考研考博-英语-吉林司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林司法警官职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

问题1选项

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项criterion“标准；规范；准则”；B选项orientation“定位；适应；向东方”；C选项standard“标准；度量衡标准”；D选项guideline“指导方针”。句意：最近的调查结果表明，鸟类也能使用地球磁场作为定位的辅助手段。结合句意，B选项正确。

2.单选题

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

问题1选项

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prudent“谨慎的；精明的；节俭的”；B选项reversible“可逆的；可撤销的；可反转的”；C选项diffuse“弥漫的，散开的”；D选项mandatory“强制的；托管的”。句意：甚至总统也不是真正的CEO。没有人是。公司的权力集中在垂直结构上。华盛顿的权力是……并且横向分散的。由前后句意对比可知，此处应表示华盛顿权力的结构是分散的，水平的。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Wenowcometothevitaltopicofmoney.First,wemustrememberthatscience,onanysignificantscale,existsonlyineconomieswherethereissurplusofgoodsandservices.Aprosperouseconomyformsanecessarybaseforscientificwork.Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped"countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupporting—anysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch.ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered.Theprimarythemeofhisaddressisthatthegapisnotclosing;onthecontrary,itsteadilygrowswider.

TheUnitedStates,asthemostwealthyindustrialnation,spendsagreateramountonresearchanddevelopmentthananyothernations.Itisbeyondthescopeofthisbooktoconsiderindetailwhethertheamountspentisadequate,eitherinrelationtoourowneconomyorinrelationtoourpositionintheworld.Atbestthequestionisanopenone.

Inthelastfewyears,financialsupportforsciencehaschangedsignificantly.Itisfrustratingtoreportthat,inspiteofnumerousstatementsabouttheextentandnatureofthesechanges,ithasbeenimpossibletofindsufficientagreementtobesurejustwhathashappened.Twopointsdoappearclear.First,therehasbeenanoverallcutinresearchfunds,furtherreinforcedbysubstantialinflationofprices.Second,therehasbeenincreasedemphasison"relevant"researchthatisresearchwithimmediatepracticalapplications.

Onereportthatreflectsmostcloselyourownestimateofthesituationwasmadebyafive-membercommitteefromtheNationalAcademyofSciences.ThisgroupinvestigatedfundingofchemistryprojectsbytheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf.Thecommitteefoundthatvariousinstitutes,in-houseresearch,administrativebudgets,andcontinuingextramural（校外的）grantshadbeenprotectedwiththeresultthatnewandrenewalgrantshadbecomeadisasterarea.Otherreportsstatingthatfederalinstitutes’fundshavehadonlylimitedcutshaveapparentlyignoredthepointmadebytheNationalAcademyCommittee.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthe"underdeveloped"countries?

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsmeansnearlythesameas“disparity”usedinline6ofparagraphone?

3.“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”inthesecondparagraphmeansthat（

）.

4.Whichareaofresearchhassufferedmostfromthecutsinthefederalinstitutes’funds?

5.Whichofthefollowingcouldbebestusedforthetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theyneedscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearchbadly.

B.Theyaretoopoortospareenoughforthedevelopmentofscience.

C.Theyhaveotherprioritiesinsteadofspendingadecentamountofmoneyonscience.

D.Allofabove

问题2选项

A.Dispute

B.Diversion

C.Inequality

D.Argument

问题3选项

A.thequestionhastobelefttothepublictodecide

B.thequestionistooself-evidenttobediscussedanyfurther

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentopinionaboutthisquestion

D.moreinformationhastobecollectedbeforethequestioncanbefinallyanswered

问题4选项

A.Appliedresearch

B.Basicresearch

C.Chemistryprojects

D.Newresearchprojects

问题5选项

A.Disputeaboutresearchfunding

B.Trendsofresearchfunding

C.Researchanddevelopment

D.Basicandappliedresearches

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。A:他们对科学技术培训和研发有极强的需求,B:他们太穷，以至于没有足够的科学发展资金,C:他们有其他需要优先考虑的事情，而不是花大量资金在科研上。根据题干关键词the“underdeveloped”countries定位至第一段:Tragically,theeconomiesofthe"underdeveloped”countries,wheretheneedisoverwhelming,havenotsupported--norhavetheybeencapableofsupportinganysubstantialscientificandtechnicaltrainingorresearch(可悲的是，欠发达国家有很强的科研需求，但其经济却无法支持，或者没有能力支持任何一项实质的科学技术培训或研发),由此判断此题选D“以上所有选项”。

2.词义题。“disparity”所在句为:ReadthespeechofP.M.S.Blackette,PresidentoftheRoyalSociety,inwhichtheexistinggreatdisparitybetweenthe"have"and"have-not"economiesisconsidered(阅读皇家学会主席P.M.S.Blackette的演讲，其中就考虑了“有”和“没有”经济体之间存在的巨大…),由此推测,“disparity”表示“不同”或者“差异”。四个选项中,C项inequality(不同)与之意思最为接近。

3.语义题。“Atbestthequestionisanopenone”表示“充其量是一个开放的问题”,因此C项“对此问题，不同的人有不同的观点”比较符合这句话意思。

4.细节事实题。第四段指出:Thecommitteeconcludedthatfundinghadbeendeclinedbyanaverageof20%andthatthesectionmostcloselyrelatedtobasicresearchhadfundscutinhalf(委员会得出的结论是，资金平均己经削减了20%,与此最密切相关的基础研究的基金减少一半)。故选B“基础研究”。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了财政对科研的支持的不同报道和不同观点。经济实力强的国家能为科研提供更多支持，经济欠发达国家更需要发展科研，但是却没有足够的资金支持，因此人们对于财政支持科研发展有不同的观点看法。因此A项“关于研究经费的讨论”比较适合做文章标题。

4.单选题

EverySundayeveningthereisa（

）ofpeoplearoundthepavilionintheparksinceithasbecomearegularsiteforanEnglishcorner.

问题1选项

A.congruence

B.congratulation

C.congress

D.congregation

【答案】D

【解析】congruence适合，一致；congratulation祝贺，贺辞；congress代表大会；congregation集会，集合。句意：自从这里成为英语角的固定场所后，每个星期天的晚上都会有很多人聚集在公园的亭子周围。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid.“ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.

FewwouldarguewithFord'sstatements.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagements,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliceoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”

ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.JobsareproducedinabundancebecausetheU.Seconomicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcratesmorewealth,morejob,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.

ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhentheworldbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness-referringtothebiggestcompanies-isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andthefighttoformunions.Todaymanyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighcreatesfeelingofinsecurityformany.

1.TheUnitedStatesisatypicalcountry（

）.

2.TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.Sdreamingthat

（

）.

4.HenryFord’sstatementcanbetakennegativelybecause

（

）.

5.Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin（

）.

问题1选项

A.whichencouragesfreetradesathomeandabroad

B.whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget

C.whereallbusinessesaremanagedinascientificway

D.wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney

问题2选项

A.Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness

B.evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits

C.mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses

D.evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness

问题3选项

A.theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere

B.theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness

C.theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere

D.theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment

问题4选项

A.workingpeoplearefacingtofightfortheirrights

B.therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists

C.thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor

D.publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment

问题5选项

A.reductioninthenumberofemployees

B.improvementofworkingconditions

C.fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.ariseinworker’swages

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“亨利•福特的话意味着美国人的生活都是建立在商业价值上的”（BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld），换句话说，美国人关心的就是如何去创造商业价值，选项D“人们主要关心的问题是如何赚钱”符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。文章第二段主要讲述了与报纸相关的内容，无论是什么类型的报纸，都能看到与商业相关的内容。文章第二段最后一句话提到即使是艺术和娱乐都被看成是“娱乐业”（Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”），这证明了美国的商业影响非常广泛。选项D符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段第一句话提到“这么多人来美国生活的一个重要原因是他们可以在这里找到更好的工作”（OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob），选项D符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到了亨利•福特的观点的负面影响：大公司与劳动力之间的矛盾（Andthetermbigbusiness-referringtothebiggestcompanies-isseeninoppositiontolabor），选项C“大公司与劳动力之间存在对立关系”符合题意。

第5题:细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一家公司想低消耗，高利润，会导致什么结果？”文章最后一段最后一句话提到“裁员——上千员工失业，公司花费减少，利润增加”（Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighcreatesfeelingofinsecurityformany），选项A“雇员人数减少”符合题意。

6.写作题

Directions:Itisfoundthatmanystudentstodaysimply"cutandpaste"informationfromtheInternetwhentheydotheirassignments.Whatcanbedonetostopthis?Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldalsogiveyouressayapropertitleonthebasisofyoursuggestion(s).Writetheessayontheanswersheet2only.

【答案】TeachersandStudentsShouldUnite7.单选题

Welivedinasmallvillage______ahighwayandinfestedwithheavy-dutytrucks.

问题1选项

A.adjacentto

B.attachedto

C.farfrom

D.adjourningto

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A项adjacentto“邻近的，毗连的”，B项attachedto“附属于，系于”，C项farfrom“远离，远非”，D项adjourningto“转移会址，（集会人移动会场）到另一个地方”。根据句子意思“我们住在一个小村庄……高速公路和出没的重型卡车”可知，空格处表示“毗连”符合语境。句意：我们住在一个靠近公路的小村庄，那里到处都是重型卡车。因此，该题选择A项正确。

8.单选题

Becauseearlymanviewedillnessasdivinepunishmentandhealingaspurification,medicineandreligionwereinextricably,linkedforcenturies.Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."

By3500B.C.,theSumeriansintheTigris-Euphratesvalleyhaddevelopedvirtuallyallofourmodernmethodsofadministeringdrugs.Theyusedgarglesinhalations,pills,lotions,ointments,andplasters.Thefirstdrugcatalog,orpharmacopoeia,waswrittenatthattimebyanunknownSumerianphysician.Preservedincuneiformscriptonasingleclay'tabletarethenamesofdozensofdrugstotreatailmentsthatstillafflictustoday.

TheEgyptiansaddedtotheancientmedicinechest.TheEbersPapyrus,ascrolldatingfrom1900B.C.andnamedaftertheGermanEgyptologistGeorgeEbers.revealsthetrial-and-errorknow-howacquiredbyearlyEgyptianphysicians.Torelieveindigestion,achewofpeppermintleavesandcarbonates(knowntoday.Asantacids)wasprescribed,andtonumbthepainoftoothextraction,Egyptiandoctorstemporarilystupefiedapatientwithethylalcohol.

Thescrollalsoprovidesarareglimpseintothehierarchyofancientdrugpreparation.The"'chiefofthepreparersofdrugs"wastheequivalentofaheadpharmacist,whosupervisedthe'"collectorsofdrugs."fieldworkers,whogatheredessentialmineralsandherbs.The'"preparers"aides"(technicians)driedandpulverizedingredients,whichwereblendedaccordingtocertainformulasbythe"preparers."

Andthe"conservatorofdrugs"oversawthestorehousewherelocalandimportedmineral,herb,andanimal-organingredientswerekept.BytheseventhcenturyB.C.theGreekshadadoptedasophisticatedmind-bodyviewofmedicine.They-believedthataphysicianmustpursuethediagnosisandtreatmentofthephysicalcausesofdiseasewithinascientificframework,aswellascurethesupernaturalcomponentsinvolved.Thus,theearly,Greekphysicianemphasizedsomethingofaholisticapproachtohealth,evenifthesuspected"mental"causesofdiseasewerenotrecognizedasstressanddepressionbutinterpretedascursesfromdispleaseddeities.

Themoderneraofpharmacologybeganinthesixteenthcentury,usheredinby'thefirstmajordiscoveriesinchemistry.Theunderstandingofhowchemicalsinteracttoproducecertaineffectswithinthebodywouldeventuallyremovemuchoftheguessworkandmagicfrommedicine.

Drugshadbeenlaunchedonascientificcourse,butcenturies"wouldpassbeforesuperstitionwasdisplacedby'scientificfact.Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens,suchasbacteriaandviruses,continuedtodreamupimaginarycausativeevils.Andthoughnewchemicalcompoundsemerged,theireffectivenessintreatingdiseasewasstillbasedlargelyontrialanderror.

Manystandard,commondrugsinthemedicinechestdevelopedinthistrial-and-errorenvironment.Suchisthecomplexityofdiseaseandhumanbiochemistrythateventoday,despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.

1.TheauthorcitestheliteraldefinitionoftheGreekwordphannakoninthefirstparagraphinorderto（）

.

2.Accordingtothepassage,theseventh-centuryGreeks'viewofmedicinedifferedfromthatoftheSumeriansinthattheGreeks（）.

3.InParagraph5,theword"holistic"mostnearlymeans（）

.

4.Thepassageindicatesthatadvancesinmedicalscienceduringthemoderneraofpharmacologymayhavebeendelayedby（）

.

5.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthormakeswhichofthefollowingobservationsaboutscientificdiscovery?

问题1选项

A.showthatancientcivilizationhadanadvancedformofmedicalscience

B.pointoutthatmanofthebeliefsofancientcivilizationsarestillheldtoday

C.illustratethatearlymanthoughtrecoveryfromillnesswaslinkedtointernalcleansing

D.emphasizetheprimitivenatureofGreekmedicalscience

问题2选项

A.discoveredmoreadvancedchemicalapplicationsofdrugs

B.acknowledgedboththementalandphysicalrootsofillness

C.establishedarigidhierarchyforthepreparationofdrugs

D.attributeddiseasetopsychological,ratherthanphysical,causes

问题3选项

A.integrated

B.religious

C.modern

D.physiological

问题4选项

A.alackofunderstandingofheoriginsofdisease

B.ashortageofchemicaltreatmentsfordisease

C.aninaccuracyinpharmaceuticalpreparation

D.anoveremphasisonthepsychologicalcausesofdisease

问题5选项

A.Humanbiochemistryissuchacomplexsciencethatimportantdiscoveriesareuncommon.

B.Manycuresforcommondiseaseshaveyettobediscovered.

C.Trialanderroristhebestavenuetoscientificdiscovery.

D.Chanceeventshaveledtothediscoveryofmanymoderndrugs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第一段“Thisnotionisapparentintheoriginofourword“pharmacy”,whichcomesfromtheGreekphannakon,meaning"purificationthroughpurging."可知，作者引用希腊词phannakon的字面意思是为了强调希腊医学的原始性质。选项D符合原文。

第2题:根据关键词“seventhcentury”定位到第六段的第一、二句“Bytheseventhponentsinvolved.”选项B符合原文。

第3题:试题分析：第五段中说到公元前七世纪的希腊人认为，医生对于疾病必须要从科学框架内的身体病因与超自然因素等方面去考虑，也就是比较全面的方法。所以A选项正确。

第4题:根据第七段“Onemajorreasonwasthatphysicians,unawareoftheexistenceofdisease-causingpathogens”可知，选项A符合原文。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“...despiteenormousstridesinmedicalscience,manyofthelatestsophisticateadditionstoourmedicinechestshelveswereaccidentalfinds.”，尽管医学取得了巨大的进步，许多最新添加到药柜货架上的现代药物都是偶然发现的。选项D符合原文。

9.单选题

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

问题1选项

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于……下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。

10.单选题

However,thevillagersdidnot（

）themthebestoutofthingstoentertainusinthemostsinceresmiletogreetthearrivalofus.

问题1选项

A.jealous

B.stingy

C.reluctant

D.begrudge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词形容词辨析。jealous妒忌的；stingy吝啬的；reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；begrudge羡慕，吝惜。句意：然而，村民却毫不吝惜地拿出他们最好的东西来招待我们，以最真诚的笑容迎接我们的到来。根据句意可知D项符合题意。

11.单选题

Itisnaturalformeto（）onhismotivesforthevisitsforwehavenotbeenonspeakingtermsformanyyears.

问题1选项

A.reflect

B.suppose

C.speculate

D.mediate

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A:reflecton“仔细想；回忆；反省”；B:supposeon“猜测；考虑”；C:speculateon“推测；猜想；推断”；D:mediateon“沉思；打算”。句意：我很自然地猜测到他访问的动机，因为我们多年来一直没有谈过话。结合语境，此处表示猜测，故C为正确答案。

12.单选题

Toachievesustainabledevelopment,the（

）ofresourcesisassumingnewimportance.

问题1选项

A.conservation

B.reservation

C.exhaustion

D.devastation

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。A选项conservation“保存，保护”；B选项reservation“预定，保留”；C选项exhaustion“耗尽，枯竭”：D选项devastation“毁坏”；空格前一句是目的状语“实现可持续发展”，所以空格所在句应是‘资源保护有新的意义。’A选项正确。

13.单选题

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

问题1选项

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B选项retirefrom“退休；退出；从……退休”；C选项examine“检查；调查；检测；考试”；D选项conquer“战胜，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公众的目光下成长的困难往往导致神童在成年之前就从成就的世界中退休；令人高兴的是，他们有时会在竞争中获胜。因此B选项正确。

14.单选题

A（）surgeoncanbeasdangerousasarecruitwithagunhedoesnotknowhowtohandle.

问题1选项

A.professional

B.negligent

C.competent

D.mellow

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。professional“专业的”；negligent“疏忽的，粗心大意的”；competent“能胜任的，有能力的”；mellow“圆润的；柔和的”。句意：一名粗心外科医生的危险性好比一名不会使用枪的新兵拿着一把枪。选项B符合题意。

15.单选题

Ihavelongbelievedthattroublebetweentheracesisseldomwhatitappearstobe.Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.AndIthinkpartofourconcernoveritcomesfromthefactthatithasthefeelofarelapse,illnessgoneandcomeagain.Butifweareseeingthesamesymptoms,Idon’tbelievewearedealingwiththesameillness.Foronething,Ithinkracialtensiononcampusistheresultmoreofracialequalitythaninequality.

HowtolivewithracialdifferencehasbeenAmerica’sprofoundsocialproblem.Forthefirst100yearsorsofollowingemancipationitwascontrolledbyalegallyapprovedinequalitythatactedasabufferbetweentheraces.Nolongeristhisthecase.Oncampusestoday,asthroughoutsociety,blacksenjoyequalityunderthelaw—aprofoundsocialadvancement.Nostudentmaybekeptoutofaclassoradormitoryoranextracurricularactivitybecauseofhisorherrace.Butthereisaparadoxhere.Onacampuswheremembersofallracesaregathered,mixedtogetherintheclassroomaswellassocially,differencesaremoreexposedthanever.Andthisiswherethetroublestarts.Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.Thesefeelingscouldliehiddeninthehome,infamiliarneighborhoods,insimplerdaysofchildhood.Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.Onourcampuses,suchconcentratedmicro-societies,allthatremainsunresolvedbetweenblacksandwhites,alltheoldwoundsandshamesthathaveneverbeenaddressed,presentthemselvesforattention-andpresentouryouthwithpressurestheycannotalwayshandle.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,（）.

2.Nowadaysracialtensiononcampusmostprobablystartswith（）.

3.Thephrase“comingintotheirown’’onLine8ofParagraph2probablymeans（）.

4.Whenyoungadultsentercollegeforthefirsttime,（）.

5.Thepassageismainlyabout（）.

问题1选项

A.peoplehavemisunderstoodthecausesofracialtension

B.peopledon’tunderstandthecausesofracialtension

C.racialtensionkeepsthesametypicalpatterninhistory

D.racialtensiononcampusisthesameasracialtensioninsociety

问题2选项

A.racialinequality

B.suddenawarenessofracialdifferences

C.whiteracism

D.racialinteractionandcompetition

问题3选项

A.enteringtheirownhomes

B.showingtheirownvalues

C.enteringtheirowncolleges

D.havingtheirownproblems

问题4选项

A.theybringfreedomandexplorationtocampus

B.theysufferfromracialinequalityanddifferences

C.theybringwiththemfear,anxietyandotherfeelings

D.theysufferfromcompetitionsinbigexams

问题5选项

A.racialinequalityinAmericansociety

B.racialtensioninAmericansociety

C.racialequalityoncampusandinsociety

D.thecausesofracialtensiononcampus

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.推理判断题。由第一段“Ithasthesamelook,thetypicalpattern,ofAmerica’stimelessracialconflict—whiteracismandblackprotest.校园种族矛盾与美国永恒的种族冲突的经典模式-白人种族主义与黑人抗议是相同的。”可知种矛盾在历史上有相同的模式。故C项正确。A项“人们误解了种族紧张的原因”以及B项“人们不理解种族紧张的原因”是对“Itwasnothardtoseeaftermyfirsttalkswithstudentsthatracialtensiononcampusisaproblemthatmisrepresentsitself.在我第一次与学生交谈后，不难看出校园里的种族紧张是一个误传自身的问题。”的曲解。D项文中未提及。

2.细节事实题。由第二段Butthecollegecampus,withitsstructuresofinteractionandadult-levelcompetition一thebigexam,thedorm,the“mixer”—isanothermatter.Ithinkcampusracismisbornoftherubbetweenracialdifferenceandasetting,thecampusitself,devotedtointeractionandequality.但大学校园,因其结构为社交和成人水平的竞争——大型考试，宿舍，“大量混合”是另一回事。我认为校园种族主义源于种族差异和校园环境之间的摩擦，校园本身致力于社交和平等。可知如今校园种族矛盾是源于社交和竞争，故D项正确。

3.推理判断题。Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttime…对于每一个不同种族的年轻人来说，他们都是第一次离开家来到大学…由此可知年轻人是第一次离开家进入大学。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Formembersofeachraceyoungadultscomingintotheirown,oftenawayfromhomeforthefirsttimebringtothissiteoffreedom,exploration,andnow,today,equality,verydeepfearsandanxieties,notfullydevelopedfeelingsofracialshame,anger,andguilt.对于每一个不同种族的年轻人来说，他们都是第一次离开家来到大学,他们给这个自由，探索和平等的地方带来了深深的恐惧和焦虑，以及还未完全发展的种族羞耻感，愤怒和内疚感。”可知年轻人第一次进入大学时，他们带去了恐惧，愤怒，内疚等感情。故C项正确。

5.主旨大意题。本文主要分析了校园种族矛盾的原因，即在一个微型的社会里（校园里）种族平等使以前未解决的问题现在更加明显地暴露出来。故D项正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

第5题:

16.单选题

Fred

always（）doingthewashing-up

bysayingthatheisbusyworkinginthegarden.

问题1选项

A.getsoutof

B.getsoverwith

C.getsridof

D.getsthroughwith

【答案】A

【解析】getoutof指设法避免承担责任或义务。；getoverwith指做完了事；getridof指摆脱不喜欢的事物；getthroughwith指完成,挺过来。句意：Fred总是说他在花园里忙着干活而不洗碗。选项A符合句意。

17.翻译题

Direction:TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

TheRenaissanceembraced,firstofall,animpressiverecordofnewachievementsinart,literature,science,philosophy,educationandreligion.Althoughthefoundationofmanyofthesewasclassical,theysoonexpandedbeyondthemeasureofGreekandRomaninfluence.Indeed,manyoftheachievementsinpainting,science,politicsandreligionborelittlerelationtotheclassicalheritage.Secondly,theRenaissanceincorporatedanumberofdominantidealsandattitudesthatgaveittheimpressofauniquesociety.Notableamongtheseingeneralwereoptimism,andindividualism;butthemostsignificantofthemallwashumanism.Initsbroadestmeaninghumanismmaybedefinedasemphasisonthehumanvalues.ItwasatermderivedfromCicero,whouseditinthesenseofdevotiontotheliberalarts,orthesubjectsmostcompatiblewiththedignityofman.

【答案】首先，文艺复兴包含了文学、艺术、科学、哲学、教育和宗教方面令人印象深刻的新的成就。尽管这些文化形式的基础都来自古典主义，但它们很快繁荣起来，并摆脱了希腊、罗马的影响。事实上，绘画、科学、政治和宗教上的很多成就与古典文化遗产都没有什么关系。其次，文艺复兴包含了许多鲜明的观点和态度，使其所处的社会呈现出独特的风貌，大体上这些中值得注意的是乐观主义和个人主义，但所有这些中最重要的还是人文主义。在最宽泛的意义上，人文主义可以被定义为对人的价值的强调。这个词出自西赛罗，他曾用该词来表达对自由艺术的投入或与人类尊严最一致的主题。

18.单选题

Hemighthavebeenkilled（

）thearrivalofthepolice.

问题1选项

A.exceptfor

B.butfor

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。butfor“要不是，如果没有”；exceptfor“除了…以外”。句意：要不是警察来了，他可能已经被杀了。mighthavebeenkilled是对过去的推测，故B项正确。

19.单选题

Thecontributiongenesmaketointelligenceincreasesaschildrengrowolder.Thisgoesagainstthe

notionthatmostpeopleholdthatasweage，environmentalinfluencesgraduallyoverpowerthegenetic

legacywearebomwithandmayhaveimplicationsforeducation.“Peopleassumethegeneticinfluence

goesdownwithagebecausetheenvironmentaldifferencesbetweenpeoplepileupinlife,”saysRobert

Plomin.“Whatwefoundwasquiteamazing,andgoesintheotherdirection.”

Previousstudieshaveshownvariationsinintelligenceareatleastpartlyduetogenetics.Tofindoutwhetherthisgeneticcontributionvarieswithage,Plomin’steampooleddatafromsixseparatestudiescarriedoutintheUS,theUK,AustraliaandtheNetherlands,involvingatotalof11,000pairsoftwins.Inthesestudies,theresearcherstestedtwinsonreasoning,logicandarithmeticstomeasureaquantitycalledgeneralcognitiveability,or“G