高中英语非谓语动词知识归纳总结（讲义）

高中英语非谓语动词知识归纳总结（讲义）·最新一、非谓语动词分类1、不定式(infinitive)Everyonewantstosucceed.2、分词(participle)Ifeltinspiredbythisinspiringspeech.3、动名词(gerund)Seeingisbelieving.二、语法功能之作主语（一）、可作主语的非谓语动词是不定式和动名词。例1Toactlikethatisfoolish.例2Walkingisgoodexercise.例3Whywereyousolateforworktoday?Drivingtotheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofthetraffic.（二）、下列句型用动名词作主语：Itisnogood(use)arguingwithyou.Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.语法功能之作表语（一）、可作表语的非谓语动词是不定式、动名词和分词。Myideaistoclimbthemountainfromthenorth.（不定式解释主语内容）Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.（动名词解释主语内容）Hisspeechisinspiring.（分词说明主语性质）Thepersonwasmovedbythestory.（二）、动名词和不定式作表语时，一般也无严格区别，但在表语是不定式的句子中，若主语也用非谓语形式，这时要用不定式；同样表语是动名词时，则主语要用动名词。Toseeistobelieve.Readingislearning,butapplying（运用）isalsolearningandmoreimportantkindoflearning.语法功能之作宾语1、不定式作宾语：下列动词必须用动词不定式作宾语。agree,decide,hope,manage,offer,demand，wouldlike(love)2、动名词作宾语1）下列动词必须带动名词结构作宾语：understand，appreciate，keep（on），practice，finish，imagine，miss，avoid，escape，suggest，resist，enjoy，delay，excuse，mindIcan’timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort.Inarrowlymissedbeingkilledinthecaraccident.2）有的词既可带动名词，亦可带不定式，且用法不尽相同。如：allowdoingallowsb.todo;advisedoing,advisesb.todo.encourageWedonotallowsmoking(talking)inthereadingroom.Wedonotallowyoutosmoke.3）下列短语必须带动名词结构作宾语。beworth,payattentionto,objectto,can’thelp,devoteoneselfto,putoff,be(get)usedto,how/whatabout,feellike,lookforwardto.4)下列动词可以用不定式作宾语，也可以用动名词作宾语，但有明显的语意差别。rememberdoingforgetdoingregretdoingmeandoingremembertodoforgettodoregrettodomeantodotrydoingtrytodo语法功能之作状语（一）、分词用作状语：表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随1.Notunderstandingitsmeaning,heaskedtheteachertoexplaintheword.(原因)2.Havingmadeadecision,theyimmediatelysetouttowork.(时间)3.WorkinghardonEnglish,youmustspeakverywell.(条件)4.Theboysatinthedarkroom,frightenedandtrembling.（伴随）（二）、不定式作状语：常表示表示目的和结果1)目的Hegotupearlynottomissthefirstbus.2)结果too…to,so…asto,such…asto,enoughto.Sheistooyoungtodressherself.Willyoubesokindastoturndowntheradio?Hehurriedhome(only)tofindhismotherwasdyingfast.语法功能之作宾语补足语1.make+O+C(do/done)S+bemade(todo/done)Thosewhowon’tworkshouldbemadetowork.Hecouldn’tmakehimselfheard.2.keep(leave)+O+C(doing/done)使处于某种状态。S+bekept(left)(doing/done)Nowstudentsarekeptburyingthemselvesinbooksallday.Hisworkwasleftundone.3.find+O+C(doing/done)S+be+found(doing/done)4.catchsb.doing;becaughtdoing（偶然或突然）撞见、发现Icaughtathiefstealingonmywayhome.Theywerecaughttryingtocornerthericemarket.5.have+O+C(do/doing/done)Shewillhaveyoudoingallthehouseworkifyouarenotcareful.Paulhadhishandburnedseriouslywhilecookingdinner.6.get+O+C(todo/doing/done)Itisuptoyoutogetthemmovingatonce.Canyougettheclockgoingagain?7.with+O+C(doing/done/todo)Helayonthegrasslandwithhisjacketcoveringhisstomach,Withmuchworktodo,Ihavetogiveupthistrip.8.感官动词hear,listento,see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,feel，hear+O+C(do/doing/done)Hehasneverheardhersingsowellbefore.Ididn’tnoticeyoucarryingapackwhenyoucamein.Neverbeforehadhefelthimselfsopowerfullyattracted（吸收）tothescientificidea.七、语法功能之作定语（一）、不定式作定语1、动作未发生，被修饰的名词在逻辑关系上是不定式动作的宾语。ItseemstomethatIhavenothingtotakehometomychildren.NowIfeelverylonelybecauseIcan’tfindanyonetotalkwith.2、被修饰的词为抽象名词，如need,way,reason,right等，不定式解释其内容。Thereisnoneedtoquarrelwithhim.Pleasegiveyourreasontorefusehim.3、修饰的词前有序数词first,second,last等作定语。Heisalwaysthefirst(one)togettoschooleveryday.（二）、分词作定语1、被修饰名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，该动作正在进行，或与谓语动作同时进行，或是经常性行为时，用现在分词。Thepeoplesittingatthebackmoveforwardplease.(sit正在进行)Iliketoliveinthehousefacingthesouth.(face经常性)Doyourememberthefloodhittingourvillagetwoyearsago?2、被修饰名词与作定语的动词为被动关系，用以下三种形式。ThemachineintroducedfromJapanhascomeintouse.ThepatientbeingoperatedonatpresentisfromJiangsu.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.八、非谓语动词的逻辑主语1、不定式用forsb.作其逻辑主语。Itishardformetogetalongwithhim.在Itis+adj.+todo句型中，若形容词是表示人的性格特征(kind,good,selfish等)或行为表现(foolish,careless等)的形容词，用ofsb.作逻辑主语。如：Itiskindofyoutosayso.Itwasstupidofhertomakesuchamistake.2、动名词的逻辑主语用名词或代词的所有格。若动名词不在句首。可用名词或代词的宾格。如：Tom’sgoingtherewon’tdoanyharm.Excusemy(me)cominglate.3、作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语的分词用名词或代词主格作其逻辑主语。如：Thereporthavingbeenread,alivelydiscussionbegan.Itraininghard,thesportsmeethadtobeputoff.九、非谓语动词的时态和语态（一）、动词不定式的时态与语态形式主动式被动式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的进行体、完成体常用在下列句型中：happento(bedoing/havedone)bethoughttobesaidtopretendtobeconsideredtobesupposedtoseemtobebelievedtoHepretendedt