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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东理工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China?India!Brazil?Howabouttrade?

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere’sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade—moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates—isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogisticshaveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM’sbalancesheetandhencemakestheJobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’vebeenthrough.Butthere’sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndiaorBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit’snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

1.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

3.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

4.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

5.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?

问题1选项

A.ItreflectsAmerican’spreferenceforimportedgoods.

B.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

C.ItistheresultofAmerican’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D.Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

问题2选项

A.ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased

B.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.

C.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.

D.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.

B.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.

C.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

D.Retailerdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

问题4选项

A.Competitionfromoverseas.

B.People’sreluctancetospend

C.Slacktradeactivities

D.Decreasingproductivity

问题5选项

A.Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

C.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.

D.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段最后一句,“Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.”,可知悲观主义者认为,如果这种失衡继续下去,可能会导致经济增长放缓。可判断出悲观主义者认为美国6月份的贸易逆差导致国民经济增长放缓。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第二句,“Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.”,可知过去两年,进出口数据似乎没有显示出二次衰退的迹象,即美国经济活动水平的再次下降,而数据显示是经济扩张。可判断出对于两年的贸易数据,表明美国的经济活动有所增加。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段,“Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.”,可知对那些从事贸易行业的人来说,贸易上涨也是一个好消息,尤其是那些生产大宗商品,这些商品的价格由全球的需求多决定,如农产品、矿业、金属和石油。可判断出,贸易上涨最受益的是农产品和原材料生产者。因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第一二句,“OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.”,可知美国经济面临的一个巨大挑战是国内消费需求疲软。美国人正在偿还债务,增加储蓄,从而更加谨慎地消费。可判断出美国经济面临的最大的挑战是人们不愿意消费。因此选项B符合题意。

5.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段,“Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.”,可知作者提出那些没有增加、没有更多参与国外市场、没有在全球贸易中发挥作用的公司和个人,正在把自己推离于世界经济机会的最大份额之外。可判断出作者是建议公司和个人更多参与国外市场和国际贸易,以此来增加海外的市场份额。因此选项C符合题意。

2.单选题

NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom(

)onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.

问题1选项

A.configuration

B.constitution

C.condemnation

D.contamination

【答案】D

【解析】考察名词词义辨析。Configuration“布置,结构”;constitution“建立,组成,宪法”;condemnation“谴责”;contamination“污染,玷污;污染物”。句意:最近在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇文章认为,岩层大部分有有机化学物质来自于地球上的污染而不是火星上的细菌。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

Someanthropologistsclaimthatafewapeshavebeentaughtarudimentarysignlanguages,butskepticsarguethattheapesareonly______theirtrainers.

问题1选项

A.imitating

B.condoning

C.instructing

D.acknowledging

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。imitate“模仿,效仿”;condone“宽恕”;instruct“指导,命令”;acknowledge“承认,答谢”。句意:一些人类学家声称,一些类人猿已经学会了基本的手语,但是疑论者认为这些类人猿只是模仿他们的训练员。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Anexplosionisreallyasuddenincreaseinvolume______.

问题1选项

A.causedbyrapidburning

B.andcausebyrapidburning

C.causingitsburningtoberapid

D.rapidburningcausesit

【答案】A

【解析】考查语法和句意。A项用cause的被动语态连接原因,作为后置定语修饰volume符合题意;根据题干与选项我们可以知道爆炸中的巨大声响是由快速燃烧引起的,所以不能选择C项;B项是被动语态,cause应该用过去分词,故排除;D项是一个完整的表示原因的从句,但是缺少连接词,所以不对。句意:爆炸实际上是由快速燃烧引起的体积的突然增加。因此,该题正确答案为A。

5.单选题

Ifyouweretobeginanewjobtomorrow,youwouldbringwithyousomebasicstrengthsandweaknesses.Successor(1)inyourworkwoulddepend,to

(2)

greatextent,

(3)

yourabilitytouseyourstrengthsandweaknessestothebestadvantage.(4)theutmostimportanceisyourattitude.Apersonwhobeginsajob

(5)

thatheisn’tgoingtolikeitoris

(6)

thatheisgoingtoallisexhibitingaweaknesswhichcanonlyhinderhissuccess.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoissecureinhis

(7)

thatheisprobablyascapable

(8)doingtheworkasanyoneelseandwhoiswillingtomakeacheerfulattemptasit

(9)

acertainstrengthofpurpose.Thechancesarethathewilldowell.Havingthe

(10)

skillsforaparticularjobisstrength.

(11)

thoseskillsisobviouslyaweakness.Abookkeeperwhocan’t

(12)

racarpenterwhocan'tcutastraightlinewithasawishopelesscases.Thisbookhasbeendesignedtohelpyoucapitalize

(13)

thestrengthandovercomethe

(14)

thatyoubringtothejoboflearning.Butforyour

(15)

,youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow.

(16)

wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe

(17)

insomedetailwithspecificprocessesfordevelopingandstrengthening

(18)

kills.However,tobeginwith,youshouldpauseto

(19)

yourpresentstrengthsandweaknessesinthreeareasthatarecriticaltoyoursuccessorfailureinschool:your

(20),yourreadingandcommunicationskills,andyourstudyhabits.

问题1选项

A.improvement

B.victory

C.failure

D.achievement

问题2选项

A.a

B.the

C.som

D.certain

问题3选项

A.in

B.on

C.of

D.to

问题4选项

A.In

B.Of

C.From

D.Out

问题5选项

A.convinced

B.imagined

C.understood

D.dreamed

问题6选项

A.ensure

B.sure

C.uncertain

D.surely

问题7选项

A.understanding

B.subject

C.idea

D.belief

问题8选项

A.to

B.at

C.of

D.for

问题9选项

A.risks

B.makes

C.reduces

D.possesses

问题10选项

A.prerequisite

B.educational

C.manual

D.basic

问题11选项

A.Having

B.Holding

C.Lacking

D.Loosing

问题12选项

A.read

B.think

C.write

D.add

问题13选项

A.except

B.but

C.for

D.on

问题14选项

A.difficulty

B.weakness

C.strength

D.advantage

问题15选项

A.fortune

B.development

C.luck

D.loan

问题16选项

A.As

B.Since

C.Over

D.Out

问题17选项

A.calculating

B.moving

C.drilling

D.dealing

问题18选项

A.typing

B.working

C.learning

D.emailing

问题19选项

A.examine

B.throw

C.calculate

D.value

问题20选项

A.intelligence

B.work

C.attitude

D.weakness

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:C

第12题:D

第13题:D

第14题:B

第15题:B

第16题:A

第17题:D

第18题:C

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】(1)考查逻辑关系。此处的Successor46与后面的yourstrengthsandweaknesses(优势和劣势)相对应,success(成功)对应的词是failure(失败),因此选C。

(2)考查固定搭配。toagreatextent为固定搭配,意为“很大程度上,非常”。

(3)考查固定搭配。此处可将“toagreatextent”看作一个插入语,dependon为固定搭配,意为“依赖,依靠”。

(4)考查介词辨析。of与名词连用,表示具有某种性质,状态,位于句首,表示强调。正常语序为:Yourattitudeisoftheutmostimportance.(beof+名词)

(5)考查动词辨析。convince意为“使确信,使相信”;imagine意为“想象,设想”;understand意为“理解”;dream意为“梦想”。此处表示“如果一个人刚开始工作的人就确信自己不会喜欢……”。

(6)考查固定搭配。or后面省略了主语he,besurethat后面加从句,此处表示“或肯定不适应这项工作”。

(7)考查固定搭配。inone’sbelief为固定搭配,意为“相信”。

(8)考查固定搭配。capableofdoing为固定搭配,意为“有能力做某事,能够做某事”。

(9)考查动词辨析。risk意为“危险,冒险”;make意为“做”;reduce意为“减少”;possess意为“拥有,具有”。

(10)考查形容词辨析。prerequisite意为“先决条件,前提”;educational意为“教育的”;意为“手工的,体力的”;basic意为“基本的”。此处表示“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”。

(11)考查逻辑关系。由前句的“拥有某项工作的必要技能是一个优势”可知此处表示“____这些技能显然是一个弱势”,having(拥有)与lacking(缺少)相对应,因此选C。

(12)考查逻辑关系。此处列举一些职业需要相对应的技能,因此主语bookkeeper(记账人,簿记员)需要会运算相关方面的能力,因此选D,add意为“加法”。

(13)考查固定搭配。capitalizeon意为“充分利用某事物”。

(14)考查逻辑关系。由前面的“利用优势”可知此处表示“克服缺点”,因此选B。

(15)考查逻辑关系。根据后面的“你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境”可知此处表示“但为了你的发展”更符合语意,因此选B,development意为“发展,进步”。

(16)考查连词。分析句子结构,可知“61wegetfurtheralonginthebook,we'llbe...”为两个简单句,需要有连词连接,over与out不是连词,since作连词,意为“从……以后,由于,既然”,as作连词,意为“随着,由于”,此处表示“随着更深入的阅读”,因此选A。

(17)考查动词辨析。calculate意为“计算”;move意为“移动,搬动”;drill意为“训练,演习”;deal意为“处理,涉及,论述”。此处表示“我们将更详细论述发展和加强学习技能的具体过程”,因此选D。

(18)考查动词关系。此处表示“学习技能”,因此选C。

(19)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的youmustfirsttakestockofwhereyoustandnow(你必须首先评估一下你现在的处境)可知此处表示“检测你现在的优势和劣势”,因此选A,examine意为“检查,调查”。

(20)考查逻辑关系。根据前面的“49theutmostimportanceisyourattitude”可知此处选C,与文章前面的内容相呼应。

6.单选题

Idaresayheisnotyourtruefriend,becauseatruefriend______differentlywhenyouwereintrouble.

问题1选项

A.acted

B.hadacted

C.wouldact

D.wouldhaveacted

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法结构。句子中when引导条件状语从句,表示虚拟语气。根据从句中的谓语动词were可判断这是一个与过去事实相反的假设,那么空格处应该用过去将来完成时,故D项符合结构。句意:我敢说他不是你真正的朋友,因为一个真正的朋友会在你遇到困难时采取不同的行动。因此,该题选择D项正确。

7.单选题

Inanageofperpetualdigitalconnectedness,whydopeopleseemsodisconnected?InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.

Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.

It’spossiblethatinsteadoffosteringrealfriendshipsoff-line,e-mailandsocialnetworkingmaytaketheplaceofthem—andthedistanceinherentinscreen-onlyinteractionsmaybreedfeelingsofisolationoratendencytocarelessaboutotherpeople.Afterall,ifyoudon’tfeellikedealingwithafriend’sproblemonline,allyouhavetodoistologoff.

Theproblemis,asempathywanes,sodoestrust.Andwithouttrust,youcan’thaveacohesivesociety.Considerthefindingsofanewstudyco-authoredbyKevinRockmannofGeorgeMasonUniversityandGregoryNorthcraftattheUniversityofIllinoiswhospecializesinworkplacecollaboration.Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“leancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.Inabusinesssetting—asinallothersocialrelationshipsoutsidetheworkplace—trustisanecessaryconditionforeffectivecooperationwithinagroup.“Technologyhasmadeusmuchmoreefficientbutmuchlesseffective,”saidNorthcraftinastatement.“Somethingisbeinggained,butsomethingisbeinglost.Thesomethinggainedistime,andthesomethinglostisthequalityofrelationships.Andqualityofrelationshipsmatters.”

InRockmannandNorthcraft’sstudy,200studentsweredividedintoteamsandaskedtomanagetwocomplicatedprojects:onehavingtodowithnucleardisarmament;theother,pricefixing.Somegroupscommunicatedviae-mail,someviavideo-conferenceandothersfacetoface.Intheend,thosewhometinpersonshowedthemosttrustandmosteffectivecooperation;thoseusinge-mailweretheleastabletoworktogetherandgetthejobdone.

Northcraftthinksthisisbecausereal-lifemeetings,duringwhichparticipantscanseehowengagedtheircolleaguesare,breedmoretrust.Overe-mail,meanwhile,confirmationofhardworkgetslost,whichtendstoencouragemutualslackingoff.

17.ThestudyofinterpersonalrelationshipsbyDukeUniversityrevealsthat().

18.Thereasonwhypeoplefeelisolatedandbecomelessempatheticisthat().

19.Accordingtothepassage,the“leancommunication”().

20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?

问题1选项

A.peoplebecomeshyerandtimiderthanbefore

B.peopletendtobelesscompassionatethanbefore

C.peoplemayfeelmoreisolatedthanbefore

D.peopleprefercommunicatingwithothersonline

问题2选项

A.itisverychallengingtofosterafriendshipinreallife

B.theyhavemoreopportunitiestogettoknownewpeople

C.digitalcommunicationisreplacingreal-lifefriendships

D.itiseasytoescapefromhelpingtheirfriendsiftheylike

问题3选项

A.makesusworkmoreeffectively

B.lacksnon-verbalinteraction

C.helpspeopletodeveloptrust

D.facilitatesworkplacecooperation

问题4选项

A.Digitalcommunicationishurtingpersonalrelationship.

B.Onlinenetworkingmaytaketheplaceofofflinerelationship.

C.Newmediacontributelesstofosteringrealfriendship.

D.Real-lifemeetingscanbreedtrustamongstudents.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】17.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句InaDukeUniversitystudy,researchersfoundthatfrom1985to2004,thepercentageofpeoplewhosaidtherewasnoonewithwhomtheydiscussedimportantmatterstripled,to25%;thesamestudyfoundthatoverall,Americanshadone-thirdfewerfriendsandconfidantsthantheydiddecadesago.(在杜克大学的一项研究中,研究人员发现,从1985年到2004年,说找不到可以一起讨论重要事情的人的比例增加了两倍,达到25%;同样的研究发现,总体而言,美国人的朋友和知己比几十年前少了三分之一。),说明杜克大学的研究发现和以前相比,人们的朋友更少,更孤立。因此C选项“人们可能会感到比以前更加孤立”正确。A选项“人们会变得比以前更害羞、更胆小”,B选项“人们的同情心往往不如以前了”,D选项“人们更喜欢在网上与人交流”均不属于杜克大学的研究发现内容,所以A,B,D错误。

18.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Anotherrecentstudy,byresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,foundthatcollegestudentstodayhavesignificantlylessempathythanstudentsofgenerationspastdid.Thereason,psychologistsspeculate,mayhavesomethingtodowithourincreasingrelianceondigitalcommunicationandotherformsofnewmedia.(密歇根大学的研究人员最近进行的另一项研究发现,与上一代人相比,如今的大学生明显缺乏同情心。心理学家推测,原因可能与我们越来越依赖数字交流和其他形式的新媒体有关。),说明人们变得缺乏同情心的原因是越来越依赖线上交流。因此C选项“数字交流正在取代现实生活中的朋友关系”正确。A选项“在现实生活中培养友谊是非常具有挑战性的事情”,B选项“他们有更多的机会认识新朋友”,D选项“如果他们想的话,可以轻松逃避帮助朋友”均不符合题意,所以A,B,D错误。

19.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词“leancommunication”可以定位到文章第四段第四句Northcraftsayshigh-techcommunicationslikee-mailand(toalesserextent)videoconferencing—whicharesometimesknownas“leancommunication”becausetheyhavefewercueslikeeyecontactandpostureforpeopletorelyon—stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust.(诺斯克拉夫特说,像电子邮件和视频会议这样的高科技沟通方式,有时被认为是“低效沟通”,因为它们很少有眼神交流和人们可以依赖的姿势等线索,它们剥夺了培养信任所需的人际互动。),说明“低效沟通”意味着缺乏眼神交流和肢体语言,即缺乏人与人之间的交流与互动。因此B选项“缺乏非语言互动”正确。A选项“使我们的工作更有效率”,由原文可知,作者并不认为科技能使我们工作更加有效,所以A错误。C选项“有助于人们建立信任”,原文说到stripawaythepersonalinteractionneededtobreedtrust(剥夺了人们培养信任所必需的人与人之间的互动),说明“低效沟通”并不能加强信任,所以C错误。D选项“促进职场合作”,由原文可知,科技让人失去了人际关系的品质,通过电子邮件等高科技通讯手段交流的小组在合作以及完成任务方面表现得是最差的,说明“低效沟通”不能促进职场合作,所以D错误。

20.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章首先介绍了研究表明线上交流会让人感觉更孤单、缺乏同情心,接着又介绍了线上交流不利于职场合作,并举出具体的例子来证明这一点。由此可知本文的主题是线上交流会危害人际关系。因此A选项“数字交流正在伤害人际关系”正确。B选项“线上网络可能会取代线下关系的地位”,C选项“新媒体对培养真正的友情贡献较小”,D选项“现实生活中的见面可以培养学生之间的信任”均不能完整地概括本文的主旨,所以B,C,D错误。

8.单选题

Manyecologistsbelievethatraisingrareanimalspeciesinprotectedenvironmentwill(

thedeclineofendangeredwildlife.

问题1选项

A.curb

B.foster

C.inhibit

D.shortens

【答案】A

【解析】curb控制;foster培养;inhibit抑制,禁止;shorten缩短,减少。句意:许多生态学家认为,在环境保护区内饲养珍稀动物将遏制濒危野生动物的减少。选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

Heopenedhislipsasif()something.

问题1选项

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引导从句,结构是“主语+系动词”,并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是:heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略,所以选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Hehasbeenlefttosquirminamireofnewallegations.

问题1选项

A.quagmire

B.moraine

C.plumed

D.fragmire

【答案】A

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项quagmire“沼泽,泥泞地;困境,尴尬的处境”;B选项moraine“冰碛石”;C选项plumed“(adj)有羽毛的;羽毛状的;用羽毛装饰的”;D选项fragmire无实际意义。句意:他陷入了新的指控的泥沼中。mire“泥潭;泥沼”,与该词意思最相近的是A选项,因此A选项正确。

11.单选题

Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.Butplantscanmovewatermuchhigher:thesequoiatreecanpumpwatertoitsverytop,morethan100metersabovetheground.Untiltheendofthenineteenthcentury,themovementofwaterintreesandothertallplantswasamystery.Somebotanistshypothesizedthatthelivingcellsofplantsactedaspumps.Butmanyexperimentsdemonstratedthatthesteinsofplantsinwhichallthecellsarekilledcanstillmovewatertoappreciableheights.Otherexplanationsforthemovementofwaterinplantshavebeenbasedonrootpressure,apushonthewaterfromtherootsatthebottomoftheplant.Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.

Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.Aswaterislostfromthesurfaceoftheleaves,anegativepressure,ortension,iscreated.Theevaporatedwaterisreplacedbywatermovingfrominsidetheplantinunbrokencolumnsthatextendfromthetopofaplanttoitsroots.Thesameforcesthatcreatesurfacetensioninanysampleofwaterareresponsibleforthemaintenanceoftheseunbrokencolumnsofwater.Whenwaterisconfinedintubesofverysmallbore,theforcesofcohesion(theattractionbetweenwatermolecules)aresogreatthatthestrengthofacolumnofwatercompareswiththestrengthofasteelwireofthesamediameter.Thiscohesivestrengthpermitscolumnsofwatertobepulledtogreatheightswithoutbeingbroken.

1.Howmanytheoriesdoestheauthormention?

2.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

3.Howbotanistsknowthatrootpressureisnottheonlyforcethatmoveswaterinplants?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport?

5.Whatcausesthetensionthatdrawswaterupaplant?

问题1选项

A.OneC.Three

B.C.ThreeB.

C.ThreeB.Two

D.Four

问题2选项

A.Whatistheeffectofatmosphericpressureonfoliage?

B.Whendodeadcellsharmplantgrowth?

C.Howdoeswatergettothetopsoftrees?

D.Whyisrootpressureweak?

问题3选项

A.Someverytalltreeshaveweakrootpressure.

B.Rootpressuresdecreaseinwinter.

C.Plantscanliveaftertheirrootsdie.

D.Waterinaplant’srootsisnotconnectedtowaterinitsstem.

问题4选项

A.Waterispushedtothetopsoftrees.

B.Botanistshaveproventhatlivingcellsactaspumps.

C.Atmosphericpressuredrawswatertothetopsoftalltrees.

D.Botanistshavechangedtheirtheoriesofhowwatermovesinplants.

问题5选项

A.Humidity

B.Plantgrowth

C.Rootpressure

D.Evaporation

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Accordingtothecurrentlyacceptedcohesion-tensiontheory,waterispulledthere.(根据目前公认的内聚力张力理论,水是被拉到那里的。)”,全文就只提及这一种理论,因此A选项正确。

2.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Ifwaterisnotpumpedtothetopofatalltree,andifitisnotpushedtothetopofatalltree,thenwemayask:Howdoesitgetthere?(如果水不是被抽到高树的树顶,也不是被推到树顶,那么我们会问:它是怎么到树顶的?)”,由此可知全文是围绕水是怎么被送到树顶描写的。A选项“大气压力对树叶有什么影响?”;B选项“死细胞什么时候会损害植物生长?”;C选项“水是如何到达树顶的?”;D选项“为什么根压弱?”。因此C选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Butrootpressureisnotnearlygreatenoughtopushwatertothetopsoftalltrees.Furthermore,theconifers,whichareamongthetallesttrees,haveunusuallylowrootpressures.(但是根系的压力还不足以把水推到高大的树顶。此外,针叶树是最高的树木之一,它们的根系压力非常低。)”,由此可知来自树根的压力不足以使水分运输到树顶,这其中肯定还有其他运输渠道存在。A选项“一些很高的树的根压很弱”;B选项“根系压力在冬季下降”;C选项“植物的根死后还能存活”;D选项“植物根中的水与茎中的水是不相连的”。因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段的第一句话“Atmosphericpressurecansupportacolumnofwaterupto10metershigh.(大气压可以支撑一个高达10米的水柱。)”,由此可知该篇文章支持大气压把水吸引到高高的树顶。A选项“水被推到树顶”;B选项“植物学家已经证明活细胞起到泵的作用”;C选项“大气压力把水吸引到高高的树顶”;D选项“植物学家已经改变了他们关于水在植物中移动的理论”。因此C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Thepullonarisingcolumnofwaterinaplantresultsfromtheevaporationofwateratthetopoftheplant.(植物中上升的水柱的拉力是植物顶部水分蒸发的结果。)”,由此可知是水分的蒸发使然。A选项“湿度”;B选项“植物的生长”;C选项“根压”;D选项“蒸发”。因此D选项正确。

12.单选题

Economicsinvolvesthestudyoftopicslikewealthandpoverty,moneyandbanks,incomes,taxes,prosperityanddepression,bigbusinessandlaborunions,andhundredsofothermattersthatintimatelyaffectthewaywelive.Economicforcessurroundourdailylives,influencinghoweasyorhowharditistogetajob,howmuchwecanearninourchosenoccupations,andhowmuchourpaycheckswillbuyafterwereceivethem.

Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsabouthowmuchtospendandforwhatpurposes,andhowmuchtoraiseintaxesandwhoshouldbetaxedaswellasintheirevaluationsoftheconsequencesofwar,peace,anddisarmament.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightshaveimportantconsequencesforallofusforboththosewhoarediscriminatedagainstandthosewhoarenot.Atastillmoregloballeveleconomicfactorsareinvolvedinbirth,health,death,populationgrowth,andthedynamicsofhistory.

Infact,probablywithoutexception,eachtopicineconomicsnotonlytouchessomewhereonyourownpersonallifebutisalsoimportanttosomecurrenteconomicproblemsofgovernmentonsocialpolicyandis,atthesametime,involvedinthelong-rangeconcernsofhumanhistory.

Thecommonthreadthatrunsthroughallofthesetopics,bindingthemtogetherintoacoherentbodyofstudy,isthatonewayoranothereachdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.Practicallynothingthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.Aloafofbreadistheendresultoflongseriesofoperationsthatbeginswithplantingandharvestinggrainandproceedsthroughmilling,baking,andshippingtothepointatwhichthehousewifecanpicktheloafoffthegrocer’sshelf.Thedriverfillinghistankataservicesstationistakingthefinalstepinalongchainofactivities:drillingoilwells,movingpetroleuminshipsandpipelines,chemicaltreatment,refiningandstorage.Thesameisgenerallytrueofallgoods.

Theprocessofbridgingthegapbetweentheoriginalresourcesofnatureandneedsofthefinalconsumerisproduction.Productionincludesanyactivitythatmakesgoodsandservicesavailabletopeople.Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.Doctors,lawyers,teachers,andbarbersareproductive,asareactors,musicians,entertainers,andotherswhoperformservicesforourbenefits.

1.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?

2.Wemayinferfromthecontextthattheword“encompass”(Line4,Paragraph5)means()

3.Accordingtothepassage,economicsisthestudyof()

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Economicfactorsinfluenceourdailylife.

B.Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisionsaboutsomepolicies.

C.Whatwestudyineconomicsishowgovernmentsinfluencetheuseofland,labor,capital,etc.

D.Theservicesofwholesalers,retailersandbankersareanimportantpartoftheproductiveprocess.

问题2选项

A.surround

B.enclose

C.encircle

D.include

问题3选项

A.productionandconsumption

B.government’spolicy

C.activitiesthatmakegoodsavailabletopeople

D.consequencesofwarandpeace.

问题4选项

A.Theservicesofdoctors,lawyersandteachersareunproductive.

B.Economicfactorsareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofhistory.

C.Allthatweeat,wear,orusecomestousdirectlyfromnature.

D.Jobdiscriminationandunequaleducationalopportunitieshaveimportantconsequencesonlyforthosewhoarediscriminatedagainst.

问题5选项

A.Urbanslums,jobdiscrimination,unequaleducationalopportunities,andcivilrightsareexcludedfromeconomicfactors.

B.Eachtopicineconomicsdealswiththewaysocietyproducesandusesgoodsandservices.

C.Governmentpoliciesdeterminethelinkbetweentheresourcesofnatureandneedsoftheconsumer.

D.Ahousewifecannotpickaloafofbreadoffthegrocer’sshelfunlessthereisagoodharvest.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“...affectthewaywelive.”对应选项A;第二段的第一句“Economicfactorsaremajorconcernsingovernment’sdecisions...”对应选项B;最后一段的第三句“Itisnotrestrictedtoworkontangiblephysicalcommodities,butencompassesservicesaswell.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。

2.词义题。根据

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