《英美概况》复习题与参考答案

2011 英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1、正误判断题：(40题)判断下列题目的正误：Irelandwasanindependentkingdom (F)State-runschoolinBritainisalsocalledpublic(F)Britainisanislandcountry,withitscoastline(T)MostBritishfamiliesareextended(F )GreatBritain’scoastlineishighl(rgulaHispanicsreferstotheSpanish-speakin(T)thenorthofGreatBritaintheseaway(T)MostJewswenttoAmericaduringthe(F)MostEnglishweatherexpertsfindit(F)BothWelshandScottishpeoplearedesc(T)Nobleclasshasalreadydisappearedin(F)Nowadays,amajorityofBritish(F)Nowadays,marriageisstill (T)ThedevelopmentofMiddle(T)LikeU.S.A,theUnitedKingdom(T)London,thecapitaloftheUK(F )Asianandblackminorities ( F)TheConstitutionofthe( T)1Englishpeopleoriginate(T)TheSupremeCourtis (T)TheexpansionoftheBritish(T)HenryVIwasresponsible(F)Intermsofstructure,the(T)Britainwasthefirstnation(T)Parliamentisthesupreme(F)Britainproducedmanygreat (F)Thenationalizedindustriesin (T)Oneofthebasicprinciplesof (T)Britainhasmorethan90univers(F)EasterDayalwaysarrivesin(F)expandhighereducation(F)Britishuniversitiesgenerally (T)Britishuniversities,different(F)Moststudents,poororrich, (F)InBritishlegalsystem,(T)Morethan81Oxfordmath(F)Primeministersfrom1945(F)Nowadays,ThanksgivingDay(F)EasterDayisthesecondmost (T)Thelifeofcongressistwoyears(F)2Ofallthese isles,thelargestoneiscalledGreatBritain.For the sake of convenience, Great Britain is shortenedtoBritain.UnitedKingdom ismade upoffour parts, England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.TheislandofGreatBritaincanbedividedintotwopartsaccordingtoitsgeographicfeatures:theHighlandinthenorthandwestandtheLowlandzoneinthesouthandsoutheast.InAmerica,ThepresidingofficerofthesenateistheVice-presidentoftheUnitedStateswhoservesaschairmanwhentheSenateisinsession.Britaindidnotproducecottonandtextileindustrytorelyonwoolastheprincipalfiber.InBritain,thecityBirminghamiswellknownforproductionofautomobiles,electricityequipment,electronics,munitions,andarms.BritishgovernmentisproducedthroughcontestbetweentwomajorpoliticalpartieseveryfiveyearsBritishcanenjoyhighereducationinthreeUniversities,polytechnicsandOpenUniversities.3MainlandAmericaissituatedinthesouthernpartofNorthAmericawithtwolandNeighbors,CanadatonorthandMexicotothesouth.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver，whichruns355kilometersandemptiesintotheBristolStrait.WhiteHouseistheplacewhereAmericanPresidentandworks.British’spopulationisoverwhelminglyurban,withabout90%livinginurbanareasand10%livinginruralareas.Britaininventedthelocomotiveandwasthefirstcountrytobuildarailwayintheworldin1825.ofthemostimportantUSgovernmentprincipleis“Checksand Balances”.ThemajorityoftheBritishpeoplebelieveinChristianity,whichisthereligionofthefollowersofJesusChrist.ThemostimportantandlongestriverrunningthroughthemiddleplainofAmericaisMississippiRiver.TheU.K.hastwoestablishedchurches:theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland.Important heavy industries in Britain shipbuildingandmotorvehicle.ModernEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUnited4KingdomaswellasthefirstlanguageofthevastmajorityInBritain,theplacewhereparliamenthassessionsLondonisthePalaceofWestminster.TheUSCongresshas twochambers,theSenateandtheHouse of Representatives. The Senate comprises Senators,twofromeachofthe50statesInearly times, British nobility can be divided uppernobilityandlowernobilityaccordingtotheamountofthelandtheypossessed.InBritain,the nucleusofthegovernment isknownastheCabinet,whichisheadedbytheprimeminister.IntheUnitedKingdom,politicsisunderthecontrolofpoliticalparties,andthisisknownaspartypolitics.TheUSConstitution protects freedomof speech freedomofthepresssothatcommonpeoplecanmaketheiropinionsknown.ThehighestcourtinBritainistheSupremeCourt.Ifthe jurycannot reachaunanimousagreement, becomesknownasahungjury.The English legal profession is divided into twobranches: solicitors andbarristers.Britain was the first country to introduce a new5economicsystemknownasfreeenterprise.meettheincreasingneedandprotectenvironment,Britainhasbeguntodevelopsomenewenergies,suchbio-fuels,derivingfromwasteandcrops.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.thesouthofSanFranciscolocatesafamousvalley,namedSiliconValley,whichhasnowbecomethecenterofAmerica’selectronicindustry.TheMississippiRiverValley,alsoknownasthe_CentralPlain_,consistsofthelargeareabetweentheAppalachianontheeastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.Britainhastraditionallybeenamanufacturingnationandwasonceknownasthe“workshopoftheworld.”OneofthemostfamousnaturalparkinAmerica,YellowStoneNationalPark,issituatedinthestateWyoming.LasVegas,themoststrikinggamblingcityinAmerica,completelyreliesonthewaterfromtheColoradoRiver.Everything related with family life, including meals,isregardedasprivacyinBritain.Theworkingclasspeopleusuallyhavea “hightea”hotdishesatabout5o’clockintheafternoon;6Themiddle-classpeoplenormallyhaveanearly“tea”atabout4or5o’clockintheafternoon.Private schools in Britain are officially calledindependent schools because theyare independent ofgovernment.3.（15题）简要回答下列问题：WhyisAmericacomparedtoamelting-pot?WhatarethecharactersoftypicalBritishpeople?Why do British people liketo talk about weather much?WhatchangeshavetakenplaceinBritishfamilies?Whatarethepossiblecausesforthosechanges?Whoarethefamous QueensinBritish history?writedowntheirnames.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Trial?WhatarethepopularfestivalsinAmerica?Pleaselisttwoorthreenamesofthem.WhatisthefunctionofmonarchinBritain?WhyisBritishgovernment systemcalled“Constitutional7Monarchy”?PleaselistsomefamousriversinAmerica.What measures can government take to adjust developmentofeconomy?WhydosomeHistorianscallblackAmericans“unwillingimmigrants”?What are the factors that can helpyou decide statusofamaninBritishsociety?WhatarethespiritsAmericanPeopleworship?doesAmericangovernmentsystemdemonstrateprincipleof“ChecksandBalances”?82011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题2、知识填空题：(40题)GreatBritain;BritainEngland;Wales;NorthernIrelandHighlandZone;LowlandZoneVice-presidentwoolBirminghamfiveUniversities;OpenUniversitiesCanada;MexicoSevernWhiteHouseurban;ruralBalancesChristianity;JesusChristMississippiRiverestablished;England;Scotland9shipbuilding;motorvehicleproductionEnglishthePalaceofWestminsterSenate;HouseofRepresentatives;100;twoupper;lowerCabinetspeech;thepresstheSupremeCourthungsolicitors;barristersfreebio-fuelsSiliconValleyCentralPlain;Appalachian;RockyworkshopLasVegasprivacyhighlight10independent4.（15题）AsimmigrantsfromdifferentregionsandculturestoliveintheUnitedStates,theiroldwaysoflifemeltaway,andtheybecamepartoftheAmericanculture.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.BecausetheweatherinBritainisverychangeable;asBritishpeopletendtoavoidprivatetopics,weatherisconsideredtobeasafetopic.Britishwomenarenolongerconfinedtotrditionalhousechores.Womenemployeescanbefoundinalmosteverypartofsocial life.Theymakeupabout48%oftheBritish laborforce. Paid jobs meant independence women,which finally ledtochanges inwomens socialstatus.Mary;ElizabethI;Victoria;ElizabethIIThejurytrialinBritainembodiessomebasicprincipleofthevaluecherished bythe British people,suchastheprotection of individual rights. However, if the 11cannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.Thenanewjuryhasformed,andanewtrailiscalled.ChristmasDay;NewYearsDay;ThanksgivingDay;IndependenceDay;LinconBirthday;HalloweenOvercenturiesinhistory,theEnglishmonarchpersonallycontrolledsupremejudicialpower.Afterthefoundingofthelawcourtinthe12thcenturyandParliamentinthe13thcentury,thedirectexerciseofthesefunctionsbythemonarchgraduallydecreased.Ontheonehand,MonarchisthesymbolofsupremepowerinBritain;ontheotherhand,thepowerofMonarchislimitedbylaws,andithasmainlyadvisoryandceremonialresponsibilities,therealpowerisclenchedbyPrimeMinisterandparliament.,theMissouriRiver,theOhioRiver,River,theColoradoRiver,TheRioGrandeRiver,thePotomacRiver,theHudsonRiverFiscalpolicy:increase/dec