考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏建设职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

IdecidetogotothecinemaassoonasI（

）.

问题1选项

A.finishwhatIdid

B.wouldfinishwhatIwasdoing

C.finishedwhatIdid

D.finishedwhatIwasdoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词时态。“assoonas”引导的为时间状语从句，由主句的谓语动词decide可知主句为一般现在时，根据主从句时态呼应，即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时，因此选A。句意：我决定一完成我所做的事情就去看电影。

2.单选题

TheBushJuntaisusingthe_______ofHurricaneKatrinatocutthewagesofpeopledesperatelytryingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheircommunities.

问题1选项

A.dismantlement

B.devastation

C.scuttle

D.wreckage

【答案】B

【解析】dismemberment分割，肢解;devastation毁坏；scuttle逃避；wreckage失事。句意：布什政府正利用Katrina飓风带来的破坏，削减那些拼命试图重建生活和社区的人们的工资。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora（）.

问题1选项

A.bargain

B.charge

C.gain

D.purchase

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根据句中的关键词thethriftstore（旧货店，二手店）判断,选项A更符合句意。

4.单选题

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda_______coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

问题1选项

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustainable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病)长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。

5.单选题

Ifthereisagooddrugavailable,itiseveryone’sresponsibilitytomakesurepatientscan（

）it.

问题1选项

A.afford

B.demand

C.tolerate

D.supply

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.afford承受；买得起B.demand要求；需求

C.tolerate忍受D.supply提供；供给

【答案】A

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】如果有一种好的药可用，确保病人……药品是每个人的责任。根据句意，应该是能够负担得起，买的起。因此选A.afford“承受；买得起”。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项均不符合句意。

【句意】如果有一种好的药物可用，每个人都有责任确保患者能够负担得起。

6.单选题

Adegreeof____betweennursesandpatientsandtheirrelativescanbeconsideredanadvantageinconvincingpeopletovolunteerasdonors.

问题1选项

A.estrangement

B.adversary

C.hostility

D.intimacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项estrangement“疏远；失和”；B选项adversary“对手；敌手”；C选项hostility“敌意”；D选项intimacy“亲密”。句意：护士和患者及其亲属之间的____程度有利于说服人们成为志愿捐赠者。根据后文beconsideredanadvantage“被认为是一种优势”，可推断护士和患者及其亲属之间的关系应该是好的，D选项intimacy“亲密”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为D。

7.单选题

ThereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteoriteshavehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Twiceinthetwentiethcentury,largemeteoriteobjectsareknowntohavecollidedwithEarth.

Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiodofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth’shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.

ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsedimentdepositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.ThissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.Evendilutedbytheterrestrialmaterialexcavatedfromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.

Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere,ascanbedeterminedbymeasuringthethicknessofthesedimentlayerformedwhenthisdustsettledtothesurface.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.TheexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.

Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.

Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonemechanismthatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.

Earthisatargetinacosmicshootinggallery,subjecttorandomviolenteventsthatwereunsuspectedafewdecadesago.In1991theUnitedStatesCongressaskedNASAtoinvestigatethehazardposedtodaybylargeimpactsonEarth.Thegroupconductingthestudyconcludedfromadetailedanalysisthatimpactsfrommeteoritescanindeedbehazardous.Althoughthereisalwayssomeriskthatalargeimpactcouldoccur,carefulstudyshowsthatthisriskisquitesmall.

62.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?

63.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthelocationofthemeteoriteimpactinMexico?

64.Theword“excavating”inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto____.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspeciesissupportedinParagraph6?

问题1选项

A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.

B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.

C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous.

D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.

问题2选项

A.ThelocationoftheimpactsiteinMexicowaskeptsecretbygeologistsfrom1980to1990.

B.Itwasawell-knownfactthattheimpacthadoccurredintheYucatregion.

C.Geologistsknewthattherehadbeenanimpactbeforetheyknewwhereithadoccurred.

D.TheYucatregionwaschosenbygeologistsasthemostprobableimpactsitebecauseofitsclimate.

问题3选项

A.diggingout

B.extending

C.destroying

D.coveringup

问题4选项

A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.

B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.

C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.

D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】62.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干：在第二段中，作者为什么要包括恐龙繁衍了数千万年然后突然消失的信息？定位到第二段最后一句Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.（千百万年来，这些伟大的生物繁衍生息。然后，突然，他们消失了），然后这句话的前文Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.（尽管在地质记录中有十几种或更多的大规模灭绝，但白垩纪的大规模灭绝总能引起古生物学家的兴趣，因为它标志着恐龙时代的终结），因此C项“解释为什么古生物学家总是对白垩纪末的大灭绝感兴趣”符合题意。A项“为了证明白垩纪末的大灭绝是地质记录中十几次大灭绝中记录最完整的一次”，B项“解释为什么当时地球上有一半的物种在白垩纪末灭绝”，D项“提供证据，证明一次影响可能大到足以扰乱整个地球的环境，造成生态灾难”，均不符合题意。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段倒数第二句By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico（到1990年，地质学家已经将撞击地点定位在墨西哥的尤卡特地区）可知B项“众所周知，撞击发生在尤卡特地区”为正确答案。A项“1980年至1990年，地质学家对墨西哥撞击地点的位置保密”，C项“地质学家在知道撞击发生的地点之前就已经知道了”，D项“由于气候原因，地质学家选择尤卡特地区作为最可能的撞击地点”，均在文中未体现，故错误。

64.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】词义推测题。excavating“挖掘；开凿”。A项“掘出”，B项“延伸；扩展”，C项“摧毁；毁灭”，D项“掩盖”，结合句意：这次撞击释放了巨大的能量，一个约为月球Tycho陨石坑两倍大的陨石坑。因此A项符合题意。

65.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第六段第四句Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.（一个物种生存的标准是它能否成功地与其他物种竞争并适应缓慢变化的环境。然而，一个同样重要的标准是，一个物种是否有能力在随机的全球生态灾难中生存下来）可知B项“物种竞争和适应逐渐变化的环境的能力不是生存所必需的唯一能力”最贴近文意，是正确答案。A项“一个物种生存的最重要因素是它的竞争能力和适应环境逐渐变化的能力”，C项“由于大多数物种的灭绝都是由于主要的陨石撞击造成的，因此在这种撞击下生存的能力是物种生存的最重要因素”，D项“对于一个物种的生存来说，最重要的因素在不同的物种之间有很大的差异”，均未在第六段体现。

8.单选题

Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa（）sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.

问题1选项

A.lucrative

B.ostensible

C.orthodox

D.tentative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的，赚钱的”；B选项ostensible“表面的，假装的”；C选项orthodox“正统的；惯常的”；D选项tentative“不确定的，暂定的；犹豫的”。句意：在所有的古典作曲家中，柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿，他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。

9.单选题

Doyouregretpayingfiftydollarsforthedog?”“No,Iwouldgladlypay（）forhim.”

问题1选项

A.asmuchtwice

B.twicesomuch

C.muchtwice

D.twiceasmuch

【答案】D

【解析】句意:你后悔为这条狗支付50美元不？”。“不，我乐意为了他支付双倍”。

语法题。考查倍数的表达。倍数的固定表达方式:倍数+as+形容词或副词+（as+另一比较对象）,前文己交代另一比较对象的情况下，括号中的部分可省略来避免重复,因此D正确。

10.单选题

Apersonwithhishead-in-the-cloudsisadreamer;（

）mindisnotintherealworld.

问题1选项

A.which

B.that

C.whose

D.ofwhom

【答案】C

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。前后各有谓语动词部分，因此空格处需要填入关联词。后半句空格后是名词mind，是主语的一部分，因此只能填入C选项whose修饰，后半句是由whose引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词dreamer，整句句意：想入非非的人是梦想家，他的意识并不存在于现实世界中。

11.单选题

Ihaven’tgotthe（）ideaofwhatyoumean.Wouldyoupleasemakeitcleartome?

问题1选项

A.lightest

B.furthest

C.smallest

D.faintest

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。lightest最轻的，最亮的；furthest最远的，最大程度的；smallest最小的；faintest一点也不的，极小的。由下文“你能说清楚一些吗？”可推知前面“我没有弄懂你说的意思”，故D项正确。

12.单选题

Sheisvery（

）aboutherappearance.Halfofhersalarygoestoclothes.

问题1选项

A.particular

B.peculiar

C.special

D.unusual

【答案】A

【解析】particularabout为固定短语搭配，意为“对...挑剔，过分讲究的”。这里指她对自己的外表很讲究。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

______hispioneeringworkinthelate1930’s,EarlHineshasbeencalledthefatherofmodernjazzpiano.

问题1选项

A.Asaresultof

B.Insupportof

C.Intheinterestof

D.Forthesakeof

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项asaresultof“因此，由于；作为……的结果”；B选项insupportof“支持；以便支持；为了支持；拥护”；C选项intheinterestof“为了……的利益；符合……的利益；为了……的好处”；D选项forthesakeof“出于对……的缘故/为了……起见”。句意：由于他在20世纪30年代后期的开创性工作，厄尔•海恩斯被称为现代爵士钢琴之父。因此A选项正确。

14.单选题

Itisimpossibleforusto（）suchadifficulttaskwithinthelimitedtime.

问题1选项

A.fuel

B.frown

C.fulfill

D.frost

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fuel“供以燃料，推动”。B选项frown“皱眉，不同意”。C选项fulfill“履行，完成”。D选项frost“结霜，冻坏”。句意：我们不可能在有限的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。因此C选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Wetriedtonegotiatebuttheywereadamant.

问题1选项

A.disagreeable

B.confident

C.hostile

D.unyielding

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disagreeable不愉快的，厌恶的，脾气坏的B.confident自信的，确定的

C.hostile敌对的，敌意的D.unyielding不屈的，坚强的，坚定的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】由but可知，前后句意为转折，前面提到“我们试图谈判”，所以推断adamant表示“态度坚决”。因此，D选项词义与划线部分单词含义最为接近，故本题正确答案为D选项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项与划线单词的意思不符合。

【句意】我们试图谈判，但他们态度坚决。

16.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

问题1选项

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意为“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原来只是一个小型家庭聚会，我们没必要打扮得这么正式。

17.翻译题

Directions:TranslatetheunderlinedpartofthefollowingtextintoEnglish.Writeyourtranslationontheanswersheet.

叫我最难忘的是燕园的小路。

无论从哪个校门走进来，大大小小笔直或者蜿蜒的路，都会把你引到湛蓝清澈的未名湖畔。碧绿的垂柳和橙黄的小路镶嵌的一池湖水，就像一只盛满了佳酿的酒杯，送到你面前，尽你领略它的慷慨与盛情。只要你在湖边小路上眺望—会儿，一种宁静的美就会流进心中。

常常是黄昏或者夜晚。丢了一天的疲倦和纷扰，我漫步在未名湖边的小路上。明灭闪烁的路灯撒下朦朦胧胧的光晕，如雾似雨。摇曳的树影和轻轻的晚风，送来花的清香。间或有数点草虫的鸣叫，一缕缕年轻人的笑语和歌声，飘到小路上来，与湖面上倒映的灯火，暗蓝的树影，天上的星光，一抹晚霞或一钩淡淡的新月，辉映成有声有色的图景。真像是一首诗，一首写不尽读不完的诗。

【答案】【参考译文】

Oftenatduskornight,IrambledalongthepathsofWeiMingLake,forgettingthewholeday’stroubleandweariness.Theflickeringlampscastahazyshadow,likethemistortherain.Theswayingshadowsoftreesandthesoftnightwindaccompaniedthefloweraroma.Occasionally,thetweetingofinsects,thelaughterandsingingofteenagerswaftedtothepaths.Thentheyformedanimpressivepicturewiththelamplightreflectedinthelake,darkbluetreeshadows,starsinthesky,andtheaftergloworthecrescentmoon.Itisreallylikeapoem,anendlesspoem.

18.单选题

Shedecidedto____inthehistorycourseatthelocaleveningschool.

问题1选项

A.enter

B.enroll

C.attend

D.register

【答案】B

【解析】

【选项释义】

A.enter进来；进去B.enroll登记；报名

C.attend出席；参加D.register登记；注册

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：她决定在当地的夜校……历史课。根据句意，可以推测她应该是在当地的夜校报名上历史课。因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A选项enter“进来；进去”，指进入或进入某事物，不符合语境；

C选项attend“出席；参加”，指出席某一事件，不符合语境；

D选项register“登记；注册”，指把你/某人/某物的名字记在正式的名单上，不符合语境。

【句意】她决定报名当地夜校的历史课程。

19.单选题

Allpartsofthissewingmachineare（

）sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.

问题1选项

A.mechanized

B.minimized

C.modernized

D.standardized

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。

由itisverysimpletogetreplacements（替换很简单）可推测Allpartsofthissewingmachine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。

句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的——所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。

20.单选题

Largeanimalsthatinhabitthedeserthaveevolvedanumberofadaptationsforreducingtheeffectsofextremeheat.Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays.Desertmammalsalsodepartfromthenormalmammalianpracticeofmaintainingaconstantbodytemperature.Insteadoftryingtokeepdownthebodytemperaturedeepinsidethebody,whichwouldinvolvetheexpenditureofwaterandenergy,desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight,andtemperaturesashighas46degreesCelsiushavebeenmeasuredinGrant’sgazelles.Theoverheatedbodythencoolsdownduringthecolddesertnight,andindeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel.Thisisanadvantagesincetheheatofthefirstfewhoursofdaylightisabsorbedinwarmingupthebody,andanexcessivebuildupofheatdoesnotbeginuntilwellintotheday.

Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals.Thecamelcanloseupto30percentofitsbodyweightaswaterwithoutharmtoitself,whereashumanbeingsdieafterlosingonly12to13percentoftheirbodyweight.Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink.Desertanimalscandrinkhugevolumesinashorttime,andcamelshavebeenknowntoimbibe（吸收）over100litersinafewminutes.Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication.Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert，asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures.Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated.Itisacommonexperienceinpeoplethatappetiteislostevenunderconditionsofmoderatethirst.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whylightincolorisimportanttolargeanimalsindeserts?

3.Whatwillbefataltonon-adaptedanimals?

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdesert-adaptedmammals?

5.WhatisthefollowingstrategyNOTmentionedbytheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Animalsdevelopeddifferentstrategiestosurvive.

B.Largeanimalscantakestrategiestoreducetheeffectofextremeheat

C.Animalscantoleratethelossofbodywater.

D.Averydehydratedpersoncandrinkenoughwatertorehydrate

问题2选项

A.Ithelpedthemmaintainaconstantnormalbodytemperature.

B.Itreflectsratherthanabsorbsthesun-light

C.Ithelpsthemseetheirpeersatnight

D.Ithelpsthemkeepcoolduringthenight

问题3选项

A.Keepinganormalbodytemperature

B.Drinkingpollutedwater

C.Drinkinghugevolumesofwaterinashorttime

D.Feedingwhendehydrated

问题4选项

A.Theydonotneedtoeatmuchfood.

B.Theycaneatlargequantitiesquickly

C.Theyeasilylosetheirappetites

D.Theycantravellongdistanceslookingforfood.

问题5选项

A.Thebodytemperaturecanbeextremelyhighandcold

B.Toleratethelossofbodywaterandreplenishitimmediately

C.Lostappetiteundertheconditionofmoderatethirsty

D.Tobelightincolor

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要内容是：为了降低酷热的影响，生活在沙漠中的大型动物已经进化来适应这种环境，如：颜色变浅，调节体温，忍受身体水分丧失等。因此，A项“动物发展出不同的生存策略”符合文章大意。

第2题:细节事实题。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一种适应是让自己颜色变浅，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。由此可知，浅色对沙漠中的大型动物很重要，是因为浅色反射太阳光。故选B项。

第3题:细节事实题。第二段指出：Averydehydratedperson,ontheotherhand,cannotdrinkenoughwatertorehydrateatonesession,becausethehumanstomachisnotsufficientlybigandbecauseatoorapiddilutionofthebodyfluidscausesdeathfromwaterintoxication（另一方面，一个极度脱水的人，不能一次性地喝大量的水来补充所缺水分，因为人的胃不够大，而且体液的迅速稀释会导致水中毒而引起死亡）。因此，C项“短时间饮大量的水”正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:它们不需要吃很多食物。B:它们可以快速地大量进食。A项与B项在文中并未被提及。C:它们很容易失去食欲。第二段指出：Desert-adaptedmammalshavethefurtherabilitytofeednormallywhenextremelydehydrated（适应沙漠的哺乳动物还有在极度脱水时正常进食的能力）。因此C项不符合原文所述。D:它们可以长途跋涉寻找食物。第二段指出：Thetoleranceofwaterlossisofobviousadvantageinthedesert,asanimalsdonothavetoremainnearawaterholebutcanobtainfoodfromgrazingsparsepastures（在沙漠中，能够忍受水分流失是一个明显的优势，这样动物不必待在水源附近，而是可以从广阔的牧场获得食物）。由此可知，能忍受水分流失的动物能长途跋涉来喂饱自己。因此D项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。A:体温可以非常高和低。第一段指出：desertmammalsallowtheirtemperaturestorisetowhatwouldnormallybefeverheight（沙漠哺乳动物允许它们的体温上升到一般认为发烧的温度），以及：indeedthetemperaturemayfallunusuallylowbydawn,aslowas34degreesCelsiusinthecamel（事实上，到黎明时分，气温会降得异常低，骆驼体内的温度会低到34摄氏度）。因此A项有被提及。B:忍受体内水分的流失，并立即补充水分。第二段指出：Anotherstrategyoflargedesertanimalsistotoleratethelossofbodywatertoapointthatwouldbefatalfornon-adaptedanimals（大型沙漠动物的另一种策略是忍受体内水分的流失，这种流失对那些还没有适应环境的动物来说是致命的）,以及：Anequallyimportantadaptationistheabilitytoreplenishthiswaterlossatonedrink（一种同样重要的适应能力是在一次饮水中补充损失的水分）。因此B项有被提及。C:中度口渴的情况下没有食欲。D:颜色变浅。第一段指出：Oneadaptationistobelightincolor,andtoreflectratherthanabsorbthesun’srays（一种进化是让自己变成浅色，反射而不是吸收太阳光线）。因此D项也有被提及。四个选项中，只有C项不是沙漠动物为适应环境形成的进化，故选C。

21.单选题

Theprofessorknowshissubject,buthehastrouble（

）hisideasacrosstothestudents.

问题1选项

A.getting

B.making

C.setting

D.forming

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。getacross通过，使……被理解；句意：这个教授知道他的主题，但他很难使自己的观点被学生理解。

22.单选题

Theterm“remotesensing”referstothetechniquesofmeasurementandinterpretation

ofphenomenafromadistance.Priortothemid-1960’stheinterpretationoffilmimageswastheprimarymeansforremotesensingoftheEarth’sgeologicfeatures.Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scientistsbegantoconstructdigitalmultispectralimagesusingdatabeyondthesensitivityrangeofvisiblelightphotography.Theseimagesareconstructedbymechanicallyaligningpictorialrepresentationsofsuchphenomenaasthereflectionoflightwavesoutsidethevisiblespectrum,therefractionofradiowaves,andthedailychangesintemperatureinareasontheEarth’ssurface.Digitalmultispectralimaginghasnowbecomethebasictoolingeologicremotesensingfromsatellites.

Theadvantageofdigitaloverphotographicimagingisevident:theresultingnumericaldataarepreciselyknown,anddigitaldataarenotsubjecttothevagariesofdifficult-to-controlchemicalprocessing.Withdigitalprocessing,itispossibletocombinealargenumberofspectralimages.Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner(MSS)aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.LandsatMSSdataarenowbeingappliedtoavarietyofgeologicproblemsthataredifficulttosolvebyconventionalmethodsalone.Theseincludespecificproblemsinmineralandenergyresourceexplorationandthechartingofglaciersandshallowseas.

Amorefundamentalapplicationofremotesensingistoaugmentconventionalmethodsforgeologicmappingoflargeareas.Regionalmapspresentcompositional,structural,andchronologicalinformationforreconstructinggeologicevolution.Suchreconstructionshaveimportantpracticalapplicationsbecausetheconditionsunderwhichrockunitsandotherstructuralfeaturesareformedinfluencetheoccurrenceoforeandpetroleumdepositsandaffectthethicknessandintegrityofthegeologicmediainwhichthedepositsarefound.

Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources.Withremote-sensingtechniquesitispossibletoobtainmuchgeologicinformationmoreefficientlythanitcanbeobtainedontheground.Thesetechniquesalsofacilitateoverallinterpretation.Sincedetailedgeologicmappingisgenerallyconductedinsmallarea,thecontinuityofregionalfeaturesthathaveintermittentandvariableexpressionsisoftennotrecognized,butinthecomprehensiveviewsofLandsatimagesthesecontinuitiesareapparent.However,somecriticalinformationcannotbeobtainedthroughremotesensing,andseveralcharacteristicsoftheLandsatMSSimposelimitationsontheacquisitionofdiagnosticdata.Someoftheselimitationscanbeovercomebydesigningsatellitesystemsspecificallyforgeologicpurposes;buttobemosteffective,remote-sensingdatamuststillbecombinedwithdatafromfieldsurveysandlaboratorytests,thetechniquesoftheearliertwentiethcentury.

1.Byusingtheword“interpretative”inline32.Theauthorisindicatingwhichofthefollowing?

2.Withwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutgeologicmappingwouldtheauthorbemostlikelytoagree?

3.Accordingtothepassage,measurementsofwhichofthefollowingcanbeprovidedbytheoptomechanicalscannerbutnotbyvisible-lightphotography?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatamajordisadvantageofphotographicimagingingeologicmappingisthatsuchphotography.

5.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatLandsatimagesdifferfromconventionalgeologicmapsinthatLandsatimages.

6.ThepassageprovidesinformationabouteachofthefollowingtopicsEXCEPT（

）.

7.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthe“conventionalmethods”mentionedinline24?

问题1选项

A.Somemapsarebasedmoreondatafromaerialphotographythanondatafromfieldoperations.

B.Somemapsarebasedalmostexclusivelyonlaboratorymeasurements

C.Somemapsarebasedonincompletedatafromfieldobservations.

D.Somemapsshowonlylargegeologicfeatures.

问题2选项

A.Geologicmappingisbasicallyanartandnotascience.

B.Geologicmappinghasnotchangedsignificantlysincetheearly1960’s

C.Geologicmappingwillhavelimitedpracticalapplicationsuntilremote-sensingsystemsareperfected.

D.Adevelopmentalmilestoneingeologicmappingwasreachedin1972.

问题3选项

A.Theamountofvisiblelightreflectedfromoceans.

B.ThedensityoffoliageinremoteareasontheEarth’ssurface.

C.DailytemperaturechangesofareasontheEarth’ssurface.

D.ThedegreeofradioactivityemittedbyexposedrocksontheEarth’ssurface.

问题4选项

A.cannotbeusedatnight.

B.cannotfocusonthedetailsofageologicarea.

C.mustbechemicallyprocessed.

D.isalwaysenhancedbydigitalreconstruction.

问题5选项

A.revealtheexactsizeofpetroleumdepositsandoredeposits.

B.indicatethecontinuityoffeaturesthatmightnototherwisebeinterpretedascontinuous.

C.predictthemovementsofglaciers.

D.providehighlyaccuratedataabouttheoccurrenceofmineraldeposits.

问题6选项

A.theprincipalmethodofgeologicremotesensingpriortothemid-1960*s

B.someofthephenomenameasuredbydigitalmultispectralimagesinremotesensing.

C.someofthepracticalusesofregionalgeologicmaps.

D.thespecificlimitationsoftheLandsatmultispectralscanner.

问题7选项

A.Theyconsistprimarilyoffieldsurveysandlaboratorymeasurements.

B.Theyarenotusefulinprovidinginformationnecessaryforreconstructinggeologicevolution.

C.Theyhaverarelybeenusedbygeologistssince1972.

D.Theyareusedprimarilytogathercompositionalinformationaboutgeologicfeatures.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:A

【解析】1.根据文章第四段：Geologicmapsincorporatealarge,variedbodyofspecificfieldandlaboratorymeasurements,butthemapsmustbeinterpretativebecausefieldmeasurementsarealwayslimitedbyrockexposure,accessibilityandlaborresources—地质图采集了数量繁多、形形色的一整套具体的实地测量和实验室测量数据，但是因为实地测量受到岩石裸露、可到达程度以及人力资源的限制，所以这一地质图必须进行分析。确定C选项‘一些地图的数据是来源于实地观察的不完整地数据’正确。

2.根据文章第二段：Theacquisitionofthefirstmultispectraldigitaldatasetfromthemultispectralscanner（MSS）aboardthesatelliteLandsatin1972consequentlyattractedtheattentionoftheentiregeologiccommunity.1972年，安装在Landsat卫星上的多谱线扫描仪传送出来的首批多谱线的数字数据，吸引了整个地学界的注意。确定D选项‘1972年成为地质制图发展的里程碑’正确。

3.根据文章第一段：Withthedevelopmentoftheoptomechanicalscanner,scie