考研考博-英语-南阳农业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南阳农业职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

问题1选项

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。unanimously表示“全体一致地”；A项withoutanyobjections“没有任何异议”，B项intheultimate“终于”，C项inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D项againstheavyodds“敌众我寡”。句意：由于一些参议员的大力游说，这项法案获得一致通过。根据句意可知，“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”，故该题选择A项正确。

2.单选题

Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.

A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.

Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.

ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.

Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.

2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.

4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?

5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets

B.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarkets

C.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopment

D.canpromoteproductivityofcapital

问题2选项

A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturns

B.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestment

C.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipation

D.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy

问题3选项

A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturns

B.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowth

C.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoney

D.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable

问题4选项

A.Satire

B.Exposure

C.Attack

D.Criticism

问题5选项

A.Governmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrack

B.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.

C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacy

D.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美国资本市场的高回报源于资本的高生产率和市场的效率。社会保障信托基金对私人资本市场的投资将损害美国经济表现的这两个来源；资本的生产效率将降低，市场的效率也将降低)。因此，B项“对市场效率可能产生负面影响”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界银行在全球范围内进行的一项研究发现，与私人管理的养老基金投资相比，它们的年回报率普遍较低)。因此C项“没有达到政府的预期目标”正确。

第3题:判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率)。由此可知B项“政府对经济的更多参与可能会阻碍经济增长”正确。

第4题:观点态度题。文章开头指出允许政府进行信贷投资的目的是利用私人资本市场的高额投资回报。然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报。并且在结尾部分进一步指出了政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率。可以看出文章作者的语气是在批评政府所采取的社会保障基金投资政策。故选D项。

第5题:细节事实题。A:政府政策推动了政府投资，并让经济走上正轨。B:政府在经济方面的投资最终减慢经济增长。C:政府支持项目的投资是错误的。D:如果政府投资股市，或许收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报)。由此可知A项错误。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，这有可能反过来导致相应政策的制定，这种政策进而会减慢经济增长)。因此B项正确。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是对政府债券大力投资，其回报远低于对股市之类的投资)。因此D项正确。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(这种投资的结果还是回报率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事实上，这种投资经常赔钱)。因此C项符合原文所述。故此题选A。

3.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis（）producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.transition

C.consumption

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:absorption“吸收”；B:transition“过渡，转变”；C:consumption“消费”；D:interaction“相互作用”。句意：水从固体转变为液体，吸收了周围所有物质的热量，这种吸收产生了周围的人工寒冷。根据语境和句意，这里所指的是吸热，因此A最合适。

4.单选题

Mr.Whitewastoldagainandagainto______smokingbuthejustwouldn’tlisten.

问题1选项

A.cutthrough

B.cutoff

C.cutdown

D.cutaway

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cutthrough“抄近路走过”；B选项cutoff“切断”；C选项cutdown“减少”；D选项cutaway“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenpersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld;itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.

Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlyleamshisemotions,butalsolearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.

Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.

Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.

Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingthat（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（）

3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto（）.

4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif（）.

5.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”means（）.

问题1选项

A.onethinksbadorgood

B.onefeelsindanger

C.onefacesintheoutsideworld

D.onetriestoescapefrominreallife

问题2选项

A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.

B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.

C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.

D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.

问题3选项

A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotions

B.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotions

C.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotions

D.defineandclassifypeople’semotions

问题4选项

A.hecannotthinkproperly

B.hecannotpayattentiontoit

C.hecannotadjusthimselftoit

D.heisnotfullofenergy

问题5选项

A.stops

B.ties

C.weakens

D.flowsgradually

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.文章第一句accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood提到人的情感是由于人或者动物将某物视作好或坏的时候。选项A符合题意。

2.文章第二段第二句manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions提到婴儿被认为生下来没有情感。所以选项B符合题意。

3.文章主要介绍了什么是人类的情感，有哪些种类，所以选项D符合题意。

4.文章最后一段倒数第二句forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly提到参加考试的学生害怕考试失败而难以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考试就可能失败。所以选项A符合题意。

5.题干中的drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是担忧将人们所需的经历削弱，选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Asayoungman,Johnwasfascinatedbymovies.Hewouldoftenseefourorfivefilmsaweek.Hisinterestinthemwanedinhislatetwenties,whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors.

问题1选项

A.Asayoungman

B.wouldoftensee

C.inhislatetwenties

D.whenhebegantospendalotoftimeoutdoors

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】短语误用。begantospend改成beganspending。表示开始一种新习惯时，应使用begindoing的形式

7.单选题

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Textinghaslongbeenbemoaned(哀叹)asthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit.TowhichtheproperresponseisLOL.Textingproperlyisn’twritingatall.It’sa“spoken”languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear.

First,somehistoricalperspective.Writingwasonlyinvented5,500yearsago,whereaslanguageprobablytracesbackatleast80,000years.Thustalkingcamefirst;wringisjustacraftthatcamealonglater.Assuch,thefirstwritingwasbasedonthewaypeopletalk,withshortsentences.However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow.Overtime,writerstookadvantageofthisandstartedcraftinglong-windedsentencessuchasthisone:“Thewholeengagementlastedabove12hours,tillthegradualretreatofthePersianswaschangedintoadisorderlyflight,ofwhichtheshamefulexamplewasgivenbytheprincipalleadersand…”

Noonetalkslikethatcasually—orshould.Butitisnaturaltodesiretodosoforspecialoccasions.Intheolddays,wedidn’tmuchwriteliketalkingbecausetherewasnomechanismtoreproducethespeedofconversation.Buttextingandinstantmessagingdo—andarevolutionhasbegun.Itinvolvesthecrudemechanicsofwriting,butinitseconomy,spontaneityandevenvulgarity,textingisactuallyanewkindoftalking,withitsownkindofgrammarandconventions.

TakeLOL.Itdoesn’tactuallymean“laughingoutloud”inaliteralsenseanymore.LOLhasevolvedintosomethingmuchsubtlerandsophisticatedandisusedevenwhennothingisremotelyamusing.Joeelyntexts“Wherehaveyoubeen?”andAnnabelletextsback“LOLatthelibrarystudyingfortwohours.”LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality.Insteadofhavingaliteralmeaning,itdoessomething—conveyinganattitude—justlikethe-edendingconveyspasttenseratherthan“meaning”anything.LOL,ofallthings,isgrammar.

Ofcoursenoonethinksaboutthatconsciously.Butthenmostofcommunicationoperateswithoutbeingnoticed.Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed.

Civilization,then,isfine—peoplebangingawayontheirsmartphonesarefluentlyusingacodeseparatefromtheonetheyuseinactualwriting,andthereisnoevidencethattextingisruiningcompositionskills.Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers.

16.Whatdocriticssayabouttexting?

17.Inwhatwaydoestheauthorsaywritingisdifferentfromtalking?

18.WhyisLOLmuchusedintexting?

19.Exampleslikemeatandsillyarecitedtoshow（）.

20.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftexting?

问题1选项

A.Itismainlyconfinedtoyoungsters.

B.Itcompeteswithtraditionalwriting.

C.Itwillruinthewrittenlanguage.

D.Itisoftenhardtounderstand.

问题2选项

A.Itiscraftedwithspecificskills.

B.Itexpressesideasmoreaccurately.

C.Itdoesnothaveaslongahistory.

D.Itisnotaseasytocomprehend.

问题3选项

A.Itbringstextersclosertoeachother.

B.Itshowsthetexter’ssophistication.

C.Itisatrendywaytocommunicate.

D.Itaddstothehumorofthetext.

问题4选项

A.thedifferencebetweenwritingandtalking

B.howdifferentlywordsareusedintexting

C.whypeopleusethewordsthewaytheydo

D.thegradualchangeofwordmeaning

问题5选项

A.Itfacilitatesexchangeofideasamongpeople.

B.Itisanewformofverbalcommunication.

C.Itdeterioratespeople’scompositionskills.

D.Ithastensthedeclineofthewrittenword.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】16、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Textinghaslongbeenbemoanedasthedownfallofthewrittenword,“penmanshipforilliterates,”asonecriticcalledit”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的thedownfallofthewrittenword。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。

17、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writingisdifferentfromtalking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However,whiletalkingislargelysubconsciousandrapid,writingisdeliberateandslow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

18、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOLsignalbasicempathy(同感)betweentexters,easingtensionandcreatingasenseofequality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closertoeachother，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。

19、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meatandsilly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Overtime,themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts—meatusedtomeananykindoffood,sillyusedtomean,believeitornot,blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化——meat被用来表示任何一种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“themeaningofawordoranexpressiondrifts”所以meatandsilly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。

20、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“It’sa‘spoken’languagethatisgettingricherandmorecomplexbytheyear”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最后一段最后一句话“Worldwidepeoplespeakdifferentlyfromthewaytheywrite,andtexting—quick,casualandonlyintendedtobereadonce—isactuallyawayoftalkingwithyourfingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信——快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信——其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义的关系。所以最佳选项是B选项。A选项“它促进了人们之间思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇内容；C选项说法错误，文中提到没有证据表明短信正在破坏写作技巧；D选项体现在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。

8.单选题

（

）withtheheightoftheskyscraper,thismountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.

问题1选项

A.Whencompared

B.Whilecomparing

C.Compare

D.Comparing

【答案】A

【解析】句意:当与摩天大楼的高度相比吋，这座山看起来根本不高。

语法题。考查过去分词做状语。此句主语为thismountain,前半句为动词compare的过去分词做比较状语。分句中动词compare与逻辑主语thismountain之间是被动关系,故选A。

9.单选题

IhavedevotedfiveweekendscontinuouslytowritingthegraduationthesisandnowIfeelI______agoodrest.

问题1选项

A.deserve

B.preserve

C.conceive

D.receive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deserve“应受，值得”；preserve“保存，保护”；conceive“设想，考虑”；receive“接收，接待”。句意：我已经连续五个周末在写毕业论文了，现在我感觉我应该好好休息一下。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorDandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Publicofficialsandcandidatesforpublicofficesroutinelyusepublicopinionpollstokeep（31）ofwhatthepeoplearethinking.Animportantquestionisthedegreetowhichthesepollsshouldguideleaders（32）theiractions.Thereareargumentsforandagainsttheuseofpollsasthebasisforpolicy（33）.

Pollscancontributetoeffectivegovernmentbykeepingpoliticalleadersfromgettingtoofar（34）linewiththepublic’sthinking.Inademocraticsociety,theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic（35）.Whenapolicyiscontrarytothepublic’sdesires,peoplemaychooseto（36）orunderminedit,thusmakingitcounterproductiveorinefficient.Furthermore,whengovernment（37）acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees,it（38）alossofpublicconfidence,whichcanhaveanegativeeffectonitsabilitytolead.TheReaganadministration,flyinghighfrom1981to1985,wasbroughtlowin1986bypublicreactiontonewsofitssecretsalesofweaponstoIran.Theadministrationhadnotpaid（39）attentiontopollsthathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages.

However,leaderscanalsodoadisservicetothepublictheyrepresentbyusingpollresultsasa（40）forpolicyjudgment.Effectivegovernment,asWalterLippmannwrote,cannotbeconductedbylegislatorsandofficialswho,whenaquestionispresented,askthemselvesfirstandlastnotwhatisthetruthandwhichistherightandnecessarycourse.

问题1选项

A.trace

B.trade

C.track

D.trap

问题2选项

A.with

B.to

C.for

D.in

问题3选项

A.determination

B.conclusion

C.decision

D.choice

问题4选项

A.from

B.by

C.at

D.about

问题5选项

A.admission

B.support

C.disagreement

D.reaction

问题6选项

A.dispute

B.disregard

C.disrespect

D.disrupt

问题7选项

A.continues

B.carrieson

C.embarks

D.pursues

问题8选项

A.risks

B.costs

C.makes

D.endangers

问题9选项

A.efficiency

B.effective

C.sufficient

D.scarce

问题10选项

A.replacement

B.substitute

C.change

D.diversity

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

【解析】31、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查名词与词组辨析。A选项keeptraceof“保留痕迹，跟踪”；B选项trade“贸易”；C选项keeptrackof“记录；与……保持联系，明了”；D选项trap“陷阱，圈套”。由空格后“whatthepeoplearethinking”（人民的想法）可知与其对应的是了解，明了的意思。A、B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。

32、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查介词辨析。由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调应该在多大程度上指导领导人的行动，在……方面，使用介词in。A选项with“随着，由着”；B选项to“对于”；D选项for“给，对；为了”，在此处语义不符。因此D选项正确。

33、【试题答案】C

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项determination“决心；果断”；B选项conclusion“结论”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项choice“选择”。由空格前“pollsasthebasisforpolicy”（民意作为政治……的基础）可知与其对应的是决定，即将民调作为政治决定的基础。A选项一般指人决心做某事；B、D在此处语义不符。因此C选项正确。

34、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查介词辨析与前后逻辑关系。Farfrom意为“远离”，由空格前后语义可知这里指这些民调能帮助政治领导人避免与公众的想法偏离太远，从而提高政府的效率。因此A选项正确。

35、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析与语义关系。A选项admission“承认”；B选项support“支持；帮助”；C选项disagreement“不一致；争论”；D选项reaction“反应，感应”。由空格前theeffectivesofapublicpolicydependsontheextentofitspublic”（公共政策的有效性取决于其公众……的程度）可知与其对应的是支持，即有效性取决于公众的支持程度。A、C、D在此处语义不符。因此B选项正确。

36、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispute“辩论；争吵”；B选项disregard“忽视，无视”；C选项disrespect“无礼，失礼”；D选项disrupt“破坏；使瓦解”。由空格后“or”可知该空与undermined（破坏）是并列选择关系。A、C选项在此处语义不符；D选项意义也为破坏，与空格后语义重复，排除。因此B选项正确。

37、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项continues“继续，连续”；B选项carrieson“开展；实行”；C选项embarks“上船（或飞机）”；D选项pursues“追求，从事”。由空格后“acourseofactionwithwhichalargeproportionofthepublicdisagrees”（大部分公众不同意的行动方针）可知是采取大众不同意的方针，pursue有一种贬义的意义，即对应后文带来不好的影响。A、C选项在此处语义不符；B选项意义也为采取，实行，但多为褒义，即经过周密调查而实行的计划，排除。因此D选项正确。

38、【试题答案】A

【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项risks“冒……危险”；B选项costs“花费；使损失”；C选项makes“做，制作”；D选项endangers“危及；使遭到危险”。由空格后“lossofpublicconfidence”（公众信心的丧失）可知是实行公众不同意的计划，是冒着失去公众信心的风险实行的，所以A选项与其语义相对应。B、C、D选项在此处语义不符，排除。因此A选项正确。

39、【试题答案】D

【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficiency“效率；效能；功效”为名词，此处需填入形容词，排除；B选项effective“有效的，起作用的”；C选项sufficient“足够的；充分的”；D选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的”。由空格后“thathadrevealedthedeepantagonismAmericansstillfelttowardIranbecausetheAyatollahKhomeini’sregimehadheldthreeAmericanhostages”（这显示出美国人对伊朗仍然怀有深深的敌意，因为阿亚图拉•霍梅尼(AyatollahKhomeini)的政权扣押了三名美国人质）可知是由于政府没有注意到民调显示出的美国人仍然对伊朗怀有深深的敌意，所以D选项与其语义相对应。A、B、C选项在此处语义不符，排除。因此D选项正确。

40、【试题答案】B

【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项replacement“更换；复位”，一般与介词of以及by搭配使用；B选项substitute“代用品；代替者”，通常与介词of以及for搭配使用；C选项change“变化”；D选项diversity“多样性；差异”。由空格后介词“for”可知B选项与其语义相对应。A选项一般表示代替不与for搭配；C、D选项在此处语义不符，排除。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Sheboughtaknifefromtheshop（）topeelanapple

问题1选项

A.which

B.withthat

C.withwhich

D.atwhich

【答案】C

【解析】这里的先行词不是shop,所以不能直接跟关系代词。peelanapplewithaknife用刀削苹果用介词with,所以排除选项A和D。介词+that不能引导定语从句。所以选项C正确。

12.单选题

Thecriticsconsideredonlytheundesirablequalitiesintheartist’swork,whileignoringor______themoredesirableones.

问题1选项

A.criticizing

B.overlooking

C.deserting

D.flattering

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.criticizing批评B.overlooking忽略

C.deserting抛弃，遗弃D.flattering奉承，谄媚

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】空格处与ignoring为并列成分，所以空格处的意思与ignoring（忽视）的意思相近，故B项符合。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合句子意思。

【句意】批评家们只考虑了艺术家作品中的不良品质，而忽略了更可取的品质。

13.单选题

Hewantstostarthisownbusiness,but_______handlingpayroll,governmentcompliance,andbenefitschores.

问题1选项

A.loathe

B.remark

C.uphold

D.systematize

【答案】A

【解析】loathe讨厌，厌恶;remark评论,谈及;uphold支持,赞成;systematize系统化。句意：他想自己创业，但又讨厌处理工资、应对政府法规和处理收益上的琐事。选项A符合句意。

14.单选题

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen'tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat.”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificqualityofwhatyoudotoasingleperson,”BulliettellsWebMD.“Thepointisthatitisn’twhatyoudo,butit’showit’scoveredthatdeterminestheeffect.”Forexample,BullietsaystheIranianhostagecrisis,whichbeganin1979andlastedfor444days,wasactuallyoneofthemostharmlessthingsthathappenedintheMiddleEastinthelast25years.AlloftheU.S.hostageswereeventuallyreleasedunharmed,buttheeventremainsapsychologicalscarformanyAmericanswhowatchedhelplesslyaseachevening’snewscastcountedthedaysthehostageswerebeingheldcaptive.

Bullietsaysterroristsfrequentlyexploitimagesofagroupofmaskedindividualsexertingtotalpowerovertheircaptivestosendthemessagethattheactisacollectivedemonstrationofthegroup’spowerratherthananindividualcriminalact.“Youdon’thavethenotionthatacertainpersonhastakenahostage.It’sanimageofgrouppower,andtheforcebecomesgeneralizedratherthanpersonalized,”saysBulliet.“Therandomnessandtheubiquity（无处不在）ofthethreatgivetheimpressionofvastlygreatercapacities.”

PsychiatristAnsarHaroun,whoservedintheU.S.ArmyReservesinthefirstGulfWarandmorerecentlyinAfghanistan,saysthatterroristgroupsoftenresorttopsychologicalwarfarebecauseit’stheonlytactictheyhaveavailabletothem.“Theydon’thaveM-16s,andwehaveM-16s.Theydon’thavethemightymilitarypowerthatwehave,andtheyonlyhaveaccesstothingslikekidnapping,”saysHaroun,whoisalsoaclinicalprofessorofpsychiatryattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego.

“Inpsychologicalwarfare,evenonebeheading（斩首）canhavethepsychologicalimpactthatmightbeassociatedwithkilling1.000oftheenemy,”HarountellsWebMD.“Youhaven’treallyharmedtheenemyverymuchbykillingonepersonontheotherside.Butintermsofinspiringfear,anxiety,terror,andmakingusallfeelbad,you’veachievedalotofdemoralization.”

1.Whathaschangedtherulesofpsychologicalwarfare?

2.Thegoalofpsychologicalwarfareisto（

）.

3.AccordingtoRichardBulliet,publicizinganactofviolencebecomesanimportantpartofterrorismitselfbecause

（

）.

4.TheIranianhostagecrisisshowsthat

（

）.

5.Inthispassagetheauthor（

）.

问题1选项

A.Terroristattacks.

B.Theincreaseofmilitaryconflicts.

C.Advancesinnuclearweapons.

D.Prosperityofthemedia.

问题2选项

A.changetheideologyoftheoppo