《英美概况》试题(附答案)

PAGEPAGE30《英美概况》MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices:ThehighestmountaininBritainis .Scafell B.BenNevis C.theCotswolds D.theForthThelongestriverinBritainis .theClyde B.theMersey C.theSevernD.theThamesThelargestlakeinBritainis .theLoughNeageB.WindermereWater C.ConistonWaterD.theLakeDistrictWhichpartofBritainisalwaysfighting?England B.Scotland C.WalesD.NorthemIrelandTheimmigrantscomingtoBritainaremainlyfrom .EuropeB.theUnitedStates C.AfricaD.theWestIndies,ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere .theNormansB.theCelts C.theIberiansD.theAnglo-SaxonsBritishRecordedhistorybeganwith .A. Romaninvasion B.theNormanConquestC.theVikingandDanishinvasion D.theAnglo-SaxonsinvasionIn829, actuallybecametheoverlordofalltheEnglish.JohnB.JamesI C.EgbertD.HenryIChristmasDay ,DukeWilliamwascrownedinWestminsterAbbey.A.1056B.1066 C.1006D.1060HenryIIwasthefirstkingofthe dynasty.WindsorB.Tudor C.MalcolmD.PlantagenetIn1265 summonedtheGreatCouncil,whichhasbeenseenastheearliestparliament.HenryIIIB.thePope C.BaronsD.SimondeMontfortTheHundredYears’warstartedin and endedin ,inwhichtheEnglishhadlostalltheterritoriesofFranceexcepttheFrenchportof .A.1337,1453,FlandersB.1337,1453,Calais C.1346,1453,ArgencourtD.1346,1453,BrestTheWarsofRoseslastedfor yearsandking wasreplacedbyking .30,RichardIII,HenryTudorB.50,RichardIII,HenryTudorC.30,RichardI,HenryTudorD.50,RichardI,HenryTudorTheRenaissancebeganin intheearly century.England,14B.England,15 C.Italy,14D.Italy,15TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled .theGloriousRevolutionB.theBloodyRevolutionC.theCatholicRevolutionD.thePuritanRevolutionIn ,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNorthAmerica.1620,LondonB.1620,Plymouth C.1720,LondonD.1720,PlymouthInthe18thcentury,thereappeared inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtotheinventionofmachines.theIndustrialRevolutionB.theBourgeoisRevolutionC.theWarsoftheRoses D.theReligiousReformationEnglishcolonialexpansionbeganwiththecolonizationof in1583.CanadaB.Australia C.IndiaD.Newfoundland wasfamousforhisabdicationbecauseofhismarriagewithadivorcedAmerican:EdwardVIIIB.EdwardVII C.GeorgeVID.GeorgeVIIInJanuary BritainbecameamemberoftheEuropeanEconomicCommunity.A.1957B.1967 C.1973D.1979soonafter ,Britainnotonlygaveupitseconmichegemonybutalsosufferedadeeplossofitspositionofindustrialleadership.1900B.theFirstWorldWar C.theSecondWorldWarD.1960Inthe1970samongthedevelopedcountries,Britainmaintainedthelowest rateandthehighest rate.inflation,growthB.growth,inflationC.growth,divorceD.growth,birthThefollowingareallreasonsofBritishdeclineofcoalindustryexcept .theexhaustionofoldminesB.costlyextractionC.littlemoneybeinginvestedD.thelabourshortageBritain’sforeigntradeismainlywith .A.developingcountriesB.otherCommonwealthcountriesC.otherdevelopedcountriesD.ECTheHouseofLordsispresidedoverby .theLordChancellorB.theQueen C.theArchbishopofCanterburyD.thePrimeMinisterAGeneralElectionisheldevery yearsandthereare membersofParliamentsareelected.five,600B.five,650 C.five,651D.four,651ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby andheorshealwayssitsin .theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommonstheArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLordstheQueen,theHouseofCommonstheQueen,theHouseofLordsTheultimateauthorityforlaw-makingresidesin .theQueenB.theCabinet C.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommonsThesourcesofBritishlawinclude .statutes,commonlaw,equitylawandEuropeanCommunitylawstatutes,commonlawandequitylawstatutes,commonlawandEuropeanCommunitylawacompletecodeandstatutesIncriminaltrialsbyjury, passessentencedand decidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.thejudge,thejuryB.thejudge,thejudgeC.thejury,thejuryD.theLordChancellor,thejury triesthemostseriousoffencessuchasmurderandrobbery.Magistrates’courtsB.Youthcourts C.districtcourtsD.TheCrownCourtLondon’sMetropolitanPoliceForceisunderthecontrolof .theEnglandsecretaries B.theScottishSecretariesC.NorthernIrelandSecretariesD.theHomeSecretaryTheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin andbasedatfirston .1948,ActsofParliamentB.1958,ActsofParliamentC.1948,theBillofRightsD.1958,theBillofRightsThenon-contributorysocialsecuritybenefitsincludethefollowingexcept .warpensionB.childbenefit C.familycreditD.unemploymentbenefitExceptthat maynotbeaRomanCatholic,publicofficesareopenwithoutdistinctiontomembersofallchurchsorofnone.thelordChancellorB.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeakerD.theministersofalldepartmentsAbout90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationintheUKattend .independentschoolsB.juniorschools C.independentschoolsD.primaryschoolsTherearesome universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.A.900B.290C.90D.50InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can bylaw.receivecompletelyfreeeducationreceiveparlyfreeeducationreceivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerichreceivenofreeeducationatallWithregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe countryintheworld.largestB.secondlargest C.thirdlargestD.fourthlargestInthefollowingrivers, hasbeencalledtheAmericanRuhr.theMississippiB.theMissouri C.theHudsonD.theOhioAmongthefollowingrivers, formsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheU.S.thePotomacB.theColumbia C.theRioGrandeRiver D.theColoradoAllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except .YaleB.HarvardC.OxfordD.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyThenation’scapitalcityWashingtonD.C.andNewYorkarelocatedin .theAmericanWestB.theGreatPlains C.theMidwestD.theMiddleAtlanticStatesTheMidwestinAmerica’smostimportant area.agriculturalB.industrial C.manufacturingD.miningindustryInthecaseofBrownversusBoardofEducation,theSupremeCourtruledthat .separateeducationalfacilitieshadbeenillegaleducationalfacilitieshadbeenseparatebutequaleducationalfacilitieshadbeenequalseparateeducationalfacilitieswereinherentlyunequalTheChineseExclusionActwaspassedin .A.1882B.1883C.1900D.1924ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom and .Ireland/FranceB.England/ChinaC.Scotland/EnglandD.England/NetherlandUncleTom’sRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe .A.earlysettlersB.PuritansC.nativeIndiansD.blackslavesAccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereStates.twoB.threeC.fourD.fiveManyearlyChineseimmigrantsworkedintheminingindustry,especiallyin

greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnited.A.goldminesB.silverminesC.coalminesD.copperminesTheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby .JamesMadisonB.ThomesJeffersonC.AlexanderHamiltonD.GeorgeWashingtonOnJuly4,1776, adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependerce.theFirstContinentalCongresstheSecondContinentalCongresstheThirdContinentalCongresstheConstitutionalConventionThevictoryof wastheturningpointoftheWarofIndependence.SaratogaB.Gettysburg C.TrentonD.YorktownTenamendmentsintroducedbyJamesMadisonin1789wereaddedtotheConstitution.Theyareknowsas .theArticlesofConfederationB.theBillofRightC.theCivilRightsD.FederalistPapersPresidentJeffersonbought fromFranceanddoubledthecountry’sterritory.NewMexicoB.theLouisianaTerritory C.KansasD.OhioTheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritishphilosopher .PaulRevereB.JohnLocke C.CornwallisD.FrederickDouglassDuringtheWWII,theAxispowersweremainlymadeupby .Germany,FranceandJapanB.France,JapanandBritainC.Germany,ItalyandBritainD.German,ItalyandJapanTheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationofthe and conditions.economy/politicalB.social/political C.economy/socialD.political/culturalAsaresultofWWI, wasnotoneofthedefeatednations.GermanyB.Austro-Hungary C.OttomanD.RussiaTheaimofPresidentRoosevelt’sNewDealwasto“saveAmerican .”economyB.politics C.societyD.democracy答案MultipleChoices:Chooseonerightanswerfromthefourchoices.1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D11.D12.B13.A14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C21.C22.B23.D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.A31.D32.D33.A34.D35.A36.D37.C38.A39.D40.D41.C42.C43.D44.A45.D46.A47.D48.D49.C50.A51.B52.B53.A54.B55.B56.B57.D58.C59.D60.D61.C62.B63.D64.C65.D66.D67.B68.C69.C70.D71.B72.B73.B74.D75.DFillintheblanks:Ceographicallyspeaking,thenorthandwestofBritainare ,whiletheeastandsouth-eastaremostly .Welshislocatedinthe ofGreatBritain.TheancestorsoftheEnglish ,whiletheScots,WelshandIrishthe .Inthemid-5thcentury,threeTeuronictribes , ,and invadedBritain.Amongthem,the gavetheirnameEnglishpeople.Thebattleof witnessedthedeathofHaroldinOctober,1066.UnderWilliam,the systeminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.ThepropertyrecordinWilliam’stimeisknownas ,whichwascompiledin . ’sgravebecameaplaceofpilgrimageinandbeyondchaucer’stimeafterhewasmurdered. wasthedeadlybubonicplague,whichreducedEngland’spopulationfromfourmillionto millionbytheendof the14thcentury.OneoftheconsequencesoftheUprisingof1381wastheemergenceofanewclassof farmers.JamesIandhissonCharlesIbothbelievedfirmlyin .DuringtheCivilWar,theCavalierssupported ,whiletheRoundheadssupported .AftertheCivilWar,OliverCromwelldeclaredEnglanda ,later,hebecame .In1707,theActof unitedEnglandand .ThetwopartiesoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionwere and .Theformerweretheforerunnersofthe Party,thelatterwereofthe party.In1765,theScottishinventor producedaveryefficient thatcouldbeappliedtotextileandothermachinery.AftertheIndustrialRevolution,Britainbecamethe“ ”oftheworld.DuringtheSecondWorldWar ledBritaintofinalvictoryin1945.In1974and1977,thetwo shockcausedinflationtorisedramatically.Naturalgaswasdiscoveredin1965andoilin1970under . hasEurope’slargestcollectionofforeignownedchipfactories.NewindustriesinBritaininclude , andotherhigh-techindustries.Thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomestheofficial ,withitsownleaderand“ cabinet”.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby ,andhis/herofficialresidenceis .TherearetwotiersoflocalgovernmentthroughoutEnglandandWales: and .ThecriminallawinBritainpresumesthe oftheaccuseduntilhehasbeenprovedguiltybeyondreasonabledoubt.Thejuryusuallyconsistsof personsinEngland,WalesandNorthernIreland,and personsinScotland.TheultimatecourtofappealincivilcasesthroughouttheUKis .InBritainthewelfarestateappliesmainlyto ,nationalinsuranceand .ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainare and .EducationintheUKiscompulsoryforallbetweentheagesof( inNorthenIreland)and .InthepastchildreninBritainwereallocatedtodifferentsecondaryschoolsonthebasisofselectiontestsknownas ,whichreplacedby .Educationafter16intheUKisdividedinto and .Themost-knownuniversitiesinBritainare and whichdatefromthe and centuries.In ,AlaskaandHavaiibecamethe49thand50thstates.IntheGreatLakes,only belongstoU.S.completelywhiletheotherfouraresharedwithGanada. isseparatedfromthemainlandbyCanada.TheRockies,thebackboneoftheNorthAmericanContinent,isalsoknownas . isthelargestcontinentalstateinareaintheU.S.TheWestcanbedividedintothreeparts:theGreatPlains,theRockyMountainsand .TheSouthistheheadquartersofalargesegmentofthe and industry.NewEnglandissometimescalledthe ofAmerica. isconsideredtobeoneofthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanpeoplesinceoneinfivemovestoanewhomeeveryyear.ThefirstblackswerebroughttonorthAmericaasslavesin .ThelargestgroupofAsian-Americansarethe .Fillintheblanks:highlands,lowlands2.west3.Anglo-Saxons,Celts4.Jutes,Saxons,Angles,Angles5.Hastings6.feudal7.DomesdayBook,10868.ThomasBecket9.BlackDeath,two10.yeomen11.theDivineRightofKings12.theking,theParliament13.Commonwealth,LordProtector14.Union,Scotland15.WhigsToriesLiberalConservative16.JamesWattsteamengine17.workship18.WinstonChurchill19.oil20.theNorthSea21.Scotland22.microprocessorsandcomputer,biotechnology23.Opposition,shadow24.theQueen,No.10Downing25.countrycouncils,districtcouncils26.innocence27.12,1528.theHouseofLords29.theNationalHealthService,socialsecurity30.theChurchofEngland,theChurchofScotland31.5,4,1632.eleven-plus,comprehensiveschools33.furthereducation,higheducation34.Oxford,Cambridge,12th,13th35.195936.LakeMichigan37.Alaska38.theContinentalDivide39.Texas40.theIntermountainBasinandPlateau41.rocket/missile42.birthplace43.Mobility44.161945.Chinese-AmericansExplainthefollowingterms.theHardian’soneofthetwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.AlfredtheGreatAlfredwasastrongkingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo- Saxonstoadvisetheking.It’sthebasisof PrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.WilliamtheConquerorWilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct,1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristamsDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.thebattleofHastingsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday’sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportantonthewayoftheRomanconquest.DomesdayBookUnderWilliam,thefeudalsystemwasestablished.WilliamsentofficialstocompileapropertyrecordknownasDomesdayBook,whichcompletedin1086.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEnglandmadein1085.Itstatedtheextent,value,thepopulation,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItseemedtotheEnglishliketheBookofdoomonJudgementDay.theGreatCharterKingJohn’sreigncausedmuchdiscontentamongthebarons.In1215,hewasforcedtosignadocument,knownasMangnaCara,ortheGreatCharter.Ithas63clauses.ThoughithaslongbeenregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberities,itsspiritthelimitationoftheking’spowers,keepingthemwithintheboundsofthefeudallawoftheland.theHundredYears’referredtotheintermittentwarbetweenFranceandEnglandthatlastfrom1337to1453.Thecauseswerepartlyterritorialandpartlyeconomic.WhenEdwardIIIclaimedtheFrenchCrownbuttheFrenchrefusedtorecognize,thewarbrokeout.firsttheEnglishweresuccessful,butintheend,they weredefeatedandlostalmostalltheirpossessionsinFrance.TheexpellingoftheEnglishwasablessingforbothcountries.JoanofArcShewasanationalheroineofFranceduringtheHundredYears’War.ShesuccessfullyledtheFrenchtodrivetheEnglishoutofFrance.theBlackDeathItwasthedeadlybubonicplaguewhospreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandwithoutwarningandanycure,andsparingnovictims.Itkilledbetweenhalfandone-thirdofthepopulationofEngland.Thus,muchlandwasuntendedandlabourwasshort.Itcausedfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.theWarsofRosesTheyreferredtothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancasterandtheHouseofYorkbetween1455and1485.Theformerwassymbolizedbytheredrose,andthelatterbythewhiteo ne.Afterthewars,feudalismreceiveditsdeathblowandtheking’spowerbecamesupreme.ThdormonarchsruledEnglandandWalesforovertwohundredyears.BloodyMaryHenryVIII’sdaughterandadevoutCatholic.WhenshebecameQueen,shepersecutedandburntmanyProtestants.Soshewasgiventhenickname“BloodyMary”.MaryisalsorememberedasthemonarchwholosttheFrenchportofCalais.ElizabethIOneofthegreatestmonarchsinBritishhistory.ShereignedEngland,WalesandIrelandfor45yearsandremainedHerreignwasatimeofconfidentEnglishnationalismandofgreatachievementsinliteratureandotherarts,inexplorationandinbattle.OliverCromwellTheleaderduringtheCivilWarwholedtheNewModelArmytodefeatthekingandcondemnedhimtodeath.hedeclaredEnglandaCommonwealthandmadehimselfLordofProtector.HeruledEnglandtilltherestorationofcharlesIIin1660.theBillofRightsIn1689,WilliamandMaryacceptedtheBillofRightstobecrownedjointly.ThebillexcludedanyRomanfromthesuccession,confirmedtheprincipleofparliamentarysupremacyandguaranteedfreespeechwithinboththetwoHouses.Thustheageofconstitutionalmonarchybegan.WhigsandToriesItreferredtothetwopartynameswhichoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolutionof1688.TheWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNoncomformists.TheTorieswerethosewhosupportedhereditarymonarchyandwerereluctanttoremovekings.TheWhigsformedacoalitionwithdissidentToriesandbecametheLiberalParty.TheToriesweretheforerunnersoftheConservativeParty.JamesWattTheScottishinventorwhoproducedanefficientsteamenginewithrotarymotionthatcouldbeappliedtotextileandmachinery.WinstonChurchillPrimeMinisterofBritainduringtheSecondWorldWar.HetookoverChamberlainin1940andreceivedmassivepopularsupport.Heledhiscountrytofinalvictoryin1945.Hewasdefeatedinthegeneralelectionof1945,butreturnedtopowerinAgribusinessItreferstothenewfarminginBritain,becauseit’sequippedandmanagedlikeanindustrialbusinesswithasetofinputsintothefarmofprocesseswhichoccuronthefarm,andoutputsorproductswhichleavethefarm.Theemphasisisuponintensivedesignestogivethemaximumoutputofcropsandanimals.theBritishConstitutionThereisnowrittenconstitutionintheUnitedKingdom.TheBritishConstitutionisnotsetoutinanydocument,butmadeupofstatutelaw,commonlawandconventions.TheJudiciarydeterminescommonlawandinterpretstatues.QueenElizabethIIThepresentSovereign,bornin1926,cametothethronein1952andwascrownedin1953.TheQueenistheofthewholenation,thecenterofmanynationalceremoniesandtheleaderofsociety.theOppositionIntheGeneralElection,thepartywhichwinsthesecondlargestnumberofseatsbecomestheoffcialOpposition,withitsownleaderand“shadowcabinet”.TheaimsoftheOppositionaretocontributetotheformulationofpolicyandlegislation,toopposegovernmentproposals,toseekamendmentstogovernmentbills,andtoputforwarditsownpoliciesinordertowinthenextgeneralelection.thePrivyCouncilFormerlythechiefsourceofexecutivepower.ItgavetheSovereignprivate(“privy”)adviceonthegovernmentofthecountry.Todayitsroleismainlyformal,advisingtheSovereigntoapprovecertaingovernmentdecreesandissuingroyalproclamation.ImonlawAwrittenlawgatheredfromnumerousdecisionsofthecourtsandothersources.thejuryAlegalsystemestablishedinEnglandsincekingHenryII.Thejuryconsistsofordinary,independentcitizenssummonedbycourt:12personsinEngland,WalesandNorthernIreland,and15personsinScotland.Incriminaltrialsbyjury,thejudgepassessentencebutthejurydecidetheissueofguiltorinnocence.theNHSTheNationalHealthServicewasestablishedintheUKin1948andbasedfirstonActsofParliament.ThisServiceprovideseveryresidentafullrangeofmedicalservices.Itisbasedupontheprinciplethatthereshouldbefullrangeofpubliclyprovidedservicesdesignedtohelptheindividualstayhealthy.ItisnowalargelyfreeprehensiveschoolsStatesecondaryschoolswhichtakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.About90percentofthestatesecondaryschoolpopulationinGBattendschool.publicschoolsFee-payingsecondaryschoolswhicharelongestablishedandhavegainedareputationfortheirhighacademicstandards,aswellastheirexclusivenessandsnobbery.Theboys’publicschoolsincludesuchwell-knownschoolsasEtonandHarrow,andgirls’famousschoolsincludeRoedean.MostofthemembersoftheBritishEstablishmentwereeducatedatapublicschool.theGreatLakesTheGreatLakesarethemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStates.TheyareLakeSuperior,whichisthelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld,LakeMichigan——theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.——LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarelocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLakeMichigan.NewEnglandNewEnglandismadeupofsixstatesoftheNorth-East.TheyareMaine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Massachusetts,RhodeIsland,andConnecticut.ItissometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.babyboom“babyboom”referstothegreatincreaseofbirthratebetween1946and1964.Peopleborninthisperiodarecalledbabybammers.theChineseExclusionActItwaspassedbytheU.S.Congressinmay,1882.ItstoppedChineseimmigrationfortenyears.theBillofRightsIn1789,JamesMadisonintroducedintheHouseofRepresentationsaseriesofamendmentswhichlaterweredraftedintotwelveproposedamendmentsandsenttothestatesforratification.Tenofthemwereratifiedin1791andbecamethefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution——theBillofRights.theEmancipationProclamationDuringtheCivilwar,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationtogetmoresupportfortheathomeandabroad.Itgrantedfreedomtoallslaves.theConstitutionalConventionIn1787,aconferencewasheldinPhiladelphiatoconsiderwhatshouldbedonetomaketheArticlesofConfederationadequate.AllthedelegatesagreedtorevisetheArticlesofConfederationanddrawupanewplanofgovernment.Afterstruggle,theConstitutionwasratifiedatlast.ThisconferenceiscalledtheConstitutionalConvertion.theProgressiveMovementTheProgressiveMovementisamovementdemandinggovernmentregulationoftheeconomyandsocialconditions.Itspreadquicklywiththesupportoflargenumbersofpeopleacrossthecountry.Itwasnotanorganizedcampaignwithdefinedgoals.thePeaceConferenceThePeaceConferenceortheParisConference,beganonJanuary18,1919.TheconferencewasactuallyaconferenceofdivisionofcoloniesofGermany,Austro-HungaryandtheOttomanEmpireandthegrabbingofasmuchaspossiblefromthedefeatednations.ItwasdominatedbytheBigFour(theUnitedStates,Britain.France,andItaly)theTrumanDoctrine:OnMarch12,1949,PresidentTrumanputforwardtheTrumanDoctrineinaspeechtothejointsessionofCongress.TheTrumanDoctrinemeanttosaythattheU.S.governmentwouldsupportanycountrywhichsaiditwasfightingagainstCommunism.theMarshallPlanOnJune5,1947,theSecretaryofStateGeorgeMarshallannouncedtheMarshallPlan,whichmeantthatinorderprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansion,theUnitedStatesdecidedtoofferWesternEuropeancountrieseconomicaid.theNewFrontierItwasthePresidentKennedy’sprogramwhichpromisedcivilrightsforblacks,federalaidtofarmersandtoeducation,medicalcareforallandtheabolitionofpoverty.checksandbalances:Thegovernmentisdividedintothreebranches,thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial,eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Andeachbranchofgovernmentcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thiscalled“checksandbalances”.GeneralKnowledgeofBritainandAmericaTestOne第一部分（客观题，共40分）Directions:Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsoruestionscarefully.ForeachunfinishedstatementorquestionfoursuggestedanswersA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheoneyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Then,markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheanswersheet.(25%)BritainisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthe andtheNorthSeaintheeast.eastsouthwestnorthThefirstknownsettlersofBritainwere .theJutestheCeltstheSaxonstheIberiansTheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled .thePuritanRevolutionthesecondMagnaCartatheLongParliamenttheAnglicanWarTheToriesweretheforerunners0f ,whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.theLabourPartytheLiberalPartytheSocialDemocraticPartytheConservativePartyInBritainonly ofthepopulationarefarmersbuttheymanage7O%ofthelandarea.2%3%4%5%WhichofthefollowingStatementsisNOTtrueaboutthePrimeMinisterinBritain?HeisappointedbytheQueen.HeisMinisterfortheCivilService.HesitsintheHouseofCommons.Hereceives￡88,292ayear.London'sMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontrolof .theLordChancellorB.theHomeSecretaryC.theAttorneyGeneralD.thePrimeMinisterWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueabouttheNationalHealthService?ItProvidesforeveryresidentafullrangeofmedicalservices.Itisadministeredbythecentralgovernment.Itsemergencyambulancesareavailablefordoctors'urgentcalls.Ithassufferedfromunderfundinginrecentdecades.Therearesome universitiesintheUnitedKingdom,includingtheOpenUniversity.7580859OIrelandisdividedintotwopoliticalparts: .NorthernIrelandandsouthernIrelandSouthernIrelandandtheRepublicofIrelandtheRepublicofIrelandandNorthernIrelandNorthernIrelandandBritainTheGrandCanyoninnorth-western isoneofnature'smostimpeessivesights.UtahArizonaNevadaIdahoThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefrom .EnglandandGermanyEnglandandIrelandEnglandandtheNetherlandsEnglandandSpainTheUnitedStateswenttowarwith in1812,thelastwarfoughtbetweenthesetwocountries.BritainFranceSpainMexicoIn1932,inthedepthofthedepression,theAmericanpeoplechose asnextpresidentwhopromiseda"newdeal"togetAmericaoutofdepression.TheodoreFranklinD.RooseveltWoodrowWilsonHerbert