考研考博-英语-宁夏师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

TheSmithswentintothedepartmentstoretobuythings,leavingtheircar’sengine（）over.

问题1选项

A.ticking

B.tumbling

C.turning

D.running

【答案】C

【解析】tickover进展缓慢；tumbleover打翻；turnover发动；runover复查。句意：史密斯一家到百货公司购物，没有关掉车的引擎。也就是说车的引擎还发动着，选项C符合句意。

2.单选题

Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Alongthelow-lyingColoradoRiver.

B.AttheDinosaurNationalMonument.

C.AlongtheborderoftheU.S.andCanada.

D.Atmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinlargecities.20.

问题2选项

A.Volcanicexplosionscouldbringwholeanimalspeciestoextinction.

B.Somenaturaldisasterkilledawholeherdofdinosaursinthearea.

C.Thepitshouldbecarefullypreservedforthestudyofdinosaurs.

D.Thewholeregionmusthavebeenstruckbyadevastatingflood.21.

问题3选项

A.Theyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriver.

B.Theylayburieddeepinthesandformillionsofyears.

C.Theywereskeletonsofdinosaursinhabitingthelocality.

D.Theywereremainsofdinosaurskilledinavolcanicexplosion.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

【解析】RecordingTwo

Thepartialskeletonsofmorethan20dinosaursandscatteredbonesofabout300morehavebeendiscoveredinUtahandColoradoatwhatisnowtheDinosaurNationalMonument.[19]ManyofthebestspecimensmaybeseentodayatmuseumsofnaturalhistoryinthelargercitiesoftheUnitedStatesandCanada.Thisdinosaurpitisthelargestandbest-preserveddepositofdinosaursknowntoday.[20]Manypeoplegettheideafromthemassivebonesinthepitwallthatsomedisaster,suchasavolcanicexplosionorasuddenflood,killedawholeherdofdinosaursinthisarea.Thiscouldhavehappened,butitprobablydidnot.

Themainreasonsforthinkingotherwisearethescatteredbonesandthethicknessofthedeposit.Inotherdepositswheretheanimalswerethoughttohavediedtogether,theskeletonswereusuallycompleteandoftenalltheboneswereintheirproperplaces.Roundedpiecesoffossilbonehavebeenfoundhere.Thesefragmentsgottheirsmooth,roundshapebyrollingalongthestreambottom.Inamasskilling,theboneswould’vebeenleftonthestreamorlakebottomtogetheratthesamelevel.Butinthisdeposit,thebonesoccurthroughoutazoneofsandstoneabout12feetthick.

Themixtureofswampdwellersanddrylandtypesalsoseemstoindicatethatthedepositisamixturefromdifferentplaces.Thepitareaisalargedinosaurgraveyard—notaplacewheretheydied.[21]Mostoftheremainsprobablyfloateddownaneastwardflowingriveruntiltheywereleftonashallowsandbar.Someofthemmayhavecomefromfarawaydrylandareastothewest.Perhapstheydrownedtryingtocrossasmallstream,orwashedawayduringfloods.Someoftheswampdwellersmayhavegotstuckintheverysandbarthatbecametheirgrave.Othersmayhavefloatedformilesbeforebeingstranded.

Eventoday,similareventstakeplace:whenfloodscomeinthespring,sheep,cattle,anddeerareoftentrappedbyrisingwatersandoftendrown.Theirdeadbodiesfloatdownstreamuntilthefloodre-cedes,andleavesthemstrandedonabarorshorewheretheylie,halfburiedinthesanduntiltheydecay.EarlytravelersontheMissouriRiverreportedthatshoresandbarswereoftenlinedwiththedecayingbodiesofbuffalothathaddiedduringspringfloods.

19.WherecanmanyofthebestdinosaurspecimensbefoundinNorthAmerica?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问在北美哪里可以找到许多最好的恐龙标本？录音中提到，如今可以在美国和加拿大一些大城市的自然历史博物馆里看到许多最好的标本，因此D选项“大城市的自然历史博物馆”与录音原文一致，因此正确。A选项“地势低洼的科罗拉多河沿岸”；B选项“国家恐龙纪念遗址”；录音开头提到，美国犹他州和科罗拉多州是恐龙骨骼的发掘地，如今被称为DinosaurNationalMonument，并不是标本保存的地方，因此A选项和B选项均可排除；C选项“美国和加拿大的边界沿线”，录音中提到了美国和加拿大，但并未提到边界，因此不正确。

20.Whatoccurstomanypeoplewhentheyseethemassivebonesinthepitwall?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问很多人看到坑壁里巨大的骨骼时会想到什么？录音中提到，许多人看到巨坑中的恐龙骨骼，认为是一些自然灾害使得一大群的恐龙葬身在这片区域，B选项“一些自然灾害导致该地区一群恐龙死亡”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“火山爆发使得整个动物群灭绝”和D选项“整片地区一定是被洪流淹没的”表述过于绝对，录音中均没有明确的信息可以证明，因此可排除；C选项“这个巨坑应该小心保存下来用作恐龙研究”在录音中未提及，因此不选。

21.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestaboutthelargenumberofdinosaurbonesfoundinthepit?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问说话人对于在巨坑中发现的大量恐龙骨骼有什么看法？录音中提到，大部分遗骸可能是顺着河流向东漂流而下，最后留在了一个浅滩上。A选项“它们顺着河流向东漂流而下”正确。B选项“它们被深埋在沙子里达数百万年之久”和C选项“它们是栖息在当地的恐龙的骨骼”在录音中并没有提及；D选项“它们是死于火山喷发的恐龙的遗骸”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的volcanicexplosion设置干扰，录音中虽然明确提及火山喷发可能造成大群恐龙死于巨坑之中是其他人的观点，并不是说话人的观点，因此可排除。

3.单选题

Fluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.

问题1选项

A.inhibits

B.loosens

C.hastens

D.triggers

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.inhibits抑制；禁止B.loosens放松；松开

C.hastens加速；催化D.triggers引发；触发

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】由本句句意可知破坏细菌的生长可以“阻止”蛀牙，所以A选项“抑制，禁止”符合题意。划线单词deters“阻止”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合题意。

【句意】氟化物通过减少破坏牙釉质的细菌的生长来阻止蛀牙。

4.单选题

TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.Usuallytheyaremixedtogetherandcan’tbetoldfromoneanother.Butmanyofthemstilltalkaboutwheretheirancestorscamefrom.Itissomethingtheyareproudof.

TheoriginalAmericans,ofcourseweretheIndians.Theso-calledwhitemenwhothencameweremostlyfromEngland.ButmanycamefromothercountrieslikeGermanyandFrance.

OneproblemtheUnitedStateshasalwayshadisdiscrimination.AsnewgroupscametotheUnitedStatestheyfoundtheywerediscriminatedagainst.FirstitwastheIrishandItalians.Lateritwastheblacks.Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.Theonlyimmigrantswhohavenotaretheblacks.SurprisinglyenoughtheworstdiscriminationtodayisshowntowardstheIndians.

OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.Ofcoursetheyarenottheonlyoneswhohavedoneso.TheJapanesehavetheirLittleTokyoinLosAngelesandtheChineseaChinatowninNewYork.TheDutchsettlementinPennsylvaniaalsostaysseparatefromotherpeople.Theirtownsarelikesomethingfromthe19thcentury.Theyhaveadifferentreasonfromtheothergroupsforstayingseparately.Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasonsratherthankeeptogetherinaracialgroup.

Althoughsomegroupshavekeptthemselvesseparateandothershavebeendiscriminatedagainst,allgroupshavehelpedmaketheUnitedStatesagreatcounty.Thereisnogroupthathasnothelpedinsomeway.Andthereisnogroupthatcansaytheyhavedonethemosttomakeitagreatcountry.

ManypeoplestillcomefromothercountriestohelptheUnitedStatesgrow.AgoodexampleistheAmericanprojectthatletamanwalkonthemoon.ItwasascientistfromGermanywhowasmostresponsiblefordoingthat.ItiscertainthatinthefuturetheUnitedStateswillstillneedthehelpofpeoplefromallracialgroupstoremainagreatcountry.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestdescribethemainideaofthispassage?

2.Inthefirstparagraphtheword“told”means（）.

3.Thispassageimpliesthatdiscriminationisaproblemwhich（）.

4.ThemainreasonwhytheIndiansaremostdiscriminatedagainstisthat（）.

5.TheDutchliveseparatelyinPennsylvania（）.

问题1选项

A.TheUnitedStatesisacountrymadeupofmanydifferentraces.

B.DiscriminationisthemostseriousproblemintheUnitedStates.

C.AllracesintheUnitedStateshavehelpedmakethecountryagreatone.

D.TheprosperityoftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothehardworkofthemostdiscriminatedraces.

问题2选项

A.separated

B.distinguished

C.revealed

D.madeknown

问题3选项

A.manyracesintheUnitedStateshaveexperienced

B.willstillbeveryseriousintheUnitedStatesinthefuture

C.hasalreadybeensolvedintheUnitedStates

D.isstronglyopposedbymanydifferentracesintheUnitedStates

问题4选项

A.theyhavetriedhardtokeeptheirreligions

B.theyhavetriedhardtolivetogethertokeeptheirIndiancustoms

C.theyaretheonlyoneswhohavetriedtokeeptheiridentify

D.theydiscriminatemanyotherraces

问题5选项

A.toescapediscrimination

B.tokeeptogetherinaracialgroup

C.toenjoythemselvesintheirowntowns

D.forreligiousreasons

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。原文第一段第一句指出美国是一个由许多不同种族组成的国家，由此引出种族歧视，但本文的主旨句在第五段第一句，所有的种族都帮助美国成为一个伟大的国家。选项C符合原文。

2.语义题。根据原文句意，通常它们是混合在一起的，无法区分。由此可推测，told指无法区分的，选项B符合句意。

3.细节推断题。根据第三段第五句“Almosteverygrouphasbeenabletofinallyescapethisdiscrimination.”几乎每一个群体最终都能摆脱这种歧视。说明每个种族都曾经历过歧视，所以选项A正确。

4.细节推理题。根据第四段第一句“OnereasontheIndiansarediscriminatedagainstisthattheyhavetriedsohardtokeeptheiridentity.”印第安人受到歧视的一个原因是他们一直努力保持自己的身份。选项B符合原文。本题容易错选A，第四段最后一句提到的是荷兰人由于宗教原因与其他种族分开，而不是印第安人，所以不正确。

5.细节事实题。根据第四段最后一句“Theyliveseparatelyforreligiousreasons...”可知选项D正确。

5.单选题

HecameallthewaytoChinaforpromotingfriendship（

）formakingmoney.

问题1选项

A.otherthan

B.betterthan

C.morethan

D.ratherthan

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项otherthan“除了，不同于”；B选项betterthan“比……更好”；C选项morethan“比……多”；D选项ratherthan“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“forpromotingfriendship为了增进友谊”和后面“formakingmoney为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Formanypatients,institutionalcareisthemost______andbeneficialformofcare.

问题1选项

A.pertinent

B.appropriate

C.acute

D.persistent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项pertinent“相关的，相干的”，B项appropriate“适当的，恰当的”，C项acute“严重的，急性的”，D项persistent“固执的，坚持的”。根据句子意思“对许多病人来说，机构护理是……和最有益的护理形式”可知，空格处填入B项符合语境。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最合适和最有益的护理形式。因此，该题选择B项正确。

7.单选题

Adealofattentionisbeingpaidtodaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide一thedivisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopoor.Andthat（1）doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwaslessinvisiblethen,however,werethenew,positive（2）thatworkagainstthedigitaldivide.Actually,therearereasonstobe（3）.

Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.AstheInternetbecomesmoreandmore（4）,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalizeaccess—afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotential（5）thereare.Moreandmoreenterprises,afraidtheircountrieswillbeleft（6）,wanttospreadinternetaccess.Withinthenextdecadeortwo,onetotwobillionpeopleontheplanetwillbenettedtogether.Asaresult,Inowbelievethedigitaldividewillnarrowratherthanwidenintheyearsahead.AndthatisverygoodnewsbecausetheInternetmaywellbethemostpowerfultoolfor（7）worldpovertythatwe’veeverhad.

Ofcourse,theuseoftheInternetisn’ttheonlywaytodefeatpoverty.AndtheInternetisnottheonlytoolwehave,butithasbigpotential.

To（8）advantageofthistool,somepoorcountrieswillhavetogetovertheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudices（9）respecttoforeigninvestment.Countriesthatstillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymightwellstudythehistoryof（10）(thebasicstructuralfoundationsofasociety)intheUnitedStates.WhentheUnitedStatesbuiltitsindustrialinfrastructure,itdidn’thavethecapitaltodoso.AndthatiswhyAmerica’sSecondWaveinfrastructure—concerningroads,harbors,highways,portsandsoon—werebuiltwithforeigninvestment.

问题1选项

A.divide

B.information

C.world

D.lecture

问题2选项

A.forces

B.obstacles

C.events

D.surprises

问题3选项

A.negative

B.optimistic

C.pleasant

D.disappointed

问题4选项

A.developed

B.centralized

C.realized

D.commercialized

问题5选项

A.users

B.producers

C.customers

D.citizens

问题6选项

A.away

B.for

C.aside

D.behind

问题7选项

A.containing

B.preventing

C.keeping

D.combating

问题8选项

A.bring

B.keep

C.hold

D.take

问题9选项

A.at

B.with

C.of

D.for

问题10选项

A.construction

B.facility

C.infrastructure

D.institution

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:C

【解析】（1）文中指示代词that指代前面出现的名词，中心词为前面出现的so-calleddigitaldivide，divide为中心词。选项A符合题意。

（2）根据上下文语境。根据positive可以判断出，被修饰的单词应该是具有积极意义的名词。根据语境单词force最为合适。选项A符合题意。

（3）根据上下文语境。第一段主要是讲的存在一种力量可以抵抗数字化鸿沟，第二段的首句就提到了一些技术因素可以使数字鸿沟不断窄化。选项B符合题意。

（4）根据上下文语境。根据下文提到的theinterestofbusiness可以推测出，应该有商业化的意思，所以单词commercialized最为合适，选项D符合题意。

（5）根据上下文语境。文章一直在讨论“商业化”、“贸易这些话题”，所以空格中应该填入与之相关的词汇，customer最符合语境，选项C符合题意。

（6）考查短语的固定搭配。短语leavebehind“落后”，句意：企业担心自己的国家会落后。选项D符合题意。

（7）考查动词词义辨析。单词combat意思为“反对，与……战斗”，最符合语境，选项D符合题意。

（8）考查短语的固定搭配。takeadvantageof意思为“利用”，为固定搭配。选项D符合题意。

（9）考查短语的固定搭配。withrespectto“关于，至于”，选项B符合题意。

（10）考查单词释义理解。括号中的释义为“社会基本建筑基础”，选项C符合题意。

8.翻译题

Virtualhighschools,whichallowstudentstotakeclassesviaPC,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative,particularlyforon-the-goathletes.UniversityofMiamiOnlineHighSchool(UMOHS)hasmorethan400studentsenrolled,56%ofwhomareathletes.Accreditedbythe100-year-oldSouthernAssociationofCollegesandSchools,UMOHSoffershonorsandadvanced-placementclasses.Allcoursematerialisonlinealongwithassignmentsandduedates.Forhelp,saysprincipalHowardLiebman,“Astudentmaye-mail,instantmessageorcalltheteacher.”

Dallas'momLoriBannonturnedtoanotheronlineschool.LaurelSpringsinOjai,Calif,Bannon,WhohasamedicaldegreefromHarvard,didn’twanttocompromisetheeducationofherdaughterLindsay,13,anelitegymnastwhospendseighthoursadayinthegym.“Regularschoolwasnotanoption,”saysBannon,“butIwantedtomakesureshecouldgobackatgradelevelifshequitgymnastics.”LaurelSprings'enrollmenthasincreased35%ayearforthepastfouryearsto1,800students.Atleast25%areeitherathletesorchildentertainers.

Educatorsaresplitonthemeritsofsuchschools.PaulOrehovec,anenrollmentofficerfortheUniversityofMiami,admits,“Iwassomewhatofaskeptic,butwhenIlookedintotheirprogramsandaccreditation,Iwasexcited.UMOHSisthefirstonlineschooltobegrantedmembershipintheNationalHonorSociety.”KevinRoy,Elite’sdirectorofeducation,seespitfallsandpotentialinvirtualschools.“Youwillneverhavethatwonderfulteacherwhoinspiresyouforlife,”saysRoy.“Butthevirtualschooloffersendlesspossibilities.Idon’tknowwhereeducation’simaginationwilltakethis.”

【答案】虚拟高中允许学生通过电脑上学，现在已经成为了一个日渐流行的教育方式，那些忙碌的运动员们尤其钟爱这种选择。迈阿密网络学校已招收400多名学生，其中56%是运动员。该校已获得拥有100年历史的南部大学和中学联合会的批准，提供荣誉和预修课程，授课过程与作业练习都在线上进行，并标注截止时间。校长霍华德·利伯曼说，如果需要帮助，学生可以通过电子邮件，即时短信或电话联系老师。

达拉斯的母亲洛丽·班农选择了另一所网络学校——加州奥凯市的劳雷尔·斯普林斯。班农拥有哈佛大学的医学学位，她不想让自己13岁的女儿林赛的教育受到影响。林赛是一名优秀的体操运动员，她每天在体育馆要待上8个小时。班农说:“我并非想让她接受常规学校教育，我只是想确保她在结束体操生涯后能跟上正常的学习。”在过去四年，劳雷尔·斯普林斯的入学率年增长为35%，学生人数达到了1800。其中至少25%的学生是运动员或演员。

教育工作者对这些学校的优缺点看法不一。迈阿密网络学校的招生官保罗·奥赫维克承认，“对此我曾经有点怀疑。但当我查看他们的项目和资格认证时，我很兴奋。迈阿密网络学校是第一所被授予国家荣誉协会会员资格的网络学校。”精英教育总监教育主管凯文•罗伊看到了虚拟学校的缺陷和潜力。罗伊说:“你永远也不会有一个能激励你一生的好老师。但虚拟学校提供了无限的可能性。我不知道教育的想象力会把这种可能性发挥到哪种地步。”

9.单选题

Thechemicalformulaofdeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA)isnowwellestablished.Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.Toeachsugarisattachedanitrogenousbase,whichcanbeoffourdifferenttypes.Twoofthepossiblebases—adenineandguanine—arepurines,andtheothertwo—thymineandcytosine—arepyrimidines.Soareasisknown,thesequenceofbasesalongthechainisirregular.Themonomerunit,consistingofphosphate,sugarandbase,isknownasanucleotide.

Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.Thesetwochainsarebothcoiledaroundacommonfiberaxis.Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatsincetherewasonlyonechaininthechemicalformulatherewouldonlybeoneinthestructuralunit.However,thedensity,takenwiththeX-rayevidence,suggestsverystronglythattherearetwo.

Theotherbiologicallyimportantfeatureisthemannerinwhichthetwochainsareheldtogether.Thisisdonebyhydrogenbondsbetweenthebases.Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therecouldnotberoomforit.

Webelievethatthebaseswillbepresentalmostentirelyintheirmostprobableforms.Ifthisistrue,theconditionsforforminghydrogenbondsaremorerestrictive,andtheonlypairsofbasespossibleare:adeninewiththymine,andguaninewithcytosine.Adenine,forexample,canoccuroneitherchain;butwhenitdoes,itspartnerontheotherchainmustalwaysbethymine.

Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.Itfollowsthatinalongmoleculemanydifferentpermutationsarepossible,anditthereforeseemslikelythattheprecisesequenceofbasesisthecodewhichcarriesthegeneticalinformation.Iftheactualorderofthebasesononeofthepairofchainsweregiven,onecouldwritedowntheexactorderofthebasesontheotherone,becauseofthespecificpairing.Thus,onechainis,asifwere,thecomplementoftheother,anditisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.

1.Theauthorsusetheword“backbone”(underlinedin1thand5thparagraphs)toindicatethat（

）.

2.Inthesecondparagraph,whatdotheauthorsclaimtobeafeatureofbiologicalinterest?

3.Basedonthepassage,theauthors’statement“Ifapairconsistedoftwopurines,forexample,therewouldnotberoomforit”(italicized)impliesthatpair

（

）.

4.Theauthors9useofthewords“exact,”“specific,”and“complement”blackenedinthefinalparagraphfunctionsmainlyto（

）.

问题1选项

A.onlyverylongchainsofDNAcanbetakenfromanorganismwithaspinalcolumn

B.themainstructureofachaininaDNAmoleculeiscomposedofrepeatingunits

C.achaininaDNAmoleculeconsistsentirelyofphosphategroupsorofsugars.

D.nitrogenousbasesformthemainstructuralunitofDNA

问题2选项

A.DNAconsistingoftwochains.

B.Thecommonfiberaxis.

C.TheX-rayevidence.

D.ThechemicalformulaofDNA

问题3选项

A.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanthespacebetweenasugarandaphosphategroup

B.ofpurineswouldbelargerthanapairconsistingofapurineandapyrimidine

C.ofpyrimidineswouldbelargerthanapairofpurines

D.consistingofapurineandapyrimidinewouldbelargerthanapairofpyrimidine

问题4选项

A.confirmthatthenucleotidesequencesareknownformostmoleculesofDNA

B.countertheclaimthatthesequencesofbasesalongachaincanoccurinanyorder

C.supporttheclaimthatthephosphate-sugarbackboneoftheauthor’smodeliscompletelyregular

D.emphasizehowonechainofDNAmayserveastemplatetobecopiedduringDNAreplication

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段中Themoleculeisaverylongchain,thebackboneofwhichconsistsofaregularalternationofsugarandphosphategroups.DNA分子是一个非常长的链条，其支柱由糖和磷酸基有规律的交替组合构成。与第五段中Thephosphate-sugarbackboneofourmodeliscompletelyregular,butanysequenceofthepairsofbasescanfitintothestructure.我们人类的DNA分子模式的磷酸糖支柱完全是有规律的，不过成对的含氮碱基的任何排序都可以纳入该结构。可知与B选项对应。

2.细节事实题。定位到第二段中的“Thefirstfeatureofourstructurewhichisofbiologicalinterestisthatitconsistsnotofonechain,butoftwo.”在生物学研究方面我们人类DNA结构令人感兴趣的第一个特征是它由两个链条而不是一个链条组成。可知与A项对应。

3.判断推理题。从第三段中“Thebasesarejoinedtogetherinpairs,asinglebasefromonechainbeinghydrogen-bondedtoasinglebasefromtheother.Theimportantpointisthatonlycertainpairsofbaseswillfitintothestructure.Onememberofapairmustbeapurineandtheotherapyrimidineinordertobridgebetweenthetwochains.”这些碱基成对地联结在一起，一条链上的一个碱基与另一条链上的一个碱基氢键连接。重要的一点是，只有某些对碱基才能适合这个结构。一对中的一个成员必须是嘌呤，另一个是嘧啶，以架起两个链之间的沟通桥梁。可知B项“由嘌呤和嘧啶组成的比一对嘧啶大”正确。

4.推理判断题。A项“证实大多数DNA分子的核苷酸序列是已知的”；B项“反对这样一种说法，即沿着链的碱基序列可以以任何顺序出现”；C项“支持作者模型的磷酸盐-糖骨架是完全规则的这一说法”；D项“强调一条DNA链是如何在DNA复制过程中作为模板被复制的”定位到最后一段中“...itisthisfeaturewhichsuggestshowthedeoxyribonucleicacidmoleculemightduplicateitself.正是这种特征表明脱氧核糖核酸分子（DNA）可以自我复制。”可知D项正确。

10.单选题

Thearchaeologist（

）thatthevasewas3500yearsold.

问题1选项

A.utilized

B.upheld

C.estimated

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。utilized“利用”；upheld“坚持，维护”；estimated“估计”；sustained“维持”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有3500年的历史了。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Thelittlegirlcouldnot（）hercuriositytoseewhatwasinthebox.

问题1选项

A.abstain

B.refrain

C.restrain

D.prevent

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abstain“弃权；避免”；B选项refrain“节制；避免；制止”；C选项restrain“抑制；约束；制止”；D选项prevent“预防；阻止”。句意：小女孩……不住她的好奇心，想看看盒子里有什么。与“好奇心”搭配时选用C选项“抑制”更合适。

12.单选题

Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.

问题1选项

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查从句引导词。句意：加利福尼亚只有阳光多得不知怎么处理，而其余所有东西都很贵。分析句子成分than作连词连接两个句子，第二个句子it指代加州，know作谓语，后面接的是宾语。

13.单选题

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

问题1选项

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很容易会把人们对话的减少怪罪在当代生活的快节奏和发生在我们这个不断变化的世界里的难以言说的变化。句子中连词连接两个介词结构，没有从句引导词，因此我们得用非谓语，排除C选项。这些变化是一直在发生的，所以我们要用现在分词形式，所以答案选A。

14.单选题

Youshoulddimyourlightsinordernottodazzlethe（

）traffic.

问题1选项

A.meeting

B.facing

C.advancing

D.oncoming

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。

15.单选题

Sometimesartistsfindithardfortheirworktowinpopular（）.

问题1选项

A.welcome

B.applause

C.appetite

D.appreciation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项welcome“欢迎”；B选项applause“欢呼，喝彩”；C选项appetite“食欲，嗜好”；D选项appreciation“欣赏，鉴别”。句意：有时候，艺术家发现他们的作品很难赢得大众的欣赏。选项D符合语境。

16.单选题

Thoughtherearehundredsoftestpapers,Icanpickhisoutwithouthesitation,forhishandwritingisquite（）.

问题1选项

A.manifest

B.separate

C.distinct

D.obvious

【答案】C

【解析】句意：尽管有好几百张试卷,但我可以毫不犹豫地找出他的试卷,因为他的笔迹很独特。选项C符合语境。

17.单选题

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph’sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenceofphotographywayidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofrealityphotographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves-anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart,excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers’disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography’sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonofPoppaintingduringthe1960’s.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatissepresupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivityinshort,anart.

1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingadjectivesbestdescribes"theconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism"astheauthorrepresentsitinLine13?

3.WhydoestheauthorintroduceAbstractExpressionistpainter?

4.Howdidthenineteenth-centurydefendersofphotographystressthephotography?

问题1选项

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

问题2选项

A.Objective

B.Mechanical

C.Superficial

D.Paradoxical.

问题3选项

A.Hewantstoprovideanexampleofartistswho,likeseriouscontemporaryphotographers,disavowedtraditionallyacceptedaimsofmodemart.

B.HewantstosetforthananalogybetweentheAbstractExpressionistpaintersandclassicalModernistpainters.

C.HewantstoprovideacontrasttoPopartistandothers.

D.Hewantstoprovideanexplanationofwhyseriousphotography,likeothercontemporaryvisualforms,isnotandshouldnotpretendtobeanart.

问题4选项

A.Theystressedphotographywasameansofmakingpeoplehappy.

B.Itwasartforrecordingtheworld.

C.Itwasadeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially.

D.Itwasanartcomparabletopainting.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。A选项“界定现代主义者对艺术的态度”；B选项解释摄影是如何作为美术出现的”；C选项“说明当代严肃的摄影家对摄影作为艺术的态度，并把他们这些态度放在历史的进程来观察。”；D选项“界定当代严肃摄影家对待他们的艺术所具有的各种观点，并判定每种观点的价值”，根据文章大意可知最能概括文章中作者的主要思想的是D选项。

2.根据文章第二段最后一句“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism;thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetrad