【教学资料精创】高考英语一轮语法复习之主谓一致课件

主谓一致2023届高三英语一轮复习Q1：什么是主谓一致？例句：①He

often

helps

me.

②They

often

help

me.主单，谓单（V-s）主复，谓复定义：谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的单复数形式保持一致。——谓随主变Q2：何时使用主谓一致？（时态）1语法一致3就近原则2意义一致4就远原则主谓一致四个原则【原则1】语法一致：

谓语V.的单复数形式与主语在

上保持一致。John

(get)upatsixo'clockeverymorning.【原则2】意义一致：

谓语V.的单复数形式与主语在

上保持一致。Thecrowd

(be)surroundingalovelydog.【原则3】就近原则：谓语V.的单复数形式与

的主语保持一致。There

(be)apenandtwobooksonthedesk.【原则4】就远原则：谓语V.的单复数形式与

的主语保持一致。④Mr.Smith,togetherwithhisstudents,_______(be)goingtoBeiJingtomorrow.getswereis形式意义邻近(主意单,谓用单;主意复,谓用复)(近谓主语定谓形)(主形单,谓用单;

主形复,谓用复)Q3：如何使用主谓一致？主语的意义决定谓语的单复数形式较远is(远谓主语定谓形)1234主谓一致类型名词(n.)

作主语代词作主语并列结构作主语5固定短语修饰主语复杂结构作主语1.单数n.：

谓V.用单数;复数n.：谓V.用复数。Health

(be)wealth.

Water

(be)thesourceoflife.Thispieceoffurniture

(have)beenboughtbyme.Theboy

(be)lostintheforestyesterday.Mysisters

(do)notlikeplayingfootball.

Women

(play)animportantpartinfamilylife.类型一：名词(n.)

作主语isishaswasdoplay2.单数形式兼具单复数意义:

Herfamily

(be)verybigwith10people.Herfamily

(be)havingdinner.Theteam

(have)11players.Theteam

(be)tallandstrong.isarehasare3.单复数同形：Everypossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Allpossiblemeans

(have)beentried.Thatfish

(be)veryfresh.Severalfish

(be)caughtyesterday.hashavemeans(方法）species(物种;种类）fish(几条鱼）deer(鹿）sheep(绵羊）iswere表示单数意义,谓V.用单数;表示复数意义,谓V.用复数。4.复数形式表示单数意义：①学科名/国名/书名/杂志名/电影名等：Ithinkthatmaths

(be)verydifficulttolearn.

GreatExpectations

(be)writtenbyCharlesDickensin1860.②单位数量：时间、距离、长度、金钱、重量Tendollars

(be)enoughforhim.Fiveminutes

(be)notenoughtofinishthiswork.maths(数学)

politics(政治)

physics(物理)news(新闻)theUnitedStates(美国)Times《时代》isisisis谓V.用单数。考点主语形式把主语看做1news,works（工厂）,和以复数形式结尾的学科mathematics（数学）,politics（政治）,physics（物理）单数2trousers（裤子）,glasses（眼镜）,clothes（衣服）,shoes,scissors（剪刀）,goods（货物）,arms（武器），belongings(财产）复数类型一：名词(n.)

作主语但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，

谓语动词用单数形式。如：Thiskindofbooks

isuseful.=Booksofthiskind

areuseful.

5.

the+形容词/过去分词表示“一类人”：Therich

(be)notalwayshappierthanthepoor.Thesickintheaccident

(have)beentakentothehospital.

Theinjured

(be)rescuedfromtheruinslastnight.补充：the+姓氏复数，表“一家人”或“夫妻二人”时，做主语，看做复数举个栗子：TheGreensarealsoinvitedtotheparty.the+形容词

the+过去分词theinjured受伤者thelost失踪者theunemployed失业者therich富人/thepoor穷人theold老人/theyoung年轻人arehavewere谓V.用复数。类型一：名词(n.)

作主语6.some/most/therest/themajority/apart/half/分数/百分数+of+名词,Mostoftheworkers

(be)

insupportoftheplan.Mostofthewaterinthebottle

(be)drankbytheboyyesterday.Therestofthemoney

(be)giventomymotheryesterday.

Therestoftheapples

(be)eatenbymysisterlastnight.One­thirdoftheproject

(have)beenfinished

uptonow.Eightyfivepercentofthestudents

(have)finishedtheirhomework.arewaswaswerehashave谓V.与of后的名词保持一致。类型一：名词(n.)

作主语类型二：代词作主语1.

不定代词作主语：表示单数意义：

表示复数意义：

Shehavethreedaughters,each

(be)

smart.Amongthesestudents,some

(be)goingtolearnJapanese.Theyhavethreesonsbutnone

nearby.isare⑴单数:each,another(又一个；再一个),either,neither,

theother(另一个),theone(那个)

⑵复数：many,few(一些),most(大多数),several(几个),both(两者),theones(那些)⑶单数/复数：some(一些)all(所有）none(没有一个）【数量≥3】谓V.用单数谓V.用复数lives/live类型二：代词作主语2.

复合不定代词作主语:Listen！Someone

(be)callingyou.Nothing

(be)foundintheroomyesterday.

Noone

(take)careoftheoldman.some-某个/某件any-任何every-每一no-没有-thing事情-one人-body人iswastakes表示单数意义，谓V.用单数。1.由and或both...and...连接的并列成分：⑴表示不同的人/物,谓V.用复数。Awriter

and

apoet

(be)

givingaspeechatpresent.Timeandtide

(wait)fornoman.⑵表示同一个人/物或整体配套使用,

谓V.用单数。Thewriterandpoet

(have)

arrivedattheparty.

Aknifeandfork

(be)usedtohavemeals.⑶被each,every,no修饰时,谓V.用单数。Every

minute

and

every

second

(be)importantforus.arehasisiswait(岁月不待人）类型三：并列结构作主语Notthemother

butthechildren

(be)cookthemealyesterday.NeitherJanenorI

(have)finishedthehomework.Notonlyyoubutalsoyourgrandpa

(enjoy)swimming.NotmyfriendbutI

(be)intendtostudyabroad.werehaveenjoysam类型三：并列结构作主语AorBA或者B+谓语动词与B保持一致notAbutB

不是A而是BnotonlyAbutalsoB

不仅A而且BneitherAnorB

既不是A也不是BeitherAorB

不是A就是B注意：1.Therebe+AandB

有A和B：与A保持一致

2.BothAandBA和B都：要看成复数2.就近一致原则类型三：并列结构作主语有题有真相：1.EitheryouorI

(be)wrong.2.BothyouandI

(be)wrong.3.There

(be)abookandsomepensonthedesk.4.Notonlyyoubutalsohe

(be)tobeblame.5.NotnolyIbutalsoJaneandMary

(be)tiredofhavingoneexamafteranother.

am

is

is

are

areAwomanwithsomechildren______(be)

comingsoon.Myfather,togetherwithhisworkmates,

(have)beentoBeijing.Nooneexceptmyparents

(know)anythingaboutthis.Allbutone

(be)killedintheaccidentyesterday.Theteacher

aswellasthestudents

(have)readthebookalready.ishasknowswerehas类型三：并列结构作主语A+like（像，例如）/aswellas（也，和）+B+谓语动词与A保持一致besides/inadditionto/but/except（除了）with/alongwith/togetherwith（一起）

ratherthan（而不是）including（包括）/asmuchas（一样）3.就远一致原则类型三：并列结构作主语有题有真相：1.Alltheemployesexceptthemanager

(be)encouragedtoworkonlineathome.2.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughter,

(be)goingtovisitBeijingthissummer.3.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,

(have)beeninvitedtoperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.

were

washad类型四：复杂结构作主语1.单个动名词、不定式、从句作主语,表示“一件事情”,谓语V.用单数。Readinginthesun

(be)badforoureyes.Todomoreexercises

(be)

verynecessary.Whetherthemeetingwillbeheld

(depend)onyou.2.

多个动名词、不定式、从句作主语,表示“不只一件事情”谓语V.用复数。Listeningtothemusicandwatchingthemovie

(be)histwohobbies.Whentogoandwheretogo________(have)notbeendecidedyet.Whenandwheretogo________(have)notbeendecidedyet.isisdependsarehavehas类型四：复杂结构作主语3.

what引导主语从句，主句谓V.依据what所指代内容的单复数意义而定。Whatheisdoing

(seem)veryinteresting.Whathegotfromthetree

(be)redapples.4.定语从句的谓V.,依据引导词前的先行词的单复数意义而定。I,who

(be)yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyou.Hedoesn'tliketheonesthat

(be)alwayslookingdownonthepoor.seemsamwereare(what指代“事情”)(what指代“apples”)oneof+名词复数+定语从句从句谓语动词用复数the(only)oneof+复数名词

+定语从句从句谓语动词用单数定语从句中，关系代词who,which,that等在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定定语从句的主谓一致的考点1.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwho

(wear)eveningdress.2.Mybrotherisoneofthestudentswho______(have)wonthescholarship.3.Thosewho

(have)seenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.4.Iwillalwaystreasurethemomentthat

(be)fullofpleasurewithyou.wearshavehavewas类型五：固定短语修饰主语1.“许多...”

谓语V.的单复数形式与of后的名词保持一致。Plentyofeggs

(be)putinthisbasket.Agooddealofmoney

(have)beenspentonbooks.2.“不止一个;许多...”谓语V.用单数。Morethanoneroad

(be)beingbuiltatpresent.Manyastudent

(hope)toreducehomework.arehasishopesalotof/lotsof/plentyof/agreatdealof+名词morethanone+单数n.manya+单数n.3.“许多...”，谓语V.用复数；“...的数量”，谓语V.用单数。Thenumberofthebooks

(be)nomorethan100andanumberofthem

(be)arecheap.

4.

“许多...，大量...”,谓语V.的单复数形式与amount和quantity的词形保持一致。Agreatquantityofmoney

(be)spentontheprojectlastyear.Largequantitiesofsand

(be)washeddownthehillbytherainyestersay.isarean

amountof+不可数名词amountsof+不可数名词anumberof+名词thenumberof+名词aquantityof+复数/不可数名词quantitiesof+复数/不可数名词waswere类型五：固定短语修饰主语考点主语形式把主语看做1oneandahalf+复数名词（一个半....）单数2morethanone+单数名词（不止一个....）3-one/-body/-thing构成的复合代词4todo,doing,主语从句5each/every/Aandeach/everyB

（每一个...和每一个....）noAandnoB

（没有...和....）=noAorBmanyaAandmanyaB

6表时间，金钱,距离，重量的复数名词（miles,dollars,pounds,kilograms,kilometres,second,hours,years等）注意：考点5中第二个each/every/no/manya可以省略，简化为each/every/no/manyaAandB常看成单数形式的6大考点Payattention:everyAandB=everyAandeveryB,eachAandB=eachAandeachB,Eachstudentinourclass____(have)thisbook.Studentseachinourclass

(have)thisbook.noAandnoB=noAorBeg.Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.manya+n.单

many+n.复

morethanone+n.单

morethantwo/three/four...+n.复

more+复数名词+thanone

谓语用单数。谓单谓复谓单谓复

has

have有题有真相：1.--Didyougototheshowlastnight?---Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea

(be)invited.2.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts

(have)causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.3.MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths

(be)alsotrueoftheJohnsons.

was

has

is考点主语形式把主语看做单？复？1all，some

表人或可数的的物all,some

表事或不可数的物，抽象概念2anumberof+复数名词表“许多”thenumberof+复数名词，表（....的数量）3a(large)quantityof/an(large)amountof+名词，表“大量的”(large)quantitiesof/(large)amountsof+名词，表“大量的”4thepopulationof...:表示...的人口数thepopulationof...：....的居民需要区别对待的考点复数单数复数单数单数复数单数复数需要区别对待的考点有题有真相1.All

(be)goingwell.2.All

(be)agreedonthispoint.3.Anumberofchildren

(like)thissong.4.Thenumberoftrafficaccidents

(have)increased.5.Hugequantitiesofoil

(be)spillingintothesea.6.80%ofthepopulationofourcountry

(be)peasants.

isare

like

has

were

was需要区别对待的的考点考点主语形式把主语看做5冠词+Aand冠词+B,表示不同的人或物复数冠词+AandB,表示同一人或物单数6the+adj，表示一类人复数the+adj,表示抽象概念单数注意：当AandB表示一个整体时，要看成单数aknifeandfork（一副刀叉）,ironandsteel（钢铁）,timeandlife（岁月）有题有真相1.Theteacherandwriter

(be)fromHunan.2.Theteacherandthewriter

(be)fromHunan.3.Theyoung

(be)fullofenergy.4.Thenew

(be)suretoreplacetheold.isareareisThemanagerandsecretary

asbusyasabeealldayThesingerandwriter

famoustoeveryone.Warandpeace

aconstantthemeinhistory.Aknifeandfork

neededforawesternmeal.Breadandbutter

servedforbreakfast.Earlytobedandearlytorise

agoodhabit.isisisisisisironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安awatchandchain一块带链的表Aneedleandthread(针线)acoatandtie配有领带的上衣

后只接可数名词单数后只接可数名词复数后只接不可数名词后即可加可数也可加不可数each，every,morethanone,manya,another，noAandnoB=noAorBdozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion,afew/quiteafew,many/agoodmany,several...,a(large)numberof,thenumberofabitof/bitsof,alittle,much,agreatdealof...,alargeamountof,largeamountsofsome,any,plentyof,alotof/lotsof,aquantity/massof,quantities/massesofdozen,score,hundred,thousand,million,billion前有________或________时,不能加s,不加of概数dozens/scores/thousands...of+_____数名词改错：Thereareseveraldozenswatchesrequiringtoberepaired.Payattent