选项

A.Children'sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltothepoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdiseas