杨浦区2020学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研高三年级英语学科试卷

杨浦区2020学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研

高三年级英语学科试卷考生注意：.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。.务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethetwospeakers?A.Inarestaurant. B.Onafarm. C.Onaplane. D.Inacafeteria.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyouservevegetarianmeals?M:I’msorry,Sir.Vegetarianmealsneedtoberequestedatleastadaybeforeyourflight.Q:Wherearethetwospeakers?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydoafterclass?A.EatatthenewBurgerplace. B.Spendtimeatadanceclub.C.Signupforatraditionaldanceclass.【答案】C.Signupforatraditionaldanceclass.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W：HangingoutatthenewBurgerplaceafterclasssoundsboring.Whydon'tyoucomewithmetomytraditionaldanceclub?M：Thenit’sadeal.Q:Whatwillthetwospeakersprobablydoafterclass?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenwillRynebeoutofthehospital?A.ThisFriday. B.ThisSaturday. C.NextMonday. D.NextSunday.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:RynescheduledhiskneesurgeryforthisFriday.HeexpectstobeinthehospitaltillnextMonday.M:Inthatcase,maybewecouldgoandseehimsometimeonSaturday.Q:WhenwillRynebeoutofthehospital?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthewomanwanttoputtheirorderstogether?Theycanbuyactionfiguresonsale.Theycansharethedeliverycost.Theycanorderthingstogether.Theysharesimilarinterestincartoons.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M：I'mwaitingforsomeactionfiguresfromJapan.W:NexttimeyouordersomethingfromJapan,letmeknow.Wecanputourorderstogethertosaveonthedeliverycost.Q:Whydoesthewomanwanttoputtheirorderstogether?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Theycan’taffordthelaptop. B.Thelaptopisn’ttherightmodel.C.Theirdaughtersaretoospoiled. D.Buyinglaptopsisunnecessary.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Look,Bill.Theyhavelaptopsforkids.Shouldwespoilourdaughters?M:Tammy!Yousaidyouweregoingtowatchwhatwespend.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?Thevideomeetingwasunsuccessful.Heenjoyedeveryminuteofthemeeting.Thevideomeetingwascancelled.Freezingweatheraffectedattendance.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howdidyesterday'sonlinevideomeetinggo?M:Itwasabitofadisasterasmycomputerscreensuddenlyfroze.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydidMillyleavethebasketballteam?Hiscoachdidn’tlikehisattitudetowardstraining.Hewasratedtheworstplayerontheteam.Hisacademicperformancewasnotsatisfactory.Hewassufferingfromaseriousbackinjury.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Iheardyouleftthebasketballteam,Milly.Howcome?Wasitaninjury?M:No.Itwasmygrades.Thecoachwon’tletmebackontheteamunlessIimproveenough.Q:WhydidMillyleavethebasketballteam?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?Themanwillreceiveaprizeattheyear-endparty.Themanhasgoodqualitiesforbeingapartyhost.Themanhasneverhostedapartybefore.Themanisnervousaboutbeingapartyhost.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Theyear-endpartyisaroundthecorner.Aren'tyouexcitedabouthostingthepartyandawardingtheprizes?M:Actually,I’mmorenervousthanrelaxed.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?HelackstheopportunitytosingKaraoke.Hewillpracticesingingafterwork.Heisn’tconfidentaboutsinging.Heisenthusiasticaboutwork.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Neil,doyouknowwearegoingtodovirtualKaraoketonightafterwork?M:That’swhyI’mpracticingmysinging.WhatIlackinability,Imakeupforinenthusiasm.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanimply?Sheneedstoimproveherfitnessbeforeit’stoolate.Sheshouldn’thaverunallthewaytotheoffice.Hewillmonitorherfitnesstrainingfromnowon.Hewillwakeheruptodoexercisetogether.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Iranallthewayfromthestationtotheoffice.Iambreathless.M:Ithinkitisawake-upcallforyoutodosomemoreexercise.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhoarethetargetcustomersofbottlesofairdevelopedbyMyBaggage?A.UKresidentslivingoverseas. B.UKresidentsstuckathome.C.Peoplelivingfarawayfromhome. D.EmployeesfromMyBaggage.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebottlesofair?Thebottlesaremadefromrecyclablematerials.TheaircomesfromthefourUKcountries.OnlyairfeaturingLondonUndergroundisavailable.Thebottlesaredesignedforone-timeuse.WhatisthescientificbasisforMyBaggage’snewproduct?Humansdon’tlikeadaptingtonewsurroundings.Freshairisbeneficialtoemotionalwell-being.Humansenseislinkedwithchildhoodmemories.Smellcanbringaboutemotionalmemories.【答案】11.A12.B13.D【解析】【原文】Duetoever-changingCovid-19travelrestrictions,manypeoplearoundtheworldhavefoundthemselvesstuckfarawayfromhomethisyear.AcompanyMyBaggagehasdreamedupaspecialgiftforhomesickresidents.Thecompanyiscurrentlysellingbottlesof"genuine"airfromEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandtoprovideUKresidentsoverseaswiththesmellofhome.Pricedat£25,thebottlecomeswithaflexiblelid,sotherecipientcankeepopeningitupandtakinginthesmellwhenevertheyneedastimulus.AsidefromthefourUKcountries,thecompanycanalsotakeonspecialrequestsforanyotherspecificUKlocations.Forexample,they'verecentlyfulfilledanorderfromaWelshmanwhorequestedasampleofairfromthemountainousregionofSnowdoniainnorthwesternWales.Meanwhile,speciallimitededitionbottlesfeaturingairtakenfromtheLondonUndergroundarealsoavailable.TheteamatMyBaggagesaytheywereinspiredtolaunchthebottledairrangeafterconductingresearchthatlinkedthehumansenseofsmellwithemotionalmemories.TheywantedtohelpUKresidentseasehomesicknessandsettleintotheirnewlifebyallowingthemtotakeadeepbreathoftheairfromtheirhomecountry.QuestionsWhoarethetargetcustomersofbottlesofairdevelopedbyMyBaggage?Whatcanbelearnedaboutthebottlesofair?WhatisthescientificbasisforMyBaggage’snewproduct?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowdoestheITindustrycontributetoclimatechange?Byconsuminghugeamountsofelectricity.Byreleasingenormousamountsofdata.BycausingjammedtrafficontheInternet.Bypushingpeopletochangedevices.WhatistheinspiringnewsaboutsomeInternetcompanies?Theyhaveinvestedinthecloudingsystem.Theyareswitchingtotherenewableenergy.Theyarebuildinglargesolarfarms.Theyhavestoppedusingdatacenters.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?Whatitmeanstogogreeninourlife.Howdatacenterscanbemadesustainable.Whydigitaltechnologyisnotsustainable.DWhichpersonalactivitiescausedigitalpollution.【答案】14.A15.B16.C【解析】【原文】Whenitcomestogoinggreen,mostpeoplethinktheanswersaretobefoundinnewtechnologies,oftenonesthatrelyontheInternetandtheever-growingdigitaleconomy.Butexactlyhowsustainableisourdigitallife?BehindeveryGooglesearchorYouTubeview,therearedatacenters.Thesecentersaretaskedwithcollecting,storing,processing,distributing,andallowingaccesstolargeamountsofdata.Unfortunately,theyconsumeenormousamountsofenergyandarebigproducersofCO.Thebiggestcenters,whichcancovermorethanamillionsquarefeet,useasmuchpowerasacitywithapopulationofonemillionpeople.Infact,theyconsume2%—3%oftheworld’selectricityandreleaseasmuchCO2astheairlineindustry.AccordingtoaGreenpeacereport,theglobalITindustrywouldrankbehindonlyChinaandtheUSastopcontributorstoclimatechange.Ourpersonalactionsalsocontributetotheproblem.Themajorityofthetrafficthatgoesthroughthemisduetovideostreaming,likewatchingvideoclipsorstreamingshows.Additionally,theratethatpeoplecyclethroughdevices,likelaptopsandsmartphones,isclimbingaspeopletrytokeepupwiththelatesttechnology.Sowhat’sthesolution?Likeallothereffortstogogreen,cleanenergyisthemainanswer.Luckily,Internetcompaniesarealreadymakingabigpushformorerenewableenergysources.Amajorcloudgiant,Switch,hasannouncedplanstobuildalargesolar-poweredcenter,andotherdatacompaniesaresigningontogetpowerfromwindandsolarfarms.Questions：HowdoestheITindustrycontributetoclimatechange?WhatistheinspiringnewsaboutsomeInternetcompanies?Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?听下面一段较长对话,回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatmakesJasonsoworried?Heisresponsiblefororganizingaclassmeeting.Heneedstocompleteanannualreportbytheweekend.Heisunderpressuretohandinatravelplan.Heisinchargeofplanningtheclasstrip.Whydoesn’tJasonthinkthetriptotheeastcoastagoodidea?Thecostofthetripistoohigh.Thejourneyistootiring.Hisclassmatesarephysicallyunfittogothere.Hisclassmatesarereluctanttogothatfar.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemountainresort?A.Itisabittoughtogetto. B.Ithassmalltentsforrent.C.Itoffersseasonaldiscount. D.Itsnaturalsceneryisbeautiful.HowdoesEmilyfeelaboutthetriptothemountainresort?A.Relaxed. B.Puzzled. C.Excited. D.Worried.【答案】17.D18.A19.D20.C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Jason,youlookbusythismorning.Whatareyouupto?M:Oh,Emily,youdidn'thear?I’mresponsibleforplanningtheclass’annualtrip.W:That’scool.Wherearewegoingthisyear?M:Idon’tknow.I’munderpressuretogeteverythingsortedfast,though.I'mnotsureIcanhandlethetask.W:Don’tworry.Icanhelpyoucomeupwithideas.M:Really?Youdon’tmind?Ineedtoprepareaplanbytheendoftheweek.W:Whataboutatriptotheeastcoa,st?Thebeachesarereallynice.M:That’soutofthequestion.Wedon’thavesufficientfundstogothatfar.W:Well,howaboutwearrangeagrouptriptothemountains?M:Hmm,thatcouldbefun.Let’slookforafewgoodspotsandthencomparenotes.W:I’vefoundsomegreatcampsites,buttheymightbeabittoughtogetto.M:Somepeoplearen’tinthebestshapeandIdon’tthinkeveryonewantstostayinatent.W:Yeah.That’sreasonable.Iknowanicemountainresortwithsomesmallcabinsforrent.M:Thatlooksnice.Thatwaywecouldstillarrangeacampfire,andpeoplewillhavewarmbedstosleepin..W:Also,therearesomenicetracksandwaterfallsnearthecabins.M:Thesephotoslookreallynice.Doyouthinkthebudgetwillcoverit?W:Icheckedprices,andit’saboutthesameasthehotelwebookedlastyear.Plus,Isawanoteaboutgroupdiscountsonthewebsite.M:That'sgreat.I’llgivethemacallrightawaytoseewhatIcanorganize.W:Ihaven’tbeentothemountainsinquiteawhile.I'mlookingforwardtothetrip.M:Metoo.Questions:WhatmakesJasonsoworried?Whydoesn’tJasonthinkthetriptotheeastcoastagoodidea?Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemountainresort?HowdoesEmilyfeelaboutthetriptothemountainresort?II.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.UnderstandingtheCloseness-CommunicationBias（偏见）Mostofusassumethatwecommunicatebetterwithourfriendsandlovedonesthanwedowithstrangers.However,itisoftenthecasethatthecloserweareto21 ,thelesslikelywearetolistencarefullytothem.Thisphenomenoniscalledcloseness-communicationbias,andithasbeenknowntoaffectpersonalrelationships.Thereason22manypeopleunconsciously“tuneout”theirfamilymembersorclosefriendsisthattheythinktheyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson23(say).It'ssimilartothewayinwhichyoumightnotnoticesigns,landmarks,orsceneryonapathyouhavetravelleddownnumeroustimes.Researchershaverepeatedlydemonstratedcloseness-communicationbiasinexperiments.Inonesuchstudy,subjectswerepairedupinaroomwithfriendsorspouses,24(follow)bybeingpairedupwithcompletestrangers.Researchersthenaskedthesubjectstointerpret25theirfriendsandspousesweresayingtothem.Inthemajorityofcases,26mostsubjectsassumedtheywouldbetterunderstandthosetheywerecloseto,theyactuallyunderstoodthemnobetterthanstrangers.Insomecases,theyunderstoodtheirclosefriendsandspousesevenless.Anotherstudyshowedthatpeoplearemorelikelytosharetheirmostworrisometroubleswithpeopletheywere27(close)toratherthanwiththeirspousesorclosefriends.Bysharingsecretswithstrangers,peopleareabletoavoid28(judge)andpreventcreatingunnecessaryconflictwithintheircloserelationships.Unfortunately,thecloseness-communicationbiasisarealitythatmostpeoplelive29whethertheyknowitornot.Notonly30thispreventpeoplefromlisteningtothosetheylove,butitalsomeanstheirlovedonesaren'tlisteningtothem,either.【答案】21.somebody22.why23.isgoingto/willsayfollowedwhat26.whilelessclosebeingjudgedwith30.does【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了日常生活中，我们越接近某人，我们就越不可能仔细倾听他们的话的这种现象及这种现象导致的结果。【详解】1.考查不定代词。句意：然而，通常的情况是，我们越接近某人，我们就越不可能仔细倾听他们的话。根据前文“Mostofusassumethatwecommunicatebetterwithourfriendsandlovedonesthanwedowithstrangers.”（我们大多数人认为我们与朋友和爱人的沟通，比与陌生人的沟通更好。）可知，此处指我们越接近某个人，所以用不定代词somebody,故填somebody。2.考查定语从句。句意：许多人之所以无意识地“排斥”他们的家庭成员或亲密的朋友，是因为他们认为自己已经知道对方会说什么。固定句式Thereasonwhy...isthat...，意为“……的原因就是”句中why引导的为定语从句，故填why。.考查时态。句意同上。根据前文“theyalreadyknowwhattheotherperson”可知此处指他们已经知道对方将要说什么。结合句意，此处用一般将来时。所以用isgoingto/willsay。.考查非谓语动词。句意：在其中一项研究中，研究对象与朋友或配偶在一个房间里配对，然后与完全陌生的人配对。分析句子可知，设空处在句中作状语。句子主语subjects和动词follow为动宾关系，所以follow要用过去分词形式，故填followed..考查宾语从句。句意：然后，研究人员要求受试者解释他们的朋友和配偶对他们说的话。分析句子可知，设空处及之后内容为宾语从句，设空处在从句中缺宾语，所以用连接代词what。故填what。.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然大多数受试者认为他们能更好地理解他们亲近的人，但实际上他们的理解并不比陌生人好。根据下文“theyactuallyunderstoodthemnobetterthanstrangers."，可知此处表示让步，表示“尽管”含义，所以用while。故填while。.考查比较级。句意：另一项研究表明，人们更倾向于把自己最烦恼的烦恼告诉那些不太亲近的人，而不是告诉他们的配偶或亲密的朋友。根据下文'ratherthanwiththeirspousesorclosefriends”可知，此处指告诉那些不太亲近的人，所以用lessclose，故填lessclose。.考查非谓语动词。句意：通过与陌生人分享秘密，人们能够避免被评判，避免在亲密关系中制造不必要的冲突。短语avoiddoingsth.，意为“避免做某事”，分析可知，句子主语people和judge为动宾关系，所以judge要用被动。故填beingjudged。.考查介词。句意：不幸的是，亲密沟通偏见，是大多数人要接受的现实，不管他们是否知道。短语livewith，意为“接受，忍受”，分析句子可知，本句中that从句为定语从句，修饰先行词reality，此处指接受现实。故填with。.考查部分倒装。句意：这不仅阻碍了人们倾听他们所爱的人话，也意味着他们所爱的人也不听他们的。notonly位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。结合本句中butitalsomeans，可知时态为一般现在时，同时主语this为单三形式，所以部分倒装用助动词does，故填does。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.lostB.edgesC.sizeD.stretchedE.respectivelyF.limitG.reasonH.attemptingI.interestsJ.missingK.secretlyNewton’sNotesonEgypt’sPyramidsSellfor378,000HandwrittennotesbytheEnglishscientistSirlsaacNewtonweresoldataSotheby’sLondonauctionon7December,fetching€378,000.Thethreepagesofnotes,whichdatefromthe1680s,showNewton31toworkoutthestructureandexactmeasurementsofancientEgyptianpyramids.Thenotesareburntaroundthe32 ,whichisthoughttobetheresultofNewton'sdogjumpinguponthetableandknockingoveracandle.Newton,wholivedfrom1642to1727,ismostfamousfordiscoveringthelawsofgravity.However,amonghismanyother33 ,hewantedtoworkoutthedateandtimingsoftheApocalypse（末世）.HethoughtthatthekeytothisknowledgemightbeintheancientpyramidsatGiza,Egypt.Bystudyingthe34ofindividualbricks,thelengthoftunnelsandtheheightofchambers,NewtonthoughthewouldbeabletoworkoutthesecretsofthepyramidsandthereforeunpickmysteriesofApocalypse,too.Newtonalsothoughtstudyingthepyramidscouldhelphimtoworkoutthecircumference（周长）oftheEarth-a 35pieceinhisworkongravity.Atthetime,severalpeoplebelievedthattheancientEgyptianshadaccesstoimportantknowledgeandsecretsthatwere36whentheircivilisationended.Thisbeliefwascentraltothestudyofalchemy（炼金术）.AlthoughNewtonwasveryinterestedinalchemy,hekeptthishiddenbecausehethoughtitwould37hiscareer.HewasknownasanEnlightenmentscientist.However,Newton38showedmoreinterestinalchemythaninscienceandmaths.In1936,asaleofNewton’spaperworkatSotheby’sauctionhouserevealedhowfarhisresearchandinterestinalchemy39 .JohnMaynardKeynes,aneconomist,boughtsomeofthosepapers.HesaidthatNewtonwas“notthefirstoftheageof40,hewasthelastofthemagicians”.Thenotesthatsoldon7Decemberarethoughttobepartofthesamebodyofwork.【答案】31.H32.BTOC\o"1-5"\h\z33.I 34.C35.J 36.A37.F 38.K39.D 40.G【解析】【分析】本文是新闻报道。文章讲述了牛顿关于埃及金字塔的笔记被拍卖，售价为37.8万欧元，并讲述了牛顿对炼金术的兴趣，以及笔记的可能的来源。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：这三页的笔记可以追溯到17世纪80年代，显示了牛顿试图计算出古埃及金字塔的结构和精确测量结果。根据下文“toworkoutthestructureandexactmeasurementsofancientEgyptianpyramids”可知，笔记是牛顿尝试计算古埃及金字塔的结构和精确测量方法记下的，attempt“尝试”符合句意，故选H。【32题详解】考查名词。句意：笔记被烧的只有边缘，这被认为是牛顿的狗跳上了桌子并且撞到了蜡烛的结果。根据下文“whichisthoughttobetheresultofNewton'sdogjumpinguponthetableandknockingoveracandle.”可知，牛顿的狗跳到桌子上撞到了蜡烛，引起了火灾，笔记被烧得只剩边缘，冠词修饰名词，edge“边缘”符合语境，根据句意用复数，故选B。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，在他的许多其他兴趣中，他还想计算出末世的日期和时间安排。根据上文“Newton,wholivedfrom1642to1727,ismostfamousfordiscoveringthelawsofgravity.可知，牛顿以发现了万有引力最出名，空格处填名词作介词宾语，故interest“兴趣”符合句意，且由many修饰，用复数，故选I。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：通过研究单块砖的大小、隧道的长度和房间的高度，牛顿认为他将能够找出金字塔的秘密，因此也解开了启示录的奥秘。定冠词修饰名词，由下文的“length”“height”可推断，size“大小；尺寸”符合句意，故选C。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：牛顿还认为研究金字塔可以帮助他计算出地球的周长——这是他的引力研究中缺少的一部分。分析句子可知，空格处缺少形容词作定语，根据句意，missing“缺少的”符合，故选J。【36题详解】考查动词。句意：当时，有几个人认为古埃及人可以接触到他们的文明结束时失去的重要知识和秘密。分析句子可知，空格处填动词作谓语，lose“失去”符合句意，that引导定语从句，指代knowledgeandsecret，与lose是被动关系，空格前有were，故填lost，故选A。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然牛顿对炼金术很感兴趣，但他把这个秘密隐藏起来，因为他认为这会限制他的职业生涯。分析句子可知空格处填动词作谓语，limit“限制”符合句意，空格前有would，故接动词原形构成过去将来时，故选F。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：然而，背地里牛顿对炼金术比对科学和数学更感兴趣。根据句意，secretly“秘密地；背地里”符合句意，副词作状语，故选K。【39题详解】考查动词。句意：1936年，牛顿在苏富比拍卖行出售了一件文件，揭示了他对炼金术的研究和兴趣延伸了多远。分析句子可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，stretch“延伸”符合句意，根据时间状语in1936可知，用一般过去时，故选D。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：他说牛顿“不是理性时代的第一个，他是最后的魔术师”。介词后接名词作宾语，reason“理性”符合句意，故选G。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ThievingMonkeys—NameYourPriceHumanbeingsarenottheonlyspeciesabletonegotiateadeal.IfyouvisitUluwatutempleinBali,becareful.Thelong-tailedmacaques（猕猴）therearewell-knownthieves.Theymakealivingby41visitorsoftheirpossessionsandthenholdingthoseobjectsuntilapaymentintheformoffoodispaid.Thatisquiteclever.ButprofessorJean-BaptisteLecawonderedwhetherthesemonkeysareclevererstill.Sometimes,theydonotacceptthefirst42andholdoutformore.Hethereforeaskedhimselfwhethermacaquesareableto43howvaluableanobjectistoitsowner,andfactorthatintotheirnegotiations.ProfessorLecaandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirexperimentbywanderingaroundthetemplewithvideocameras,recordingtheactivitiesofthemonkeys.Everytimetheysawamonkeyshowinterestina44tourist,theyrecordedtheinteraction.Notallattemptsatrobberyweresuccessful.Butofthosethatwere,theyanalysedthe45ofalmost2,200.Toworkoutwhatwasgoingon,theyhadfirsttoestablishthe46valuesoffoodrewardstomonkeys,andofstealableobjectstopeople.Thetemplestaffkeepthreesortsofrewardavailableforuseinnegotiations47touristswhowanttogettheirpropertyback:raweggs,biscuitsandsmallbagsoffruit.Differentmonkeyshavedifferent48 ,butprofessorLecaestablishedthesefor49animalsbyofferingthemchoicesbetweenpairsoftreatsinaninitialexperiment.Toconfirmwhichstealableobjectsaremost50bypeople,theydividedthemintosixclasses:emptycontainers,suchasphonecasesandcamerabags;accessoriessuchaskeyrings;hatsandheadgear;shoes;spectaclesandsunglasses;andelectronicsandwallets.Theythenobserved,fromthevideorecordings,howoftenvictims51tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasses,and52classifiedobjectsintolowvalue(thefirsttwoclassesonthelist),mediumvalue(thesecondtwo)andhighvalue(thethirdtwo).Theyfoundthatmonkeysdohaveagoodsenseofwhattheyaredoing—53,adultsandsub-adultsdo.Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems.Butthisissomethingthattheyhavetolearnhowtodoastheygrowup.Youngonesmakenosuch54,andsub-adultsarelessgoodatdoingsothanadults.Inmonkeys,asinpeople,guile(狡猾)isnotatrickthatisinborn.Ithastobe55.A.warning B.robbing C.reminding D.clearingB.dishC.offerD.preyB.dishC.offerD.prey43.A.assignB.assistC.assureD.assess44.A.particularprogressiveB.principalC.peculiarD.45.A.impactsB.detailsC.attacksD.motions46.A.preciseB.scientificC.optionalD.relative47.A.inspiteofofB.inhonorofC.withregardtoD.onbehalf48.A.preferencespredictionsB.potentialsC.performancesD.49.A.individualcooperativeB.independentC.collectiveD.50.A.identifiedB.valuedC.exchangedD.rewarded51.A.refusedB.managedC.botheredD.happened52.A.insteadB.otherwiseC.thusD.meanwhile53.A.inpracticeB.atleastC.inallD.atlength54.A.differencesB.distinctionsC.distributionsD.demands55.A.acquiredB.reversedC.managedD.informed【答案】41.B42.C50.B51.C52.C【解析】43.D 44.A53.B 54.B45.B55.A46.D47.D48.A49.A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章援引研究发现，成年猴子的偷窃行为和与受害者的讨价还价并获得高回报的行为是后天习得的。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们以抢劫来访者的财物为生，然后持有这些物品，直到r人们以食物的形式支付报酬。A.warning警告；B.robbing抢劫；C.reminding提醒；D.clearing清理。根据前文“Thelong-tailedmacaques（猕猴）therearewell-knownthieves”以及后文“Notallattemptsatrobberyweresuccessful.”可知，他们抢劫来访者的财物。故选B项。【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们不接受第一次提供（的食物），坚持要求更多。A.deposit押金；B.dish菜碟；C.offer提供；D.prey捕食（习性）。根据上文“Theymakealivingby1visitorsoftheirpossessionsandthenholdingthoseobjectsuntilapaymentintheformoffoodispaid.”可知，猴子们有时不接受第一次提供的食物。故选C项。43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他问自己，猕猴是否能够评估一件物品对其主人的价值，并将其考虑到谈判中。A.assign分配；B.assist协助；C.assure保证；D.assess评估。根据本句中“卜。亚valuableanobjectistoitsowner,andfactorthatintotheirnegotiations.”以及后文“Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems”.可以判断，这是看猴子们能否评估物品的价值。故选D项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每当他们看到猴子对某个特定的游客表现出兴趣，他们就会记录下互动过程。A.particular特指的；B.principal最重要的；C.peculiar怪异的；D.progressive进步的。根据常识及前文中“showinterest”可知，猴子要选准一个特定的（感兴趣的）游客进行抢劫。故选A项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但其中，他们分析了近2200个细节。A.impacts巨大影响；B.details细节；C.attacks攻击；D.motions运动。根据常识及句中“Butofthosethatwere”和具体数字“2200”以及下一段“ToworkoutwhatwasgoingOn等内容可知，他们为了弄清是怎么回事，分析了2200个细节。故选B项。【46题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了弄清楚到底是怎么回事，他们首先要确定猴子获得食物奖励的相对价值，以及人类可偷物品的相对价值。A.precise精确的B.scientific科学的；C.optional可选择的；D.relative相对的。猴子确定的食物奖励以及所偷物品的价值是根据不同的需要而决定的，所以是相对的。故选D项。【47题详解】考查固定（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：寺庙工作人员有三种奖励可供游客在谈判中使用：生鸡蛋、饼干和小袋水果。A.inspiteof尽管；B.inhonorof为了纪念；C.withregardto关于；D.onbehalfof代表某人，为了某人。根据句意可知，提供给猴子的食物并不是被偷游客自己提供的，而是由寺庙工作人员为他们提供的。故选D项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A.preferences偏好；B.potentials潜力；C.performances表演；D.predictions预言。根据本句中“butprofessorLecaestablishedthesefor9animalsbyofferingthemchoicesbetweenpairsoftreatsinaninitialexperiment”可知，不同的猴子有不同的偏好。后文“Theseanimalshaveapreferenceforstealinghigh-valueitems,andwilloftenholdouteitherformorerewards,orforbetterones,iftheyareinpossessionofsuchitems.”可以验证答案。故选A项。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不同的猴子有不同的偏好，但在最初的实验中，Leca教授通过让猴子在两组食物中进行选择，为单个动物确立了这些偏好。A.individual单个的，个别的；B.independent独立的；C.collective集体的；D.cooperative合作的。基于前文的分析可知，猴子们的表现是不同的，所以要对单个的猴子进行实验，才能有所区别。故选A项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了确定哪些偷窃物品最受猴子们重视，他们将偷窃物品分为六大类：空容器，如手机套和相机袋；钥匙圈等配件；帽子和头饰；鞋子；眼镜和太阳镜；还有电子产品和钱包。A.identified识别；B.valued重视，珍视；C.exchanged交换；D.rewarded奖励。根据后文“theydividedthemintosixclasses:emptycontainers,suchasphonecasesandcamerabags;accessoriessuchaskeyrings;hatsandheadgear;shoes;spectaclesandsunglasses;andelectronicsandwallets.”可知，实验中，为了确定哪些物品受猴子们重视。故选B项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别的财物而花费时间和精力与窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值（清单上的前两类）、中价值（后两类）和高价值（第三类）。A.refused拒绝；B.managed管理；C.bothered打扰，花费时间和精力（做某事）；D.happened发生。根据常识以及后文“tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasse”可知，受害游客需要花费时间和精力和猴子们讨价还价。故选C项。考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们从录像中观察受害者为归还属于不同类别财物而与。后文“（的Ossified窃贼讨价还价的频率，从而将物品分为低价值（清单上的前两类）、中价值（后两类）和高价值（第三类）。A.instead代替；B.otherwise否则；C.thus因此，从而;D.meanwhile。后文“（的Ossifiedobjectsintolowvalue（thefirsttwoclassesonthelist）,mediumvalue（thesecondtwo）andhighvalue（thethirdtwo）.”和前文“Theythenobserved,fromthevideorecordings,howoftenvictims11tobargainwiththethiefforthereturnofpropertybelongingtodifferentclasses,”存在因果关系。故选C项。【53题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他们发现，猴子确实对自己在做什么有很好的意识——至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。A.inpractice实际上；B.atleast至少；C.inall总计；D.atlength最终。根据后文“Youngonesmakenosuch14 ,andsub-adultsarelessgoodatdoingsothanadults.”可知，只有成年和半成年的猴子有很好的意识，所以说，不是所有的猴子都有很好的意识，至少成年和半成年的猴子是这样的。故选B项。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：年幼的猴子没有这样的区别，而且半成年的猴子在这方面不如成年的猴子擅长。A.differences差别；B.distinctions对比，区别；C.distributions分配；D.demands要求。根据上文“Butthisissomethingthattheyhavetolearnhowtodoastheygrowup.”可知，这种意识是随着成长学会的，此处指幼年猴子没有这种意识，它们没有区别。differences常指颜色、尺寸和数量等普通的差别；distinctions意思是相似的或相关的事物之间细节的差异，只能通过仔细检查才能确定的。故选B项。【55