江苏省扬州市2018届高中三年级第一次模拟考试英语

高考资源网〔ks5u,您身边的高考专家..高考资源网〔ks5u,您身边的高考专家2018届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语<满分120分,考试时间120分钟>第一卷<选择题,三部分,共75分>第一部分听力<共两节,每题1分,满分20分>第一节<共5小题；每小题1分,满分5分>听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。<>1.WhatdoesMr.Connorsmostprobablydo?A.Amechanic.B.Asalesman.C.Anengineer.<>2.Whendoesthemanwantthewomantogettotherestaurant?A.At6：20.B.At6：30.C.At6：50.<>3.WhereisTomprobably?A.Atthebank.B.Athisoffice.C.Inthebarber's.<>4.Whatisthequestionprobablyabout?A.English.B.Math.C.Chemistry.<>5.WhywillthewomangotoBeijing?A.Shehasfoundanewjobthere.B.Shewillattendcollegethere.C.Shewantstoseetheworld.第二节<共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分>听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话,回答第6至7题。<>6.Whatkindofbusinessdoestheman'scompanyprobablydo?A.Painting.B.Designing.C.Printing.<>7.Whenwillthewoman'sorderbedone?A.Bytheendoftheweek.B.Atthebeginningofnextmonth.C.Insixweeks.听下面一段对话,回答第8至9题。<>8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Customerandassistant.B.Workmates.C.Journalistandpasser­by.<>9.Whatisthewoman'sadvice?A.Advertisinginthelocalnewspaper.B.Givingoutthesamegiftstoeverybody.C.Havingthecompany'snameonthegifts.听下面一段对话,回答第10至12题。<>10.WhatshouldbehandedinnextMonday?A.Asummary.B.Ashortpassage.C.Afilmreview.<>11.Howmanywordsdothestudentsneedtowritefortheassignment?A.About100.B.About120.C.About150.<>12.Whatinstructiondoesthemangiveaboutthetext?A.Memorizingthenewwords.B.Recitingthetexttotheclass.C.Copyingtheidiomsthreetimes.听下面一段对话,回答第13至16题。<>13.WhendidRichardWrightfinishhisfirstnovel?A.In1935.B.In1938.C.In1945.<>14.WhatwasRichardWright'sfirstpublishedbookabout?A.Dreams.B.Familyproblems.C.Racialproblems.<>15.WhichbookdoesthemanthinkisRichardWright'smostsuccessfulone?A.UncleTom'sChildren.B.BlackBoy.C.NativeSon.<>16.Whatdoesthewomanprobablywanttobecomeinthefuture?A.Awriter.B.Anactress.C.Adirector.听下面一段独白,回答第17至20题。<>17.Whatweaponwasusedinthefirstrobberycase?A.Agun.B.Aknife.C.Ametalpole.<>18.Howdidthecriminalsleavethesceneaftertheyrobbedthehotel?A.Theyleftbythefrontdoor.B.TheyrandownSeventhAve.C.Theyfledthesceneinawhitecar.<>19.Wheredidthesecondrobberytakeplace?A.AtaT­shirtstore.B.Atabikestore.C.Atajeanstore.<>20.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttodo?A.Getsomehelpfromthepublic.B.Remindthepublicoftheirsafety.C.Tellthepublicthecaseshavebeensolved.第二部分英语知识运用<共两节,满分35分>第一节单项填空<共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分><>21.________manyofustodaytakethetelevisionforgranted,it'sactuallyoneofthegreatestinventionsofthe20thcentury.A.IfB.UnlessC.WhileD.Since<>22.ItwasJackwhocheatedintheexam.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________it?A.haddoneB.havedoneC.didD.amdoing<>23.Eventhoughshepretendstobefine,her________smilecannothidehersorrow.A.authenticB.artificialC.confidentialD.controversial<>24.Thisyoungmanlikestravelling—heisalways________.A.inarushB.atacrossroadsC.inadilemmaD.onthemove<>25.Oncewinterbecamelessofathreattohumanbeingsinliterature,literaryworks________itbecamemorepositive.A.featuringB.beingfeaturedC.havingfeaturedD.featured<>26.TheclimateinKunmingisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely,________,reaching35℃insummer.A.ifnotB.ifanyC.ifeverD.ifso<>27.Thelastpartofthegovernmentreport,________theimportanceofbridgingthegapbetweenscienceanddevelopmentpolicy.A.updatesB.claimsC.strengthensD.underlines<>28.Manyelderlypeopleconsiderschooldaysastheirgoldendays________theycannotreturnagain.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich<>29.—Howabouttravellingabroadthiswinterholiday,justforachange?—OK,________youwant.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever<>30.Nowadays,it'scommonforachildto________someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.A.bringupB.pickupC.lookupD.setup<>31.WithWeChatbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina,weseem________theartofchattingface­to­face.A.losingB.tobelostC.tobelosingD.havinglost<>32.It'ssaidthataclean________isasoftpillow,withwhichwecanhavesweetdreams.A.conscienceB.criterionC.consciousnessD.commitment<>33.Duringmyfirstyearatuniversity,IwassobusystudyingandmeetingnewpeoplethatIdidnotwritetomyfamilyasoftenasI________.A.couldhaveB.wouldhaveC.mighthaveD.shouldhave<>34.Aneffectivebrainstormmakesiteasierto________yourprojectquicklywhenyou'rereadytopursueitfurther.A.submittoB.diveintoC.sticktoD.caterto<>35.—Whotoldyouaboutit?—________.Youonlyneedtoknowitistrue.A.It'syourcallB.NeveryoumindC.It'sanyone'sguessD.Youhavemyword第二节完形填空<共20小题；每小题1分,共20分>阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Lastsummer,Ihadjustenoughmoneysavedtobuyagoldenticket—a3­monthtrainpassthatwouldtakemetothefurthestreachesofEurope.Excitedformyjourney,I__36__allthenecessarystuff—__37__theguidebook.Whilethe__38__oftheInternetwasdefinitelya__39__factortomydecision,thiswasnottheonlyreasonIdecidedtofly__40__.Tobehonest,Ifindtheguidebook__41__ajourney—likeabossyauntwhoisalwaystellingyouwhattodo,__42__shedoesn'talwaysknowwhat'sbest.__43__hastaughtmethatthereisaclear__44__betweenatouristandatraveler.WhilewaitinginaqueuetoseeMichelangelo'sStatueofDavidinFlorence,Imetamanwhoshowedmehis__45__of"Top20ThingstodoinItaly"andtoldus__46__thathe'd"seen"everythingItalyhasto__47__injustfourdays.TheproblemIhadwiththisman'swayof__48__wasthathewastoofocusedon__49__theboxesprovidedbyhisguidebook.Hewas__50__intheso­called"must­sees"andblindtoallthatwashappeningsomewhereelse.So,guidebook­lessaswewere,mycompanionandItraveledtoEstonia.Arrivingfornogoodreason,wehadnooptionbutto__51__somefriendlyfacesforadvice.We__52__ourselvesandaskedthemwhatwashappeningaroundtown.Whenthisresultedinan__53__toabeautifulEstonianhomebyariverwhereweenjoyeda110­degreewood­stovesauna<桑拿>,__54__pickedforest­mushroomsandthegood__55__ofourfivenew­foundEstonianfriends,wesureweregladwehadleftourbossyauntathome.<>36.A.loadedB.collectedC.packedD.selected<>37.A.exceptB.withC.includingD.besides<>38.A.competenceB.convenienceC.instanceD.performance<>39.A.demandingB.contributingC.strikingD.thrilling<>40.A.aroundB.awayC.abroadD.alone<>41.A.limitsB.influencesC.confusesD.encourages<>42.A.incaseB.asthoughC.eventhoughD.ifonly<>43.A.RegulationB.CommunicationC.IntelligenceD.Experience<>44.A.relationshipB.connectionC.similarityD.distinction<>45.A.listB.bookC.fileD.summary<>46.A.loudlyB.positivelyC.proudlyD.happily<>47.A.recommendB.offerC.discoverD.order<>48.A.travelingB.planningC.preparingD.drafting<>49.A.countingB.followingC.drawingD.ticking<>50.A.involvedB.interestedC.lostD.engaged<>51.A.approachB.grabC.spotD.seize<>52.A.presentedB.helpedC.introducedD.forced<>53.A.applicationB.accessC.entranceD.invitation<>54.A.skillfullyB.randomlyC.joyfullyD.locally<>55.A.qualityB.companyC.possessionD.advice第三部分阅读理解<共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分>请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AAsyouenteruniversity,youarelikelytobeconfusedbynewdemandsandchallenges.Youneedtodecideforyourselveswhatyouwanttoachievewhenyougraduate.Itisimportantthatyouhaveappropriateandrealisticexpectationsofauniversityeducationandknowhowfaryoucangotowardsachievingyourpersonalandacademicgoals,sothatyouwillhaveasenseofachievementattheendofyourfirstyearaswellaswhenyougraduate.ThiswebsiteaimstobeaquickonestopinformationhubtohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutlearningatHKUandmakebetteruseofHKU'ssupportservices.UniversityLifeisanadventurethat—literallyeveryonehereisakeyplayer.Yourstrategicmovesateachstagehaveadirectimpactontheoutcomesofthisadventure.Thekeytowinningismainlyabouthowyoumanageyourresources,especiallyyourtime.Mostsuccessfulplayersengagethemselvesinactivitiesthatmeettheirneedsandgoals.FirstYearExperienceAsanewplayer,youmayfindyourselfstandingatthecrossroadsandwonderingwhichdirectionsyoushouldgo.AnopenmindforhandlingnewchallengesandaroadmaporplanningandsettingprioritiesduringyourstayatHKUarewhatyouneedtostartyourjourney.Anddon'tforgettocheckoutthefollowingtofamiliariseyourselfwiththe"gamerules","supportandresources"and"opportunitycards"onhand:*HKUEducationaimstoknowwhatyouareexpectedtoachieve.*Thekeycardsthatcontributetoyouracademic,professionalandsocialexcellence,e．g.HorizonsOffice,CommonCore,CentreforSportsandExercise<CSE>,CentreforAppliedEnglishStudies<CAES>.<>56.Accordingtothepassage,whichisthemostimportantforstudents'academicsuccess?A.Seekingsupportfromtheirteachers.B.Settingpersonalandacademicgoals.C.Beingfamiliarwithschoolfacilities.D.Makinggooduseoftheirtime.<>57.Thepurposeofthiswebsiteisto________．A.attractmoreexcellentstudentstoattendHKUB.helpnewstudentsadapttotheiruniversitylifeC.encouragestudentstoseekadventureatuniversityD.advertiseroadmapsandkeycardsamongstudentsBAsApple'slongawaitediPhoneXhitshelvesaroundtheworld,Samsung'snewestadusestheopportunitytomakeamockeryofthelast10yearsofiPhoneproducts.__①__Samsung'slatestadvertisement,releasedthroughthecompany'sYouTubechannel,highlightshowapparentlylatetothegameApplehasbeenwitheachversionoftheiPhoneoverthelastdecadeascomparedtoothersmartphones,fromwaterproofingtotheheadphonejack.__②__ThevideofollowsacharacterupgradinghisAppleiPhoneeachyear,andeachyearcontinuingtomissoutonfeatureslikewater­proofing,theheadphonejackandmore,ashecomparestoSamsungmodelsthatdohavethesefeaturesaheadoftheiPhone.Apple'siPhoneXnotch<V型切口>hasbeenwidelycriticizedbytechexperts,whohavecalledthedesign"odd"and"ridiculous."Thereasonforthepeculiardesignistoaccommodateafront­facingcameraandfacial­recognitiontechnologyinadevicethatAppleadvertisesas"allscreen."__③__In2016,theSouthKoreanfirmmadefunofitsrival'sphonesasitlaunchedtheGalaxyNote7,zeroinginonthelackofaheadphonejack<whichmanyApplecustomerscomplainedabout>.Togobackevenfurther,SamsungreleasedvideosonYouTubein2014andina2013Superbowlteaseralso,mockingApplesmartphonesandwatches.ThenewGalaxyNote8bySamsunglaunchedwellbeforetheAppleiPhoneX,andcomeswithtworearcameraswithtwoOIS,amuchbigger6.3­inchOLEDfulldisplaywith18：9aspectratio,ItalsohasamuchbiggerbatterythanApple'siPhoneX—althoughSamsungdoesn'tliketotalktoomuchaboutbatteries,giventhefiascowiththeGalaxyNote7.__④__ApplemaynotbetootroubledbythemockeryconveyedbytheSamsung'sadvertisement:thenewiPhoneisalreadysoldout,andreportsofstrongdemandaroundtheworldhavedriventhecompany'sstocktonewall­timehighsinrecentdays.And,astheysay,imitationisthesincerestformofflattery<恭维>:anewtrialhasbeenorderedtodeterminehowmuchSamsungshouldpayAppleforcopyingthelookoftheiPhone.There'sanotherironytothisbattle:Samsunghasavested<既定的>interestintheiPhoneX'ssuccess,giventhatSamsungsuppliestheOLEDdisplay,NANDflashandtheDRAMchipsintheiPhone.<>58.Whereshouldthesentence"TheadisnotSamsung'sfirstoffenceagainstApple."beplacedinthepassage?A.①B.②C.③D.④<>59.Theunderlinedword"fiasco"inparagraph6means________．A.privilegeB.creativityC.disasterD.suspension<>60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsmaythewriterbeinfavorof?A.Samsung'slatestadvertisementisnothingmorethanamade­upstory.B.DifferentversionsoftheiPhonehavealwaystakentheleadinwaterproofing.C.Samsung'snewGalaxyNote8copiedthelookoftheAppleiPhoneX.D.SamsungislikelytodevelopbetterthroughcooperationwithApple.CCompetitionisanideology<意识形态>thatspreadsalloveroursocietyandmisleadsourthinking.Butitmeansnoprofitsforanybody,nomeaningfuldifferentiation,andastruggleforsurvival.Weadvocatecompetition,seeitasnecessary,andsetitslaws;andasaresult,wetrapourselveswithinit—themorewecompete,thelesswegain.Oureducationalsystembothdrivesandreflectsourcrazeforcompetition.Gradesaloneareprecisemeasurementofeachstudent'scompetitiveness;pupilswiththehighestmarksreceivestatusandcredits.Anditgetsworseasstudentsrisetohigherlevelsofthetournament.Highereducationistheplacewherepeoplewhohadbigplansinhighschoolgetstuckinfiercecompetitionwithequallysmartpeersoverconventionalcareerslikemanagementconsultingandinvestmentbanking.Fortheprivilegeofbeingturningintoconformists<顺从者>,students<ortheirfamilies>payhundredsofthousandsofdollarsinrapidlyrisingtuition.Whyarewedoingthistoourselves?IwishIhadaskedmyselfwhenIwasyounger.Mypathwassotrackedthatinmy8th­gradeyearbook,oneofmyfriendspredicted—accurately—thatfouryearslaterIwouldenterStanford.AndIenrolledatStanfordLawSchool,whereIcompetedevenharderforthestandardbadges<徽章>ofsuccess.Thehighestprizeinalawstudent'sworldisunambiguous:theSupremeCourtclerkship.Iwassoclosetowinningthislastcompetition.IfonlyIgottheclerkship,Ithought,Iwouldbesetforlife.ButIdidn't.Atthetime,Iwasfrustrated.In2004,afterIhadbuiltandsoldPayPal,Iranintoanoldfriendwhohadhelpedmepreparemyfailedclerkshipapplications.Wehadn'tspokeninnearlyadecade.Hisfirstwordstomewerenot"HiPeter"or"Howareyoudoing？"Butrather,"So,aren'tyougladyoudidn'tgetthatclerkship？"BecauseifIhadn'tlostthatlastcompetition,webothknewthatIneverwouldhaveleftthetracklaiddownsincemiddleschool.HadIactuallyclerkedontheSupremeCourt,Iprobablywouldhavespentmyentirecareertakingdepositionsordraftingotherpeople'sbusinessdealsinsteadofcreatinganythingnew.It'shardtosayhowmuchwouldbedifferent,butthe_opportunity_costs_were_enormous.Lookingbackatmyambitiontobecomealawyer,itlookslesslikeaplanforthefutureandmorelikeanexcuseforthepresent.Itwasawaytoexplaintoanyonewhowouldask—tomyparents,tomypeers,andmostofalltomyself—thattherewasnoneedtoworry.Iwasperfectlyontrack.Butitturnedoutthatmybiggestproblemwastakingthetrackwithoutthinkingreallyhardaboutwhereitwasgoing.<>61.Studentscompeteatschoolbecause________．A.theyareassessedbygradesB.theyareunderpeerpressureC.theywanttofindasecurejobD.thetuitionincreasesquickly<>62.Wecanlearnfromparagraph3thatthewriter________．A.didn'thaveaclearplanforfutureB.didbadlyinstudyinthe8thgradeC.wasn'tacapablestudentincollegeD.didn'twanttoobtaintheclerkship<>63.Theunderlinedsentence"theopportunitycostswereenormous"<inparagraph4>showsthewriter________.A.isunsurewhetherhischoiceiscorrectB.regretsfailingclerkshipapplicationsC.ishappyaboutnotgettingtheclerkshipD.thinkshecouldhavehadabettercareer<>64.Thewritershareshislifestorymainlytoarguethat________.A.peopleshouldn'tsupportcompetitionB.gradescannotreflectstudents'abilityC.failurecanbeagoodthingsometimesD.weshouldn'tfollowotherpeopleblindlyDThispassageisadaptedfromJaneEyrebyCharlotteBronté.Seeingme,sherecoveredherself:shemadeasortofefforttosmile,andexpressedafewwordsofcongratulations;butthesmiledisappeared,andthesentencewasabandonedunfinished.Sheputupherglassesandpushedherchairbackfromthetable."Ifeelsoastonished,"shebegan,"Ihardlyknowwhattosaytoyou,MissEyre.Ihavesurelynotbeendreaming,haveI?SometimesIhalffallasleepwhenIamsittingaloneandfancythingsthathaveneverhappened.IthasseemedtomemorethanoncewhenIhavebeeninadoze<打盹>,thatmydearhusband,whodiedfifteenyearssince,hascomeinandsatdownbesideme;andthatIhaveevenheardhimcallmebymyname,Alice,asheusedtodo.Now,canyoutellmewhetheritisactuallytruethatMr.Rochesterhasaskedyoutomarryhim?Don'tlaughatme.ButIreallythoughthecameinherefiveminutesago,andsaidthatinamonthyouwouldbehiswife.""Hehassaidthesamethingtome,"Ireplied."Hehas!Doyoubelievehim?Haveyouacceptedhim？""Yes."Shelookedatmeconfused."Icouldneverhavethoughtit.Heisaproudman;alltheRochesterswereproud;andhisfatheratleast,likedmoney.He,too,hasalwaysbeencalledcareful.Hemeanstomarryyou？""Hetellsmeso."Shesurveyedmywholeperson:inhereyesIreadthattheyhadtherefoundnocharmpowerfulenoughtosolvethemystery."Itpassesme！"shecontinued,"butnodoubtitistruesinceyousayso.HowitwillanswerIcannottell:Ireallydon'tknow.Equalityofpositionandfortuneisoftenadvisableinsuchcases;andtherearetwentyyearsofdifferenceinyourages.Hemightalmostbeyourfather.""No,indeed,Mrs.Fairfax！"Iprotested<抗议>,annoyed;"heisnothinglikemyfather!Noone,whosawustogether,wouldsupposeitforaninstant.Mr.Rochesterlooksasyoung,andisasyoung,assomemenoftwenty­five.""Isitreallyforloveheisgoingtomarryyou？"sheasked.Iwassohurtbyhercoldnessandskepticism,thatthetearsrosetomyeyes."Iamsorrytomakeyouunhappy,"continuedthewidow<寡妇>,"butyouaresoyoung,andsolittleacquaintedwithmen,Iwishedtoputyouonyourguard.Itisanoldsayingthat‘allisnotgoldthatglitters’；andinthiscaseIdofeartherewillbesomethingfoundtobedifferenttowhateitheryouorIexpect.""Why？—amIamonster？"Isaid."IsitimpossiblethatMr.Rochestershouldhaveasincereaffectionforme？""No:youareverywell;andmuchimprovedrecently;andMr.Rochester,Idaresay,isfondofyou.Ihavealwaysnoticedthatyouwereasortofpetofhis.Therearetimeswhen,foryoursake,Ihavebeenalittleuneasyathismarkedpreference,andhavewishedtoputyouonyourguard;butIdidnotliketosuggesteventhepossibilityofwrong.Iknewsuchanideawouldshock,perhapsoffendyou;andyou_were_so_discreet<审慎的>,_and_so_thoroughly_modest_and_sensible,_Ihopedyoumightbetrustedtoprotectyourself.LastnightIcannottellyouwhatIsufferedwhenIsoughtalloverthehouse,andcouldfindyounowhere,northemastereither;andthen,attwelveo'clock,sawyoucomeinwithhim.""Well,nevermindthatnow,"Iinterruptedimpatiently;"itisenoughthatallwasright.""Ihopeallwillberightintheend,"shesaid:"but,believeme,youcannotbetoocareful.TryandkeepMr.Rochesteratadistance:distrustyourselfaswellashim.Gentlemen_in_his_station_are_not_accustomed_to_marry_their_governesses._"<>65.ThepassagemakesitclearthatMissEyreandMr.Rochester________.A.willgetmarriedbecausetheyfeelaffectionforeachotherB.donotreallyknoweachotherwellenoughtobecomeengagedC.willnotlivehappilybecausetheywillberejectedbysocietyD.havearelationshipthatisnottypicalintheirsociety<>66.MissEyre'feelingsaboutherrelationshipwithMr.Rochestercanbebestdescribedas________.A.confidentB.unbelievableC.sensitiveD.unreliable<>67.Mrs.FairfaxcomparesMissEyreandMr.Rochester'srelationshipaspossiblybeingsimilarto________.A.amysterythatcannotbesolvedbyherB.anobjectthatappearstobesomethingbutreallyisanotherC.agameusedtoentertaintheinnocentandnaiveD.ashinyjewelthatholdsmorevaluethanitappearsto<>68.WemayinferfromthepassagethatMissEyreandMrs.Fairfaxarealikebecausetheyboth________.A.believethatMr.RochestershouldnotmarryhisgovernessB.believethatMr.RochesterwillbreakMissEyre'sheartC.areofthesameageandsocialclassD.believethatMr.RochesterisfondofMissEyre<>69.Thephrase"youweresodiscreet,andsothoroughlymodestandsensible"isusedbyMrs.Fairfaxto________.A.explainwhyMissEyreshouldnotmarryMr.RochesterB.explainwhyitislikelythatMr.Rochesterreallydoesn'tplantomarryMissEyreC.explainwhyshehadn'tdiscussedMr.Rochester'sfeelingstowardMissEyrebeforeD.insultMissEyreandletherknowthatMrs.Fairfaxwasdisappointedinher<>70.Bysaying"Gentlemeninhisstationarenotaccustomedtomarrytheirgovernesses,"Mrs.Fairfaxmeansthat________.A.Mr.RochesterisincapableoflovingMissEyreforthewholelifeB.Mr.RochestermaynotbesincereabouthisfeelingtowardsMissEyreC.Mr.RochesterwilltreatMissEyrelikeagovernessaftermarriageD.Mr.RochestermaynotreallyhaveaskedMissEyretomarryhim第二卷<两部分,共35分>第四部分任务型阅读<共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分>请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。Thebystandereffect,wherepeoplewitnessanemergencyindifferentlyratherthanstepintohelpastranger,hasbeendocumentedfordecades.Nowwiththeboominsocialmedia,thisphenomenonexhibitsitselfonadifferentlevel.Supposeyou'rewitnessingafightoraburningbuilding,whatwouldbeyourfirstinstinct?Tohelp,tocalltheauthorities,ortopulloutyourphoneandrecordtheevent?Formany,theansweristorecorditontheirphoneandnotgetinvolved,becauseofthefearofbeinghurtthemselves,anotionthatrelateswiththelong­studiedbystandereffect.Similarly,thebystandereffectmaybewellatworkonsiteslikeFacebook.Forexample,theUnitedNationslaunchedaprojectin2010tourgepeopletodonate$10formalaria<疟疾>inAfrica.However,mostpeoplejustsharedratherthandonated.Thefollow­upresearchfoundthatpeoplebelievedthattheiractofsharingwasworthmuchmorethana$10contribution.Theyfo